Studies of Laboulbeniales on Myrmica Ants (IV): Host-Related Diversity and Thallus Distribution Patterns of Rickia Wasmannii
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Fungi-Insect Symbiosis Laboulbeniomycetes
Important Dates zDecember 6th – Last lecture. zDecember 12th – Study session at 2:30? Where? Fungi-Insect zDecember 13th – Final Exam: 12:00-2:00 Symbiosis Fungi-Insect Symbiosis Fungi-Insect Symbiosis zMany examples of fungi-insect zMany examples of fungi-insect symbiosis. symbiosis (continue). zCover the following examples zInsects that cultivate fungi: Laboulbeniomycetes – Class of Attine Ants Ascomycota. Mostly on insects. Septobasidium –Genus of Mound Building Termites Basidiomycota Ambrosia Beetles Laboulbeniomycetes Laboulbeniomycetes zAscocarps occur on very specific zVery poorly known example. localities in some species: zRelationship between fungi and insects unclear. One species parasitic? Species of this fungus probably occurs on all insects Fungus is a member of Ascomycota zRickia dendroiuli Only found on forelegs of millipedes 1 Rickia dendroiuli Rickia dendroiuli Mature ascocarp zLow magnification showing three ascocarps zHigh magnification showing two ascocarps, as seen through the microscope. left is mature Laboulbeniomycetes Laboulbeniomycetes zIn some species specific localities zVariations were based on mating habit misleading. For example: of insects involved. In some insects, “species A” may have ascocarps arising only on front, upper pair of legs of males However, “Species A” have ascocarps arising only on the back, lower pair of legs of females of same insect species. Peyritschiella protea Peyritschiella protea zAscocarps not zHigh magnification always in specific of ascocarps and localities. ascospores. ascocarps and ascospores 2 Stigmatomyces majewski Stigmatomyces majewskii zLow and high z Ascocarps occur magnification mostly on of ascocarps. segment. zNote one on wing. Laboulbenia cristata Laboulbenia cristata zAscocarps occur on zHigh magnification middle segment of ascocarp with legs. ascospores. SeptobasidiuSeptobasidiumm SeptobasidiuSeptobasidiumm zGenus of Basidiomycota that forms a zMore examples: symbiotic relationship with scale insects. -
Studies of the Laboulbeniomycetes: Diversity, Evolution, and Patterns of Speciation
Studies of the Laboulbeniomycetes: Diversity, Evolution, and Patterns of Speciation The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40049989 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA ! STUDIES OF THE LABOULBENIOMYCETES: DIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, AND PATTERNS OF SPECIATION A dissertation presented by DANNY HAELEWATERS to THE DEPARTMENT OF ORGANISMIC AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Biology HARVARD UNIVERSITY Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2018 ! ! © 2018 – Danny Haelewaters All rights reserved. ! ! Dissertation Advisor: Professor Donald H. Pfister Danny Haelewaters STUDIES OF THE LABOULBENIOMYCETES: DIVERSITY, EVOLUTION, AND PATTERNS OF SPECIATION ABSTRACT CHAPTER 1: Laboulbeniales is one of the most morphologically and ecologically distinct orders of Ascomycota. These microscopic fungi are characterized by an ectoparasitic lifestyle on arthropods, determinate growth, lack of asexual state, high species richness and intractability to culture. DNA extraction and PCR amplification have proven difficult for multiple reasons. DNA isolation techniques and commercially available kits are tested enabling efficient and rapid genetic analysis of Laboulbeniales fungi. Success rates for the different techniques on different taxa are presented and discussed in the light of difficulties with micromanipulation, preservation techniques and negative results. CHAPTER 2: The class Laboulbeniomycetes comprises biotrophic parasites associated with arthropods and fungi. -
First Record of Hesperomyces Virescens (Laboulbeniales
Acta Mycologica DOI: 10.5586/am.1071 SHORT COMMUNICATION Publication history Received: 2016-02-05 Accepted: 2016-04-25 First record of Hesperomyces virescens Published: 2016-05-05 (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) on Harmonia Handling editor Tomasz Leski, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of axyridis (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) in Sciences, Poland Poland Authors’ contributions MG and MT collected and examined the material; all authors contributed to Michał Gorczak*, Marta Tischer, Julia Pawłowska, Marta Wrzosek manuscript preparation Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-048 Warsaw, Poland Funding * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] This study was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under grant No. DI2014012344. Abstract Competing interests Hesperomyces virescens Thaxt. is a fungal parasite of coccinellid beetles. One of its No competing interests have hosts is the invasive harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas). We present the been declared. first records of this combination from Poland. Copyright notice Keywords © The Author(s) 2016. This is an Open Access article distributed harlequin ladybird; invasive species; ectoparasitic fungi under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits redistribution, commercial and non- commercial, provided that the article is properly cited. Citation Introduction Gorczak M, Tischer M, Pawłowska J, Wrzosek M. First Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) is a ladybird of Asiatic origin considered invasive in Eu- record of Hesperomyces virescens (Laboulbeniales, Ascomycota) rope, Africa, and both Americas [1]. One of its natural enemies is Hesperomyces vire- on Harmonia axyridis scens Thaxt., an obligatory biotrofic fungal ectoparasite of the order Laboulbeniales. (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera) This combination was described for the first time in Ohio, USA in 20022 [ ] and soon in Poland. -
