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BOARD OF DIRECTORS January 2008 Howard M. Lorber Chair Dear Colleague: David T. Austern President The National Center for Victims of Crime is proud to present the 2008 Richard Girgenti National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide, a product of our Treasurer continued partnership with the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The 2008 Resource Guide

Alexander Auersperg offers you an extensive set of tools to engage your community in observing Hon. Arnold I. Burns this year’s National Crime Victims’ Rights Week.

Hon. Richard J. Condon This year’s theme, “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” evokes the ideals Carol DiBattiste that support our system of justice and inspire our nation’s quest for equity. Philip Gerson It declares that justice for all cannot be achieved without justice for victims Sarah S. Gold of crime. G. Morris Gurley Marla Hanson National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, April 13–19, 2008, serves to remind Ann Hayes us that crime can strike anyone. Whether it’s a drive-by shooting, a campus Alberta Davis Hogg massacre, an act of terrorism, or a crippling identity theft, we are all Hon. Eric H. Holder, Jr. vulnerable to crime. In this sense, victims’ rights are everyone’s rights. As Ala Isham we celebrate our successes, assess our progress, and prepare for our next set Ralph H. Isham of challenges, we remember that justice for victims promotes justice for all. John J. Libonati Mark Mandell As you prepare your National Crime Victims’ Rights Week campaign—and Frank M. Ochberg, M.D. other outreach efforts throughout the year—we invite you to take advantage of our National Center for Victims of Crime Web site, www.ncvc.org, and Hon. Eric Smith our National Crime Victim Helpline, 1-800-FYI-CALL, which offers direct advocacy, information on available programs and services for victims, and Chairs Emeriti referrals to more than 16,000 organizations that serve crime victims Ala Isham throughout the United States. Hon. Arnold I. Burns We trust that the 2008 National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide will inform, inspire, and advance your preparations, and we are Honorary Board Members honored by this opportunity to support our colleagues’ great work. Dominick Dunne Linda Fairstein Sincerely, Hon. Laurie O. Robinson

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Mary Lou Leary Mary Lou Leary

2000 M Street, NW ● Suite 480 ● Washington, DC 20036 ● Tel. 202 / 467-8700 ● Fax 202 / 467-8701 ● www.ncvc.org AT­A­GLANCE

2008 National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide Dates: Sunday, April 13 ­ Saturday, April 19, 2008 Theme: “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.” Theme Colors: Blue Violet (Pantone 273C) and Olive Green (Pantone 575C) Fonts: Verdana, Bernhard Modern, and ITC Officina Sans

• Identify other uses for the NCVRW Resource Guide Contents Resource Guide, including victim­related • Section 1: Resource Guide Overview observances planned throughout 2008 • Section 2: Maximizing Communication (see “Commemorative Calendar” in and Awareness Section 2). • Section 3: Camera­Ready Artwork • Section 4: Working with the Media Special Announcements • Section 5: Landmarks in Victims’ Rights • The Sixth Annual National Candlelight and Services Observance of National Crime Victims’ • Section 6: Statistical Overviews and Rights Week (sponsored by the Office Resources for Victims of Crime in Washington, DC) • CD­ROM: All camera­ready artwork is scheduled for Thursday, April 10, provided in black­and­white and in color 2008. (new this year!) and in three electronic • The Attorney General’s National Crime formats (JPEG, PDF, and Quark/including Victims’ Rights Week Awards Ceremony fonts) (sponsored by the Department of Justice • Theme DVD: 5­minute DVD with the and coordinated by the Office for Victims theme “Justice for Victims. Justice for of Crime in Washington, DC) is scheduled All.,” along with a 30­second television for Friday, April 11, 2008. public service announcement (For more information about these two (new this year!) special events, including times and locations, visit www.ovc.gov/ncvrw.) Quick Planning Tips The complete 2008 NCVRW Resource • Review all the contents of the Resource Guide can be accessed in electronic Guide before moving forward. format at www.ovc.gov/ncvrw/2008/ • Establish a planning committee to help welcome.html. ■ share the workload and tap into even more ideas. • Develop a timetable detailing all activities and assignments leading up to your event(s). • Decide what Resource Guide camera­ ready materials you want to use and what other materials you might need to develop. • Develop a current list of local and state media and key reporters and producers. 1 ■ RESOURCE GUIDE OVERVIEW

Justice for Victims. Justice for All.

Materials in the 2008 NCVRW Resource Introduction Guide incorporate this year’s theme colors of The National Center for Victims of Crime and blue violet (Pantone #273C) and olive green the Office of Justice Program’s Office for (Pantone #575C). Victims of Crime (OVC) at the U.S. Department of Justice are proud to once again bring you the National Crime Victims’ Rights Week NCVRW Kickoff Events Resource Guide. Full of useful tools to enhance The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) will your outreach efforts, the 2008 NCVRW commence National Crime Victims’ Rights Resource Guide helps unite public awareness Week with the Sixth Annual National Candle­ campaigns across the country during this light Observance on Thursday, April 10, 2008, year’s National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, in Washington, DC. DOJ’s National Awards scheduled for April 13­19, 2008. Ceremony, which honors individuals and Since 1981, National Crime Victims’ programs for innovations and outstanding Rights Week has been set aside as a time of achievements, will be held on Friday, April national remembrance—a time to build public 11, 2008, in Washington, DC. For times, awareness about challenges crime victims locations, and other event details, visit face and to celebrate the hard­won progress www.ovc.gov/ncvrw. in victims’ rights and services. We hope you find these materials helpful as you endeavor to advance the goals of National Crime NCVRW Planning Tips Victims’ Rights Week this spring and through­ Follow these suggestions to enhance your out the year. 2008 NCVRW planning and maximize the impact of your efforts: 2008 NCVRW Theme and • Review each section of the Resource Theme Colors Guide before executing any plans. Decide which materials would be most helpful The 2008 NCVRW theme, “Justice for Victims. toward achieving your outreach goals. Justice for All.,” echoes the Pledge of • Establish an NCVRW Planning Committee Allegiance, recited every day in public to help brainstorm activities and share schools throughout the United States. The the workload. Committee members could theme underscores the deeply held value of include crime victims, survivors, victim “justice for all” that underpins our system service providers, or health professionals; of justice and drives the quest to ensure leaders of civic organizations, universi­ basic rights for all Americans. It asserts that ties, parent­teacher associations, or securing this justice for victims, who still are student organizations; or members of too often denied basic rights and services, criminal and juvenile justice agencies, helps ensure justice for all—that a country ecumenical congregations, local busi­ that recognizes and responds to the signifi­ nesses, the service industry, or the news cant impact of crime on victims is more fair, media. Encourage diversity and collabo­ equitable, and just to its broader citizenry. ration with underserved populations. Resource Guide Overview

• Exchange contact information, Section 3: Camera­Ready Artwork Section 6: Statistical Overviews including e­mail addresses, to and Resources • 2008 NCVRW Black­and­White facilitate ongoing communication Poster (11” x 17”) • Statistical Overviews (one­page among committee members. summaries of the most current • Logos, Buttons, and Magnets • Create or update mailing lists for crime statistics) event invitations and other materials. • Bookmarks > Overview of Crime Victimization • Ribbon Cards • Draft a timetable that includes in the United States committee meetings, tasks, dead­ • Name Tags and Table Card > Campus Crime lines, and areas of responsibility. • 2008 NCVRW Letterhead > Child Victimization • Develop a contact sheet of local • Certificate of Appreciation > Cost of Crime and Victimization media outlets to notify when you • Information and Referrals Contact schedule special events (see “Sec­ > Disabilities and Victimization List tion 4: Working with the Media”). > Domestic Violence/Intimate • Crime Clock (in English and • Coordinate planning for 2008 Partner Victimization Spanish) National Crime Victims’ Rights > Drunk and Drugged Driving • Three Public Awareness Posters in Week with other awareness and English > Elder Victimization prevention campaigns held during > Hate and Bias Crime Victimization April, including National Child • Three Public Awareness Posters in Abuse Prevention Month, National Spanish > Homicide Sexual Assault Awareness Month, > Human Trafficking National Volunteer Week, and Section 4: Working with the Media > Identity Theft and Financial Crime National Youth Service Days. • Sample News Release > Internet Victimization • Sample Public Service Announce­ > Mental Health Consequences

2008 NCVRW Resource ments of Crime

Guide Contents • Sample Opinion/Editorial Columns > School Crime and Victimization Section 1: Overview of the > Sexual Violence Resource Guide Section 5: Landmarks in Victims’ > Stalking Rights and Services > Substance Abuse and Crime Victimization Section 2: Maximizing Communica­ Crime Victims’ Rights in America: tion and Awareness An Historical Overview > Teen Victimization • Commemorative Calendar > Terrorism • Notable Quotables > Workplace Violence • Sample Proclamation • Accessing Information: OVC Resource Center and Other Services • Sample Speech • NCVRW Resource Guide Partners • Extend Your Reach through Partnerships • Resource Guide Evaluation Form • Ideas for Special Events

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE Resource Guide Overview

“pledge” images that inspire and serve CD­ROM of the These three formats can help simplify replication of Resource Guide as a powerful reminder that until we 2008 NCVRW Resource materials and make it easier to achieve justice for victims, we cannot

Guide incorporate this year’s artwork into any attain justice for all. Proudly display The enclosed CD­ROM (inserted into digital or hard­copy piece, including this poster in your agency or office, folder pocket) features all camera­ event flyers, slideshow presentations, at local community centers, or in any ready artwork included in the 2008 television broadcasts, public service public gathering space. announcements, and print advertise­ NCVRW Resource Guide. The CD will If you automatically received this ments. allow you to incorporate the artwork Resource Guide in the mail, you will into other materials you may develop The entire contents of the 2008 also receive one copy of the theme and to add local contact information NCVRW Resource Guide can be accessed poster in a separate mailing tube. in the spaces provided. in electronic format at www.ovc.gov/ A limited number of additional copies New! For the first time, this ncvrw/2008/welcome.html. of the poster can be purchased for a year’s CD­ROM contains digital color small shipping fee by visiting the images in readily accessible formats. OVC Resource Center at www.ncjrs.gov,

This exciting development enables Introductory Theme clicking on the Publications/Products anyone with a computer and a color DVD tab, and requesting Order Number printer to print the 2008 theme PS000019. Other NCVRW resources are The 5­minute introductory theme products in color with ease. available online at www.ovc.gov/ DVD (inserted into pocket folder) is ncvrw. ■ The camera­ready artwork is a wonderful public awareness tool provided in three formats: and a tribute to crime victims and the advocates and public servants who 1. QuarkXpress® 6.0 files, including work with them. Use the DVD to open the fonts and images required to ceremonies and luncheons, kick off correctly open and print the artwork. your public awareness and education To view these files, the user must have events, or inspire local media to cover QuarkXPress for MacIntosh, version NCVRW events and topics. New! This 6.0 or higher. year’s DVD also includes a 30­second television public service announce­ 2. JPEG files available in both black ment, ready to air on local channels, and white and color. These individual with room for your contact information. images may be placed in graphics programs, in various word processing programs, and on Web sites. 2008 NCVRW Theme Poster 3. PDF files in black and white and This year’s full­size (22” x 28”) poster, color that can be opened with Adobe declaring the 2008 NCVRW theme, Acrobat Reader, available for free “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” download at www.adobe.com/ invokes a sense of community and products/acrobat/readstep2.html. commitment with its dignified design A full copy of Adobe Acrobat is needed and provides an elegant backdrop to to add text to the PDF artwork. any 2008 NCVRW event. This year’s Full copies may be purchased at artwork features individual and group www.adobe.com/products/acrobat.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The National Center for Victims of Crime greatly National Center for Victims appreciates the opportunity to partner with the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. of Crime Department of Justice, on the 2008 National Crime Team Members Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide, and especially Mary Gleason Rappaport, Project Director wishes to acknowledge the many contributions and Kristi Rocap, Publications Coordinator efforts of Kimberly Kelberg and Maria Acker, who Elizabeth Joyce, Senior Writer served as program managers. Jack Fleming, Project Assistant This project would not have been possible without Susan Howley, Senior Project Advisor the support of Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Ilse Knecht, Project Specialist Office of Justice Programs Cybele K. Daley, Director of the Office for Victims of Crime John Gillis, and staff Contributors from the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice JEB Design, Inc., Arnold, MD Programs, U.S. Department of Justice: Joye Frost, 202design, Washington, DC Pamela Leupen, Joy Davis, Sharnese Diggs, John Harpe, Video/Action, Inc., Washington, DC Kerrie Kang, Olivia Schramm, and Mary Birdwell. UNICOR and Progress Printing

This product was prepared by the National Center for Victims of Crime, supported by Grant Number 2007­VF­GX­K015, awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.

