American Mineralogist, Volume 69, pages 961-966, 1984

The crystal structure of viitaniemiite

AenNE PeruNBN The University of Helsinki Department of Inorganic Chemistry Vuorikatu 20, SF-00100Helsinki 10, Finland

eNo Sr,ppo L Lenrr Geological Survey of Finland Kivimiehentie l, SF-02150ESPOO 15, Finland

Abstract

The crystal structureof viitaniemiiteNa(Ca,Mn)AIPO4F2OH a : 5.457(2),b -- 7.151(2), c: 6.336(2)A,B: 109.36(3)"V :251.68A3, Z: 2, spacegroup P2/m, hasbeen solved by Pattersonand Fourier methodsand refinedby the least-squaresmethod to an R index of 0.037for 728observed (>2o) reflections.The structurecontains two setsof infinite chains parallel to the b-axis, one composedof A|O2(OH)2F2octahedra sharing opposite OH cornersand the other of (Ca,Mn)O+Fzoctahedra sharing opposite O-O edges.These chains alternatelaterally sharingF cornersto form a set of parallelsheets held togetherby POa tetrahedraand NaOaFagable disphenoids. The sheet structure of viitaniemiitecontaining octahedrally coordinated atoms in two separatepositions resemblesthat of montebrasiteand eosphorite.These three related phosphateminerals are associatedwith each other in the type locality of viitaniemiite, Viitaniemipegmatite, Orivesi, southernFinland, where they crystallizedduring hydrother- mal replacementprocesses caused by residualfluids of the pegmatitemelt.

Introduction encounteredas very smallcrystals in vesiclesofsilicocar- bonatitetogether with cryolite, calcite,quartz, and welo- Viitaniemiite occurs as a rare hydrothermal mineral in ganite. Becausethe powder diffraction data of viitanie- the phosphate-richViitaniemi pegmatite,Orivesi, south- miite resemble those of an unnamed mineral from ern Finland.One of the authors(SIL) hasdescribed it asa Greifenstein,Sachsen, given on JCPDScard l3-0587,the new mineralin a study on the mineralogyand petrology of presentauthors studied several museum specimens taken the graniticpegmatities of the Eriijiirvi area(Lahti, l98l). from this locality and identified viitaniemiite from the The mineralwas encounteredas an inclusionin eosphor- sampleslabeled as lacroixite(cf. Mrose, l97l). According ite aggregateand is associatedwith morinite, another to the descriptinsby Slavik(1914, l9l5), lacroixite(and aluminum-bearingphosphate mineral. Structureanalysis therefore also viitaniemiite) occurs there in druses of confirmedthe ideal formula Na(Ca,Mn)AIPO4F2OHwith lithiogranitetogether with jeZekite(sodian morinite), apa- Z :2, althottghwet chemicalanalysis indicates that some tite, childrenite (Fe end member of the isomorphous of the fluorine may be replaced by OH groups. The serieschildrenite-eosphorite), roscherite, and tourmaline. crystal data measuredduring the structure analysisare Preliminary microanalyzerdeterminations showed that given in Table 1. The X-ray powder data, the optical Greifensteinviitaniemiite is rich in calcium and contaiirs properties,the chemicaldata, and the mineralogicalde- only a few percent of manganese;the fluorine content, scriptionof the mineral have beengiven by Lahti (1981) however,is equalto that of the Finnishviitaniemiite. Due andare not reproducedhere. A preliminarydescription of to its different chemical composition, the-Greifenstein the structurehas been given by Lahti and Pajunen(1982). viitaniemiitehas a largerunit cell (a -- 5.484, b = 7.184, To date viitaniemiitehas been identified positively in only c : 6.85A, F : 109.00',v = 254.8443;based on the three localities:at Viitaniemi. in museum specimens precessionfilms from sampleno. 86746in Harvard Min- collectedfrom drusesof granitein Greifenstein,Sachsen eralogicalMuseum). Detailed studies on the Greifenstein (East Germany),and from Franconquarry, northeastern viitaniemiiteand lacroixiteare in progress,because some Montreal, where its occurrencehas been confirmed by of the data cited for lacroixite obviously derive from Ramik et al. (1983). In this quarry viitaniemiite was viitaniemiite. 0003-004x/84/09I 0-096 l $02.00 961 962 PAJUNEN AND LAHTI: STRUCTURE OF VIITANIEMIITE

