e mission statement Elements, the undergraduate research journal of Boston College, showcases the varied research endeavors of fellow undergraduates to the greater academic community. By fostering intellectual curiosity and discussion, the journal strengthens and affirms the community of undergraduate students at Boston College. Elements Fall 2015 thanks elements staff We would like to thank Boston College, the Institute for the Liberal editor-in-chief Arts, and the Office of the Dean for the College of Arts and Sciences marissa marandola for the financial support that makes this issue possible. managing editor questions & contributions betty (yunqing) wang If you have any questions, please contact the journal at deputy editor
[email protected]. All submissions can be sent to elements. alessandra luedeking
[email protected]. Visit our website at www.bc.edu/elements for updates and further information. treasurer michelle kang cover © Scott Liebenson/ Wikimedia Commons layout xizi (kelsey) zhang, Senior Editor periodicity marissa hollyer, Editor Elements is published twice an academic year in the fall and spring rebecca mcgeorge, Editor semesters. emmy ye, Editor electronic journal humanities Elements is also published as an open access electronic journal. jacob ciafone, Senior Editor It is available at http://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/elements. mary kate cahill, Editor ISSN 2380-6087 domenick fazzolari, Editor jingzong yan, Editor The information provided by our contributors is not independently verified by Elements. social sciences The