4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE 2 ■ MAXIMIZING COMMUNICATION AND AWARENESS

National Crime Victims’ Rights Week (NCVRW) events on the calendar, and provide links to is an annual observance to bring the victim additional information. You can browse the assistance community together to raise listings and search for and add information public awareness about victims’ rights, about your own conferences, meetings, protections, and services. This year’s theme training sessions, ceremonies, or other “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” upcoming events. (Access the calendar by summons the nation to make justice for all visiting http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/ovccalendar.) victims a national priority. Our task is to convince our fellow Americanss to join u in achieving this goal. The 2008 NCVRW Notable Quotables Resource Guide offers useful tools to share This section lists famous quotations that National Crime Victims’ Rights Week messages you can use in speeches, statements, and with the widest possible audience. outreach materials to place this year’s The Maximizing Communication and theme, “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” Awareness section helps communities plan in historical and cultural context. The words activities, visual displays, and public of famous thinkers can anchor and deepen statements to increase the impact of their your thinking about the concept of justice National Crime Victims’ Rights Week for all. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s famous observances. These resources can help you “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice prepare speeches, proclamations, and events everywhere,” for example, eloquently captures th at show why justice for victims advances the meaning and significance of the 2008 theme the national ideal of justice for all. —offering a powerful springboard for any state­ ment on National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Commemorative Calendar

Our nation, states, and communities observe Sample Proclamation many annual events that focus on specific National Crime Victims’ Rights Week ceremonies crim es (e.g., domestic violence, sexual often include proclamations from public assault), honor law enforcement agencies officials—governors, mayors, or county (e.g., National Police Week, National Correc­ council chairpersons—recognizing the human tional Officers’ Weekr promote ), o public impact of crime and committing their juris­ service (e.g., National Youth Service Days, dictions to raise awareness of victims’ rights National Mentoring Month). The commemora­ and needs during that week. Officials often tive calendar lists the dates of many of these hold public signings of these proclamations observances, ass contact well a information and invite sponsoring agencies and local for the primary sponsor of each event. This med ia to attend the event. To request formal calendar can simplify your planning and proclamations, contact your government suggest potential partners for National Crime officials’ offices at least one month in Victims’ Rights Week. advance, and plan to feature the proclamations OVC Events Calendar. The Office for Victims in your promotional literature and events. of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice offers an excellent, constantly updated calendar to help victims, Sample Speech victim service providers, allied professionals, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week is an and other interested individuals plan, opportunity to educate your community promote, and locate events of interest to about victims’ issues. Many ceremonies, the victim services community in your area. conferences, training sessions, and obser­ Organizations are welcome to include vances call for speeches and statements national, state, and local victim­related thaet explore th year’s theme and Maximizing Communication and Awareness explain victims’ needs. This year’s arts and crafts, festivals and outings, selected 64 public agencies, nonprofit versatile theme, “Justice for Victims. contests, displays, or athletic events— programs, community­based victim Justice for All.,” reminds our nation to observe National Crime Victims’ service organizations, faith­based that victims’ concerns affect everyone Rights Week. Each year, the Office for organizations, and community coali­ because we are all vulnerable to crime. Victims of Crime (OVC), Office of Justice tions to receive these grants. You can Appeal to your audience—students; Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, visit NAVAA’s Web site (http://cap. church organizations; the Rotary, Lions, offers Community Awareness Project navaa.org) for ideas on how these or Kiwanis Clubs; the League of Women grants to encourage and support such communities planned their National Voters; or local businesses and hospi­ creativity. Last year, through a cooper­ Crime Victims’ Rights Week events. tals—by choosing issues that directly ative agreement with the National Some of these ideas appear among the affect them. A downtown civic organiza­ Association of VOCA Assistance Admin­ more than 30 special­event ideas tion might want to hear about homicides istrators (NAVAA), OVC competitively featured in this Resource Guide. ■ and witness intimidation, for example, and the local chamber of commerce about identity theft. You can start with Tips for Using the Theme DVD a story about an actual or fictionalized Take a moment to review the DVD accompanying this year’s Resource Guide. It victim with whom your audience might includes two high­quality videos—a 5­minute feature and a 30­second television identify. Use your speech to describe public service announcement (PSA)—that you c an use in special­event and media the problem and propose some realistic outreach activities. steps your community might take to help solve it. Adapt the sample speech Ideas for using the Theme DVD: to engage your listeners in seeking • Use the 5­minute video to open a news conference on victims’ rights. justice for victims and justice for all. • Incorporate the video into activities you are already planning for National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. (It’s a powerful way to begin a candlelight vigil, panel discussion, or reception at your facility.) Extend Your Reach • Create your own public awareness event around a special screening of the video. through Partnerships • Encourage allied professionals to show the video at staff meetings and Partnerships allow both large and small board retreats. organizations to expand their resources and their outreach for National Crime • Encourage faith­based organizations to use the video in their social justice outreach work. Victims’ Rights Week. By working with professionals in allied fields, corpora­ • Share the video with local media as a catalyst to encourage coverage of events tions and businesses, schools, civic during National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. (Let your broadcasting friends organizations, public agencies, and know they are welcome to use clips of the longer video in their features.) faith communities, you can plan, • Send the PSA to local TV stations to promote the week or your own events. advertise, and maximize the impact Space ist the included a end of the PSA to add local contact information; of your observance. Once your organi­ many stations will add this additional information fore you (Se script on zation decides to participate in the pag e 5 in Section 4: Working with the Media.) week’s events, identify potential Tip s for holding your own screening: partners, contact them right away, and • Choose a location where your audience will be comfortable watching the explore ways to cosponsor the best video. eIt should b quiet and dark, with seating if possible. National Crime Victims’ Rights Week your community has ever observed. • You will need a DVD player, good speakers, and a large monitor or screen to properlye show th video at an event. If you do not have your own equipment, you can rent these items from a professional audiovisual company. You can Ideas for Special Events also choose a location with an in­house system. (Many hotels, schools, libraries, and conference facilities provide this service.) Communities adopt unique strategies— through media outreach, ceremonies,

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE 2008 COMMEMORATIVE CALENDAR

The most effective outreach efforts are those that continue beyond a single day, week, or month. Fortunately, as this commemorative calendar shows, opportunities abound throughout the year to educate your community about the impact of crime and the ongoing need to help victims rebuild their lives.

JANUARY APRIL NATIONAL CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES’ WEEK CRIME STOPPERS MONTH NATIONAL CHILD ABUSE May 4­10, 2008 Crime Stoppers International PREVENTION MONTH American Correctional Association 800­850­7574 Prevent Child Abuse America 800­222­5646 www.c­s­i.org 312­663­3520 www.aca.org www.preventchildabuse.org NATIONAL MENTORING MONTH NATIONAL POLICE WEEK MENTOR NATIONAL SEXUAL ASSAULT May 11­17, 2008 703­224­2200 AWARENESS MONTH Concerns of Police Survivors, Inc. www.mentoring.org National Sexual Violence Resource Center 573­346­4911 717­909­0710, 717­909­0715 (TTY) www.nationalcops.org www.nsvrc.org NATIONAL STALKING AWARENESS MONTH NATIONAL PEACE OFFICERS’ National Center for Victims of Crime NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ MEMORIAL DAY Stalking Resource Center RIGHTS WEEK May 15, 2008 202­467­8700 April 13­19, 2008 Concerns of Police Survivors, Inc. www.ncvc.org/src U.S. Department of Justice, Office 573­346­4911 for Victims of Crime www.nationalcops.org FEBRUARY 800­851­3420 www.ovc.gov/ncvrw NATIONAL TEEN DATING VIOLENCE NATIONAL MISSING CHILDREN’S DAY AWARENESS WEEK NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE DAYS May 25, 2008 February 4­8, 2008 April 25­27, 2008 National Center for Missing and Texas Advocacy Project, Teen Justice Youth Service America Exploited Children Initiative 202­296­2992 800­843­5678 512­225­9579 www.ysa.org www.missingkids.com www.texasadvocacyproject.org JULY MARCH MAY NATIONAL PROBATION, PAROLE, AND NATIONAL YOUTH VIOLENCE OLDER AMERICANS’ MONTH COMMUNITY SUPERVISION WEEK PREVENTION WEEK Administration on Aging, Department July 13­19, 2008 March 31­April 4, 2008 of Health and Human Services American Probation and Parole National Association of Students 800­877­8339 Association Against Violence Everywhere (SAVE) www.aoa.gov 859­244­8203 and GuidanceChannel.com www.appa­net.org 800­999­6884 ext. 3037 NATIONAL LAW DAY www.violencepreventionweek.org May 1, 2008 American Bar Association 312­988­5000 www.abanet.org

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 3 2008 COMMEMORATIVE CALENDAR

AUGUST NATIONAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AWARENESS MONTH NATIONAL NIGHT OUT National Coalition Against August 5, 2008 Domestic Violence National Association of Town Watch 303­839­1852 800­NITE­OUT www.ncadv.org www.nationaltownwatch.org

WEEK WITHOUT VIOLENCE SEPTEMBER October 12­18, 2008 NATIONAL CAMPUS SAFETY YWCAe of th USA AWARENESS MONTH 202­467­0801 Security On Campus, Inc. www.kintera.org/htmlcontent.asp?cid= 888­251­7959 61781 www.securityoncampus.org

AMERICA’S SAFE SCHOOLS WEEK NATIONAL YOUTH COURT MONTH October 19­25, 2008 National Association of Youth Courts National School Safety Center 410­528­0143 805­373­9977 www.youthcourt.net www.nssc1.org

NATIONAL SUICIDE PREVENTION WEEK NATIONAL BULLYING PREVENTION September 7­13, 2008 AND AWARENESS WEEK American Association of Suicidology October 19­25, 2008 202­237­2280 PACER Center, National Coalition www.suicidology.org for Parent Involvement in Education, National Education Association, NATIONAL DAY OF REMEMBRANCE and National PTA FOR MURDER VICTIMS 952­838­9000, 952­838­0190 (TTY) September 25, 2008 www.pacerkidsagainstbullying.org National Organization of Parents Of Murdered Children, Inc. NOVEMBER 888­818­POMC MADD, TIE ONER ON FO SAFETY www.pomc.org Mothers Against Drunk Driving 800­GET­MADD OCTOBER www.madd.org NATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION MONTH National Crime Prevention Council DECEMBER 202­466­6272 NATIONAL DRUNK AND DRUGGED www.ncpc.org DRIVING PREVENTION MONTH Mothers Against Drunk Driving 800­GET­MADD www.madd.org

4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE NOTABLE QUOTABLES

“Justice for Victims. Justice f or All.” serves to remind us that this country’s founding principle of liberty and justice for all cannot be fully realized until our nation ensures justice for each and every victim of crime. The following quotations can inspire us to continue the noble fight for rights, protections, and resources that help victims achieve justice and rebuild their lives. These quotations, drawn from a wide array of great thinkers and leaders, can be integrated into speeches, announcements, news releases, and other outreach efforts during National Crime Victims’ Rights Week and throughout the year.

“We must remember that a right lost to one is lost to all.” “The mighty Oak was once a little nut that stood its ground.” William Reece Smith, Jr. (1925 – ) Anonymous

“Justice nis truth i action.” “Fairness is what justice really is.” Benjamin Disraeli (1804 – 1881) Potter Stewart (1915 – 1985)

“All the great things are simple, and manye can b expressed “The only stable state is the one in which all men are equal in a single word: freedom; justice; honor; duty; mercy; before the law.” hope.” Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) Winston Churchhill (1874 – 1965) “All who have accomplished great things have had a great “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We aim, have fixed theirn gaze o a goal which was high, one are caughtn in a inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a which sometimes seemed impossible.” single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, Orison Swett Marden (1850 – 1924) affects all indirectly.” Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929 – 1968) “If we are facing in the right direction, all ow e have to d is keep on walking.” “It is reasonable that everyone who asks justice should Buddhist Saying do justice." Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826) “Dream no small dreams for theyo have n power to move the hearts of men.” “To do injustice is the greatest of all evils.” Goethe (1749 – 1832) Plato (427 – 347 BC) “Anye time w deny anye citizen th full exercise of his “As sjustice long a and injustice have not terminated their constitutional rights, we are weakening our own claim ever renewing fight for ascendancye in th affairs of mankind, to them.” human beings must be willing, when need is, to do battle Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890 – 1969) for the one against the other.” John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873) “In giving rights to others which belong to them, we give rights to ourselves and to our country.” “Truth is the summit of being; justice is the application of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917 – 1963) it to affairs.” Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882)

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 5 NOTABLE QUOTABLES

“The public good is in nothing more essentially interested “We don’t accomplish anything in this world alone... and than in the protection of every individual’s private rights.” whatever happens is the resulte of th whole tapestry of one’s life and all the weavings of individual threads from one to William Blackstone (1723 – 1780) another that creates something.” Sandra Day O’Connor (1930 – ) “What ifs true o every membere of th society, individually, is true of them all collectively; since the rights of the whole can be no more than the sum of the rights of the individuals.” “I have learned this at least by my experiment: that if one advances confidentlye in th direction of his dreams, and Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826) endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.” “The freedom of each individual can onlye be th freedom Henry David Thoreau (1817 – 1862) of all.” Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921 – 1990) “The longest journey starts with a single step.” Lao Tse (6th Century BC) “Of all the tasks of government, the most basic is to protect its citizens from violence.” John Foster Dulles (1888 – 1959)

6 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SAMPLE PROCLAMATION

National Crime Victims’ Rights Week April 13 – 19, 2008

Whereas, 23 million Americans are victims of crime each year, and of those, 5.2 million are victims of violent crime;1 and Whereas, a just society acknowledges crime’s impact on individuals, families, and communities by ensuring that rights, resources, and services are available to help rebuild lives; Whereas, victims’ rights are a critical componente of th promise of “justice fore all,” th foundation for ourf system o justice in America; Whereas, although our nation has steadily expanded rights, protections, and services for victims of crime, too many victims are still not able to realize the hope and promise of these gains; Whereas, we must do better to ensure services are available for underserved segments of our population, including crime victims with disabilities, victims with mental illness, victims who are teenagers, victims who are elderly, victims in rural areas, and victims in communities of color; and Whereas, observing victims’ rights and treating victims with dignity and respect serves the public interest by engaging victims in the justice system, inspiring respect for public authorities, and promoting confidence in public safety; and Whereas, America recognizes that we make our homes, neighborhoods, and communities safer and stronger by serving victi ms of crime and ensuring justice for all; and Whereas, Our nation must strive to protect, expand, and observe crime victims’ rights so that there truly is justice for victims and justice for all; and Whereas, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week—April 13­19, 2008—provides an opportunity for us to strive to reach the goal of justice fory ensuring all b that all victims are afforded their legal rights and provided with assistance as theey face th financial, physical, and psychological impact of crime; and Whereas, [Your Organization] i s joining forces with victim service programs, criminal justice officials, and concerned citizens throughout [Your City/County/Parish/State/Tribe] and America to raise awareness about victims’ rights and observe the 28th National Crime Victims’ Rights Week;

Now, therefore, I, ______, as [Governor/County Executive/Mayor, etc.] of ______, do hereby proclaim the week of April 13­19, 2008, as

National Crime Victims’ Rights Week And reaffirm this [City/County/Parish/State/Tribe’s] commitment to respect and enforce victims’ rights and address their needs during National Crime Victims’ Rights Week and throughout the year; and Express our appreciation for those victims and crime survivors who have turned personal tragedy into a motivating force to improve our response to victims of crime and build a more just community.

