DOCSLIB.ORG

The EURING Exchange-Code 2ШШШ

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The EURING Exchange-Code 2ШШШ The EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ. Speek, G., Clark, J.A., Rohde, Z., Wassenaar, R.D. & Van Noordwijk, A.J. Heteren, the Netherlands Vogeltrekstation Arnhem Dutch Ringing Centre Oct 29, 2ØØ8 (for update information see at the end of this publication) EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ 1 - 143 © Copyright EURING. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced (or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means) for commercial use, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. When using this copyrighted file, which we promote, see to the proper citation, and please send EURING a copy of your publication. EURING General Secretary Dr. Wolfgang Fiedler Max Planck Research Centre for Ornithology Vogelwarte Radolfzell Schlossallee 2 D-78315 Radolfzell Germany www.euring.org Published for EURING, the European Union for Bird Ringing, by: Vogeltrekstation Arnhem PO Box 4Ø 6666 ZG Heteren the Netherlands June 2ØØ1 www.vogeltrekstation.nl ISBN: 9Ø-74638-13-9 Citation: Speek, G., Clark, J.A., Rohde, Z., Wassenaar, R.D. & Van Noordwijk, A.J. 2ØØ1. The EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ. Heteren. ISBN 9Ø-74638-13-9. This publication can be downloaded as a pdf-file from the EURING website: www.euring.org And also from the website of the Dutch Ringing Scheme: www.vogeltrekstation.nl The two former EURING code manuals, 'EURING Code Manual' (1966) and 'Code Manual New EURING' (1979), can also be downloaded (pdf) from the two websites mentioned above. Authors: Gerrit Speek Dutch Ringing Scheme, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands. Jacquie A. Clark UK & Ireland Ringing Scheme, the Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK. Zenon Rohde Institute for Ornithology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nadwislanska 108, 80- 680 Gdansk, Poland. Rinse Wassenaar EURING databank, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands. Arie J. van Noordwijk Dutch Ringing Scheme, PO Box 40, 6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands. E-mail Gerrit Speek: [email protected] EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ 2 - 143 Foreword. EURING, the European Union for Bird Ringing, was founded in 1963 for the purpose of promoting and facilitating co-operation between the European ringing schemes. One of its first and most difficult tasks was to agree a code whereby ringing recoveries could be committed to punch cards, and it was not until the end of 1966 that the ‘EURING Code Manual’ was finally issued. This EURING code, which had been the subject of so much debate, worked well for a decade. In 1977, during a meeting of EURING in Sopot, Poland, the decision was taken to compile a new code, more suited to new computer requirements and facilities. The initiative for this new code was taken by Dr. Carl Edelstam. A working party consisting of Dr. P. Busse, B. Jacquat, C.J. Mead and B.J. Speek was entrusted with the task of finalizing the new version of the code. In 1979 the ‘Code Manual New EURING’ was ready for use and was presented by Robert Spencer, the General Secretary of EURING. A further revision of the code was suggested by Pertti Saurola at the EURING Board meeting in 1997. A committee (of Jacquie Clark, Pertti Saurola and Rinse Wassenaar) was set up to work on the new code. In 1998 Gerrit Speek became involved in the project and produced a first draft of the new code ‘EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ’. The code was circulated round the committee between December 1998 and February 1999, and was sent to all ringing centres in April 1999 before being presented and adopted formally during the EURING General Meeting in September 1999 on Helgoland. During that meeting a committee consisting of Jacquie Clark (Britain & Ireland Ringing Centre), Zenon Rohde (Poland Ringing Centre), Gerrit Speek (Dutch Ringing Centre) and Rinse Wassenaar (EURING databank) was entrusted with the task of finalizing the new version of the code. On behalf of the committee: Gerrit Speek EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ 3 - 143 Introduction. Producing the ‘EURING Code Manual’ in 1966 and the ‘Code Manual New EURING’ in 1979 was hard work in the 196Ø’s and 197Ø’s and these Manuals have been invaluable in allowing standardisation of coding throughout European ringing schemes. One of the major advantages of the original codes was that they were based on 8Ø column punch cards and thus provided the first opportunities for automatic processing. Remarkably, the ‘Code Manual New EURING’ (1979) is still in use in the year 2ØØØ! Perhaps this is a great compliment for the compilers, but the limitation to 8Ø columns is a major disadvantage in the context of modern database