A Possible Source of Aneuploidy in Cenchrus Ciliaris (Poaceae: Paniceae)
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Recognise the Important Grasses
Recognise the important grasses Desirable perennial grasses Black speargrass Heteropogon contortus - Birdwood buffel Cenchrus setiger Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris Cloncury buffel Cenchrus pennisetijormis Desert bluegrass Bothriochloa ewartiana - Forest bluegrass Bothriochloa bladhii - Giant speargrass Heteropogon triticeus - Gulf or curly bluegrass Dichanthiumjecundum - Indian couch Bothriochloa pertusa + Kangaroo grass Themeda triandra - Mitchell grass, barley Astrebla pectinata Mitchell grass, bull Astrebla squarrosa Mitchell grass, hoop Astrebla elymoides Plume sorghum Sorghum plumosum + Sabi grass Urochloa mosambicensis - Silky browntop Eulalia aurea (E. julva) - +" Wild rice Oryza australiensis Intermediate value grasses (perennials and annuals) Barbwire grass Cymbopogon rejractus Bottle washer or limestone grass Enneapogon polyphyllus + Early spring grass Eriochloa procera + Fire grass Schizachyrium spp. Flinders grass Iseilema spp. + Ribbon grass Chrysopogon jallax Liverseed Urochloa panico ides + Love grasses Eragrostis species + Pitted bluegrass Bothriochloa decipiens Annual sorghum Sorghum timorense Red natal grass Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum) + Rice grass Xerochloa imburbis Salt water couch Sporobolus virginicus Spinifex, soft Triodia pungens Spinifex, curly Triodia bitextusa (Plectrachne pungens) Spiny mud grass Pseudoraphis spinescens White grass Sehima nervosum Wanderrie grass Eriachne spp. Native millet Panicum decompositum + Annual and less desirable grasses Asbestos grass Pennisetum basedowii Button grass Dacty loctenium -
3 Invasive Species in the Sonoran Desert Region
3 Invasive Species in the Sonoran Desert Region 11 INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE SONORAN DESERT REGION Invasive species are altering the ecosystems of the Sonoran Desert Region. Native plants have been displaced resulting in radically different habitats and food for wildlife. Species like red brome and buffelgrass have become dense enough in many areas to carry fire in the late spring and early summer. Sonoran Desert plants such as saguaros, palo verdes and many others are not fire- adapted and do not survive these fires. The number of non-native species tends to be lowest in natural areas of the Sonoran Desert and highest in the most disturbed and degraded habitats. However, species that are unusually aggressive and well adapted do invade natural areas. In the mid 1900’s, there were approximately 146 non-native plant species (5.7% of the total flora) in the Sonoran Desert. Now non-natives comprise nearly 10% of the Sonoran Desert flora overall. In highly disturbed areas, the majority of species are frequently non-native invasives. These numbers continue to increase. It is crucial that we monitor, control, and eradicate invasive species that are already here. We must also consider the various vectors of dispersal for invasive species that have not yet arrived in Arizona, but are likely to be here in the near future. Early detection and reporting is vital to prevent the spread of existing invasives and keep other invasives from arriving and establishing. This is the premise of the INVADERS of the Sonoran Desert Region program at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. -
ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION, HABITAT LOSS and SPECIES DECLINE in ARID and SEMI-ARID AUSTRALIA DUE to the INVASION of BUFFEL GRASS (Cenchrus Ciliaris and C
THREAT ABATEMENT ADVICE FOR ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION, HABITAT LOSS AND SPECIES DECLINE IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID AUSTRALIA DUE TO THE INVASION OF BUFFEL GRASS (Cenchrus ciliaris AND C. pennisetiformis) This threat abatement advice reflects the best available information at the time of development (October 2014) Last updated April 2015 To provide information updates please email [email protected] Purpose The purpose of this threat abatement advice is to identify key actions and research to abate the threat of ecosystem degradation, habitat loss and species decline in arid and semi-arid Australia due to the invasion of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris and C. pennisetiformis1). Buffel grass comprises a suite of species and ecotypes native to Africa, Western and Southern Asia that are now rapidly colonising arid ecosystems in Australia. Abatement of this threat can help ensure the conservation of biodiversity assets including threatened species and ecological communities listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), Ramsar sites and properties on the World Heritage List. Other significant assets such as Indigenous cultural sites, state and territory listed assets and remnant vegetation would also be better protected. This advice provides information and guidance for stakeholders at national, state, regional and local levels. It suggests on-ground activities that can be implemented by local communities, natural resource management groups or interested individuals such as landholders. It also suggests actions that can be undertaken by government agencies, local councils, research organisations, industry bodies or non-government organisations. The intention of this advice is to highlight those actions considered through consultation to be of highest priority and which may be feasible, rather than to comprehensively list all actions which may abate the threat and impacts posed by buffel grass. -