______(signature)

______(date)

1Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 1, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, (accessed October 15, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 7 SAMPLE SPEECH

Justice for Victims Advances Justice for All

Imagine that your sister has been murdered. While walking them recovere from th trauma of crime. National Crime home from work one evening, she was robbed, shot, and left Victims’ Rights Week challenges us to ask what justice means to bleed to death. Although the police arrested her murderer, to victims and how we can move closer to achieving the ideal you received no notice about the arraignment, continuances, of justice for all. or other critical events in the case. The defendant was Wh at justice means to victims is both complex and charged with first­degree murder but then—as the case varied, but most victims of crime express the same priorities. entered its third year—allowed to plead guilty to a lesser They wante to b safe and made whole. They want their charge. Your family was not allowed to deliver an impact physical and emotional wounds healed and their property statement a t the sentencing. Then, while the convicted killer restored. They want offenders held accountable for their was serving his 15­year sentence, you received no notifica­ crimes, and they want to take part in the process that holds tions when he w as up for parole. How would you feel? them responsible. They want their communities to stand Until the past few decades, victims of crime and their respectfully behind them as they strive to rebuild their lives. families regularly endured such disappointments and What steps can our nation take to meet these needs? injustices. Then in 1982, President Ronald Reagan estab­ lished the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime, which First, we can acknowledge that crime affects everyone. As the held hearings throughout the nation and recommended better September 11 terrorist attacks, the Virginia Tech massacre, protections for victims’ rights. Every state and the federal and the 23 million crimes committed each year remind us, government has established statutory rights for victims, and crime can strike anyone.1 The impact of crime—such as drive­ to date, 33 states have amended their constitutions to by shootings, domestic violence, or even identity theft— protect those rights. Now the Justice for All Act, passed by leaves families, friends, coworkers, neighbors, and entire Congress in 2004, grants victims new rights in federal communities less secure. In addition to the human impact of proceedingse and th legal standing to have those rights crime, the financial cost of crime is staggering. In 2005, the enforced. This landmark legislation culminates more than total economic loss to victims was $1.4 billion for violent two decades of progress for victims of crime. crime and $15.6 billion for property crime.2 The annual cost of identity theft in 2003 was $5 billion.3 In addition to these Yet despite these advances, victims still face significant costs, the cost of crime to society—for law enforcement, hurdles to attaining real justice. Victims are often not treated prosecution, and corrections; lost wages and productivity; with respect by prosecutors and judges; they are not notified and increased insurance costs—is incalculable. These facts about key deliberations in their criminal case; they fail to show why justice for victims should concern everyone. access the victim compensation to which they are entitled; and they continue to struggle without services that will help Second, we can recognize that victims’ rights promote

1Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 1, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, (accessed October 9, 2007). 2Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal Victimization in the United States, 2005: Statistical Tables,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), Table 82, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ cvus05.pdf, (accessed September 14, 2007). 3Synovate, “Federal Trade Commission—Identity Theft Survey Report,” (September 2003), 6­7, http://www.consumer.gov/idtheft/pdf/synovate_report.pdf, (accessed October 10, 2007).

8 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SAMPLE SPEECH justice—both for victimse and th community. In states where in the head with a rock and threatened to kill her and their legal protections for victims are strong, victims are more children. While the victim sought only a protection order, likely to know their rights, participate in the criminal justice the team recognized that she mightn be i more serious system, view criminal justice officials favorably, and express dangere than sh realized. more overall satisfaction with the system.4 Jurisdictions that The victim advocate from the sheriff’s office mete with th honor victims’ rights—to a speedy trial, for example—reduce victim to explain that her husband had committed a crime the risk of witness intimidation and promote a swift and sure and to ask if she wanted to file criminal charges. The victim response to crime. Authorities that notify victims of changes then reported the crime to the police, who investigated and in the status of their offenders promote victim safety, help charged the husband with attempted murder. The child prevent further crime, and encourage victimsy involvedto sta welfare department petitioned the court to remove the in the case. Courts that order restitution to victims and children from the father’s custody and prevent visitation. enforce these orders hold offenders accountable to the victim The prosecutor worked with the police in collecting evidence, and society. Honoring victims’ rights, then, serves both and the Department of Health and Human Services helped victimse and th public interest. the victim relocate to a sheltere until th husband was Finally, we can serve victims more effectively. Those arrested. The Department of Corrections pretrial staff harmed by crime need help to understand their rights, monitored the husband, who had a series of mental health negotiate the criminal justice system, and access needed problems, to ensure that he received psychiatric services. Many jurisdictions have found innovative, victim­ services. When the defendant was sent to a psychiatric centered approaches to support victims and combat crime. hospital for evaluation and escaped, the victim was notified The comprehensive, integrated, interagency programs set and the defendant was recaptured. At last report, the up throughout the country to reduce domestic violence are defendant was awaiting trial, and the victim and her children just one example of such promising approaches. were safe and doing well. [SUGGESTION: Substitute an example from your community in Such approaches, which mobilize all the community’s place of the following two paragraphs.] resources, are available on some level to all communities. Even without additional funding, each community can A recent case from a county outside Washington, DC, identify, assemble, and target resources to improve public show s how such programs work. An interagencyf team o safety while effectively supporting victims. professionals from law enforcement and social service agencies in Montgomery County, Maryland, called ALERT Seeking justice for victims serves our nation’s highest (Assessment Lethality Emergency Responce Team), meets ideals. As we honor victims at ceremonies this National every week to review all protection order filings and deter­ Crime Victims’ Rights Week, let us commit ourselves to mine the best way to support the victims and expedite the serving them better every weeke of th year. By investing in case s. In one case, for example, the team reviewed a protec­ justice for victims, we move closer to achieving justice tion order request from a woman whose husband had hit her for all. ■

4D. Kilpatrick, D. Beatty, S. Howley, The Rights of Crime Victims—Does Legal Protection Make a Difference, (Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 1998).

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“Justice for Victims. Justice fsor a All.” i lofty and demanding ideal. Moving our nation toward that ideal means building steadilye on th progress victims have already made. National Crime Victims’ Rights Week offers an opportunity for victims and their advocates to join forces, identify shared objectives, and engage the community in meeting victims’ needs. A s you plan for National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, reach out to your established partners and then try to find a few more alliese in th victim services and allied fields. Brainstorm with staff members and volunteers about potential partners, and check your community services directories for other organizations with missions that complement yours. Businesses, corporations, and civic organizations, for example, strongly promote public safety. Public officials, government agencies, and educational institutions want to support victims and reduce crime. The following list offers ideas on partnerships you might consider for 2008 National Crime Victims’ Rights Week.

security checks, auto theft prevention moting public safety. Team up with Allied Professionals strategies, and crime alert bulletins. you r local medical and dental society, You can form partnerships with Invite law enforcement spokespeople nurses’ association, and physical and professionals in criminal justice, to participate in your educational occupational therapy groups to raise social services, and health care to plan forums, community day activities, their members’ awareness about the National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. and public service announcements. sign s and impact of violence. Invite Such professionals understand the Prosecutors and corrections and you r local hospitals to host information hurdles confronting victims as they probation officers can also offer fairs and professional forums, display assert their rights and se ek the services prevention education about domestic outreach posters and banners, and they need. Identify a few key issues violence, sexual assault, robbery, work with their board members to your organization shares with these and other crimes that concern the support and promote National Crime regular allies and develop a joint community. Some communities have Victims’ Rights Week. strategy for National Crime Victims’ “business watch” coalitions, partner­ Mental Health Professionals Rights Week. ships between businesses and law Mental health professionals know Law Enforcement Professionals, enforcement agencies to promote th at crime can induce psychological Prosecutors, and Corrections and public safety. Ask these coalitions to trauma, and they may have victims of Probation Officers help you plan events, support your crime in their care. You can work with outreach, and display NCVRW posters Criminal justice professionals offer mental health professionals’ associa­ in their businesses. powerful resources for outreach tions to raise their members’ awareness Healthcare Professionals campaigns. They may provide their own about the impact of crime. You can spokespeople and printed materials Healthcare providers see the impact of also supply these professionals with for community education. Police crime firsthand when they treat victims information about victims’ rights and departments may offer crime prevention of violence. Associations that represent services, safety planning, victim education—security demonstrations, healthcare professionals have a strong compensation, and other issues to personal safety workshops, home interest in preventing crime and pro­ share with their patients. Invite mental health professionals to join community anti­violence coalitions Powerful Partnership with U.S. Postal with counselors, teachers, school Inspection Service administrators, and parents. (See the For the third year ine a row, th U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS), in American Psychological Association’s partnership with the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), a componente of th Office Act Against Violence program at of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, has devised a public awareness http://actagainstviolence.apa.org for campaign to help raise awareness of crime victims’ rights and services that ideas about teaching violence preven­ targets customers frequenting post officese around th nation during the month tion.) Mental health professionals can of April 2008. Posters highlighting National Crime Victims’ Rights Weeke will b support your outreach through their displayed in major post offices throughout the country. professional publications and commu­ nications networks.

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cards with crime prevention and and ethnic groups, banks, media, Businesses and victim assistance tips. Give i t a list healthcare organizations, and govern­ Corporations of resources—such as the National ment agencies.o A call t your community Businesses make excellent National Center for Victims of Crime’s National development agency director or a Crime Victims’ Rights Week partners Crime Victim Helpline (1­800­FYI­CALL) meeting with the agency staff may because they want safe environments and Web site, www.ncvc.org; the Na­ generate all the contacts you need to for their customers, employees, and tional Crime Prevention Council Web identify partners for National Crime merchandise. They also gain respect site, www.ncpc.org; or the Office for Victims’ Rights Week. and loyalty by supporting campaigns Victims of Crime Web site, www.ovc. that help their communities. Busi­ gov—which they can use to help travel­ nesses can offer resources, planning ers protect themselves and know where Faith Communities tools, advertising and marketing skills, to turn in an emergency. Invite them to Churches, synagogues, mosques, and and sites to display posters, banners, help you plan, publicize, and observe other houses of worship are natural and other outreach materials for National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. allies for National Crime Victims’ Rights National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Week planners. Many faith communities You can approach individual businesses have social action committees that or enlist entire segments of the busi­ Civic Organizations volunteer their time and skills for civic ness community by approaching groups Millions of Americans serve their events. Such volunteers can help plan that represent them. communities by donating their time and conduct activities and outreach Chambers of Commerce and service to civic organizations. campaigns. Churches, dioceses, and Ask for a few minutese on th agenda National Crime Victims’ Rights Week interfaith councils often have sophisti­ of your local chamber of commerce planners can work with veterans’ cated communications networks that meeting. Explain this year’s theme, organizations, professional retirees’ can dramatically expand your National “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” groups, parent­teacher organizations, Crime Victims’ Rights Week outreach; and invite the Chamber to contribute arts and crafts clubs, Kiwanis and they may have bilingual staff and to the campaign. Ask for members’ Rotary Clubs, museum and art gallery newspapers to reach many ethnic help in planning messages and design­ boards, volunteer political advisory groups within their faith communities. ing coordinated outreach to the boards, neighborhood watch groups, Members of the clergy can speak at community. Send speakers to Chamber Boys and Girlse Clubs, th YMCA, and ceremonies and memorials. You can of Commerce events, and ask the other community organizations to plan also honor religious communities and Chamber to poll its members on how and host events, distribute materials, leaders who have found innovative businesses mightn share i observing and encourage their members to ways to help victims and have mobi­ National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. volunteer their services to observe lized the community to reduce crime. At your awards ceremony, present an National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. awa rd to the business leader or leaders Groups representing communities of who have distinguished themselves in col or (e.g., Hispanic, Asian Caribbean, Public Agencies or African communities) can offer helping victims and preventing crime. Public agencies have vast distribution volunteers, translators, and guidance Visitors’ and Convention Bureaus networks to reach the communities on the needs of their community’s they serve. Libraries, regional centers, Because tourists want to visit safe crime victimse and th best avenues agencies for youth and seniors, cities, visitors’ and convention to reach them. commissions for women, and ethnic bureaus have a strong interest in crime Community Development Agencies community liaison agencies can link prevention and victim support. Partner National Crime Victims’ Rights Week with your local convention bureau both Community development agencies have planners to your entire community. The during National Crime Victims’ Rights ties to a vast range of community list below suggests how these agencies Week and throughout the year. Offer businesses and organizations: city and can work as NCVRW partners. the bureau useful tools, such as palm county planners, builders, retailers, community neighborhood associations

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 1 EXTEND YOUR REACH THROUGH PARTNERSHIPS

Libraries Senior Agencies Schools Public libraries can host forums Senior centers, county commissions Working with school systems provides and exhibits, display posters and on aging, area agencies on aging, access to children, parents, school brochures, display books on crime protective services agencies, and your system staff, and entire neighbor­ prevention and response, and offer city, county, and state consumer hoods. Schools can hold art, banner, space to community groups to plan protection agencies might collaborate poster, and essay contests to publicize events and strategies to protect on outreach to seniors on crimes that National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, their communities. disproportionately affect them, such as and winners’ work can be exhibited in Minority Liaison Offices financial fraud, scams, and elder abuse. schools and other public buildings. Victims of crime in minority communi­ Middle­ and high­school teens can ties may urgently need help from Public Officials launch their own outreach campaigns— the larger community. Minority using resources from schools’ art and community members may come from Public officials play a paramount role drama departments and communica­ countries where authorities were not in National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. tions studios—to publicize the week. trusted and victimso have n rights. Be sure to enlist their advice, endorse­ Schools can host assemblies, films, They may not understand their rights, ment, and support. Invite them to debates, forums, and plays on issues how to report crimes, or even which serve as masters of ceremony, and the students choose to feature, and acts constitute crimes. Some cities and involve them and their staffse in th schools may grant community service counties have employees who serve as coalitions you build to support the credits to students who volunteer to liaisons to minority communities. These event. Keep them posted about your help with National Crime Victims’ progress, and publicize their contribu­ officials can help identify the greatest Rights Week activities. ■ educational needs in these communi­ tions to National Crime Victims’ Rights ties and devise the most useful NCVRW Week. strategies for these populations.

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Every year, communities devise unique approaches to Week through its NCVRW Community Awareness Project observing National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. initiative. OVC selects applicants based on proposed They use ceremonies, media outreach, arts and crafts, collaboration, innovation, community impact, media festivals and outings, contests, displays, or athletic events involvement, and experience with victims’ issues. to raise awareness about the challenges, rights, and needs Thiss your year, community a plans its 2008 NCVRW of victims of crime. Every year, the Office for Victims of Crime observances, you can adapt aeny of th following creative (OVC) competitively selects jurisdictions throughout the ideas—many from past OVC­funded Community Awareness United States to receive partial funding for public awareness Projects—to explore this year’s theme, “Justice for Victims. events and activities during National Crime Victims’ Rights Justice for All.”