systems. Given advances in computing technology, it is time to update the code and adapt it to modern requirements and opportunities. Updating the code allows the following improvements: (1) to remove the double and triple notations in one field that was inevitable based on the punch card; (2) to remove the notations “11” and “12”, based on the punch card; (3) more drastic is a new way of formatting the data. Currently there are several double notation fields in the EURING-code, with ringing and finding data for seven fields (=24 columns) which represents considerable unnecessary use of hard disk-space. Twenty recoveries of the same bird contain 2Ø identical sets of ringing data. The basic idea behind the new formatting is this: think about the capture of two birds in a mistnet at the same time, one bird without a ring (= first catch), the other bird is with a ring (= recapture). What is the difference? There is only one difference: the ring was already present or not, that's all. The ringing details are only required once for each bird, so in this code one set of those fields is enough. The first record (catch nr.1) is the first catch of the bird (equal to the “old fashioned” ringing data), the second record (catch nr.2) is the first recapture, etc. So in each record there is one field for the date, one field for the accuracy of date, one field for the place code, one field for the co-ordinates, one field for the quadrant, one field for the status etc. etc. For example in the old ‘Code Manual New EURING’ (1979): Rec-no.1 Ringing data (with ringing date, -sex, -age etc.) Recapture 1 (with finding date, -sex, -age etc.) Rec-no.2 Ringing data (with ringing date, -sex, -age etc.) Recapture 2 (with finding date, -sex, -age etc.) Rec-no.3 Ringing data (with ringing date, -sex, -age etc.) Recapture 3 (with finding date, -sex, -age etc.) Etc. Etc. Etc. But in the new ‘EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ’ (2ØØ1) : Rec-no.1 Capture nr.1 with date, sex, age etc. (in this record: ringing data) Rec-no.2 Capture nr.2 with date, sex, age etc. (in this record: finding data from recapture nr.1) Rec-no.3 Capture nr.3 with date, sex, age etc. (in this record: finding data from recapture nr.2) Rec-no.4 Capture nr.4 with date, sex, age etc. (in this record: finding data from recapture nr.3) Etc. Etc. Throughout this codebook: Ø = the number zero; O = the alphabetic character as in “Oslo”. Yes, that’s the opposite of the ‘Code Manual New EURING’ (1979). Exceptions: there are a few names of place-codes in Danmark and Norway with the character ø. EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ 4 - 143 Foreword 3 Introduction 4 List of overall contents 5 List of actual fields 5 Replaces / removed fields 6 Actual fields of the code 7 - 128 Thanks 129 Appendix 1. List of bats 131 Appendix 2. World-list of sea-mammals. 132 Update information 135 Actual fields: FIELDS COLUMN STATUS compared to 1979 PAGE Ringing Scheme 1-3 Format not changed, updated 7 Primary identification method 4-5 New 16 Identification number (ringnumber) 6-15 Enlarged to 1Ø columns 17 Verification of the metal ring 16 New, but split from old field 18 Metal ring information 17 New, but split from old field 19 Other marks information 18-19 New, enlarged, split from old field 2Ø Species + subsp., mentioned by person 2Ø-24 Format not changed, updated 22 Species + subsp., concluded by Scheme 25-29 New 23 Species in alphabetic order 2Ø-29 Format not changed, updated 24 Species in order of EURING code 2Ø-29 Format not changed, updated 37 Manipulated 3Ø New, but split from old field 51 Moved before the (re)capture/recovery 31 Unchanged, but split 52 Catching method 32 New 53 Catching lures 33 New 54 Sex, by the person who handled the bird 34 Format not changed, updated 55 Sex, as concluded by Scheme 35 New 55 Age, by the person who handled the bird 36 Unchanged 56 Age, as concluded by the Scheme 37 New 56 Status 38 Unchanged, but split 57 Broodsize 39-4Ø Enlarged and changed 58 Pullus age 41-42 Enlarged and changed 59 Accuracy of pullus age 43 Enlarged and changed 6Ø Date 44-51 Enlarged to 8 columns 61 Accuracy of date 52 Unchanged, but split from old field 62 Time 53-56 New, changed from old field 63 Place code 57-6Ø Format not changed, updated 64 Geographical co-ordinates 61-75 Changed, enlarged, updated 116 Accuracy of co-ordinates 76 New 117 Condition 77 Unchanged 118 Circumstances 78-79 Format not changed, updated 119 Circumstances presumed 8Ø Unchanged, but split 124 EURING-code identifier 81 Updated 125 Derived data: distance 82-86 Enlarged, updated 126 Derived data: direction 87-89 Unchanged 126 Derived data: elapsed time 9Ø-94 Enlarged, updated 127 Reserved for biometrical data 151-2ØØ 128 Reserved for additional data 2Ø1- ? EURING exchange-code 2ØØØ 5 - 143 Record structure in EURING 2000 code: Replaced / Removed fields, comparing to ‘Code Manual New EURING’ (1979): Removed: Replaced by: Factors affecting recovery chances Metal ring information, Other marks information, Manipulated Verification of identity Species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • And Wildlife, 1928-72