REVISED DRAFT Round-Leaved Chaff Flower (Achyranthes Splendens Var
REVISED DRAFT Round-Leaved Chaff Flower (Achyranthes splendens var. rotundata) Habitat Conservation Plan Kenai Industrial Park Project Prepared for: Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources Applicant: CIRI Land Development Company 2525 C Street, Suite 500 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 Draft prepared by: AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 23049 Ualena Street, Suite 1100 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96819 Revisions and final document produced by: SWCA Environmental Consultants, Honolulu Office Bishop Square: ASB Tower 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2800 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96813 June 2013 REVISED DRAFT Round-Leaved Chaff Flower HCP; Kenai Industrial Park This page intentionally left blank 2013 SWCA Environmental Consultants REVISED DRAFT ROUND-LEAVED CHAFF FLOWER (ACHYRANTHES SPLENDENS VAR. ROTUNDATA) HABITAT CONSERVATION PLAN KENAI INDUSTRIAL PARK PROJECT PREPARED FOR: Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources APPLICANT: CIRI Land Development Company 2525 C Street, Suite 500 Anchorage, Alaska 99503 DRAFT PREPARED BY: AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Inc. 3049 Ualena Street, Suite 1100 Honolulu, HI. 96819 REVISIONS AND FINAL DOCUMENT PRODUCED BY: SWCA Environmental Consultants Honolulu Office Bishop Square: ASB Tower 1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2800 Honolulu, HI. 96813 June 2013 REVISED DRAFT Round-Leaved Chaff Flower HCP; Kenai Industrial Park This page intentionally left blank 2013 SWCA Environmental Consultants REVISED DRAFT Round-Leaved Chaff Flower HCP; Kenai Industrial Park TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT OVERVIEW............................................................................ -
State Buffel Grass Strategic Plan
SOUTH AUSTRALIA Buffel Grass Strategic Plan 2019–2024 1 Suggested citation: Biosecurity SA (2019) South Australia Buffel Grass Strategic Plan 2019–2024: A plan to reduce the weed threat of buffel grass in South Australia. Government of South Australia. Edited by: Troy Bowman, David Cooke and Ross Meffin, Biosecurity SA (Department of Primary Industries and Regions South Australia). Contributors: Tim Reynolds, Ben Shepherd (editors 2012 Strategic Plan). Mark Anderson, Brett Backhouse, Doug Bickerton, Troy Bowman, David Cooke, Dwayne Godfrey, Kym Haebich, Michaela Heinson, Paul Hodges, Amy Ide, Susan Ivory, Rob Langley, Glen Norris, Greg Patrick, John Read, Grant Roberts, Ellen Ryan-Colton, Andrea Schirner, Carolina Galindez Silva, Jarrod Spencer, Clint Taylor (Buffel Grass Taskforce). Cover photo: Dense buffel grass infested hills and plains near Umuwa, APY Lands, Troy Bowman, PIRSA Foreword Buffel grass can affect biodiversity, natural and cultural heritage, communities and infrastructure. Through changes in vegetation structure and the loss of native flora and fauna, it can transform rangeland landscapes. By degrading the environment it can threaten natural, Aboriginal and European cultural heritage; remote communities and infrastructure can be impacted through the increased risk of bushfire. South Australia took the lead in 2015 as the first jurisdiction in Australia to declare buffel grass under its weed management legislation. Our response to buffel grass in South Australia requires a delicate balance between its use as a pasture grass across state and territory boundaries, and the need to protect our environment, cultural landscapes and infrastructure. The South Australian Buffel Grass Strategic Plan for 2019–24 presents a coordinated statewide approach to buffel grass management, building on the success of the 2012–2017 plan and further developing the existing zoning scheme and management strategies. -
Genetic Diversification Among Populations of the Endangered Hawaiian Endemic Euphorbia Kuwaleana (Euphorbiaceae)
Genetic diversification among populations of the endangered Hawaiian endemic Euphorbia kuwaleana (Euphorbiaceae) By: Clifford W. Morden*, Troy Hiramoto, and Mitsuko Yorkston Abstract The Hawaiian Euphorbia is an assemblage of 17 species, seven of which are endangered and four others rare. Euphorbia kuwaleana is an endangered species of small shrubs restricted to three small populations in west O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. The species has declined to fewer than 1000 individuals largely due to habitat encroachment by alien plant species and the periodic fires that occur in the vicinity. Genetic variation was assessed among individuals in two populations to determine what impact small population size has had on genetic diversity within the species using RAPD markers. Results demonstrate that polymorphism within these populations is high (mean=82.5%), equal to or exceeding that of many other non-endangered Hawaiian species. Genetic similarities within (0.741) and among (0.716) populations, FST (0.072), and PCO analysis all indicate differentiation among the populations although in close geographical proximity (<1 km apart). Conservation efforts for this species should focus on protection of existing populations from eminent threats and the establishment of new populations in suitable habitats on O‘ahu. *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Pacific Science, vol. 68, no. 1 July 16, 2013 (Early view) Introduction The genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) is represented in Hawaii by 17 species from two separate colonizations. The C3 species, Euphorbia haeleeleana, is a tree with succulent stems and is closely related to the Australian succulent species E. plumerioides and E. sarcostemmoides (Zimmerman et al 2010). The other 16 species (previously in the genus Chamaesyce, now recognized as a subgenus of Euphorbia; Yang et al. -
