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Arachnida, Solifugae) with Special Focus on Functional Analyses and Phylogenetic Interpretations
HISTOLOGY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SOLIFUGES Comparative studies of organ systems of solifuges (Arachnida, Solifugae) with special focus on functional analyses and phylogenetic interpretations HISTOLOGIE UND ULTRASTRUKTUR DER SOLIFUGEN Vergleichende Studien an Organsystemen der Solifugen (Arachnida, Solifugae) mit Schwerpunkt auf funktionellen Analysen und phylogenetischen Interpretationen I N A U G U R A L D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von Anja Elisabeth Klann geboren am 28.November 1976 in Bremen Greifswald, den 04.06.2009 Dekan ........................................................................................................Prof. Dr. Klaus Fesser Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Gerd Alberti Erster Gutachter .......................................................................................... Zweiter Gutachter ........................................................................................Prof. Dr. Romano Dallai Tag der Promotion ........................................................................................15.09.2009 Content Summary ..........................................................................................1 Zusammenfassung ..........................................................................5 Acknowledgments ..........................................................................9 1. Introduction ............................................................................ -
Onychophora, Peripatidae) Feeding on a Theraphosid Spider (Araneae, Theraphosidae)
2009. The Journal of Arachnology 37:116–117 SHORT COMMUNICATION First record of an onychophoran (Onychophora, Peripatidae) feeding on a theraphosid spider (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Sidclay C. Dias and Nancy F. Lo-Man-Hung: Museu Paraense Emı´lio Goeldi, Laborato´rio de Aracnologia, C.P. 399, 66017-970, Bele´m, Para´, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. A velvet worm (Peripatus sp., Peripatidae) was observed and photographed while feeding on a theraphosid spider, Hapalopus butantan (Pe´rez-Miles, 1998). The present note is the first report of an onychophoran feeding on ‘‘giant’’ spider. Keywords: Prey behavior, velvet worm, spider Onychophorans, or velvet worms, are organisms whose behavior on the floor forests (pers. obs.). Onychophorans are capable of preying remains poorly understood due to their cryptic lifestyle (New 1995) on animals their own size, although the quantity of glue used in an attack and by the fact they are rare in the Neotropics (Mcglynn & Kelley increases up to about 80% of the total capacity for larger prey (Read & 1999). Consequently reports on hitherto unknown aspects of the Hughes 1987). It may be that encounters with larger prey items, such as biology and life history of onychophorans are urgently needed. that observed by us, are more common than previously supposed. Onychophorans are almost all carnivores that prey on small invertebrates such as snails, isopods, earth worms, termites, and other ACKNOWLEDGMENTS small insects (Hamer et al. 1997). They are widely distributed in Thanks to G. Machado (USP), T.A. Gardner (Universidade southern hemisphere temperate regions and in the tropics (Reinhard Federal de Lavras), and C.A. -
Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lincoln University Research Archive Bio-Protection & Ecology Division Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal Mike Bowie Lincoln University Wildlife Management Report No. 47 ISSN: 1177‐6242 ISBN: 978‐0‐86476‐222‐1 Lincoln University Wildlife Management Report No. 47 Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal Mike Bowie Bio‐Protection and Ecology Division P.O. Box 84 Lincoln University [email protected] Prepared for: Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Trust October 2008 Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal 1. Introduction Rotokare Scenic Reserve is situated 12 km east of Eltham, South Taranaki, and is a popular recreation area for boating, walking and enjoying the scenery. The reserve consists of 230 ha of forested hill country, including a 17.8 ha lake and extensive wetland. Lake Rotokare is within the tribal area of the Ngati Ruanui and Ngati Tupaea people who used the area to collect food. Mature forested areas provide habitat for many birds including the fern bird (Sphenoeacus fulvus) and spotless crake (Porzana tabuensis), while the banded kokopu (Galaxias fasciatus) and eels (Anguilla australis schmidtii and Anguilla dieffenbachii) are found in streams and the lake, and the gold‐striped gecko (Hoplodactylus chrysosireticus) in the flax margins. In 2004 a broad group of users of the reserve established the Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Trust with the following mission statements: “To achieve the highest possible standard of pest control/eradication with or without a pest‐proof fence and to achieve a mainland island” “To have due regard for recreational users of Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve” The Trust has raised funds and erected a predator exclusion fence around the 8.4 km reserve perimeter. -