Co-Invasion of the Ladybird Harmonia Axyridis and Its Parasites Hesperomyces Virescens Fungus and Parasitylenchus Bifurcatus
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/390898; this version posted August 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Co-invasion of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis and its parasites Hesperomyces virescens fungus and 2 Parasitylenchus bifurcatus nematode to the Caucasus 3 4 Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja1*, Sergei E. Spiridonov2, Natalia N. Butorina2, Andrzej O. Bieńkowski2 5 6 1 Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 7 2A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 8 * Corresponding author (MOB) 9 E-mail: [email protected] 10 11 Short title: Co-invasion of Harmonia axyridis and its parasites to the Caucasus 12 13 Abstract 14 Study of parasites in recently established populations of invasive species can shed lite on sources of 15 invasion and possible indirect interactions of the alien species with native ones. We studied parasites of 16 the global invader Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Caucasus. In 2012 the first 17 established population of H. axyridis was recorded in the Caucasus in Sochi (south of European Russia, 18 Black sea coast). By 2018 the ladybird has spread to the vast territory: Armenia, Georgia and south 19 Russia: Adygea, Krasnodar territory, Stavropol territory, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria and North 20 Ossetia. Examination of 213 adults collected in Sochi in 2018 have shown that 53% of them are infested 21 with Hesperomyces virescens fungi (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) and 8% with Parasitylenchus 22 bifurcatus nematodes (Nematoda: Tylenchida, Allantonematidae). -
New and Interesting <I>Laboulbeniales</I> From
ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2014. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/129.439 Volume 129(2), pp. 439–454 October–December 2014 New and interesting Laboulbeniales from southern and southeastern Asia D. Haelewaters1* & S. Yaakop2 1Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. 2Faculty of Science & Technology, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Two new species of Laboulbenia from the Philippines are described and illustrated: Laboulbenia erotylidarum on an erotylid beetle (Coleoptera, Erotylidae) and Laboulbenia poplitea on Craspedophorus sp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae). In addition, we present ten new records of Laboulbeniales from several countries in southern and southeastern Asia on coleopteran hosts. These are Blasticomyces lispini from Borneo (Indonesia), Cantharomyces orientalis from the Philippines, Dimeromyces rugosus on Leiochrodes sp. from Sumatra (Indonesia), Laboulbenia anoplogenii on Clivina sp. from India, L. cafii on Remus corallicola from Singapore, L. satanas from the Philippines, L. timurensis on Clivina inopaca from Papua New Guinea, Monoicomyces stenusae on Silusa sp. from the Philippines, Ormomyces clivinae on Clivina sp. from India, and Peyritschiella princeps on Philonthus tardus from Lombok (Indonesia). Key words — Ascomycota, insect-associated fungi, morphology, museum collection study, Roland Thaxter, taxonomy Introduction One group of microscopic insect-associated parasitic fungi, the order Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota, Pezizomycotina, Laboulbeniomycetes), is perhaps the most intriguing and yet least studied of all entomogenous fungi. Laboulbeniales are obligate parasites on invertebrate hosts, which include insects (mainly beetles and flies), millipedes, and mites. -
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infecties met platwrat AEGERITELLA TUBERCULATA op schubmieren (formicidae: formicinae) Peter Boer & Jinze Noordijk Mieren kunnen geïnfecteerd zijn met specifieke schimmels, zoals die van het genus Aegeritella. Platwrat Aegiterella tuberculata was uit de literatuur bekend van 12 mierensoorten uit Europa en één uit Noord-Amerika. In Nederland troffen wij tot nu toe zes soorten aan met deze infectie, waarvan Lasius alienus en Formica exsecta hier als nieuwe gastheer worden gemeld. Bovendien kregen we Grieks materiaal onder ogen, waaruit bleek dat platwrat ook aanwezig is op de invasieve exoot Lasius neglectus. Het aantal bekende gastheren komt daarmee op 16. Ectoparasitaire schimmels op mieren worden nauwelijks onderzocht en er is ongetwijfeld nog veel te ontdekken aan de waardsoorten, de verspreiding en de mogelijke nadelige effecten op mieren. schimmels op mieren schoonvegen met antibiotische uitscheidings- Mieren hebben