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Volledige Floristische Inventaris Van Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest En Florakartering

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Volledige Floristische Inventaris Van Het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest En Florakartering Opmaak van volledige floristische inventaris van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest en een florakartering. Met inbegrip van een grondige vergelijking met vroegere gegevens en karteringen evenals een ruime wetenschappelijke evaluatie. Opdrachtgever: Leefmilieu Brussel BIM Afdeling Groene ruimten Gulledelle 100 Brussel 1200 Opdrachthouder: Nationale Plantentuin van België Domein van Bouchout Meise 1860 Auteur: Allemeersch Luc Datum: Oktober 2006 Tekstgedeelte - 2 - - 3 - DANKWOORD Met dit dankwoord wil ik allereerst Jan Rammeloo, directeur van de Nationale Plantentuin van België bedanken. De voorbije drie jaren heb ik me volledig kunnen concentreren op de opmaak van de atlas van de flora van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest. Zonder de speciale aandacht voor de biodiversiteit en de opvolging ervan bij het Brussels Instituut voor Milieubeheer zou de financiering onmogelijk geweest zijn. Daarvoor wil ik het BIM in het algemeen en Machteld Gryseels van de Afdeling Groene Ruimten in het bijzonder bedanken. Dank zij de medewerking van Wouter Van Landuyt, beheerder van de floristische databank Florabank en werkzaam bij het INBO, een wetenschappelijke instelling van de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, verliep de gegevensverwerking zonder noemenswaardige problemen. Hij was steeds vlot bereikbaar om de nodige floragegevens over het BHG uit Florabank op een vlot te bezorgen. Zo verliep ook de cartografische verwerking zonder problemen. Binnen de begeleidende stuurgroep verliep de samenwerking in een opbouwende sfeer. Mijn speciale dank is er wel voor Jacqueline Saintenoy-Simon, voorzitster van de ‘Amicale Européenne de Floristique’ en Sandrine Godefroid van de VUB. Zij hebben de vorige studie van de Brusselse flora uitgevoerd. Ze hebben me steeds snel geholpen bij de detailopmerkingen en allerlei kleine vragen die ik had i.v.m. de vorige kartering. Voor determinatieproblemen kon ik steeds terecht bij mijn collegas Ivan Hoste, Anne Ronse en zeker bij Filiep Verloove. Voor het redactionele werk heb ik regelmatig kunnen rekenen op de deskundigheid van Ivan Hoste. En last but not least wil ik Leo Vanhecke bedanken die met zijn kritische doch zeer constructieve geest mijn werk, zowel op methodologisch als op redactioneel vlak enorm vooruit geholpen heeft. - 4 - DANKWOORD ...................................................................................................................... 3 1. INLEIDING ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 Situering van dit rapport binnen de opdracht van het BIM......................................... 8 1.2 Doelstellingen van de opdracht .................................................................................... 9 1.3 Overzicht van dit rapport .............................................................................................. 9 2. HET BRUSSELS HOOFDSTEDELIJK GEWEST ............................................................11 2.1 Administratieve indeling: Brussel en het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest .............11 2.2 Landschapskenmerken ................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Reliëf en hydrologie .................................................................................................12 2.2.2 Geologie en bodem .................................................................................................15 2.2.3 De stadsuitbreiding in de 19 e eeuw ..........................................................................15 2.2.4 De stadsuitbreiding in de 20 e eeuw ..........................................................................16 2.2.5 Stadslandschappen en groengebieden ....................................................................17 2.2.5.1 Overzicht van de Brusselse stadslandschappen ...............................................17 2.2.5.2 Overzicht (ligging) van de Groengebieden ........................................................18 2.2.5.3 Bespreking van de Groengebieden ...................................................................19 2.3 Historiek van de florakartering van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ................21 2.3.1 Inleiding ...................................................................................................................21 2.3.2 De periode vóór 1939 ..............................................................................................21 2.3.3 De periode 1939-1971 .............................................................................................22 2.3.4 De periode 1972-1990 .............................................................................................23 2.3.5 De periode 1991-1994: de eerste, specifieke gebiedsdekkende inventarisatie ........24 2.3.6 De periode 1995-2002 .............................................................................................25 2.3.7 De periode 2003-2005: de tweede, specifieke gebiedsdekkende inventarisatie .......26 2.3.8 Overzicht van de inventarisatiegraad .......................................................................27 3. METHODIEK VAN KARTERING .....................................................................................29 3.1 Nomenclatuur .............................................................................................................29 3.2 Definities .......................................................................................................................29 3.2.1 Inheemse soorten, archeofyten en neofyten ............................................................29 3.2.2 Types van neofyten .................................................................................................29 3.3 Veldwerkmethoden .......................................................................................................29 3.4 Methodologische verschillen tussen beide systematische BHG-karteringen (1991- 1994 en 2003-2005) .............................................................................................................32 4. ATLAS VAN DE FLORA VAN HET BRUSSELS HOOFDSTEDELIJK GEWEST ............33 4.1 Inleiding ........................................................................................................................33 4.1.1 Gekarteerde taxa .....................................................................................................33 - 5 - 4.1.2 Taxa met verspreidingskaarten ................................................................................33 4.1.3 Verklaring van de legende in het atlasgedeelte ........................................................33 4.1.4 Taxa met bespreking van de verspreiding ...............................................................34 4.1.5 Alfabetische overzichtstabel ....................................................................................34 4.1.6 Kenmerken van de soortscommentaren ..................................................................35 4.2 Bespreking van de verspreiding van de vaatplanten van het BHG...........................36 4.2.1 Inheemse en ingeburgerde taxa en niet zeldzame adventieve taxa .........................36 4.2.2 Zeer zeldzame niet-inheemse taxa ........................................................................ 189 5 ALGEMENE KENMERKEN VAN DE FLORA VAN HET BRUSSELS HOOFDSTEDELIJK GEWEST (TOESTAND 2003-2005): ANALYSE VAN DE ATLASGEGEVENS ................. 247 5.1 Het aantal taxa per kilometerhok ............................................................................... 247 5.1.1 Status van de soorten (inheemse soorten, archeofyten en neofyten) ..................... 247 5.1.2 Gemiddelde, minimum en maximum ...................................................................... 247 5.1.3 Frequentieverdeling via klassenindeling met vast interval en de ruimtelijke spreiding ....................................................................................................................................... 248 5.1.4 Frequentieverdeling via klassenindeling met even grote klassen en de ruimtelijke spreiding ......................................................................................................................... 249 5.1.5 Ruimtelijke spreiding van zeldzame soorten of potentiële Rode- Lijstsoorten ........ 251 5.2.1 Globaal .................................................................................................................. 253 5.2.2 De meest algemene taxa ....................................................................................... 253 6 DYNAMIEK VAN DE FLORA VAN HET BRUSSELS HOOFDSTEDELIJK GEWEST .... 255 6.1 Inleiding ...................................................................................................................... 255 6.2 Verdwenen soorten .................................................................................................... 255 6.2.1 Soorten die vanaf 1939 niet meer waargenomen werden in het BGH .................... 255 6.2.3 Soorten die vanaf 1991 niet meer waargenomen werden in het BHG .................... 256 6.2.4 Soorten die vanaf 1995 niet meer waargenomen werden in het BHG .................... 256 6.2.5 Synthese ............................................................................................................... 256 6.3.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................. 257 6.3.2 Voor het eerst waargenomen in de periode 1972-1990 ........................................
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