Tools for Improved Management of Buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert
Tools for Improved Management of Buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Bean, Travis M. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 23/09/2021 16:27:35 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325503 TOOLS FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF BUFFELGRASS IN THE SONORAN DESERT by Travis Maclain Bean __________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2014 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Travis Bean, titled Tools for improved management of buffelgrass in the Sonoran Desert and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3 June 2014 Steven E. Smith _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3 June 2014 Martin M. Karpiscak _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 3 June 2014 Shirley -
Recent Invasion of Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris) of a Natural Protected Area from the Southern Sonoran Desert
Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 79: 385- 392, 2008 Recent invasion of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) of a natural protected area from the southern Sonoran Desert Invasión reciente de zacate buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris) en un área natural protegida del desierto sonorense Erick De la Barrera Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 27-3, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, México. Correspondent: [email protected] Abstract. The Centro Ecológico de Sonora is a natural protected area where the natural vegetation remained undisturbed at least until 1997. Since then, Cenchrus ciliaris has become a prominent element of the vegetation because of disturbance. Climate, soil properties, population structure and biological activity for C. ciliaris were studied to gain understanding of the ecological mechanisms that favored the invasion by this exotic grass. Mean air temperature and annual rainfall were 24.8°C and 302 mm. The soil was a loamy-sand that was poor in most nutrients, but particularly rich in phosphorus. Pennisetum ciliare was the most abundant species at the Centro Ecológico, representing over one third of total plant ground cover. Basal area for individual plants ranged from less than 1 cm2 to almost 1 m2. Living leaves per plant increased with precipitation, peaking at 199 leaves in March 2005, and no living leaves were found after 103 days without rain. The environmental conditions prevalent at Centro Ecológico are very favorable for C. ciliaris, whose establishment was apparently triggered by a major disturbance caused by the development of housing projects. Key words: El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), forage production, global change, Cenchrus ciliare, urban sprawl. -
Plant Composition and Structure of Two Post-Livestock Areas of Tamaulipan Thornscrub, Mexico Miguel A
Pequeño-Ledezma et al. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (2018) 91:4 Revista Chilena de https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-018-0074-9 Historia Natural RESEARCH Open Access Plant composition and structure of two post-livestock areas of Tamaulipan thornscrub, Mexico Miguel A. Pequeño-Ledezma1, Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez2, Víctor M. Molina-Guerra3, Arturo Mora-Olivo4* , Alejandro G. Alcalá-Rojas5, José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos4 and Fortunato Garza-Ocañas2 Abstract Background: The composition, structure and biological diversity of two regenerated areas after livestock activities in a Tamaulipan thornscrub vegetation from Northeast Mexico were evaluated. The regeneration of each area was evaluated with the establishment of 12 sampling sites of 50m2. From the data obtained ecological indexes such as: Importance Value Index and Diversity (alpha and beta) were evaluated. Results: A total of 17 families, 40 genera and 42 species were registered, the most representative family was Fabaceae with 11 spp. The intensive livestock area had 36 species; a Margalef index of 4.44 and a 1.24 Shannon index, while the extensive livestock area had 32 species, a Margalef index of 4.24 and a 2.16 Shannon index. The communities evaluated have a (48%) mean similarity. Conclusions: 1) Regenerated communities after livestock use showed higher richness of species and alpha diversity. 2) Evaluated communities have a mean similarity of (48%). 3) Even after 25 years of regeneration the most dominant species was Cenchrus ciliaris that is used for cattle forage. Keywords: Diversity, Livestock, Mexican scrubs, Plant regeneration, Shannon index Background areas with natural vegetation) to a gradual shifting to an in- Livestock activity represents 5% of the global gross domes- tensive form (small areas in where natural vegetation is re- tic product (GDP), almost 29% of the terrestrial surface cor- placed by grassland). -