National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Special Events

Art Exhibits Grocery Bag Campaigns Candlelight Vigils/Observances Information Expos/Fairs Clothesline Exhibits Initiative Announcements Commemorative Displays Media Outreach • Balloon Memorials Rallies/Kickoff Events • Commemorative Quilts Signs: Billboard, Poster, and Lawn Sign Campaigns • Empty Seat a t the Table Sports Tournaments • Empty Shoes Theater Infomercials • Memorial Bench Training Events • Memorial Walkways Tree/Flower Plantings • Memorial Walls Underserved Victims • Silhouette Display • Ethnic Communities Community Days • Victims with Disabilities Crime Victims’ Rights Community Calendar Walk/Run for Victims’ Rights Dramatic Presentations Youth Events Educational Forums • Art, Poetry, and Poster Contests Film Festivals • Community Breakfasts • School Outreach

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Art Exhibits Candlelight Vigils/ Commemorative

Drawings, paintings, and visual displays Observances Displays powerfully convey victims’ experiences, Candlelight vigil ceremonies open Communities devise a rich array of building empathy and support. Com­ National Crime Victims’ Rights Week in visual displays to remember and honor munities can organize art exhibits by Washington, DC, and in many commu­ victims of crime. inviting local artists, school art nities throughout the nation. At state Balloon Memorials programs, victims of crime, or advo­ capitols, local courthouses, city halls, At a candlelight ceremony in Flint, cates to submit art that reflects and and other sites, communities honor Michigan, balloons floated over the magnifies this year’s theme. In Boston, victims and those who have contributed city, each commemorating a victim and the Massachusetts State House significantly to victims’ lives. You can each released by someone close to that presented an art exhibit by girls invite local officials, school groups, victim. The event, sponsored by the incarcerated at the Spectrum Girls’ choirs, artists, and service groups to Flint City Attorney’sf Office o Victim Detention Center in Dorchester to participate. Be sure to invite local Advocacy Program and its partners, show the impact of violence on young media to cover the event, and send focused on victims and resources avail­ people. The paintings were part of the photos to your community newspapers able for them. Also, in Columbus, Ohio, “Violence Transformed” exhibite of th and organization newsletters. Victims of Violence program at the Parents Of Murdered Children released Cambridge Health Alliance. In Raleigh, nearly 300 balloonse with th names North Carolina, a Victims’ Expression Clothesline Projects of local homicide victims, ass well a display presented b y the Governor’s 32 orange and maroon balloons to An “Air Your Laundry in Public” display Crime Commission included art, remember the victimse of th Virginia at an NCVRW event in Covington, Ken­ poetry, pictures, and stories. In Hamil­ Tech murders. tucky, included a clothesline of T­shirts ton County, Indiana, Prevail (a victims’ Commemorative Quilts painted by crime victims to depict their support organization) papered the personal experiences. The event was Quilts have a powerful hold on the community with creatively decorated part of a wider outreach campaign that American imagination. Early in our stars, each designed by a crime victim included signs, flyers, posters, newspa­ history, entire communities produced or someone close to a victim as pe r ads, and radio and television public original designs to express their reminders that crime can strike service announcements in English and patriotism, celebrate the westward anywhere. Spanish. Many communities through­ movement of American settlers, and Art can take many different forms. out the nation presented similar commemorate the history of a young At a Chico, California, event cosponsored displays to share victims’ perceptions nation. Following that tradition, by the Abuse Prevention Council of about the impact of crime on their modern communities often create Butte County and a host of community lives, including Albuquerque, New quilts to honor victims during National victim service organizations, service Mexico; Concord, New Hampshire; Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Local providers and victims presented an art Flushing, New York; Santa Ana, businesses may donate supplies, and project using pre­made fence sections California; Orange Park, Florida; Sioux volunteers from schools and local to honor victims’ rights. The fence was Falls, South Dakota; and Wilkes Barre, organizations can each contribute displayed during the week a t an event Pennsylvania. a patch. You can arrange for local held in the Crime Victims’ Memorial organizations to display the quilt Garden. In Gainesville, Florida, victims during National Crime Victims’ Rights designed and painted tilese to b Week and throughout the year. mounted onto a park gazebo during an Commemorative quilts played a role annual NCVRW park event. in recent NCVRW observances in Fresno, California; Allentown, Harrisburg, and Lancaster, Pennsylva­ nia; Richmond, Indiana; and Reno, Nevada.

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Empty Seat at the Table Advocacy Council, the Metro Atlanta In Shreveport, Louisiana, the Caddo District Attorney’s Office, and the Parish Sheriff’s Office and its partners An “Empty Seat at the Table” display U.S. Attorney’s Office. Other obser­ distributed a calendar featuring victim paid tribute to homicide victims in vances featured similar memorial wall service information. NCVRW organizers Gainesville, Florida, at the NCVRW displays, such asn those i Pine Bluff, in Allen County, Indiana, distributed events sponsored by the Alachua Arkansas; in Binghamton, New York; free copiese of th Crime Victims’ Rights County Sheriff’s Office. A similar and at Southern Illinois University in Community Calendar, with inserts exhibit was presented in Orange Park, Belleville, Missouri. about community service providers, Florida, at events sponsored by Quigley local and nationwide crime victimiza­ House, Inc., and local victim service Silhouette Displays tion, statistical information on violence agencies, law enforcement depart­ At the Rochester, New York, Civic and crime victims’ rights, and contact ments, and prosecutors’ offices. Center Plaza,f a group o red, life­size information for all community victim silhouettes stood silently, representing Empty Shoes Display service providers and their special women killed by domestic violence. At an NCVRW kickoff event in Collin events, ass national well a toll­free This Silent Witness exhibit, one of County, Texas, dozens of pairs of victim assistance telephone numbers. several local NCVRW events, drew shoes—baby shoes, tennis shoes, work legislators who want to strengthen boots, and flip flops in all sizes and laws against domestic violence. Dallas, colors—covered the courthouse lawn. Dramatic Presentations Each pair of shoes represented one Texas, presented a similar silhouette A survivor’s monologue titled “Reveal­ victim of crime who “walked through” display a t the Collin County Courthouse ing Frankie” was featured a t the “Day the county criminal justice system and during National Crime Victims’ Rights of Healing and Education” held by the waysthehelped b victim assistance Week. Anna Maria College’s Molly Bish Center uniet during th previous year. for the Protection of Children and the Memorial Bench Community Days Elderly and its partners in Paxton, Massachusetts. Also, Pennsylvania In Dedham, Massachusetts, the Norfolk Family fun days rally entire communities State University’s Misciagna Family County Sheriff’s Office and its partners around a worthy cause. Sponsors may Center f or the Performingn Arts i dedicated an engraved granite offer food, music, drawings, games, Altoona presented “Body in Motion,” Memorial Bench to victims of crime. puppet shows, and other popular a powerful drama based on Howard Memorial Walkways attractions. In Fredericksburg, Virginia, Zehr’s Transcending: Reflection of Crime the Rappahannock Council Against In Albany, New York, the Memorial Victims, a book of photographs and Sexual Assault and its partners held a Brick Dedication Ceremony at the New essays drawn from interviews with Family Fun Day for Crime Victims’ York State Crime Victims Memorial in crime victims throughout the country. Rights and collaborated with area the Empire State Plaza honors all restaurants to distribute information victims of crime in the state. Each year about victimization. In Pahoa, Hawaii, during National Crime Victims’ Rights Educational Forums Week, new bricks are added to the Neighborhood Place of Puna and its During National Crime Victims’ Rights walkwaye and th names on those partners held a resource fair and family Week, the New York State Sheriffs’ bricks are read outs partloudofae th activity—with games and crafts—called Association Institute, Inc., hosted the ceremony, sponsored by the Capital “Celebrate Your Family/Cherish the first statewide New York State confer­ Distri ct Coalition for Crime Victims’ Children.” ence on victim notification systems, Rights, Inc. and the New York counties of Cattarau­ Memorial Walls Crime Victims’ Rights gu s and Erie held conferences on domestic violence. Winona, Minnesota, In Atlanta, Georgia, a memorial wall of Community Calendar County Victim Services and its partners those murdered in Metro Atlanta from Calendars featuring victim­centered presented “Navigating the Criminal 1991 to 2006 was on display at a events can raise your community’s Justice System,” featuring a panel ceremony held by the Crime Victim’s awareness throughout the entire year.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 5 IDEAS FOR SPECIAL EVENTS discussion by crime victims about their new victims’ rights Web site; and Palm Information experience in the criminal justice sys­ Springs, California, its victims’ bill of tem and presentations by probation Expos/Fairs rights. agents on the role of supervising Information “expos” and fairs attract offenders. Boise State University, wide audiences. In Santa Ana, Califor­ Idaho, Department of Criminal Justice, nia, the Victim Assistance Programs of Media Outreach held workshops on victimization for Community Service Programs, Inc., and Many communities worked with local students and the public. In Clovis, their community partners held a newspapers and radio and television New Mexico, the 9th Judicial District victims’ rights week information and stations to reach the widest possible Attorney’s Office and victim agencies resource fair a t the local college cam­ audiences. In Anchorage, Alaska, the presented workshops and offered infor­ pus. College instructors incorporated media campaign of Victims for Justice mation on local services for victims. victims’ rights information into their and its community partners announced curricula, and students received “Shop the week’s events and provided infor­ for Solutions” shopping bags to take mation on victims’ rights and services to providers’ information booths. In Film Festivals through public service announcements; Albuquerque, New Mexico, the Gover­ Films can galvanize support for victims. radio, television, and print advertise­ nor’sf Office o Victim Advocacy and its A t George Mason University in Fairfax, ments; posters; flyers; and other partners hosted a Public Safety/Victim Virginia, NCVRW event organizers materials. Also in West Memphis, Rights Awareness Fair that included showed Breakingf out o the Man Box, a Arkansas, the media campaign by the family activities, art contests, poetry movie and discussion designed for men Mayor’s Victim Advocacy Program and readings by victims, and other NCVRW by men that offers concrete approaches its collaborators included king­size events. Rice County, Minnesota, held a f or ending violence against women. posters on the exterior of public “Passport to Justice” fair in both the In Mariposa, California, Six Street transportation buses, public service county courthouse and the Veteran Cinemas partnered with NCVRW announcements on the local cable Services Administration building, planners to feature nightly films and access channel, newspaper press where “travelers” could stop at individ­ discussions about victims, advertised releases, a new victims’ rights card ual “stations” to learn about victim through the local paper and commu­ in English and Spanish for law services through quizzes and games. nity listservs. enforcement to distribute, display At each stop, participants’ passports boards, posters, and NCVRW promo­ were stamped and they received a tional itemss bookmarks, such a key prize, which included the community Grocery Store chains, ribbons, and bumper stickers. Campaigns crisis hotline number or a list of com­ munity victim assistance resources. Grocery stores offer a great medium to Rallies/Kickoff Events share information with entire commu­ nities. NCVRW organizers use grocery Initiative Many communities kick off their NCVRW bags, grocery bag inserts, grocery store Announcements observance with rallies and ceremonies windows and bulletin boards, and to honor victims of crime. Kentucky’s Many states and localities chose grocery carts to distribute messages. opening rally, presided over by the National Crime Victims’ Rights Week to The City of Warsaw, Indiana, Police state attorney general, honored introduce legislation or announce Department/Victim Assistance Pro­ victims, victim advocates, families of initiatives to advance victims’ rights. gram, which worked with community victims, law enforcement officers, Alabama announced its new domestic and victim service organizations, and prosecutors, and community volun­ violence protocols handbook; Indiana, the Cochise County Attorney’s Victim teers. Other communities—such as its new VINE victim notification pro­ Witness Program and its partners in Winona, Minnesota, and Sioux Falls, gram; Missouri, new publications on Bisbee, Arizona, advertised National South Dakota—held “Take Back the domestic violence and crime victims’ Crime Victims’ Rights Week through Night” ralliesn focused o sexual rights; Mount Vernon, New York, its grocery bag inserts. assaults and other crimes that often anti­identity theft program; Oregon, its

1 6 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE IDEAS FOR SPECIAL EVENTS take place at night. Hundreds of com­ pledge and received information on Tree and Flower munities (including Biloxi, Mississippi; victimization. Des Moines, Iowa; Huntington, West Plantings Virginia; and Miami, Florida) held Tree­ and flower­planting ceremonies ceremonies, luncheons, and dinners to Theater Infomercials send a message of life and hope. Each honor victims of crime and those who year in Oswego County, New York, a NCVRW “infomercials,” produced serve them. different community is chosen to host through partnerships with local the­ a tree­planting ceremony in honor of aters, build public awareness about victi ms of crime. In other states, victimization. For ten weeks, Kenai, communities that held tree plantings Signs: Billboard, Alaska, theaters played infomercials included Albuquerque, New Mexico; Poster, and Lawn Sign (slides with a brief audiotaped narra­ Detroit, Michigan; and Gainesville, Campaigns tive) advertising local victims’ services and distributed brochures and informa­ Florida. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, Billboards, posters, lawn signs, tional bookmarks to ticket holders. held a flower­planting ceremony in and signs in retailers’ windows are In Mariposa, California, organizers the victims’ garden at the attorney low­tech, high­impact public aware­ purchased theater ad space to promote general’st a o ffice. A Victims for Justice ness tools. The Chico, California, Child awareness about victims’ rights and Tree Ceremony in Anchorage, Alaska, Abuse Prevention Council of Butte to publicize phone numbers of local the public tied ribbons of different County and its partners used four service agencies. In Salamanca, New colors around trees to represent billboards in four towns during York, Cattaraugus Community Action, different types of crimes, and in Flint, National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Inc., and the Seneca Nation of Indians Michigan, ribbons to commemorate and bus posters throughout the county and their partners promoted National victims were tied to a tree outside city fo r the entire month. In Hawaii, where Crime Victims’ Rights Week with a two­ hall. Brockton, Massachusetts, commu­ billboards are not allowed, the Neigh­ minute movie trailere on th effects of nity groups unveiled a peace garden in borhood Place of Puna and its partners crime; in Utica, New York, the YMCA a downtown park, in one of the city’s waved signse along th highways and of the Mohawk Valley developed a high­crime neighborhoods. printed “shoe cards” with emergency 15­second crime victims’ awareness numbers and contact information for infomercial to be shown during the victim­serving organizations. intermission at local movie theaters. Underserved­ Population Campaigns Sports Tournaments Ethnic Communities Training Events In Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the In Dublin, Georgia, the Victim Witness In Arizona and Utah, the attorneys Corrections Corporation of America, Assistance Program of the District general hosted forums on serving the Arizona Department of Corrections, Attorney’s Office held a Meet & Greet victims in isolated communities; in and the Oklahoma Department of event for underserved populations, Kansas, the governor and attorney Correctionse held th Governor’s Cup including the local Hispanic and Indian general hosted the state’s tenth annual Golf Tournament for Crime Victims’ communities. The Korean American conference on crime victims’ rights. Rights to benefit the Oklahoma Crime Fami ly Service Center in Flushing, New At Boise State University, the Idaho Victims’ Assistance Fund and the York, and the New York University Department of Criminal Justice held Oklahoma Correctional Employees’ Asian/Pacific/American Institute and workshops on victimization for the Memorial. In New Orleans, Louisiana, APA youth alliance issued NCVRW general public. Clovis, New Mexico, the Crescent House Healing and public service announcements and held held victims’ resource forums, and in Empowerment Center and its partners an event targeting young people in the College Station, Texas, the Rape Crisis promoted National Crime Victims’ Asian/Pacific/American community. In Center of Brazos held a two­day confer­ Rights Week by hosting a 3­on­3 Baker City, Oregon, Mayday, Inc., the ence on crimes against all victims. basketball tournament in which all police department, and its partners participants signed a non­violence worked with local grocery chains to