een goed werkend afweersysteem producten uit de metapleurale klieren (Beattie voor allerlei ziekmakende bacteriën en schimmels. et al. 1986). Ongerechtigheden zoals bijvoorbeeld Dat komt doordat ze zichzelf en elkaar likken en schimmelsporen worden in een holte voor in de Figuur 1. Werkster van Lasius umbratus met infectie van Aegeritella tuberculata. Posterholt (Holst, Limburg), .vi.2013, leg. Jinze Noordijk. Foto Theodoor Heijerman. Figure 1. Worker of Lasius umbratus with infection of Aegeritella tuberculata. Posterholt (Holst, province of Limburg, the Netherlands), .vi.2013, leg. Jinze Noordijk. Photo Theodoor Heijerman. boer & noordijk ‒ platwrat op schubmieren Figuur 2. Werkster van Formica polyctena met infectie van Aegeritella superficialis. Oranje Nassau’s Oord (Wageningen, Gelderland), 16.iii.2014, leg. Theodoor Heijerman. Foto Theodoor Heijerman. Figure 2. Worker of Formica polyctena with infection of Aegeritella superficialis. -
Bizarre New Species Discovered... on Twitter 15 May 2020
Bizarre new species discovered... on Twitter 15 May 2020 Together with colleague Henrik Enghoff, she discovered several specimens of the same fungus on a few of the American millipedes in the Natural History Museum's enormous collection—fungi that had never before been documented. This confirmed the existence of a previously unknown species of Laboulbeniales—an order of tiny, bizarre and largely unknown fungal parasites that attack insects and millipedes. The newly discovered parasitic fungus has now been given its official Latin name, Troglomyces twitteri. SoMe meets museum Ana Sofia Reboleira points out that the discovery is The photo shared on Twitter of the millipede Cambala by an example of how sharing information on social Derek Hennen. The two red circles indicate the presence media can result in completely unexpected results: of the fungus. Credit: Derek Hennen "As far as we know, this is the first time that a new species has been discovered on Twitter. It highlights the importance of these platforms for While many of us use social media to be tickled sharing research—and thereby being able to silly by cat videos or wowed by delectable cakes, achieve new results. I hope that it will motivate others use them to discover new species. Included professional and amateur researchers to share in the latter group are researchers from the more data via social media. This is something that University of Copenhagen's Natural History has been increasingly obvious during the Museum of Denmark. Indeed, they just found a coronavirus crisis, a time when so many are new type of parasitic fungus via Twitter. -
Harmonia Axyridis
REVIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 110(4): 549–557, 2013 http://www.eje.cz/pdfs/110/4/549 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as a host of the parasitic fungus Hesperomyces virescens (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales, Laboulbeniaceae): A case report and short review PIOTR CERYNGIER1 and KAMILA TWARDOWSKA2 1 Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Phytopathology and Entomology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawochenskiego 17, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales, Hesperomyces virescens, Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridis, host-parasite association, novel host, range shift, host suitability, Acari, Podapolipidae, Coccipolipus hippodamiae, Nematoda, Allantonematidae, Parasitylenchus Abstract. Hesperomyces virescens is an ectoparasite of some Coccinellidae, which until the mid-1990s was relatively rarely only reported from warm regions in various parts of the world. Analysis of the host and distribution data of H. virescens recorded in the Western Palaearctic and North America reveals several trends in the occurrence and abundance of H. virescens: (1) it has recently been much more frequently recorded, (2) most of the recent records are for more northerly (colder) localities than the early records and (3) the recent records are mostly of a novel host, the invasive harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis). While in North America H. virescens is almost exclusively found on H. axyridis, all European records of this association are very recent and still less numerous than records of Adalia bipunctata as a host. -
Laboulbeniomycetes, Eni... Historyâ
Laboulbeniomycetes, Enigmatic Fungi With a Turbulent Taxonomic History☆ Danny Haelewaters, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Universidad Autónoma ̌ de Chiriquí, David, Panama; and University of South Bohemia, Ceské Budejovice,̌ Czech Republic Michał Gorczak, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland Patricia Kaishian, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States and State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, United States André De Kesel, Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium Meredith Blackwell, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States and University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States r 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. From Roland Thaxter to the Present: Synergy Among Mycologists, Entomologists, Parasitologists Laboulbeniales were discovered in the middle of the 19th century, rather late