Buffel Grass (Cenchrus Ciliaris)
This document was originally published on the website of the CRC for Australian Weed Management, which was wound up in 2008. To preserve the technical information it contains, the department is republishing this document. Due to limitations in the CRC’s production process, however, its content may not be accessible for all users. Please contact the department’s Weed Management Unit if you require more assistance. Managing weeds for biodiversity ● Recorded distribution Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) The problem fertile parts of the landscape, important address the problem of weeds that are for the survival of native plant and also considered useful. Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) is an animal populations in this highly variable Buffel grass is just one of many introduced, perennial pasture grass that climate. Although it was planted for perennial grasses invading Australia’s grass Buffel is found across much of the Australian dust control in central Australia, it also native vegetation, particularly grassy continent, including arid and semi-arid imposes economic costs through the plant communities, rangelands and regions. For many decades it has been need to manage fire risks and to protect coastal areas. Grasses introduced widely planted for livestock production biodiversity assets and infrastructure. as pastures, such as gamba grass and land rehabilitation. Its palatability Some pastoralists are also concerned – Cenchrus ciliaris (Andropogon gayanus), mission grass is moderate but it is well regarded as that productivity of buffel grass (Pennisetum polystachion) and pasture because it grows rapidly under dominated pastures can decline in the Birdwood grass (Cenchrus setiger) are warm, moist conditions and persists longer term. -
Buffelgrass Fact Sheet
Buffelgrass webpage under construction, check back soon Buffelgrass Fact Sheet Origin/History Native to Africa, Asia, and arid and semi-arid Europe 15 US Soil Conservation Service brought to southwest in early 1940s 2 T-4464 is most common variety in North America 3,22 Distribution Occurs in the following US states: AL, AZ, CA, FL, HI, LA, MO, MS, NM, NY, OK, TX (also in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands) 4 In Arizona, occurs in Pima, Pinal, Maricopa and Yuma counties 5 Has invaded and become established in disturbed and intact desert scrub environments in Australia, Hawaii and the southwestern US 22 High salinity, freezing temperatures, tight clay soil, deep sand, high water table and poor surface drainage limit distribution 14 More than 1 million ha in central Sonora, Mexico, have been converted from native desert scrub and thorn scrub to P. ciliare pasture since the 1940’s 28 Growth Form/Reproduction Bunchgrass, sometimes stoloniferous 1 Reproduces by seed sexually and apomictically 1 Seed set much more likely when plants cross-pollinate than when self-pollination occurs 6 Plants can propagate by rhizomes 7,22 Seeds are viable in the soil for up to 4 years 8 Seed dispersal occurs by water, wind, animals (livestock and wild) and humans (on clothing and via vehicles) 1 Germination/Growth Seeds can mature within the range of a few months up to 18 months 7 Germination occurs between 50° F and 104º F, with best rates of germination occurring at 86º F or alternating with nighttime temperatures of 68º F 9 Three-month-old seed from 30 P. -
Native Coastal Flora and Plant Communities in Hawai`I: Their Composition, Distribution, and Status
Technical Report HCSU-014 NATIVE COASTAL FLORA AND PLANT COMMUNITIES IN HAWAI`I: THEIR COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STATUS Fredrick R. Warshauer1 James D. Jacobi2 Jonathan P. Price1 1Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Pacifi c Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i National Park, HI 96718 2U.S. Geological Survey, Pacifi c Island Ecosystems Research Center, 677 Ala Moana Blvd., Suite 615, Honolulu, HI 96813 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo Pacifi c Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center (PACRC) 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 December 2009 The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Government. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Government. Technical Report HCSU-014 NATIVE COASTAL FLORA AND PLANT COMMUNITIES IN HAWAʻI: THEIR COMPOSITION, DISTRIBUTION, AND STATUS Fredrick R. Warshauer1 James D. Jacobi2 Jonathan P. Price1 1 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, Kilauea Field Station, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 2U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, 677 Ala Moana Blvd., Suite 615, Honolulu, HI 96813 KEY WORDS Hawai‘i, coastal, plants, resource management, endangered species CITATION Warshauer, F. R., J. D. Jacobi, and J. Price 2009. Native coastal flora and plant communities in Hawai‘i: Their composition, distribution, and status. Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report HCSU-014.