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 7 IDEAS FOR SPECIAL EVENTS advertise National Crime Victims’ Rights of Oregon, and partners distributed Youth Events Week and offer victim assistance infor­ “Disability Awareness and Crime mation in many languages, including Victims’ Rights Toolkits” with videos, Art, Poster, Poetry, and Essay Korean, Chinese, Hmong, Tagalog, and guidebooks, posters, and other Contests Indian. A similar campaign in Blaine, resources for victims with disabilities. Contests can deepen entire communities’ Minnesota, distributed bookmarks with understanding of what it meanse to b a information about victim services in victim of crime. English, Russian, and Spanish. Walk or Run for In Adel, Iowa, the Crisis Interven­ Many NCVRW outreach campaigns tion and Advocacy Center, working with included bilingual outreach materials, National Crime Victims’ local high schools, a printing company, such as flyers for the Victims’ Rights Rights Week businesses, and grocery stores, Community Day in McAllen, Texas; Tribes United in Victim Awareness sponsored a poster art contest in three billboards in Gatesville, Texas; mag­ March local county high schools. Local nets, bookmarks, and victims’ rights At the “Tribesn United i Victim libraries displayed the posters for handouts at resource booths in Bisbee, Awareness” march in Nevada, six tribes judging, and the local newspaper Arizona; victims’ rights cards in West walked 20 miles from their homes and printed the winning poster. Kalamazoo, Memphis, Arkansas; brochures in Chico, met a t a central point to sign a Michigan, held a teen essay contest on California; public service announce­ memorandum of understanding to bullying, and Staten Island, New York, ments in Inverness, Florida; business combat child abuse, domestic violence, held a poster contest on teen relation­ storefront poster campaigns in Adel, and eldert theabuse. A joint celebra­ ship abuse. The Coryell County Crime Iowa, and Brockton, Massachusetts; tion that followed, the tribes distrib­ Victims’ Office in Gatesville, Texas, held and bumper stickers in Hewitt, uted promotional items about victims’ a poster contest with elementary New Jersey. rights and services. The event was and middle­school students (with a Persons with Disabilities sponsored by the Fallon Paiute­ nonviolence and victims’ rights theme). Shoshone Tribe, Walker River Paiute In Hartford, Connecticut, the Aetna Community Breakfasts Foundation Children’s Center, Saint Tribe, Yerington Paiute Tribe, Yomba In West Memphis, Arkansas, the Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Shoshone Tribe, McDermitt Paiute Mayor’s Victim Advocacy Program and and its community partners, including Tribe, Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe, the its community partners hosted a child Deaf service organizations, launched a Nevada Statewide Native American identification day and a “Kids Are campaign directed to the Deaf commu­ Coalition, and victim services Our Business” breakfast to promote nity. Activities included a video service program staff. National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. announcement in American Sign In Bisbee, Arizona, the Cochise The Rape and Abuse Crisis Center of Language about victimization and County Attorney’s Victim Witness Pro­ Fargo­Moorhead, North Dakota, worked victims’ rights and services, “Deaf gram and its community partners held with local law enforcement and schools Coffee Chat” information sessions at an NCVRW Walk/Run. Communities that to host a “Kids Are Our Business” Deaf community gatherings, and a held similar events for victims included breakfast, focused on child abuse. 40­minute film (titled “Do Tell”) for the Belleville and Chicago, Illinois; Golden, The partners followed up the breakfasts Deaf about child abuse and neglect. A Colorado; Knoxville, Texas; Los Angeles, with public service announcements on media campaign in Inverness, Florida, California; New Orleans, Louisiana; local cable stations. included public service announcements Richmond, Indiana; and Torrance, in American Sign Language on televi­ California. Yuma, Arizona, held a “Walk sion, radio, and movie theaters. In a Mile in Their Shoes” walkathon to Portland, Oregon, Portland State honor victims of crime. University, the Brain Injury Association

1 8 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE IDEAS FOR SPECIAL EVENTS

Outreach to Schools In Montgomery, Alabama, VOCAL (a victim services organization) collaborated with the county school system to distribute crime victim resource information at assemblies in each middle school and high school. The Flint, Michigan, City Attorney’s Office Victim Advocacy Program made presentations at four local high schools to explore violent crime and its impact. Also, the Foothills Alliance and its partners in Anderson, South Carolina, made presentations to middle­ and high­school students about safety and preventing assaults. ■

2 0 0 8 N C V R W R E S O U R C E G U I D E ■ 1 9 3 ■ CAMERA­READY ARTWORK

The 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide offers a 2. JPEG files available in both black and range of professionally developed, camera­ white and color. These individual images may ready artwork for use during National Crime be placed in graphics programs, in various Victims’ Rights Week and throughout the word processing programs, and on Web year. These ready­made designs will unite sites. (Please note that the public awareness your public awareness campaign with NCVRW posters are available only in black and events across the country. To enhance your white.) outreach efforts for years to come, add local contact information in the space provided. 3. PDF files in black and white and color that can be opened with Adobe Acrobat This year’s NCVRW theme—“Justice for Reader, available for free download at Victims. Justice for All.”—is woven through­ www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/ out the camera­ready artwork, which may readstep2.html. A full copy of Adobe be printed in black and white or in the 2008 Acrobat is needed to add text to the PDF theme colors, blue violet (PMS #273C) and artwork. Full copies may be purchased at olive green (PMS #575C). Fonts used in the www.adobe.com/products/acrobat. 2008 design include “Verdana,” “Bernhard Modern,” and “ITC Officina Sans,” for Macin­ tosh and are included in the CD­ROM Quark These three formats make Resource Guide folders. (“Verdana” is widely accessible, and materials accessible to a variety of users for PC users may substitute “Times New Roman” an array of purposes. Easily incorporate this or another serif for “Bernhard Modern” or year’s artwork into any digital or hard­copy “ITC Officina Sans.”) Easily reproduced on piece, including public service announce­ your own photocopy machine or by a local ments, print advertisements, outreach “quick copy” vendor, the enclosed black­and­ materials, and media kits. white, camera­ready sheets are 8.5” x 11” with a ” margin to minimize reproduction The 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide camera­ready costs. The public awareness posters contain ¼ artwork is available for free download at white space for the addition of local contact www.ovc.gov/ncvrw/2008/welcome.html. information; if you are unable to add this text yourself, many print or copy shops will do so for a small fee. Camera­Ready Artwork New! For the first time, this year’s Contents CD­ROM contains digital color images in • 2008 NCVRW Black­and­White Poster. readily accessible formats. This exciting development enables anyone with a computer Back by popular demand, this year’s guide includes an 11” x 17”, black­and­ and a color printer to produce buttons, magnets, letterhead, bookmarks—any of the white version of the 2008 NCVRW theme poster. Easy to reproduce, this poster 2008 theme products—in color with ease. It also facilitates large digital print runs at contains space to add local contact information. local quick­copy vendors. • Logos, buttons, and magnets. These popular and cost­effective giveaways Camera­Ready Formats serve as long­lasting reminders to on CD­ROM the public of the realities of crime victimization and the need to truly For your convenience, the accompanying achieve justice for victims and justice CD­ROM contains all camera­ready artwork for all. in three electronic formats: • Bookmarks. Multiple designs allow you to select different information for the 1. QuarkXpress® 6.0 files, including the front and back of each bookmark based fonts and images required to correctly open on your preference. Space is provided to and print the artwork. To view these files, the add local contact information. A heavy user must have QuarkXPress for Macintosh, paper stock, such as 80­pound cover version 6.0 or higher. Camera­Ready Artwork

stock, is recommended for these • Information and Referrals Contact pieces. List. Distribute this information at Get Help! local NCVRW events and through­ • Ribbon cards. To make ribbons for Many local establishments, particularly out the year. Request permission these cards, cut two eight­inch vendors with whom you have an to post it in public spaces, such as strands of blue violet and olive existing relationship, would be happy libraries, schools, grocery stores, green ribbon at a bias and form a to donate graphics and printing and community centers. Send loop; secure them to the ribbon services, or to provide supplies at cost. copies to area physicians, police card with a two­inch stick pin. Correctional agencies often provide departments, and victim­serving Local school or community printing and assembly services at agencies to post in waiting rooms, groups—even prison programs— reduced fees, and even local community and encourage these community may wish to help with assembly. or faith­based centers may be willing groups to post the electronic copy These cards work best with a heavy to help photocopy and distribute (located on the CD­ROM) online. paper stock (at least 80­pound materials. Your community can unite in The contact list is also a useful cover). as many ways as your imagination handout for training and technical • Name tags and table card. For use allows to help raise public awareness assistance programs as well as at ceremonies, meetings, and about crime victims’ rights, protections, human resource departments in conferences, these materials add a and services. local businesses. ■ touch of formality to your proceed­ • Crime Clock. The Crime Clock ings. Add text to this artwork to dramatizes the scope of victimiza­ reflect specific events or cospon­ tion and educates communities sors. about the rate and impact of • Letterhead. Great for community crime. These national prevalence partnerships or event organizers, statistics cover a wide range of this letterhead can be used in any crimes distributed over periods of written communication related to time. Provided separately in both your NCVRW efforts. Letters of English and Spanish, the Crime introduction, requests for sponsor­ Clock includes space to add local ship, news releases, public service contact information. announcements, fact sheets, and • Public Awareness Posters. The 2008 event announcements will all NCVRW Resource Guide features six benefit from this marketing piece. new black­and­white public aware­ The names of NCVRW partners, ness posters, which can be personal­ planning committee members, or ized with local contact information, sponsoring organizations can for use throughout the year: be added to the bottom of the letterhead. 1. Be a Voice—targeted to anyone who might intervene on behalf • Certificate of Appreciation. Publicly of a child’s safety express your appreciation and admiration for crime victims and 2. It Doesn’t Matter—targeted to those who serve them by present­ sexual assault victims ing them with a certificate. Printed 3. Campus Crimes—targeted to on parchment, fine paper, or victims of crime on college attractive card stock, certificates campuses should include the recipient’s 4. Be a Voice (translated into name in calligraphy (either hand­ Spanish) written or with the help of a word processor), the name of the public 5. It Doesn’t Matter (translated figure or organization presenting into Spanish) the certificate, and the date on 6. Campus Crimes (translated into which it is given. Spanish)

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE

NCVRW Logos, Buttons, and Magnets

NATIONAL TOLL-FREE NUMBERS

Battered Women’s Justice Project 800-903-0111 Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Country Child Abuse Hotline 800-633-5155 Childhelp USA National Hotline 800-4-A-CHILD Child Welfare Information Gateway 800-394-3366 Federal Trade Commission Identity Theft Hotline 877-ID-THEFT WE CAN HELP. Mothers Against Drunk Driving 800-GET-MADD National Center for Missing and 800-843-5678 Victim service providers help Exploited Children TDD 800-826-7653 victims rebuild their lives. National Center for Victims of Crime, 800-FYI-CALL National Crime Victim Helpline TTY 800-211-7996 We can help you learn about National Children’s Alliance 800-239-9950 your legal rights and options, National Clearinghouse for Alcohol 800-729-6686 NATIONAL cope with the impact of crime, and Drug Information Español 877-767-8432 TDD 800-487-4889 CRIME access victim compensation, National Crime Prevention Council 800-NCPC-911 develop a safety plan, and National Criminal Justice Reference Service/Office for VICTIMS’ navigate the criminal justice Victims of Crime Resource Center 800-851-3420 and social service systems. National Domestic Violence Hotline 800-799-SAFE RIGHTS TTY 800-787-3224 National Fraud Information Hotline 800-876-7060 WEEK If you or someone you know National Organization for is a victim of crime, you are NATIONAL Victim Assistance 800-TRY-NOVA not alone. Call us. National Organization of Parents Of CRIME Murdered Children, Inc. 888-818-POMC APRIL National Resource Center on 800-537-2238 VICTIMS’ Domestic Violence TTY 800-553-2508 13-19, National Sexual Violence 877-739-3895 RIGHTS Resource Center TTY 717-909-0715 2008 Office for Victims of Crime Training 866-OVC-TTAC WEEK and Technical Assistance Center TTY 866-682-8880 Rape, Abuse, & Incest National Network 800-656­ HOPE If you or someone you Resource Center on Domestic Violence, know is a victim of Child Protection and Custody 800-527-3223 Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Justice • Office of Justice Programs crime, help is available. ■ Office for Victims of Crime APRIL 13-19 2008 Camera-Ready Artwork for NCVRW Ribbon Card

Version 1

NATIONAL NATIONAL CRIME CRIME VICTIMS’ VICTIMS’ RIGHTS RIGHTS WEEK WEEK

APRIL APRIL 13-19, 13-19, 2008 2008

Boldly declare Boldly declare that justice that justice for all requires for all requires justice for justice for victims by victims by wearing this wearing this ribbon during ribbon during 2008 National 2008 National Crime Victims’ Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Rights Week.