in mycological history (Anonymous, 1849; Rouget, 1850; Robin, 1852, 1853; Mayr, 1853). After their discovery and eventually their recognition as fungi, occasional reports increased species numbers and broadened host ranges and geographical distributions; however, it was not until the fundamental work of Thaxter (1896, 1908, 1924, 1926, 1931), who made numerous collections but also acquired infected insects from correspondents, that the Laboulbeniales became better known among mycologists and entomologists. Thaxter set the stage for progress by describing a remarkable number of taxa: 103 genera and 1260 species. Fewer than 25 species of Pyxidiophora in the Pyxidiophorales are known. Many have been collected rarely, often described from single collections and never encountered again. They probably are more common and diverse than known collections indicate, but their rapid development in hidden habitats and difficulty of cultivation make species of Pyxidiophora easily overlooked and, thus, underreported (Blackwell and Malloch, 1989a,b; Malloch and Blackwell, 1993; Jacobs et al., 2005; Gams and Arnold, 2007). -
Fungi of the Bitterfeld Amber Forest
54 EDGG, Heft 249 – Bitterfelder Bernstein –Exkursionsführer Schmidt, A. R., Dörfelt, H., Grabenhorst, H., Tuovila, H. & Rikkinen, J. (2013): Fungi of the Bitterfeld amber forest. – Exkurs.f. und Veröfftl. DGG, 249: S. 54-60, 13 Abb.; Hannover. Fungi of the Bitterfeld amber forest Alexander R. Schmidt1, Heinrich Dörfelt2, Heinrich Grabenhorst3, Hanna Tuovila4, Jouko Rikkinen4 1 Courant Research Centre Geobiology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany, [email protected] 2 Mikrobielle Phytopathologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 25, D-07743 Jena, Germany, Heinrich. [email protected] 3 Nachtigallenweg 9, D-29342 Wienhausen, Germany, [email protected] 4 Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, [email protected], jrik- [email protected] Summary Fossilien bestehen aus dunklen kettenartigen Fila- menten, die denen von Vertretern der Gattung Meta- Fungi have only rarely been reported from Bitterfeld capnodium ähneln, jedoch aus septierten Einheiten amber, and only four taxa, Chaenothecopsis bitter- aufgebaut sind. Ihr Wachstum erfolgt zudem nicht feldensis, Chaenothecopsis aff. proliferatus, Metacap- apikal sondern durch interkalare konidiogene Zellen. nodium succinum, and Stigmatomyces succini, have Die Beziehung der Fossilien zur rezenten Gattung been published, so far. This situation recently changed Torula Pers. bleibt aufgrund der Merkmalsarmut der due to the discovery of a plethora of new fungal inclu- Fossilien ungeklärt. sions from private amber collections which shows that fungi (including lichen-forming ascomycetes) from Bitterfelder Bernstein beherbergt den einzigen Nach- Bitterfeld amber are much more abundant than pre- weis der Klasse der Laboulbeniomyceten, einer hoch- viously recognized. Here, we provide an overview of spezialisierten Entwicklungslinie, die ektoparasitisch the systematics and ecological diversity of fungi that auf Arthropoden lebt. -
Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Canary Islands
VIERAEA Vol. 32 107-115 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, diciembre 2004 ISSN 0210-945X Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) of the Canary Islands ERIK ARNDT * & SERGI SANTAMARÍA** *Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Department LOEL, Strenzfelder Allee 28, D-06406 Bernburg, Germany. Correspondence address. *Unitat de Botànica, Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d’Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193-Bellaterra (Barcelona), SPAIN ARNDT, E. & S. SANTAMARÍA (2004). Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) de las islas Canarias. VIERAEA 32: 107-115. RESUMEN: Se presenta una lista con 23 especies y 8 géneros de Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota). Seis de ellas son primeras citas para las islas Canarias. La mayoría de las especies citadas infectan Carabidae (Coleoptera). Muchas de las especies de hospedantes (23) son endémicas, siendo sólo nueve las de hospedantes que también se encuentran fuera de la región Macaronésica. Los Carabidae, como familia más diversa de hospedantes, incluyen 21 especies endémicas y 6 de amplia distribución. Las pautas de distribución de Laboulbeniales dependen de dos factores ecológicos (humedad y biodiversidad de los hospedantes) que varían mucho entre las distintas islas. Palabras clave: Laboulbeniales, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Anthicidae, Blattaria, Ephydridae, islas Canarias. ABSTRACT: The list includes 23 species of Laboulbeniales (Ascomycota) in 8 genera. Six species are new for the Canary Islands. The majority of recorded species infests Carabidae (Coleoptera). Most host species (23) are endemic, only nine hosts also occur outside the Macaronesian region. There are 21 endemic and 6 widespread host species in the Carabidae as most diverse host family. The distribution pattern of Laboulbeniales corresponds with two ecological factors (moisture and host biodiversity respectively) which vary strongly between the different islands. -
A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi
mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,