Table l. Crystal data for viitaniemiite ed in the refinement with a fixed isotropic temperature factor (I : 0.0642. a = 5,45-ll2\A V = zSt.OAA3 The final refinement included positional parameters, b = 7.1.5I(2)A anisotropic thermal parameters, and occupancy factors = e 6.836(2) A D(calc.) = 2.242 S/q3 for calcium and manganese.The initial values for the B = 109.36(3)o ,(ms) = 3.245 g/m3 occupancyfactors were obtained from chemical analysis. Space gnp P2a,/n u(I4o(e) = 2.42 q-L The occupancy factors convergedto 0.592(5)for calcium (id@l) (Ca,th)ALPO4F2OH Fomla Na and 0.401(4)for manganese.Final R was 0.037, R* : 0.M3 and S = (IwAF2lm-111rrz: 4.12. The difference Experimental map had its largest electron density 0.61 eA-3 in the vicinity of the (Ca,Mn) atom. The calculations were For the structure analysis a transparent crystal plate of performedon a Univac I108 computerusing programs of viitaniemiitemeasuring about x x 0.1 0.2 0.3 mm was removed the xnay76 system (Stewart, 1976). The final atomic from the type material. Roundish crystals suitable for study are positions and thermal parameters are listed in Table 2. difficult to obtain, because the mineral forms thin, sometimes The interatomic radial, crystal plates (0.02-0.2 mm thick) flattened parallel to the distancesand bond anglesare reported in (l0T) plane. Table 3. Table 4, giving observedand calculatedstructure Single crystal X-ray precession photographs of this crystal factors, is on deposit at the Business Office of the l exhibit monoclinicsymmetry with systematicabsences 0k{, k: Mineralogical Society of America. 2n l- I consistentwith the spacegroups PTlm andP2,. The unit cell dimensions(298 K) given in Table I were obtainedby least- Description of the structure squaresrefinement of angular settingsof 20 reflections centered A stereoscopicview of the structure is presentedin on a Nicolet P3 automatic four-circle diffractometer -using Figure l. Al and (Ca,Mn) are in the centersof symmetry, graphite monochromatedMoKo radiation (I = 0.71074). A phosphorusand two of the oxygen atoms of the phos- uniqueset of intensitieswas measuredusing the r+scanmethod phate plane. with variablescan speed. Of the 788 reflectionswith 3. < 20 < ion are situated on the mirror The sodium 50",728were regardedas observed,their intensitybeing larger and hydroxyl ions are also on the mirror plane. Fluorine than 2.0 times the estimatedstandard deviation. Three standard and one oxygen of the phosphate ion are in general reflections measured for every 50 reflections showed no positions. systematic variation. The intensity data were corrected for Aluminum is surroundedby two oxygens,two hydrox- Lorentz and polarization efects and an empirical absorption yls and two fluorines in octahedral arrangement. The correction basedon the (ffscanmethod was applied (North et al., A1O2(OH)2F2octahedra form chains parallel to the b-axis l96E),with the coemcientranging from 0.707to 1.0. by sharing opposite OH- corners. In this 7A corner- sharing OH-AI-OH-AI chain (Moore, 1980) the OH Structure determination bridges are in trans configuration. (Ca,Mn) is surrounded The spacegroup, assumedto be PZ/m on the basisof by four oxygens and two fluorines in distorted octahedral diffraction intensity statistics, was later confirmed by the arrangement.The octahedra shareopposite O-O edgesto structuresolution. The symmetryin the spacegroup P2rl form a setofchains parallelto the b-axis.The sharededge m requiresthat most of the atomsbe in specialpositions. is considerablyshorter than the others, suggestingrepul- The structure was solved by Pattersonand Fourier meth- sion between neighboring (Ca,Mn) cations. The two ods. The Pattersonsynthesis showed that most of the chains alternate by sharing F corners to form a set of -r9.25. atomsare situatedat y : A solutionwas found for parallel sheets. Adjacent sheets are held together by Al and (Ca,Mn)in the centersof symmetry,for F and one phosphate ions. The phosphate ion is a nearly ideal O in general positions and for other atoms on the mirror tetrahedronwith O-P-O anglesin the range 108.3-112.2'. plane. Additional linkagebetween the sheetsis provided by the The atomic scattering factors used were those of Cro- NaOaFapolyhedron (Fig. 2). Five Na-O and Na-F dis- mer and Mann (1968)for non-hydrogenatoms with anom- tancesare between2.3-2.54, defininga distortedsquare alous dispersion coefficients from the International Ta- pyramid, but three additional distancesof 2.8A are in- bles for X-ray Crystallography (Ibers and Hamilton, cluded,resulting in a polyhedronwith coordinationnum- 1974), and, of Stewart et al (1965) for hydrogen. The ber eight. The next larger distancesare >3.14. This structure was refined by the full-matrix least-squares polyhedron, gable disphenoid, has been discussedin - rnethod.The function minimizedwas lwllF.l l,f'"||'zwith detail by Moore (1981).Previously it hasonly beenfound : unit weights.R 0.071was obtainedby refinementwith in wyllieite (Moore and Molin-Case, 1974)and fillowite isotropic temperature factors for non-hydrogen atoms. (Araki and Moore. l98l). The temperaturefactors were converted to anisotropic in the form given in Table 2; refinementreduced R to 0.057. ' To obtain a copy of Table 4, order Document Am-84-251 A diference map calculated at this stagerevealed a peak from the Mineralogical Society of America, Business Office, on the mirror plane lA from O(4). This peak was assumed 2000Florida Avenue, N. W., Washington,D. C. 20009.Please to be the hydrogenatom. The hydrogenatom was includ- remit $5.00in advance for the microfiche. PAJUNEN AND LAHTI: STRUCTURE OF VIITANIEMIITE %3