Version 2

NATIONAL NATIONAL CRIME CRIME VICTIMS’ VICTIMS’ RIGHTS RIGHTS WEEK WEEK

APRIL APRIL 13-19, 13-19, 2008 2008 Educate your Educate your community about community about the rights and the rights and needs of crime needs of crime victims—for victims—for justice, for respect, justice, for respect, and for a voice in and for a voice in the aftermath of the aftermath of crime—by wearing crime—by wearing this ribbon during this ribbon during 2008 National 2008 National Crime Victims’ Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Rights Week. Camera-Ready Ar k fortw or NCVRW Name T le Cardabags/T

NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK I APRIL 13-19, 2008

NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK I APRIL 13-19, 2008 2008 NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK 2008 NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK

CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION

PRESENTED TO

FOR OUTSTANDING SERVICE ON BEHALF OF VICTIMS OF CRIME

DATE PRESENTED BY NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK ■ APRIL 13­19, 2008

Information and Referrals about Victims’ Rights, Services, and Criminal & Juvenile Justice Resources Battered Women’s Justice Project 800­903­0111 Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Country Child Abuse Hotline 800­633­5155 Childhelp USA National Hotline 800­4­A­CHILD Child Welfare Information Gateway 800­394­3366 Federal Trade Commission Identity Theft Hotline 877­ID­THEFT Mothers Against Drunk Driving 800­GET­MADD National Center for Missing and Exploited Children 800­843­5678 TDD 800­826­7653 National Center for Victims of Crime, National Crime Victim Helpline 800­FYI­CALL TTY 800­211­7996 National Children’s Alliance 800­239­9950 National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information 800­729­6686 Español 877­767­8432 TDD 800­487­4889 National Crime Prevention Council 800­NCPC­911 National Criminal Justice Reference Service/ 800­851­3420 Office for Victims of Crime Resource Center National Domestic Violence Hotline 800­799­SAFE TTY 800­787­3224 National Fraud Information Hotline 800­876­7060 National Organization for Victim Assistance 800­TRY­NOVA National Organization of Parents Of Murdered Children, Inc. 888­818­POMC National Resource Center on Domestic Violence 800­537­2238 TTY 800­553­2508 National Sexual Violence Resource Center 877­739­3895 TTY 717­909­0715 Office for Victims of Crime Training and Technical Assistance Center 866­OVC­TTAC TTY 866­682­8880 Rape, Abuse, & Incest National Network 800­656­HOPE Resource Center on Domestic Violence, Child Protection and Custody 800­527­3223

Sponsored by: U.S. Department of Justice • Office of Justice Programs • Office for Victims of Crime Crime Clock1 Homicide One person is murdered every 31 minutes.2

Rape One person is raped every 2.7 minutes.3

Assault One person is assaulted every 7.2 seconds.4

Theft One home is victimized by theft every 2.3 seconds.5

Burglary One home is burglarized every 9.1 seconds.6

Domestic Violence One woman is victimized by an intimate partner every 1.3 minutes. One man is victimized every 6.7 minutes.7

Child Abuse and Neglect One child is reported abused or neglected every 35 seconds.8

Drunk Driving One person is killed in an alcohol­related traffic crash every 29 minutes.9

Identity Theft One person becomes a victim of identity theft every 8.7 seconds.10

Elder Abuse One elderly person is victimized every 2.7 minutes.11

Hate Crime One hate crime is reported to the police every 73 minutes.12

1 NOTE: All calculations were conducted by the National Center for Victims of Crime 9 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, “Traffic Safety Facts: Crash Stats: utilizing the data from sources cited. 2006 Traffic Safety Annual Assessment – A Preview,” (Washington, DC: U.S. 2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime in the United States, 2005: Murder,” (Wash­ Department of Transportation, 2007), http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/portal/nhtsa_ ington, DC: Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ static_file_downloader.jsp?file=/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/NCSA/Content/RNotes/20 05cius/offenses/violent_crime/murder_homicide.html, (accessed August 22, 2007). 07/810791.pdf, (accessed October 19, 2007). 3 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of 10 Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc., “New Research Shows Identity Fraud Justice Statistics, 2005), 3, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, Growth Is Contained and Consumers Have More Control Than They Think,” (accessed October 19, 2007). (Arlington, VA: Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc., 2006), https://secure. platy 4 Ibid., 2. pusvideo.com/articlenews/article.php?articleID=25, (accessed October 19, 2007). 5 Ibid., 3. 11 Teaster et al., “The 2004 Survey of State Adult Protective Services: Abuse of Adults 6 Ibid. 60 Years of Age and Older,” (Washington, DC: National Center on Elder Abuse, 7 Ibid., 9. 2006), 5, http://www.elderabusecenter.org/pdf/2­14­06%20FINAL%2060+REPORT. 8 Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment, 2004,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Department pdf, (accessed October 19, 2007). of Health and Human Services, 2005), 23, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/ 12 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Hate Crime Statistics, 2005,” (Washington, DC: pubs/cm04/cm04.pdf, (accessed August 3, 2007). U.S. Department of Justice, 2006), 1, http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2005/docdown load/incidentsandoffenses.pdf, (accessed August 20, 2007).

www.ncvc.org • 1­800­FYI­CALL

SPONSORED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ★ OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ★ OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME Reloj de la delincuencia1

Homicidio Una persona es asesinada cada 31 minutos.2

Violación Una persona es violada cada 2.7 minutos.3

Agresión Una persona es agredida cada 7.2 segundos.4

Hurto Un hogar es objeto de hurto cada 2.3 segundos.5

Robo Un hogar es sometido a robo cada 9.1 segundos.6

Violencia doméstica Una mujer es agredida por un compañero íntimo cada 1.3 minutos. Un hombre es agredido cada 6.7 minutos.7

Abuso y negligencia infantiles Se realiza una denuncia de abuso o negligencia infantil cada 35 segundos.8

Ebriedad al conducir Una persona muere en un accidente de tráfico relacionado con el alcohol cada 29 minutos.9

Fraude de identidad Un persona se convierte en víctima de robo de identidad cada 8.7 segundos.10

Abuso de ancianos Un anciano se convierte en víctima cada 2.7 minutos.11

Delito de odio Se denuncia un delito motivado por el odio a la policía cada 73 minutos.12

1 NOTA: Todos los cálculos de tiempo son realizados por el Centro Nacional para (Washington, DC: Departamento de Transportes de EE.UU. [U.S. Department of Víctimas del Delito utilizando datos de fuentes citadas. Transportation], 2007), http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ portal/nhtsa_static_file_down 2 Buró Federal de Investigaciones, “La delincuencia en los Estados Unidos, 2005: loader.jsp?file=/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/NCSA/Content/RNotes/2007/810791.pdf Asesinato” [“Crime in the United States, 2005: Murder”], (Washington, DC: Buró (visitado el 19.10.07). Federal de Investigaciones, 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/violent_ 10 Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc., “Investigaciones nuevas indican que el crec- crime/murder_homicide.html (visitado el 22.08.07). imiento del fraude de identidad se encuentra contenido y que los consumidores tienen 3 Shannan M. Catalano, “Victimización delictiva, 2005” [“Criminal Victimization, más control del que creen tener” [“New Research Shows Identity Fraud Growth Is 2005”], (Washington, DC: Buró de Estadísticas Judiciales, 2005), 3, http://www. Contained and Consumers Have More Control Than They Think”], (Arlington, VA: ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf (visitado el 19.10.07). Council of Better Business Bureaus, Inc., 2006), https://secure.platypusvideo.com/ 4 Ibid., 2. articlenews/article.php?articleID=25 (visitado el 19.10.07). 5 Ibid., 3. 11 Teaster et al., “La encuesta de Servicios Estatales de Protección del Adulto: abuso de 6 Ibid. adultos de 60 años de edad y mayores” [“The 2004 Survey of State Adult Protective 7 Ibid., 9. Services: Abuse of Adults 60 Years of Age and Older”], (Washington, DC: Centro 8 Buró del Menor [Children’s Bureau], “Malos tratos infantiles, 2004” [“Child Mal- Nacional de Abuso de Ancianos [National Center on Elder Abuse], 2006), 5, treatment, 2004”], (Washington, DC: Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos http://www.elderabusecenter.org/pdf/2-14-06%20FINAL%2060+REPORT.pdf de los EE.UU., 2005), 23, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm04/cm04. (visitado el 19.10.07). pdf (visitado el 03.08.07). También disponible en papel. 12 Buró Federal de Investigaciones, “Estadísticas de delitos motivados por el odio, 9 Administración Nacional de Seguridad de Tráfico en Carreteras [National Highway 2005” [“Hate Crime Statistics, 2005”], (Washington, DC: Departamento de Justicia Traffic Safety Administration], “Datos de seguridad de tránsito: estadísticas de de EE.UU., 2006), 1, http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2005/docdownload/incidentsand choques: evaluación anual de seguridad de tránsito de 2006 – Un vistazo preliminar” offenses.pdf (visitado el 20.08.07). [“Traffic Safety Facts: Crash Stats: 2006 Traffic Safety Annual Assessment – A Preview”],

www.ncvc.org • 1-800-FYI-CALL

PATROCINADO POR: DEPARTAMENTO DE JUSTICIA DE LOS EE.UU. # OFICINADEPROGRAMASJUDICIALES # OFICINA PARA VÍCTIMAS DEL DELITO 83509 DOJVR C.qxp 12/19/07 1:18 PM Page 10

Can you hear what we’re not saying?

Child abuse shatters dreams and leaves deep emotional and, sometimes, physical scars— often behind impenetrable walls of silence. Be a voice for these children. Report child abuse.

www.ncvc.org • 1-800-FYI-CALL

SPONSORED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE # OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS # OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME It doesn’t matter…

Who it was. What you What your sexual were wearing. orientation is.

What you Whether you Whether you are were doing. were drinking. male or female.

For a sexual assault victim, being believed and supported does matter. Whether you choose to report it or not, we can help.

www.ncvc.org • 1­800­FYI­CALL

SPONSORED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ★ OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ★ OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME CollegeCollege Campus Campus oror Crime Crime Scene? Scene?

Most campus crime doesn’t make the headlines, but every year tens of thousands of college students become victims of stalking, sexual assault, homicide, robbery, and other crimes. If you or someone you know is a victim of crime, there is hope. There is help. Call us.

www.ncvc.org • 1­800­FYI­CALL

SPONSORED BY: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ★ OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ★ OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME 83509 DOJVR C.qxp 12/19/07 1:19 PM Page 13

¿Puedes oír lo que no decimos?

El abuso infantil destruye los sueños y deja profundas cicatrices emocionales y, a veces, físicas—a menudo detrás del muro impenetrable de silencio. Sé una voz para estos niños. Denuncia el abuso infantil.

www.ncvc.org • 1-800-FYI-CALL

PATROCINADO POR: DEPARTAMENTO DE JUSTICIA DE LOS EE.UU. OFICINA DE PROGRAMAS JUDICIALES OFICINA PARA VÍCTIMAS DEL DELITO No importa...

Quién fue. Qué ropa Cuál es tu tenías puesta. orientación sexual.

Qué estabas Si estabas Si eres varón haciendo. tomando. o mujer.

Para una víctima de abuso sexual, lo que sí importa es que le crean y apoyen. Ya sea que decidas informarlo o no, podemos ayudarte.

www.ncvc.org • 1­800­FYI­CALL

PATROCINADO POR: DEPARTAMENTO DE JUSTICIA DE LOS EE.UU. ★ OFICINA DE PROGRAMAS JUDICIALES ★ OFICINA PARA VÍCTIMAS DEL DELITO ¿¿CamCamppusus uniunivvererssiittarariioo oo esesccenaena ddelel crcriimmenen??

La mayoría de los delitos ocurridos en campus universitarios no llegan a los titulares, pero todos los años miles de estudiantes universitarios pasan a ser víctimas de acecho, abusos sexuales, homicidio, robos y otros delitos. Si tú o alguien que conoces es víctima de un delito, hay esperanza. Hay ayuda disponible. Llámanos.

www.ncvc.org • 1­800­FYI­CALL

PATROCINADO POR: DEPARTAMENTO DE JUSTICIA DE LOS EE.UU. ★ OFICINA DE PROGRAMAS JUDICIALES ★ OFICINA PARA VÍCTIMAS DEL DELITO 4 ■ WORKING WITH THE MEDIA

Pay particular attention to local stories INTRODUCTION of concern to your organization. You can Crime captures headlines. Whether it is a call reporters directly and offer yourself or theft at a local store or a brutal attack in a your colleagues as experts. If the media college dorm room, crimes of all types make cover “your” story (or other stories you find headlines—in the newspapers, on television, relevant), follow up with a thank­you letter on the radio, and online. Yet how many or e­mail to the reporter and the editor, Americans really understand the overall especially if they do a particularly good job. impact of crime and the importance of Throughout the publicity­building process victims’ rights to every citizen? be sure to return media calls quickly and National Crime Victims’ Rights Week provide all the available information that (NCVRW) offers a chance to look beyond the you can appropriately share. headlines—to show that crime affects not only victims but everyone. The 2008 NCVRW theme, “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,” Gaining Coverage suggests that because anyone can become To attract coverage, think like a reporter. a victim of crime, every citizen has a power­ The media view news as either “hard” ful stake in victims’ rights. Failure to honor (e.g., new national crime statistics, new sex these rights tarnishes our national ideal of offender laws) or “soft” (e.g., how the victim justice for all. of a brutal assault is learning to live with his To convey this compelling message to a disabilities). The media will usually view broad audience, you need to build relation­ National Crime Victims’ Rights Week as soft ships with the media. You want to become an news, unless high­profile crimes or related ally and a trusted source who reporters will hard news events take place during the week. seek out when covering victims and crime. By thinking about what messages might Building effective media relations for interest reporters, you increase your chances National Crime Victims’ Rights Week can of being covered. Build your message frame­ enhance your organization’s success work around this year’s theme, “Justice for throughout the year. Victims. Justice for All.” You may want to focus on failures to notify domestic violence victims about the release of their abusers

Getting to Know Reporters from jail, the denial of a victim’s right to Whether you are a “news junkie” or not, make an impact statement, communities by regularly monitoring local newspapers, that increase public safety by honoring listening to radio programs, and watching victims’ rights, or witness intimidation. local news and cable television programs on Feature local events that showcase the important issues, you can become an expert importance of this year’s theme for your on which reporters cover criminal justice, community. legal, public policy, social, and health Emphasize the human impact of a crime. stories. This information is as close as your Show what happens when a victim’s rights computer, as virtually all news organizations are denied. For example, what happens to have Web sites. Make a list of reporters who victims when trials drag on for three years? cover issues you care about, and update it How does a domestic violence victim feel regularly. (See “Media Lists” on the following when her abuser is released from jail and no page for more tips.) one notifies her? Although crime trends or Working with the Media statistics are important, readers and Sample News Release Sample Public Service viewers will remember powerful victim News releases alert news organizations testimony, such as a murder victim’s Announcements about the information you would like mother lamenting that no eye wit­ Public service announcements (PSAs), to publicize. The more professional the nesses would testify against the gang brief on­air messages that serve the news release, the more likely that that killed her child. public interest, can support your media reporters will give you the publicity efforts by building general public you seek. The Resource Guide offers awareness about victim­related issues you a sample news release that Media Lists and reaching out to crime victims in announces National Crime Victims’ your community. This Resource Guide Simplify your publicity work by prepar­ Rights Week and the kickoff events offers three sample PSA scripts— ing a list of media contacts. Search the in Washington, DC, and includes a a 15­second, 30­second, and 60­second following resources: quotation from John W. Gillis, Director —that you can produce with the support • Yellow and white pages for the call of the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of your local television or radio station. letters and addresses of your city’s of Justice Programs, at the U.S. In each PSA script, you should include radio and television stations and Department of Justice. an organization name, phone number, newspapers; Because local events have the Web site (if available), and e­mail most interest for your local media, be • Local radio and television station address so that listeners and viewers sure to highlight your area’s National and newspaper Web sites; can seek more information. NEW this Crime Victims’ Rights Week events. It’s • Media directories in your local year on the Theme DVD is a broadcast­ also useful to add a one­page summary library. quality 30­second television PSA with that includes the name of the local space for your organization’s contact in­ event, featured activities, date, time, Internet search engines can help formation. (Script provided on page 5.) location, sponsors, a brief description you identify your local media. Once you If your media plan includes a PSA, of the event, and contact information. have identified these media, you can contact the public service departments Use the classic “inverted pyramid” check their Web sites for the names of of your local radio and television style to organize your release: place their editors, producers, and reporters. stations at least two months before your most important information first, You can also check the white and National Crime Victims’ Rights Week to followed by supporting details. yellow phone book pages or ask your learn about their requirements and Conclude with a brief paragraph about local librarian to help you find media deadlines for PSAs. Some radio stations your organization, its mission, and directories that list the names of will accept a “live­copy” script (a its relationship to the event. reporters and editors, reader demo­ public service message read on­air by graphics, the paper’s circulation, and Send out your National Crime an announcer) that you submit. When staff contact information. Some library Victims’ Rights Week news release via you mail the finished PSAs or scripts, systems have telephone reference staff mail, fax, or e­mail at least ten days include a cover letter that encourages who can help you find such information before your event. Make follow­up the radio or television station to quickly. phone calls to offer more information support your public awareness The following sample tools and confirm media participation. campaign. included in this section of the 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide can support your work with the media. Sample Op­ed Column “Op­ed” columns, usually published opposite newspaper editorial columns