Onychophorology, the Study of Velvet Worms
Uniciencia Vol. 35(1), pp. 210-230, January-June, 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.35-1.13 www.revistas.una.ac.cr/uniciencia E-ISSN: 2215-3470 [email protected] CC: BY-NC-ND Onychophorology, the study of velvet worms, historical trends, landmarks, and researchers from 1826 to 2020 (a literature review) Onicoforología, el estudio de los gusanos de terciopelo, tendencias históricas, hitos e investigadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisión de la Literatura) Onicoforologia, o estudo dos vermes aveludados, tendências históricas, marcos e pesquisadores de 1826 a 2020 (Revisão da Literatura) Julián Monge-Nájera1 Received: Mar/25/2020 • Accepted: May/18/2020 • Published: Jan/31/2021 Abstract Velvet worms, also known as peripatus or onychophorans, are a phylum of evolutionary importance that has survived all mass extinctions since the Cambrian period. They capture prey with an adhesive net that is formed in a fraction of a second. The first naturalist to formally describe them was Lansdown Guilding (1797-1831), a British priest from the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent. His life is as little known as the history of the field he initiated, Onychophorology. This is the first general history of Onychophorology, which has been divided into half-century periods. The beginning, 1826-1879, was characterized by studies from former students of famous naturalists like Cuvier and von Baer. This generation included Milne-Edwards and Blanchard, and studies were done mostly in France, Britain, and Germany. In the 1880-1929 period, research was concentrated on anatomy, behavior, biogeography, and ecology; and it is in this period when Bouvier published his mammoth monograph. -
An Approach Towards a Modern Monograph
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Berichte des naturwissenschaftlichen-medizinischen Verein Innsbruck Jahr/Year: 1992 Band/Volume: S10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Ruhberg Hilke Artikel/Article: "Peripatus" - an Approach towards a Modern Monograph. 441- 458 ©Naturwiss. med. Ver. Innsbruck, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Ber. nat.-med. Verein Innsbruck Suppl. 10 S. 441 - 458 Innsbruck, April 1992 8th International Congress of Myriapodology, Innsbruck, Austria, July 15 - 20, 1990 "Peripatus" — an Approach towards a Modern Monograph by' Hilke RUHBERG Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Abi. Entomologie, Martin-Luther-King Pfalz 3, D-2000 Hamburg 13 Abstract: What is a modern monograph? The problem is tackled on the basis of a discussion of the compli- cated taxonomy of Onychophora. At first glance the phylum presents a very uniform phenotype, which led to the popular taxonomic use of the generic name "Peripatus" for all representatives of the group. The first description of an onychophoran, as an "aberrant mollusc", was published in 1826 by GUILDING: To date, about 100 species have been described, and Australian colleagues (BRISCOE & TAIT, in prep.), using al- lozyme electrophoretic techniques, have discovered large numbers of genetically isolated populations of as yet un- described Peripatopsidae. The taxonomic hislory is reviewed in brief. Following the principles of SIMPSON, MAYR, HENNIG and others, selected taxonomic characters are discussed and evaluated. Questions arise such as: how can the pioneer classification (sensu SEDGWICK, POCOCK, and BOUVIER) be improved? New approaches towards a modern monographic account are considered, including the use of SEM and TEM and biochemical methods. -
Extensive and Evolutionary Persistent Mitochondrial Trna Editing in Velvet Worms (Phylum Onychophora) Romulo Segovia Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2010 Extensive and evolutionary persistent mitochondrial tRNA editing in velvet worms (Phylum Onychophora) Romulo Segovia Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Segovia, Romulo, "Extensive and evolutionary persistent mitochondrial tRNA editing in velvet worms (Phylum Onychophora)" (2010). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11865. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/11865 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Extensive and evolutionary persistent mitochondrial tRNA editing in velvet worms (Phylum Onychophora) by Romulo Segovia A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major: Genetics Program of Study Committee: Dennis Lavrov, Major Professor Lyric Bartholomay Bing Yang Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2010 Copyright © Romulo Segovia, 2010. All rights reserved. ii Dedicated to My parents, Romulo Segovia and Alejandrina Ugarte, my family, my friends, and my support iii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi ABSTRACT -
