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Cim 16510 2A Aids to Navigation Visual Signal this document downloaded from Terms and All of the information, data and computer software (“information”) presented on this web site is for Conditions general information only. While every effort will be of Use: made to insure its accuracy, this information should vulcanhammer.net not be used or relied on for any specific applica- Since 1997, your complete on- tion without independent, competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, line resource for information suitability and applicability by a licensed profes- sional. Anyone making use of this information geotecnical engineering and does so at his or her own risk and assumes any and all liability resulting from such use. deep foundations: The entire risk as to quality or usability of the information contained within The Wave Equation Page for is with the reader. In no event will this web page or webmaster be held Piling liable, nor does this web page or its webmaster provide insurance The historical site for Vulcan against liability, for any damages including lost profits, lost savings or Iron Works Inc. any other incidental or consequential damages arising from the use or Online books on all aspects inability to use the information of soil mechanics, founda- contained within. tions and marine construc- This site is not an official site of Prentice-Hall, Pile Buck, the Univer- tion sity of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Vulcan Foundation Equipment or Free general engineering Vulcan Iron Works Inc. (Tennessee Corporation). All references to and geotechnical software sources of software, equipment, parts, service or repairs do not And much more... constitute an endorsement Visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org Commandant 2100 Second Street, S.W. United States Coast Guard Washington, DC 20593-0001 G-SEC Phone: (202) 267-1907 COMDTNOTE 16510 OCTOBER 14, 2002 COMMANDANT NOTICE 16510 CANCELLED:OCT 14, 2003 Subj: CH-1 TO AIDS TO NAVIGATION VISUAL SIGNAL DESIGN MANUAL, COMDTINST M16510.2A 1. PURPOSE. This Notice promulgates changes to the Aids to Navigation Visual Signal Design Manual, COMDTINST M16510.2A. 2. ACTION. Area and district commanders, commanders of maintenance and logistic commands, commanding officers of headquarters units, assistant commandants for directorates, Chief Counsel and special staff offices at Headquarters shall ensure that the required changes are made to the Manual. 3. PROCEDURES. a. The change consists of two pages. Remove & insert the following pages: Remove Insert p 5-3/4 p 5-3/4 CH1 p 6-1/2 p 6-1/2 CH1 b. Units that have not received Aids to Navigation Visual Signal Design Manual, COMDTINST M16510.2A, but have received this change may requisition a copy of the manual from the Department of Transportation Warehouse in accordance with the Directives, Publications and Report Index, COMDTNOTE 5600. c. Paper copies will be distributed to commands that deal directly with aids to navigation. An electronic version of this change is available at http://isddc.dot.gov/. DISTRIBUTION – SDL No. 139 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z A 2 2 2 2 2 2 B 3 2 10 1 C 2 1 2 D 1 E F G H NON-STANDARD DISTRIBUTION: C:i Stations Burlington, St. Ignace and Channel Islands Harbor only (2 copies) COMDTNOTE 16510 4. SUMMARY OF CHANGES. Table 5-4 was revised to eliminate ambiguity in the values for the limits of intensity for a given nominal range, and Table 6-2 was revised to correct values of intensities for red and green lenses with 0.3 and 0.4 second contact closures. J. A. KINGHORN Assistant Commandant for Systems Encl: (1) Change 1 to the Aids to Navigation Visual Signal Design Manual 2 Commandant 2100 Second Street, S.W. United States Coast Guard Washington, DC 20593-0001 Staff Symbol: (G-SEC-2) Phone: (202) 267-1905 COMDTINST M16510.2A COMMANDANT INSTRUCTION M16510.2A Subj: AIDS TO NAVIGATION VISUAL SIGNAL DESIGN MANUAL 1. PURPOSE. This Manual discusses the theory of visual signaling, as it pertains to marine lighted aids to navigation, establishes step-by-step procedures for the selection and evaluation of signaling hardware, forwards the Allard's Law Computer Program, for automated evaluation of signaling hardware, and provides tabulated photometric data on Coast Guard optical systems used for lighted aids to navigation. 2. ACTION. Area and District Commanders, Commanders of Maintenance and Logistics Commands, Commanding Officers of Civil Engineering Units, Commanding Officers of Headquarters Units, Assistant Commandants for Directorates, Chief Counsel, and Special Staff Offices at Headquarters shall ensure that the provisions and guidance of this Manual on visual signal design are followed. 3. DIRECTIVES AFFECTED. Luminous Intensities of Aids to Navigation Lights, COMDTINST M16510.2, is canceled. 