Table 2. Atomic coordinates and anisotropic thermal vibration parametersfor viitaniemiite

Atom x y z utl u2z u33 vrz ul3 uzl (ca,Mn) 0.5 0.0 0.5 0.0172(9) 0.0099(9) 0.0094(8) -0.0011(8) 0.0048(6) -0.0009(6) A1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0I25(6) 0.0076(5) 0.0068(s) -0.0006(s) 0.0029(4) -0.0003(5) Na 0.46?5(5)0.25 -0.0463(4 ) 0.0275(13)0.0235(12) 0.0387(1s) 0.0 0.0298(12) 0.0 -0.0356 P (2) 0.2s 0.3583(2) 0.0117(5) 0.0102(5) 0,0066(5) 0.0 0.0041(4 ) 0.0 F 0.3468(4) 0.0030(3) 0.1547(3) 0.0I37(e) 0.0r60(r0) 0.0rs4(9) -0.0001(8) 0.0008(7) 0.0031(9) o (r) 0.2456(7) 0.25 0.5150(17)0-0I33(r7) 0.0370(24) 0.0135(r7) 0.0 0.0046(14) 0.0 o (2) -o.2336(7) 0.25 0.4850(s) 0.0rsr(16) 0.0r88(15)0.0080(14) 0.0 0.0067(13) 0.0 o(3) -0.0850(6) 0.07ss(4) 0.2300(4) 0.040r(r6) 0.0083(r1)0.0168(12) -0.0046(rl) 0.0194(rr) -0.0010(r0) o(4) 0.0239(7\0.2s -0.0815(s) 0.0r9] (r6) 0.0076(r4) 0.0063(14) 0.0 0.00s2(12) 0.0 H -0.005(19)0.25 -0.201(15) U=0.06

The values of x, y, z are given in fractional coordinates, the anisotropic temperature factor is of the form exp(-2n2{utra*2h2 * urrb*zkz * urr.*212 + 2ur2a*b*hk + 2urra*c*hr + 2u23b*c*kr)). Estinated standard deviations in parentheses refer to the last digits.