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE Working with the Media and often written by guest contributors, attract a wide readership. Op­eds Media Strategies should relate to a current event and offer a new perspective or slant on an • Write to the managing editors of local newspapers and the owners of issue of public interest. You can write radio stations two months before National Crime Victims’ Rights Week to your own column or coauthor the piece request their support for your public service campaign. with another organization. This section • Ask your local media to focus a program or article on victims’ experiences; of the Resource Guide also includes a alert them about the crimes you want to emphasize this year. sample op­ed and tips on how to write • Contact your local cable access talk shows, which are always looking for your own. ideas and often feature local community service agency programs. • Call a few local public relations or marketing firms to ask if they might Other Tips offer free help to plan and implement your campaign. • Share your National Crime Victims’ Rights Week proclamation with your Media Advisories: Two weeks before mayor, county executive, or city council chair (see sample in Section 2); your event you may want to distribute ask them to read the proclamation at their meetings and speaking a media advisory, or media alert—a engagements the week before National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. one­page notification to the media. Media advisories briefly describe a • After events, send high­resolution digital or 35mm black­and­white newsworthy event, such as a news photographs to your local newspapers. Many newspapers may not have conference, candlelight observance, staff to cover such events, but they may print community event photos rally, or open house. An advisory lists that you provide. Be sure to include a caption that identifies each person the “who, what, where, when, and in the photo and provides a brief description of the event. Also provide why” of the event. Follow up your the name and phone number of a person the paper can contact for more media advisory with calls to targeted information. reporters. If any of the major news wire services (such as the Associated Press or Reuters) has a bureau in your city, call their “day book,” which lists each day’s newsworthy events in your community, and ask that your event be listed. Fact Sheets: Reporters need facts and reliable information to add substance to their stories. Prepare fact sheets on the issues you want to highlight for National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. You can include information such as national and local statistics on crime rates, overviews of victims’ rights laws and pending legislation, and details about volunteer activities to support victims of crime. ■

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 3 SAMPLE NEWS RELEASE

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: [Name/Title/Agency] [Date] [Phone Number] [E­mail]

[Your City] Shows Its Support for Crime Victims City Officials and Community Members Participate in Local Observance of National Crime Victims’ Rights Week [City/State]—Citizens joined local officials at events throughout [Your City] today to mark the beginning of National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, April 13­19. These events, coinciding with public rallies, candlelight vigils, and other activities held across the nation, honored victims, their families, and those who serve them. “This year’s theme is ‘Justice for Victims. Justice for All.,’” said [name of local official]. “That means there will be no justice for any of us if we don’t seek greater fairness for victims of crime. It’s time for our community to stand behind those harmed by crime.” Justice for victims has progressed dramatically since the 1980s. All states and the federal government have comprehensive victims’ rights laws, and 33 states have constitutional amendments to protect victims’ rights. Every state has a victim compensation fund, and thousands of victim service agencies help victims nationwide. Important laws, such as the federal Justice for All Act of 2004, extend protections to victims and close gaps in victims’ rights. Despite such impressive progress, however, our nation has a long way to go. Even states with strong victims’ rights laws do not always honor these rights. Jurisdictions may fail to notify victims about court proceedings or offender status, deny them the opportunity to be heard at sentencing, fail to issue or enforce orders of restitution, or fail to inform victims about compensation they are entitled to receive. Some states limit specific rights to victims of violence, and in almost half the states, victims of nonviolent felonies have no rights. “Injustice to victims weakens public safety,” said John W. Gillis, director of the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. “If victims are too discouraged to report crimes or serve as witnesses, our criminal justice system grinds to a halt. Every American has a stake in victims’ rights.” The U.S. Department of Justice will launch National Crime Victims’ Rights Week in Washington, DC, with its annual National Candlelight Observance Ceremony on April 10, and its Awards Ceremony, April 11, to honor extraordinary individuals and programs that serve victims of crime. For additional information about National Crime Victims’ Rights Week and ideas on how to serve victims in your community, please contact [agency/organization] at [area code/telephone number] or visit [agency’s] Web site at [Web site address]. For more ideas on how to volunteer, visit the Office for Victims of Crime Web site, www.crimevictims.gov/volunteers.html. ■ ###

Type your news release, double spaced, on the sample letterhead included in this Resource Guide. Distribute your release to local media outlets at least 10 days before your event.

4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SAMPLE PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENTS

This year’s National Crime Victims’ [your Web site]. Let’s bring justice 30­second PSA Rights Week theme—“Justice for Victims. for victims—and justice for all—to our Justice for All.”—echoes the Pledge of Children’s voices: “…One nation, community. ■ Allegiance to the flag, recited every under God, indivisible, with liberty and morning in schools throughout the justice for all.” United States. You can produce Crime can strike anyone—anywhere. powerful public service announcements New! 30­second An estimated 23 million Americans (PSAs) by drawing on Americans’ become victims of crime every year.1 Broadcast­Quality shared memory of that pledge. And these victims deserve justice. They TV PSA

The following sample PSAs begin need our nation to honor their rights, (featured on Theme DVD) protect their safety, and help them with children’s voices reciting, “One Victim #1: rebuild their lives. This is National nation, under God, indivisible, with I think a lot of people think that Crime Victims’ Rights Week. To find out liberty and justice for all.” If you use justice is retribution. I don’t think how you can help victims, call [your one of these PSAs, ask your local radio that is really what justice is about. number] or visit [your Web site]. station to add to your announcement Justice is about being able to go Let’s bring justice for victims—and a recording of children’s voices reciting to sleep at night. the Pledge. You can also partner with justice for all—to our community. Victim #2: a school system or individual school to Justice means faith that I can do recruit children to record the Pledge something. That my voice matters. of Allegiance at the local radio station 60­second PSA and to join in ceremonies, contests, Victim #3: Children’s voices: “…One nation, and other events. Such a partnership Justice must be equal. And justice under God, indivisible, with liberty and engages the children, parents, school, for crime victims should be at the justice for all.” and community in observing National head of the table. Americans believe in justice for all. Crime Victims’ Rights Week. Tag Line*: Yet to achieve justice for all, we must To learn more about seek justice for victims of crime. justice for victims, please contact us: Victims want offenders held accountable 15­second PSA INSERT LOCAL ORGANIZATION’S for their crimes. And they want our CONTACT INFORMATION Children’s voices: “…One nation, nation to honor their rights, protect under God, indivisible, with liberty and their safety, and help them rebuild justice for all.” their lives. April 13–19 is National *At the end of the PSA, five seconds of “black” are included to which local contact information This is National Crime Victims’ Crime Victims’ Rights Week—a time to can be added. (Note: white or yellow text on a Rights Week, a time to seek justice for improve our community’s response to blue or black screen works best; some TV stations might even be willing to add a voiceover to your victims of crime. To find out how you victims. Victims may need compensa­ contact information.) can help victims, call [your organiza­ tion for their losses, a chance to be tion] at [your phone number] or visit heard in court, or neighbors who [your Web site]. Let’s support justice understand that crime can happen for victims—and justice for all. to anyone. To find out how you can help victims, call [your organization] at [your phone number] or visit

1 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 1, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, (accessed October 15, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 5 HOW TO WRITE AN OP­ED

The most popular page in any newspa­ awareness—of victims’ rights that ■ Show your readers why they per is the editorial page. Readers often affect the course of justice for victims should care. skip past the front page, sports pages, and, ultimately, for everyone. Scan the Example: “What happened to and television listings to find out what headlines and television news for a eight­year­old Ethan Carter could editorial boards and guest writers victims’ rights issue that makes news in happen to anyone’s child. Witness think about the most important issues your community. You might use witness intimidation and drive­by shootings of the day. To let your community know intimidation, for example, as a “hook” that kill innocent children are why National Crime Victims’ Rights to explain why authorities must protect everyone’s concern.” Week is so important, why not write victims and conduct speedy trials. an opinion­editorial (op­ed) about Or you might describe the death of ■ Link your op­ed to National Crime Victims’ Rights Week. “Justice for Victims. Justice for All.” a stalking victim who received no for your local newspaper? notification that her abuser had been Example: “April 13­19 is National released from prison. Such local cases Crime Victims’ Rights Week, when show why seeking justice for victims we focus on how crimes like Purpose of an Op­Ed and justice for all should be everyone’s witness intimidation affect our priority. community.” Op­eds are statements of opinion, often by an independent contributor ■ Support your main idea with rather than a newspaper staff member. two or three points. Op­ed Writers’ Checklist Newspapers customarily publish op­eds Example: on the page opposite the editorial Start with a memorable opening. ■ • “Witness intimidation affected page. Op­eds aim to educate, inform, Example: “On the night he died 40 local murder cases last year.” and often persuade the public about a in a hail of machine­gun fire, particular subject. Op­ed writers may • “Witness intimidation is increas­ eight­year­old Ethan Carter was want to influence the newspaper’s ing nationwide.” riding his bicycle fifty yards from entire readership or a particularly in­ • “Speedy trials and witness pro­ his house. A teenage neighbor fluential group, such as neighborhood tection can make a difference.” who witnessed the crime agreed association leaders. To achieve the to testify against the killers. But ■ Back up your arguments with greatest impact, skilled op­ed writers when his mother received a death facts, statistics, and quotations. strategize before they begin writing. threat on the family’s answering Example: They identify their target audience, machine, the witness quickly • Several prosecutors interviewed what they want that audience to know, withdrew his testimony, and the for a 1996 National Institute of and what steps their readers might prosecutor withdrew the case.” Justice (NIJ) report estimated take to solve the problem. ■ Use the first or second that witness intimidation is a paragraph to state the position factor in “up to 75 to 100 Choosing a Strategy you are taking in your op­ed. percent of the violent crimes Example: “Last year, local courts committed in some gang­domi­ No matter which approach you take, 2 dismissed an alarming number of nated regions.” your op­ed will explore why our nation murder cases because witnesses observes National Crime Victims’ Rights refused to testify. [Your city] must Week every year. Your goal is to alert do more to protect victims and the public about denials—or lack of other potential witnesses.”

2Peter Finn and Kerry Murphy Healy, Preventing Gang­ and Drug­Related Witness Intimidation, (Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice, 1996), NCJ 163067, http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/163067.pdf, (accessed September 17, 2007).

6 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE HOW TO WRITE AN OP­ED

• “We believe that witness intimi­ How to Get Your Op­ed dation allowed these defendants to elude justice,” said Ramon Published Korionoff, a spokesman for ■ Choose local publications that are Prince George’s County State’s likely to accept your submission. Attorney Glenn Ivey, in an ■ Check your newspaper’s guidelines e­mail to the Washington Post.3 on space limits, deadlines, and ■ End with a powerful recap of other requirements (usually the National Crime Victims’ available on the publication’s Rights Week theme. Web site). Example: “Let’s bring justice ■ Find out how to submit the for victims—and justice for all— document: mail, e­mail, or fax. to our community.” ■ Include your name, address, title, e­mail address, and phone Op­Ed Style Tips numbers.

■ Use short words, sentences, and paragraphs. ■ Use an informal, conversational tone. ■ Use active verbs (“he wrote an article,” versus “an article was written” or “there was an article written”). ■ Avoid clichés (e.g., “a chain is only as strong as its weakest link”) and jargon (e.g., “RAM” for random access memory). ■ Limit your op­ed to 750 words (check with your newspaper on length requirements).

3Ruben Castaneda, “2 Killings, Dozens of Witnesses, No Closure,” Washington Post, August 13, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com, (accessed September 17, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 7 SAMPLE OP­ED COLUMN

Justice for Victims Keeps Communities Safe National Crime Victims’ Rights Week 2008: Justice for Victims. Justice for All. Last year’s Virginia Tech massacre reminded us that crime can strike anyone—anywhere. Twenty­three million Americans become victims every year, and violent crime is on the rise in many areas throughout our country.1 In the six years since September 11, 2001, nearly 100,000 people have been murdered in the United States. National Crime Victims’ Rights Week, observed nationwide April 13­19, calls on us to consider the life­changing impact crime has on victims and their loved ones, and to make justice for all victims an urgent priority for our community. On paper, victims have ample access to justice. All 50 states and the federal government have victims’ rights laws that prescribe how to treat victims. Thirty­three states have amended their constitutions to protect victims’ rights. All states have programs to compensate victims for crime­related losses, and legislatures are passing new victims’ rights laws every year. The 2004 Justice for All Act, for example, bolsters the rights of victims in federal court and offers the states a model to continue expanding victims’ rights. Yet many criminal justice systems still do not enforce these rights. Jurisdictions may fail to notify victims about court proceedings or ignore their right to be present in court. They may disregard victims’ right to be informed about compensation or to be heard at sentencing. Court­ordered delays may undermine the right to a speedy trial, interrupting victims’ lives and jeopardizing their recovery. More ominously, many jurisdictions are failing to keep victims safe. Although half the states give victims the right to be “reasonably protected” from offenders during the criminal justice process, frequent accounts of witness intimidation suggest how often such protections fail.2 Local officials may argue that they can’t afford the staff costs required to enforce victims’ rights. So how can jurisdictions— strapped for funds and struggling with crowded court dockets—justify the costs of honoring victims’ rights? First, the cost of indifference to victims’ rights is incalculable. If authorities fail to enforce a protective order or notify a stalking victim when a stalker has been released from jail, victims may decide that reporting crimes or testifying in court is too costly and dangerous. Such failures undermine the safety of entire communities. Second, enforcing victims’ rights can help the criminal justice system work more effectively. A stalking victim who is notified of the stalker’s release from prison can take steps to protect herself and thus prevent another crime. A domestic violence victim whose incarcerated abuser continues to threaten her can give the parole board evidence that he should not be released. Even if the offender is released, corrections officers then know he must be carefully supervised. Such information from victims enhances their own and others’ safety. Other victims’ rights—to a speedy trial, to receive restitution, and to be heard at sentencing—can also help keep communities safe. Speedy trials ensure swift justice, remove offenders from the street, and minimize opportunities for witness intimidation. Court­ordered restitution recognizes and redresses the harm done to victims, forces offenders to directly compensate victims, and discourages further crimes. Allowing victims to confer with prosecutors and be heard at sentencing ensures that judges can take victims’ views into account. And victim impact statements at sentencing can lead to fairer sentences and greater public confidence in the courts. Enforcing victims’ rights protects victims, enhances public safety, and fosters public confidence in our criminal justice system. Communities that support justice for victims invest in achieving justice for all. ■

1Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 1, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, (accessed September 19, 2007). 2Kelly Dedal, “Witness Intimidation: Problem Oriented Guides for Police, Problem Specific Guide Series No. 42,” (Washington, DC: Community Oriented Policing Services, 2006), 5, http://www.popcenter.org/problems/PDFs/witness_intimidation.pdf, (accessed November 6, 2007).