    Bibliography of Research Publications of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1928-72 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE RESOURCE PUBLICATION 120 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, 1928-72 Edited by Paul H. Eschmeyer, Division of Fishery Research Van T. Harris, Division of Wildlife Research Resource Publication 120 Published by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Washington, B.C. 1974 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Eschmeyer, Paul Henry, 1916 Bibliography of research publications of the U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, 1928-72. (Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Kesource publication 120) Supt. of Docs. no.: 1.49.66:120 1. Fishes Bibliography. 2. Game and game-birds Bibliography. 3. Fish-culture Bibliography. 4. Fishery management Bibliogra­ phy. 5. Wildlife management Bibliography. I. Harris, Van Thomas, 1915- joint author. II. United States. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. III. Title. IV. Series: United States Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. Resource publication 120. S914.A3 no. 120 [Z7996.F5] 639'.9'08s [016.639*9] 74-8411 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfTie Washington, D.C. Price $2.30 Stock Number 2410-00366 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS OF THE U.S. BUREAU OF SPORT FISHERIES AND WILDLIFE, 1928-72 INTRODUCTION This bibliography comprises publications in fishery and wildlife research au­ thored or coauthored by research scientists of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife and certain predecessor agencies. Separate lists, arranged alphabetically by author, are given for each of 17 fishery research and 6 wildlife research labora­ tories, stations, investigations, or centers.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of an Extinct Marabou Stork in the Neogene of South America
    First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America JORGE IGNACIO NORIEGA and GERARDO CLADERA Noriega, J.I. and Cladera, G. 2008. First record of an extinct marabou stork in the Neogene of South America. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 53 (4): 593–600. We describe a new large species of marabou stork, Leptoptilus patagonicus (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae, Leptoptilini), from the late Miocene Puerto Madryn Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina. The specimen consists mainly of wing and leg bones, pelvis, sternum, cervical vertebrae, and a few fragments of the skull. We provisionally adopt the traditional system− atic scheme of ciconiid tribes. The specimen is referred to the Leptoptilini on the basis of similarities in morphology and intramembral proportions with the extant genera Ephippiorhynchus, Jabiru,andLeptoptilos. The fossil specimen resembles in overall morphology and size the species of Leptoptilos, but also exhibits several exclusive characters of the sternum, hu− merus, carpometacarpus, tibiotarsus, and pelvis. Additionally, its wing proportions differ from those of any living taxon, providing support to erect a new species. This is the first record of the tribe Leptoptilini in the Tertiary of South America. Key words: Ciconiidae, Leptoptilos, Miocene, Argentina, South America. Jorge I. Noriega [[email protected]], Laboratorio de Paleontología de Vertebrados, CICYTTP−CONICET, Matteri y España, 3105 Diamante, Argentina; Gerardo Cladera [[email protected]], Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, 9100 Trelew, Argentina. Introduction Institutional abbreviations.—BMNH, Natural History Mu− seum, London, UK; CICYTTP, Centro de Investigaciones The stork family (Ciconiidae) is a well−defined group of Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción, waterbirds, traditionally divided into three tribes: the Myc− Diamante, Argentina; CNAR−KB3, collections of locality 3 of teriini, the Ciconiini, and the Leptoptilini (Kahl 1971, 1972, the Kossom Bougoudi area, Centre National d’Appui à la 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research
    THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL Providing Scientific Information about Birds GUIDELINES TO THE USE OF WILD BIRDS IN RESEARCH Special Publication 1997 Edited by Abbot S. Gaunt & Lewis W. Oring Third Edition 2010 Edited by Jeanne M. Fair, Editor-in-Chief Ellen Paul & Jason Jones, Associate Editors GUIDELINES TO THE USE OF WILD BIRDS IN RESEARCH Jeanne M. Fair1, Ellen Paul2, & Jason Jones3, Anne Barrett Clark4, Clara Davie4, Gary Kaiser5 1 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Atmospheric, Climate and Environmental Dynamics, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87506 2 Ornithological Council, 1107 17th St., N.W., Suite 250, Washington, D.C. 20036 3 Tetra Tech EC, 133 Federal Street, 6th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110 4 Binghamton University State University of New York, Department of Biology, PO BOX 6000 Binghamton, NY 13902-6000 5 402-3255 Glasgow Ave, Victoria, BC V8X 4S4, Canada Copyright 1997, 2010 by THE ORNITHOLOGICAL COUNCIL 1107 17th Street, N.W. Suite 250 Washington, D.C. 20036 http://www.nmnh.si.edu/BIRDNET Suggested citation Fair, J., E. Paul, and J. Jones, Eds. 2010. Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research. Washington, D.C.: Ornithological Council. Revision date August 2010 2 Dedication The Ornithological Council dedicates this 2010 revision to Lewis W. Oring and the late Abbot (Toby) S. Gaunt, whose commitment to the well-being of the birds for whom ornithologists share a deep and abiding concern has served our profession well for so many years. Toby Gaunt Lew Oring Revision date August 2010 3 Acknowledgments and disclaimer Third edition The Ornithological Council thanks the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare of the National Institutes of Health for their financial support for the production of this revision.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals
    THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod AN E AN R R E IT MED The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION OF MEDITERRANEAN MAMMALS Compiled by Helen J. Temple and Annabelle Cuttelod The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or other participating organizations, concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN or other participating organizations. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK Copyright: © 2009 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Red List logo: © 2008 Citation: Temple, H.J. and Cuttelod, A. (Compilers). 2009. The Status and Distribution of Mediterranean Mammals. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK : IUCN. vii+32pp. ISBN: 978-2-8317-1163-8 Cover design: Cambridge Publishers Cover photo: Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus © Antonio Rivas/P. Ex-situ Lince Ibérico All photographs used in this publication remain the property of the original copyright holder (see individual captions for details).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
    In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Jabiru Mycteria (Jabiru Stork)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Jabiru mycteria (Jabiru Stork) Family: Ciconiidae (Storks) Order: Ciconiiformes (Storks, Herons and Ibises) Class: Aves (Birds) Fig. 1. Jabiru stork, Jabiru mycteria. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabiru#/media/File:Jabiru_(Jabiru_mycteria)_2.JPG, downloaded 1 March 2017] TRAITS. Jabiru mycteria is one of the largest flying birds on earth, being the largest in the Americas and one of the three stork species found there. Adult jabiru storks can reach 1.2m tall with a wing span of 2.6m. Their bill is large and black, somewhat upturned, with lengths of up to 30cm (Fig. 1). Males are larger than females, and both sexes can be identified by the band of red skin at the base of the neck. Adult storks possess all-white plumage on the body. The head and neck lacks feathers except for a cluster of grey feathers on the back of the head. The juveniles have white feathers with greyish-brown edges (McKinley, 2006; Borjas, 2004). DISTRIBUTION. Jabiru mycteria is native to South American countries such as Argentina, Brazil, Belize, Colombia, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua and Venezuela (Fig. 2). Jabirus can have also been sighted in Mexico, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, United States and Uruguay (IUCN, 2016). UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology HABITAT AND ACTIVITY. Jabiru storks are diurnal birds and often feed singly or in pairs but can also be found feeding in large groups (Kahl, 1973). They can be found around coastal lagoons, savannas, marshes and also ponds (Belize Zoo, 2017; Pantanal, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Harrier References