There is only one hydrogenbond in the structure:the mately associatedin the type locality of viitaniemiite, hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl ion is bonded to the montebrasitebeing crystallizedbefore viitaniemiite,and phosphateox-ygen atom O(2) with hydrogen bond param- eosphoriteafter it. Figure 3 shows polyhedral representa- eters2.09(9)4 and 157(10)". tions ofthe three structures taken from a certain plane to comparethem with eachother. The basestructure of both Comparison with related structures viitaniemiiteand eosphorite(see the structuredetermina- Viitaniemiite is structurally and chemicallyrelated to tion by Hanson, 1960,and the sketch by Moore, 1970) two aluminum-bearinghydroxylated phosphate minerals: contains octahedral corner-sharing and edge-sharing amblygonite-montebrasireand eosphorite-childrenite.It chains with a 7A repeat. The chains are parallel to the b- is interesting to note that these three minerals are inti- axis of viitaniemiite and the c-axis of eosphorite. The

Table 3. Interatomicdistances and anslesfor viitaniemiite

(ca,t',tn) o(1) 2.288131 0(1) ( Ca,Mr\} - o(2lt z8.a(t) o(1) - o(2)r 2.91616l (ca ( - , Mn) o(2)r 2.326(31 o(1) ca , t'ln) F 91.3(1) o(1) -F 3.230( 5 ) (Ca,Mn) - F 2.228(21 o(2)a ( ca ,lln) F 88.2(1) o lzl' -F 3.171(3)

A1 o(3) 1.861(3) o(3) AI - o(4) 92.0(1) o(3) - o(4) 2.699(51 AI o(4) 1.8e0(1 ) o(3) AI - F 90.5(1) o(3) -F 2.625 (41 AI F 1.837 (21 o(4) AI - F 90.0(1) o(4) -F 2.63s13l rr ra Na o(1) 2.932151 o (1) Na - o(4) 80.1(1) o(1)rr - o(4) 3.3s4(5) rr Na o(3)a 2.834141 o (1 ) Ila - Frar ?5.0 (1) o(1)rr - Fttt 3.1s6(4) Na o (4) 2.352(51 o(3)a - o(3)rv 52.211't o(3)r - o(3)rv 2.496 (41 Na F 2.4s8(3 ) o(3)r Na - F 69.1(1) o(3)a - F 3.01s(4) Na Fl1r 2.312131 o(3)1 Na - Frrr 59.8(1) o(3)l - Frra 2.604(31 o(4) Na - F 66.4(1) o(4) - F 2.53s(3) - F Na rttl 81.0(1) f 3.100(4) F - Ft 91.9(1) F-Ft 3.533(41 _aat - *r1r _vI Na Ftt 103.0(2) f-i 3.618(4) P- o(1) 1.s36(4) o(1) - o(2) 1't2.2(2\ o(1) - o(21 2.5s4(61 P- o(2) 1.s42(s) o(1) P - o(3) 109.6(1) o(1) - o(3) 2.5O9 (41 P- o(3) 1.s35(3) o(2) - o(3) 108.3(1) o(2) - o(3) 2.494 (51 o(3) P - o(3)v 108.g(2) o(3) - o(3)v 2.496 (41 - o(4) H 0.78(10) o(4) H ...o(2)tt 1s?(to) H ...o(2)rr 2.og(g',

symetry (i) + = -1 code 1 xt yt z litl xr Yt + z (iii) 1-x,-y,-z (iv) 1+x,*-y,z (v) = X, * Y, Z (vi ) 1-x'l+y,-z 964 PAJUNEN AND LAHTI: STRUCTURE OF VIITANIEMIITE