4. MAJOR CHANGES. This Manual replaces the Luminous Intensities of Aids to Navigation Lights Manual, and provides a more thorough discussion of the theory of visual signaling. The tabulated photometric data have been updated to reflect current standard optics and lamps. In addition, the new Allard's Law Computer Program provides an automated means to evaluate the effectiveness of selected signaling hardware. /s/ E. C. KARNIS Director of Engineering Table of Contents CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION........................................... 1-1 A. Purpose.................................................... 1-1 B. Background................................................. 1-1 C. Format and Content......................................... 1-1 D. Visual Range Definitions................................... 1-2 1. Calculated Ranges...................................... 1-2 2. Observed Range......................................... 1-3 E. Operational Range.......................................... 1-3 F. Caveats.................................................... 1-3 CHAPTER 2. THEORY OF VISUAL SIGNALING.............................. 2-1 A. Introduction............................................... 2-1 1. Signal Production...................................... 2-1 2. Signal Transmission.................................... 2-1 3. Signal Detection....................................... 2-1 4. Signal Evaluation...................................... 2-1 B. Luminous Intensities of Aids-to-Navigation Lights.......... 2-1 1. General................................................ 2-1 2. Light Sources.......................................... 2-1 3. Optical Systems........................................ 2-2 4. Measuring Luminous Intensity........................... 2-3 5. Effective Luminous Intensity versus Luminous Intensity. 2-3 C. Transmission of Light Through the Atmosphere............... 2-5 1. General................................................ 2-5 2. Meteorological Visibility and Transmissivity........... 2-5 3. Visibility and Transmissivity Data..................... 2-6 4. Inverse Square Law..................................... 2-6 D. Detection of a Light Signal................................ 2-7 1. Threshold of Illuminance............................... 2-7 2. Values of Threshold of Illuminance..................... 2-7 E. Evaluation of a Light Signal............................... 2-7 1. Allard's Law........................................... 2-7 2. Geographic Range....................................... 2-8 CHAPTER 3. SELECTING AN OPTICAL SYSTEM ........................... 3-1 A. Introduction............................................... 3-1 B. Aid Type and Optic Selection............................... 3-1 1. Lighted Buoys.......................................... 3-1 2. Fixed Minor Lights..................................... 3-1 3. Major Lights........................................... 3-2 4. Range Lights........................................... 3-3 C. Selection Procedures....................................... 3-4 D. Selection Procedures for Range Lights...................... 3-8 i CHAPTER 4. ALLARD'S LAW COMPUTER PROGRAM.......................... 4-1 A. Introduction............................................... 4-1 1. Program Description.................................... 4-1 2. Program Calculations................................... 4-1 3. Program Limitations.................................... 4-1 B. Program Operation.......................................... 4-1 C. Part 1: Find Effective Intensity Required to Meet Operational Need......................................... 4-1 1. Program Inputs......................................... 4-1 2. Visibility/Transmissivity Data......................... 4-2 3. Modifications.......................................... 4-2 4. Program Outputs........................................ 4-2 D. Part 2: Find Performance of Selected Optic................ 4-3 1. Lens/Lamp Combination.................................. 4-3 2. Aid Performance........................................ 4-3 CHAPTER 5. TABLES OF STANDARD DATA................................ 5-1 CHAPTER 6. EFFECTIVE LUMINOUS INTENSITIES OF OMNIDIRECTIONAL LANTERNS............................................... 6-1 CHAPTER 7. EFFECTIVE LUMINOUS INTENSITIES OF ROTATING BEACONS..... 7-1 CHAPTER 8. EFFECTIVE LUMINOUS INTENSITIES OF RANGE LANTERNS....... 8-1 APPENDIX A. VISIBILITY AND TRANSMISSIVITY VALUES.................. A-1 ALASKA.................................................... A-2 HAWAII.................................................... A-6 WEST COAST................................................ A-7 GREAT LAKES............................................... A-9 EAST COAST NORTH OF FLORIDA............................... A-11
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