    Introduction This is the final version of the Harrier's list, no further updates will be made. Grateful thanks to Wietze Janse and Tom Shevlin (www.irishbirds.ie) for the cover images and all those who responded with constructive feedback. All images © the photographers. Please note that this and other Reference Lists I have compiled are not exhaustive and are best employed in conjunction with other sources. Joe Hobbs Index The general order of species follows the International Ornithologists' Union World Bird List (Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (eds.) 2019. IOC World Bird List. Available from: https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ [version 9.1 accessed January 2019]). Final Version Version 1.4 (January 2019). Cover Main image: Western Marsh Harrier. Zevenhoven, Groene Jonker, Netherlands. 3rd May 2011. Picture by Wietze Janse. Vignette: Montagu’s Harrier. Great Saltee Island, Co. Wexford, Ireland. 10th May 2008. Picture by Tom Shevlin. Species Page No. African Marsh Harrier [Circus ranivorus] 8 Black Harrier [Circus maurus] 10 Cinereous Harrier [Circus cinereus] 17 Eastern Marsh Harrier [Circus spilonotus] 6 Hen Harrier [Circus cyaneus] 11 Long-winged Harrier [Circus buffoni] 9 Malagasy Harrier [Circus macrosceles] 9 Montagu's Harrier [Circus pygargus] 20 Northern Harrier [Circus hudsonius] 16 Pallid Harrier [Circus macrourus] 18 Papuan Harrier [Circus spilothorax] 7 Pied Harrier [Circus melanoleucos] 20 Réunion Harrier [Circus maillardi] 9 Spotted Harrier [Circus assimilis] 9 Swamp Harrier [Circus approximans] 7 Western Marsh Harrier [Circus aeruginosus] 4 1 Relevant Publications Balmer, D. et al. 2013. Bird Atlas 2001-11: The breeding and wintering birds of Britain and Ireland. BTO Books, Thetford. Beaman, M.
    [Show full text]
  • AN EVALUATION of TECHNIQUES for CAPTURING RAPTORS in EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA by Mark R
    AN EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES FOR CAPTURING RAPTORS IN EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA by Mark R. Fuller and Glenn S. Christenson Department of Ecologyand BehavioralBiology University of Minnesota 310 Biological SciencesCenter St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 ABSTRACT. To meet the objectivesof a study,several species of raptorshad to be trapped on a 9,880-hectare study area of heterogenoushabitat types. Bal-chatri,mist net, Swedish Goshawk,and automatic bow-net traps (and combinationsof these traps) were used in severalgeneral habitat situations.Mist nets combined with a baited bal-chatri or tethered bait were most successfulin capturingbirds, and the bal-chatrisalone and mist nets alone were next most effective. Trappingwas found to be most productivein deciduousupland habitats where an openingin the canopy or break in the understoryoccurred. Trapping along a woodlot-fieldedge was also effective. Strigiformeswere most often trappedjust before sunriseor just after sunset,while falconiformeswere most often capturedin the late morning and late afternoon. Trapping was least efficient from Decemberto February. A different trap type from that i•sedin the initial captureis often most effectivefor recaptur- ing raptors.Maintenance of healthybait animalsand frequent trap checksare emphasized. Introduction This paperpresents results from a combinationof methodsused to captureand recapture Great HornedOwls (Bubo virginianus), Barred Owls (Strix varia),Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo }amaicensis),and Broad-wingedHawks (Buteo platypterus) on a 9,880-hectarestudy area in east-central
    [Show full text]
  • Spread-Wing Postures and Their Possible Functions in the Ciconiidae
    THE AUK A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHOLOGY Von. 88 Oc:roBE'a 1971 No. 4 SPREAD-WING POSTURES AND THEIR POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS IN THE CICONIIDAE M. P. KAI-IL IN two recent papers Clark (19'69) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) have reported spread-wingpostures in storks and other birds and discussed someof the functionsthat they may serve. During recent field studies (1959-69) of all 17 speciesof storks, I have had opportunitiesto observespread-wing postures. in a number of speciesand under different environmentalconditions (Table i). The contextsin which thesepostures occur shed somelight on their possible functions. TYPES OF SPREAD-WING POSTURES Varying degreesof wing spreadingare shownby at least 13 species of storksunder different conditions.In somestorks (e.g. Ciconia nigra, Euxenuragaleata, Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis, and ]abiru mycteria) I observedno spread-wingpostures and have foundno referenceto them in the literature. In the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) I observedonly a wing-droopingposture--with the wings held a short distanceaway from the sidesand the primaries fanned downward--in migrant birds wetted by a heavy rain at NgorongoroCrater, Tanzania. Other species often openedthe wingsonly part way, in a delta-wingposture (Frontis- piece), in which the forearmsare openedbut the primariesremain folded so that their tips crossin front o.f or below the. tail. In some species (e.g. Ibis leucocephalus)this was the most commonly observedspread- wing posture. All those specieslisted in Table i, with the exception of C. ciconia,at times adopted a full-spreadposture (Figures i, 2, 3), similar to those referred to by Clark (1969) and Curry-Lindahl (1970) in severalgroups of water birds.