Fig. l. Stereoscopicview of the viitaniemiitestructure. The originis at the lower left-handcorner, a is horizontal,b is verticaland c towardsthe viewer. edge-sharing(Ca,Mn)O+Fz octahedra of the viitaniemiite (Ca,Mn) octahedraof viitaniemiiteform a chain of cor- structure are replacedby (Mn,Fe)Or(OH)zoctahedra in ner-sharingpolyhedra parallel to the (l0l) plane. Similar the eosphorite structure, and the corner-sharing chainscan also be seenin the amblygonitestructure, but AfO2(OH)2F2 octahedra by AlOz(OH)z(HzO)z octahedra. the Al octahedrashare (F,OH)- insteadof F- alone. F- The chains alternate laterally sharing F corners in viitan- may also be substitutedby (OH)- in viitaniemiite,be- iemiite and OH corners in eosphorite.The octahedral causethe structuredetermination indicates an F/OH ratio cations are situated on the same plane and form a set of 2/1, whereas the chemical formula based on the wet sheets parallel to {010} in viitaniemiite and {001} in chemicalanalysis of the powderedsample shows a much eosphorite.Due to the diferent linkageof the octahedral lower F/OH ratio. 1.18. chains, the structure of viitaniemiite is monoclinic with Mineralogical studies show that the perfect cleavage B: 109',whereas that ofeosphoriteis pseudoorthorhom- planefollows the {100i plane in eosphoriteand the (l0l) bic (monoclinic with F = 90") and the unit cell about four plane in viitaniemiite. In addition, amblygonite-monte- times larger. brasite has a prominent cleavageparallel to (0ll). The The (100)section of the amblygonitestructure also has cleavageplane of eosphoritefollows the "hole" direction many features in common with the {010} section of of the structure between the Al octahedra(see Fig. 3), viitaniemiite.The a-angleof amblygonite(=112"1 is near- and similarly the direction of the large alkali metal ly identicalto the ftangle of viitaniemiite(-199";, and the polyhedra(or the chain direction)in the other structures. lengthsof the crystallograpnicaxes on these planesare Progressivehydrothermal leaching and replacementof closeto eachother. Accordingto the structuredetermina- primary phosphatesproduced abundant hydrated or hy- tion by Baur (1959)the amblygonitestructure contains drous secondaryphosphates during the crystallizationof Alo4(F,OH)2octahedra,the central atom Al beingin two the Viitaniemi pegmatitedike. The number of (Mn,Fe) positions,Al(l) in 0,0,0and Al(2) in 0,0.5,0.5correspond- phosphatesis particularly high, but various Al- and Be- ing to Al and (Ca,Mn) in the viitaniemiite structure. bearing secondary phosphatesare also known in the Amblygoniteis, however, triclinic and the unit cell con- deposit(Volborth, 1954;Lahti, 1981).In the type locality tainsonly one sheet.The POatetrahedra, the LiO4(OH,F) viitaniemiiteis closelyassociated with amblygonite-mon- polyhedrain amblygoniteand, replacingit, the NaOaFa tebrasite,eosphorite, morinite, crandallite,and apatite. gable disphenoidsin viitaniemiite hold the neighboring The above phosphateminerals occur in the sugaralbite sheetstogether. and cleavelanditereplacement units and fracture fillings Linked together by F- ions, the Al octahedra and which were formed as final crystallization products of the

Fig.2. Stereoscopicview of the NaOaFapolyhedron (gable disphenoid) in the viitaniemiitestructure. PAJUNEN AND LAHTI: STRUCTURE OF VIITANIEMIITE 965