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 65, NUMBER 1 The Present Distribution of the Onychophora, a Group of Terrestrial Invertebrates BY AUSTIN H. CLARK (Publication 2319) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION JANUARY 4, 1915 Z$t £orb Qgattimovt (preee BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. THE PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF THE ONYCHOPHORA, A GROUP OF TERRESTRIAL INVERTEBRATES. By AUSTIN H. CLARK CONTENTS Preface I The onychophores apparently an ancient type 2 The physical and ecological distribution of the onychophores 2 The thermal distribution of the onychophores 3 General features of the distribution of the onychophores 3 The distribution of the Peripatidae 5 Explanation of the distribution of the Peripatidae 5 The distribution of the American species of the Peripatidae 13 The distribution of the Peripatopsidae 17 The distribution of the species, genera and higher groups of the ony- chophores in detail 20 PREFACE A close study of the geographical distribution of almost any class of animals emphasizes certain features which are obscured, or some- times entirely masked, in the geographical distribution of other types, and it is therefore essential, if we would lay a firm foundation for zoogeographical generalizations, that the details of the distribution of all types should be carefully examined. Not only do the different classes of animals vary in the details of their relationships to the present land masses and their subdivisions, but great diversity is often found between families of the same order, and even between genera of the same family. Particularly is this true of nocturnal as contrasted with related diurnal types. As a group the onychophores have been strangely neglected by zoologists. -
The Conservation Status of Costa Rican Velvet Worms (Onychophora): Geographic Pattern, Risk Assessment and Comparison with New Zealand Velvet Worms
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms Bernal Morera-Brenes1, Julián Monge-Nájera2 & Paola Carrera Mora1 1. Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Genética y Evolución (LabSGE), Laboratorio de Sistemática, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-4265 [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7534-6511 2. Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana, 2050 San José, Costa Rica; [email protected], http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7764-2966 Received 07-XII-2018 • Corrected 16-III-2019 • Accepted 01-IV-2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22458/urj.v11i3.2262 ABSTRACT: Introduction: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an RESUMEN: “Estado de conservación en Costa Rica de gusanos de ter- important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charis- ciopelo (Onychophora): patrones geográficos, evaluación del riesgo matic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they y comparación con onicóforos de Nueva Zelanda”. Introducción: Las have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms especies carismáticas, como el panda, desempeñan un papel impor- in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess tante en la conservación, y los gusanos de terciopelo posiblemente their conservation status in Costa Rica (according to data in the UNA sean gusanos carismáticos. Gracias a su extraordinario mecanismo de Onychophora Database) and compare it with equivalent data from caza, han inspirado a una banda de rock femenina en Japón, gusanos elsewhere. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 spe- de origami en Rusia y monstruos de videojuegos en los Estados Unidos. -
Onychophora: Peripatidae)
A new giant species of placented worm and the mechanism by which onychophorans weave their nets (Onychophora: Peripatidae) Bernal Morera-Brenes1,2 & Julián Monge-Nájera3 1. Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica; [email protected] 2. Centro de Investigaciones en Estructuras Microscópicas (CIEMIC), Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060 San José, Costa Rica. 3. Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica; [email protected], julian- [email protected] Received 17-II-2010. Corrected 20-VI-2010. Accepted 22-VII-2010. Abstract: Onychophorans, or velvet worms, are poorly known and rare animals. Here we report the discovery of a new species that is also the largest onychophoran found so far, a 22cm long female from the Caribbean coastal forest of Costa Rica. Specimens were examined with Scanning Electron Microscopy; Peripatus solorzanoi sp. nov., is diagnosed as follows: primary papillae convex and conical with rounded bases, with more than 18 scale ranks. Apical section large, spherical, with a basal diameter of at least 20 ranks. Apical piece with 6-7 scale ranks. Outer blade 1 principal tooth, 1 accessory tooth, 1 vestigial accessory tooth (formula: 1/1/1); inner blade 1 principal tooth, 1 accessory tooth, 1 rudimentary accessory tooth, 9 to 10 denticles (formula: 1/1/1/9-10). Accessory tooth blunt in both blades. Four pads in the fourth and fifth oncopods; 4th. pad arched. The previ- ously unknown mechanism by which onychophorans weave their adhesive is simple: muscular action produces a swinging movement of the adhesive-spelling organs; as a result, the streams cross in mid air, weaving the net. -
Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