    [Show full text]
  • Filed Techniques-Bats
    Expedition Field Techniques BATS Kate Barlow Geography Outdoors: the centre supporting field research, exploration and outdoor learning Royal Geographical Society with IBG 1 Kensington Gore London SW7 2AR Tel +44 (0)20 7591 3030 Fax +44 (0)20 7591 3031 Email [email protected] Website www.rgs.org/go October 1999 ISBN 978-0-907649-82-3 Cover illustration: A Noctilio leporinus mist-netted during an expedition, FFI Montserrat Biodiversity Project 1995, by Dave Fawcett. Courtesy of Kate Jones, and taken from the cover of her thesis entitled ‘Evolution of bat life histories’, University of Surrey. Expedition Field Techniques BATS CONTENTS Acknowledgements Preface Section One: Bats and Fieldwork 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Literature Reviews 3 1.3 Licences 3 1.4 Health and Safety 4 1.4.1 Hazards associated with bats 5 1.5 Ethics 6 1.6 Project Planning 6 Section Two: Capture Techniques 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Catching bats 8 2.2.1 Mist-nets 8 2.2.2 Mist-net placement 10 2.2.3 Harp-traps 12 2.2.4 Harp-trap placement 13 2.2.5 Comparison of mist-net and harp-traps 13 2.2.6 Hand-netting for bats 14 2.3 Sampling for bats 14 Section Three: Survey Techniques 18 3.1 Introduction 18 3.2 Surveys at roosts 18 3.2.1 Emergence counts 18 3.2.2 Roost counts 19 3.3 Population estimates 20 Expedition Field Techniques Section Four: Processing Bats 22 4.1 Handling bats 22 4.1.1 Removing bats from mist-nets 22 4.1.2 Handling bats 24 4.2 Assessment of age and reproductive status 25 4.3 Measuring bats 26 4.4 Identification 28 4.5 Data recording 29 Section Five: Specimen Preparation
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Baseline Study of Avian Fauna of Sukkur Riverine Forests, Sindh, Pakistan
    Report on Baseline study of Avian Fauna of Sukkur Riverine Forests, Sindh, Pakistan Project title: Sustainable forest management to secure multiple benefits in Pakistan's high conservation value forests 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. CONTENTS PAGE # 2. List of Figures and Tables 02 3. Project Brief 03 4. Summary 07 5. Introduction 08 6. Methodology 10 7. Results & Discussion 12 8. Threats and Recommendation 15 9. References 16 List of Figures and Tables 1 Fig. 1. Map of Study Area 11 2 Fig. 2. Order Wise Species Richness Recorded From Study 13 Area 3 Fig. 3. Family Wise Species Richness Recorded From 14 Study Area 1 Table 1. Checklist of Avian Fauna Recorded From Study 18 Area 2 Project Brief Project Title: Sustainable forest management to secure multiple benefits in Pakistan's high conservation value forestss Duration: Five years (January 2017 to December 2021) Project Areas: i). Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Temperate forest) ii). Sind (Riverine forest) iii. Punjab (Scrub forest and Riverine forest) Project objective: The objective of the proposed project is to promote sustainable forest management in Pakistan's Western Himalayan Temperate coniferous, Sub-tropical broadleaved evergreen thorn (Scrub) and Riverine forests for biodiversity conservation, mitigation of climate change and securing of forest ecosystem services. In particular, it aims at implementation of three inter-related and mutually complementary components that are focussed at addressing the barriers of inadequate planning, regulatory and institutional frameworks to integrated forest resource
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan
    NEPA Biodiversity Profile of Afghanistan An Output of the National Capacity Needs Self-Assessment for Global Environment Management (NCSA) for Afghanistan June 2008 United Nations Environment Programme Post-Conflict and Disaster Management Branch First published in Kabul in 2008 by the United Nations Environment Programme. Copyright © 2008, United Nations Environment Programme. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Environment Programme Darulaman Kabul, Afghanistan Tel: +93 (0)799 382 571 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org DISCLAIMER The contents of this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of UNEP, or contributory organizations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Unless otherwise credited, all the photos in this publication have been taken by the UNEP staff. Design and Layout: Rachel Dolores
    [Show full text]