b sin) c P .Al oLi 'P oAl o (Co,Mn) oNq .P.Al o(Mn,Fe) Am blygo n it e Viito niem iit e Eosphor it e Fig.3. Polyhedralrepresentations of the structureof amblygonite,eosphorite and viitaniemiite. volatile-rich pegmatite melt. The viitaniemiite sample Baur, W. H. (1959)Die Kristallstruktur des Edelamblygonits studiedin detail occurred as an inclusion in eosphorite LiAIPO4(OH,F). Acta Crystallographica, 12, 988-994. betweenmontebrasite crystal plates. Fosphorite replaces Cromer, D. T. and Mann, J. B. (1968)X-ray scatteringfactors montebrasite,which is strongly altered. Viitaniemiite computedfrom numerical Hartree-Fock wave-functions.Acta crystallized after montebrasite,but before eosphorite, Crystallographica, A24, l2l-324. Hanson,A. W. (1960)The crystal structureof eosphorite.Acta crandalliteand apatite. The hydrothermalresidual solu- Crystallographica,13, 384-387. tions rich in Na+, Mn2*, Ca2*, F- and OH reactedwith Hawthorne, F. C. (1979)The crystal structure of morinite. amblygonite-montebrasite, dissolving it or only partly CanadianMineralogist, 17, 93-102. replacing the structure. The basic structure of amblygo- Ibers, J. A. and Hamilton, W. C. (1974)lntemational tables for nite is therefore closely related to that of viitaniemiite and X-ray crystallography.Vol. IV Revised and suplementary eosphoritewhich crystallizedlater. On the other hand, tablesto volumesII and IIL The Kynoch Press,Birmingham, the structureof morinite,which crystallizedbefore viitan- England. iemiite, containscorner-sharing octahedral dimers with a Lahti, S. I. (1981)On the granitic pegmatitesof the Eriij:irvi area compositionof AlzF+(OH)2Oalinked with two POatetra- in Orivesi, southern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, hedrato a complexpolyhedral cluster (Hawthorne, 1979). Bulletin 314. Lahti, S. I. and Pajunen,A. (1982)Rakenneanalyysi viitaniemii- Condensationof octahedral dimers can also produce tista.Summary: The crystalstructure analysis of viitaniemiite. similaroctahedral chains with a 7A repeat,as in viitanie- Geologi,34,149-153. miite and eosphorite.Crandallite, which crystallizedwith Moore, P. B. (1970) Structural hierarchiesamong minerals apatiteas the last phosphatemineral in a solutioncavity containing octahedrally coordinating oxygen. I. Stereoisomer- of viitaniemiite,has an alunite-derivativesheet structure. ism among corner-sharingoctahedral and tetrahedral chains. As shown by Moore (1980),this structure can also be Neues Jahrbuch der Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 163-173. conceivedas progressivecondensation ofoctahedral cor- Moore, P. B. (1980)The natural phosphateminerals: crystal ner-sharingchains bridged by OH- in the trans configura- chemistry. 2nd International congress on phosphorus com- tion. poundsprodeedings. April 2l-25, BostonMass., U.S.A., 105- I 30. Moore, P. B. (1981) Complex crystal structures related to Acknowledgments glaserite,K:Na(SO+)z: evidence for very densepacking among The authors are grateful to Mr. Carl A. Francis of the oxysalts.Bulletin de Min6ralogie,104, 536-547. MineralogicalMuseum at HarvardUniversity, to Mr. RobertA. Moore, P. B. and Molin-Case, J. A. (1974)Contribution to Ramik of the Departmentof Mineralogyand Geologyat the pegmatitephosphate giant crystal paragenesis:IL The crystal RoyalOntario Museum, and to Dr. W. Quellmalzof the Staat- chemistry of wyllieite, Na2Fe2Al(POa)3,a primary phase. lichesMuseum fiir Mineralogiezu Dresdenfor mineralsamples. American Mineralogist, 59, 280-290. We would also like to thank Mrs. Ritva Forsmanfor the Mrose, M. E. (1971)Lacroixite: its redefinitionand new occur- structuredrawing and Mrs. Helga Leppiinenfor typing the rences.Prog. and Abstr. 20thClay MineralConference, Black manuscript.Professor Atso Vorma and Dr. Kai Hytrinenkindly Hills, SouthDakota, p. 10.Abstract also in AmericanMineral- readthe manuscriptand offered constructive criticism. ogist,57, p. 1914,1972. North, A. E. T., Phillis, D. C. and Mathews, F. S. (1968)A semiempiricalmethod of absorption correction. Acta Crystal- References lographica, 424, f5l-359. Araki, T. and Moore, P. B. (1981) Fillowite, Na2Ca Ramik,R. A.. Sturman,B. D., Roberts,A. C. and Dunn, P. J. (Mn,Fe)?2+(POa)u:its crystal structure. American Mineral- (1983)Viitaniemiite from the Franconquarry, Montreal,Que- ogist,60, 827-842. bec. CanadianMineralogist, 21, 499-502. !)66 PAJUNEN AND LAHTI: STRUCTURE OF VIITANIEMIITE

Slavik, F. (1914)Neue Phosphatevom Greifensteinbei Ehren- hydrogen molecule.Journal of Chemistry and Physics,42, friedersdorf.Bulletin lnternationat,Acaddmie des Sciences de 3175-31E7. L'Empereur FrancoisJoseph, 19, 108-123. Volborth, A. (1954)Phosphatminerale aus dem Lithiumpegmatit Slavik,F. (1915)Notiz iiberden Lacroixit. Bulletininternational von Viitaniemi, Eriijarvi, Zentral-Finnland.Annales Acade- d I'Akad6mie des Sciencesde BohCme20, l-2. miae Scientiarum Fennicae series A, lll Geologica-Geogra- Stewart,J. M. (1976)The XRAY76 system.Technical Report phica,39, l-90. TR-446.Computer Science Center, Univ. of Maryland, Col- lege Park, Maryland. Stewart, R. F, Davidson, E. R. and Simpson, W. T. (1965) Manuscriptreceived, SeptemberT, 1983; Coherent X-ray scattering for the hydrogen atom in the acceptedforpublication,April6, lgS4.