Arthropod Structure & Development 41 (2012) 483e493 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Early development in the velvet worm Euperipatoides kanangrensis Reid 1996 (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae) Bo Joakim Eriksson a,c,*, Noel N. Tait b a Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3EJ Cambridge, United Kingdom b Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 NSW, Australia c Department of Neurobiology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria article info abstract Article history: We present here a description of early development in the onychophoran Euperipatoides kanangrensis Received 14 October 2011 with emphasis on processes that are ambiguously described in older literature. Special focus has been on Received in revised form the pattern of early cleavage, blastoderm and germinal disc development and gastrulation. The formation 11 February 2012 of the blastopore, stomodeum and proctodeum is described from sectioned material using light and Accepted 29 February 2012 transmission electron microscopy as well as whole-mount material stained for nuclei and gene expression. The early cleavages were found to be superficial, contrary to earlier descriptions of cleavage Keywords: in yolky, ovoviviparous onychophorans. Also, contrary to earlier descriptions, the embryonic anterior- Onychophora Embryonic development posterior axis is not predetermined in the egg. Our data support the view of a blastopore that Cleavage becomes elongated and slit-like, resembling some of the earliest descriptions. From gene expression Blastopore data, we concluded that the position of the proctodeum is the most posterior pit in the developing Gastrulation embryo. This description of early development adds to our knowledge of the staging of embryonic Proctodeum development in onychophorans necessary for studies on the role of developmental changes in evolution. -
Tardigrada, Onychophora, HMNH Arthropods
Lab 9: Tardigrada, Onychophora OEB 51 Lab 9: Tardigrada, Onychophora, HMNH Arthropods 13 April 2016 HMNH Exhibit on Arthropod Diversity For this segment of the lab, we will take advantage of the side-by-side layout and the enormous arthropod diversity presented here. As you explore the exhibit, consider the following questions – which will also be useful as a review/study guide for the final exam. Discuss in small groups. • In what ways is the wall phylogeny of the arthropods in strong or potential disagreement with our current understanding of arthropod relationships? • Describe the tagmosis of the major arthropod clades – i.e., into how many regions is the body divided, and what is the name and major function of each tagma in this clade? For crustaceans, you may choose a decapod as your “idealized” form. 1 Lab 9: Tardigrada, Onychophora OEB 51 • Which of the major arthropod clades are well adapted to land, and how do they differ in their adaptations to terrestriality with respect to aquatic ones? Consider respiratory, locomotory and excretory systems. Are there groups that were more successful on land than others? Why? • Distinguish between biramous and uniramous limbs in theoretical terms, and give specific real examples of each. What, functionally, is the utility of a biramous appendage? Why do few terrestrial arthropods possess biramous appendages? 2 Lab 9: Tardigrada, Onychophora OEB 51 • Compare the anterior segments of the major arthropod groups and explain their homology. Also describe the relationship between the three anterior-most pairs of ganglia and the appendages they innervate in each group. • Briefly describe ecdysis in terms of the physiological and the physical processes. -
Onychophora (ZOOA CC-2-3-TH) Introduction
Onychophora (ZOOA CC-2-3-TH) Introduction - Onychophorans or velvet worms are carnivorous, terrestrial invertebrates, which inhabit tropical and temperate forests of the southern hemisphere and around the equator, where they are mainly found in rotted logs and leaf litter (Ruhberg 1985, Reid 1996, Mayer 2007, Oliveira et al. 2012a). So far, about 200 species of Onychophora have been described (Mayer and Oliveira 2011, 2013, Oliveira et al. 2012a, 2013a). They are classified in two major subgroups, the Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae, which diverged prior to the break-up of Gondwana over 175 million years ago (Hamer et al. 1997, Allwood et al. 2010, Braband et al. 2010, Jeffery et al. 2012, Mayer and Oliveira 2013, Murienne et al. 2014). Onychophorans have a typical worm- shaped body with 13–43 pairs of stumpy, unjointed legs (= lobopods), the number of which varies inter- or intra-specifically (Ruhberg 1985, Reid 1996, Oliveira et al. 2012a, 2012b). The anterior-most limbs have been modified to three pairs of specialized cephalic appendages: the sensory antennae, the jaws situated within the mouth cavity, and the slime papillae, which are used for defence and prey capture (Manton and Heatley 1937, Read and Hughes 1987, Storch and Ruhberg 1993, Mayer et al. 2010, Oliveira and Mayer 2013). Onychophorans are predators that use a sticky slime secretion produced in large glands and ejected via the slime papillae to entangle the prey, such as crickets and other small invertebrates (Manton and Heatley 1937, Lavallard and campiglia 1971, Ruhberg and Storch 1977, Read and Hughes 1987, Baer and Mayer 2012). After the prey has been immobilized using the glue-like slime, its cuticle is punctured with the jaws and digestive saliva is injected into its body (Manton and Heatley 1937, Baer and Mayer 2012).