8 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE 5 ■ LANDMARKS IN VICTIMS’ RIGHTS AND SERVICES

Crime Victims’ Rights Key Federal Victims’ Rights in America: An Historical Legislation Overview 1974 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act 1980 Parental Kidnapping Prevention Act During the past four decades, tremendous 1982 Victim and Witness Protection Act progress has been made in securing and 1982 Missing Children’s Act strengthening legal rights, protections, and 1984 Victims of Crime Act services for victims of crime. 1984 Justice Assistance Act Landmarks in Victims’ Rights and Services 1984 Missing Children’s Assistance Act charts that progress—from 1965 to the 1984 Family Violence Prevention and present—by highlighting the enactment of Services Act critical federal and state laws, the growth 1985 Children’s Justice Act of national and community victim service organizations, the release of landmark 1988 Drunk Driving Prevention Act studies and reports that focused national 1990 Hate Crime Statistics Act attention on crime victim issues, and the 1990 Victims of Child Abuse Act development of new victim assistance 1990 Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act strategies that expanded the nation’s 1990 National Child Search Assistance Act capacity to help victims rebuild their lives. 1992 Battered Women’s Testimony Act This historical overview can be a useful 1993 Child Sexual Abuse Registry Act tool to educate your community about just 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law how far victims’ rights have come. Use this Enforcement Act summary document to develop public 1994 Violence Against Women Act awareness messages f or public service 1996 Community Notification Act announcements, presentations, speeches, (“Megan’s Law”) media interviews, op­ed columns, and other 1996 Antiterrorism and Effective Death education efforts during National Crime Penalty Act Victims’ Rights Week and throughout 1996 Mandatory Victims’ Restitution Act the year. 1997 Victims’ Rights Clarification Act The history of the victims’ rights 1998 Crime Victims with Disabilities Act movement is the story of victims, victim 1998 Identity Theft and Deterrence Act advocates, and countless other individuals 2000 Trafficking Victims Protection Act tirelessly working together to bring hope to the millions of individuals, families, and 2001 Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (established communitiesy crime harmed b each year. September 11th Victim Compensation It i s a story of steady, certain progress Fund) that continues today. Standing on the 2003 PROTECT Act (“Amber Alert” law) shoulders of those early advocates and 2003 Prison Rape Elimination Act pioneers, we continue that proud legacy by 2003 Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act rededicating ourselves to making victims’ 2004 Justice for All Act, including Title I rights, protections, and services a reality. The Scott Campbell, Stephanie Roper, We cannot achieve justice for all until we Wendy Preston, Louarnad Gillis, an realize justice for victims. Nil a Lynn Crime Victims’ Rights Act 2006 Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act 2006 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS IN AMERICA

“If wet maintain do no justice, justice will not maintain us.” Francis Bacon, English philosopher and statesman (1561 – 1626)

District Attorneys’ offices, plus battered women is sponsored by 1965 seven others through a grant to the Milwaukee Task Force on • The first crime victim compensation the National District Attorneys Women in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. program is established in California. Association, to establish model • In Fresno County, California, Chief assistance programs for victims, • B y 1970, five additional compensa­ Probation Officer James Rowland encourage victim cooperation, tion programs are created in creates the first victim impact and improve prosecution. New York, Hawaii, Massachusetts, statement to provide the judiciary Maryland, and the Virgin Islands. • The first law enforcement­based with an objective inventory of victim assistance programs are victim injuries and losses at established in Fort Lauderdale, sentencing. Florida, and Indianapolis, Indiana. 1972 • The first hotline for battered • The first three victim assistance • Congress passes the Child Abuse women isy Women’sstarted b programs are established: Prevention and Treatment Act, Advocates in St. Paul, Minnesota. which establishes the National > Aid for Victims of Crime in • Women’s Advocates and Haven Center on Child Abuse and Neglect. St. Louis, Missouri House in Pasadena, California, The new Center establishes an establish the first shelters for > Bay Area Women Against Rape in information clearinghouse and battered women. San Francisco, California provides technical assistance and • Nebraska and Wisconsin become > Rape Crisis Center in Washing­ model programs. the first states to abolish the ton, DC marital rape exemption. 1975 1973 • The first “Victims’ Rights Week” is 1977 • The results of the first National organized by the Philadelphia • The National Association of Crime Crime Victimization Survey are District Attorney. Victim Compensation Boards is released. The survey, commis­ • Citizen activists from across the established by the existing sioned by the President’s Commis­ country unite to expand victim 22 state victim compensation sion on Law Enforcemente and th services and increase recognition programs to promote the creation Administration of Justice, asks of victims’ rights through the of a nationwide network of U.S. household members about formation of the National their exposuret isto crime. I compensation programs. Organization for Victim Assistance intended to complement what is • Oregon becomes the first state to (NOVA). known about crime from the FBI’s enact mandatory arrest in domestic annual compilation of crimes violence cases. reported to law enforcement 1976 agencies. • The National Organization for 1978 Women forms a task force to • The National Coalition Against examine the problem of battering. 1974 Sexual Assault is formed to combat It calls for research into the sexual violence and promote • The Law Enforcement Assistance problem, along with money for services for rape victims. Administration (LEAA) funds the battered women’s shelters. irst victim/witness programs in f • The National Coalition Against the Brooklyn and Milwaukee • The first national conference on Domestic Violence (NCADV) is

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

organized as a voice for the • Congress passes the Parental the Sixth Amendmente of th U.S. battered women’s movement on Kidnapping Prevention Act of 1980. Constitution to guarantee that a national level. “…the victim, in every criminal • Wisconsin passes the first “Crime prosecution, shall have the right to • Parents Of Murdered Children Victims’ Bill of Rights.” (POMC), a self­help support group, be present and to be heard at all • The First National Day of Unity is is founded in Cincinnati, Ohio. critical stages of judicial proceed­ established in October by NCADV to ings…” becomes a vital source of • Minnesota becomes the first state mourn battered women who have new energy to secure state victims’ to allow probable cause (warrant­ died, celebrate women who have rights constitutional amendments. less) arrests in cases of domestic survived the violence, and honor • The Victim and Witness Protection assault, regardless of whether a all who have worked to defeat Ac t of 1982 brings “fair treatment protection order has been issued. domestic violence. standards” to victims and witnesses • The first Victim Impacts Panel i in the federal criminal justice sponsored by Remove Intoxicated system. 1979 Drivers (RID) in Oswego County, • California becomes the first state to • Frank G. Carrington, considered by New York. amend its constitution to address mane y to b “the fathere of th the interests of crime victims by victims’ rights movement,” founds establishing a constitutional right the Crime Victims’ Legal Advocacy 1981 Institute, Inc., to promote the to victim restitution. • President Ronald Reagan proclaims rights of crime victimse in th civil • The passage of the Missing Children’s the first “National Victims’ Rights and criminal justice systems. The Ac t of 1982 helps guarantee that Week” in April. nonprofit organization is renamed identifying information about • The abduction and murder of VALOR, the Victims’ Assistance missing children is promptly six­year­old Adam Walsh prompt a Legal Organization, in 1981. entered into the FBI National national campaign to raise public • The Office on Domestic Violence is Crime Information Center (NCIC) awareness about missing children established in the U.S. Department computer system. and enact laws to better protect of Health and Human Services but • Congress abolishes, through failure children. is latern closed i 1981. of appropriations, the Law Enforce­ • The Attorney General’s Task Force • The World Society of Victimology is ment Assistance Administration; on Violent Crime recommends that formed to promote research many grassroots and system­based a separate national task force be relating to crime victims and victim victim assistance programs close. created to examine victims’ issues. assistance, advocate for victims’ interests, and advance cooperation 1983 of international, regional, and 1982 local agencies concerned with • The Office for Victims of Crime • In a Rose Garden ceremony, crime victims’ issues. (OVC) is established bS.y the U. President Reagan appoints Department of Justice within the members of the Task Force on Office of Justice Programs to Victims of Crime, which holds 1980 implement recommendations from public hearingsx cities in si across • Mothers Against Drunk Driving the President’s Task Force on the nation to focus attention on (MADD) i s founded after the death Victims of Crime. OVC establishes the needs of crime victims. The of 13­year­old Cari Lightner, who a national resource center, trains Task Force’s Final Report offers 68 wasy akilled b repeat drunk­dri­ professionals, and develops model recommendations that become the ving offender. The first two MADD legislation to protect victims’ rights. framework for the advancement chapters are established in Sacra­ of new programs and policies. Its mento, California, and Annapolis, final recommendation, to amend Maryland.

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• U.S. Attorney General William forfeitures, to support state victim • A victim/witness notification French Smith establishes a Task compensation and local victim system is established within the Force on Family Violence, which service programs. Federal Bureau of Prisons. holds si x public hearings across • President Reagan signs the Justice • Victim/witness coordinator the United States. Assistance Act, which establishes positions are established in the • U.S. Attorney General Smith issues a financial assistance program for U.S. Attorneys’ Officese within th the first Attorney General Guidelines state and local government and U.S. Department of Justice. for Victim and Witness Assistance, funds 200 new victim service • California State University, Fresno, which outlines standards for federal programs. initiates the first Victim Services victim and witness assistance and • The National Center for Missing Certificate Program offered for implementation of victims’ rights and Exploited Children is academic credit b y a university. contained in the federal Victim and established as the national • OVC establishes the National Witness Protection Act of 1982. resource agency for missing Victims Resource Center, now • In April, President Reagan honors children. The Center was mandated named the Office for Victims of crime victims i n a White House eas part of th Missing Children’s Crime Resource Center (OVCRC), to Rose Garden ceremony. Assistance Act of 1982. serve as a clearinghouse for OVC • The First National Conference of • The Task Force on Family Violence publications and other resource the Judiciary on Victims of Crime presents its report to the U.S. information. ist the held a National Judicial Attorney General with recommen­ College in Reno, Nevada, with dations f or action, including support from the National Institute improving the criminal justice 1985 of Justice. Conferees develop system’s response to battered • The Crime Victims Fund deposits recommendations for the judiciary women and establishing preven­ total $68 million. on victims’ rights and services. tion and awareness activities, • The National Victim Center • President Reagan proclaims the education and training, and data (renamed the National Center for first National Missing Children’s collection and reporting. Victi ms of Crime in 1998) is Da y in observance of the fourth • The National Minimum Drinking founded in honor of attempted­ anniversary of the disappearance Age Act of 1984 is enacted, provid­ murder victim Sunny von Bulow to of six­year­old Etan Patz. ing strong incentives to states to promote the rights and needs of raise the minimum age for drinking • Wisconsin passes the first Child crime victims and to educate to 21, saving thousands of young Victim and Witness Bill of Rights. Americans about the devastating live s in years to come. • The International Association of effect of crime on our society. • The Spiritual Dimension in Victim Chiefs of Police Board of Governors • The United Nations General Services is founded to involve the adopts a Crime Victims’ Bill of Assembly adopts the Declaration faith community in violence Rights and establishes a Victims’ of Basic Principles of Justice for prevention and victim assistance. Rights Committee to focus atten­ Victims of Crime and Abuse of tion on the needs of crime victims • Congress passes the Family Power that serves as the basis for by law enforcement officials Violence Prevention and Services victim service reform at national nationwide. Act, which earmarks federal and local levels throughout funding for programs serving the world. victims of domestic violence. • President Reagan announces the 1984 • Concerns of Police Survivors Child Safety Partnership to • The passage of the Victims of Crime (COPS) is organized a t the first enhance private sector efforts to Act (VOCA) establishes the Crime police survivors’ seminarn held i promote child safety, clarify infor­ Victims Fund, made up of federal Washington, DC, by 110 relatives mation about child victimization, criminal fines, penalties, and bond of officers killed in the line of duty. and increase public awareness of child abuse.

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• The U.S. Surgeon General issues a victims’ rights constitutional 1987 report identifying domestic amendment, begin a petition violence as a major public health • The Crime Victims Fund deposits drive. Thousands of citizens sign problem. total $77 million. petitions supporting constitutional • The National Victims’ Constitutional protection for victims’ rights. The Amendment Network and Steering Florida legislature reconsiders, and 1986 Committee are formed at a meeting the constitutional amendment appears on the 1988 ballot. • The Crime Victims Fund deposits hosted by the National Center for total $62 million. Victi ms of Crime (formerly the National Victim Center). This initia­ • OVC awards the first grants to tive becomes instrumental in the 1988 support state victim assistance and passage of victims’ rights amend­ • The Crime Victims Fund deposits compensation programs. ments throughout the United States. total $93 million. • Two years after its passage, the • Security on Campus, Inc., (SOC) is • OVC sets aside funds for the Victim Victi ms of Crime Act is amended established by Howard and Connie Assistance in Indian Country grant by the Children’s Justice Act to Clery, following the tragic robbery, program to provide direct services provide funds specifically for the rape, and murder of their daughter, to Native Americans by establishing investigation and prosecution of Jeanne, at Lehigh University in “on­reservation” victim assistance child abuse. Pennsylvania. SOC raises national programs in Indian Country. • Over 100 constitutional amendment awareness about crime and victim­ • The National Aging Resource activists meet in Washington, DC, ization on our nation’s campuses. Center on Elders estab­Abuse i at a forum sponsored by NOVA, and • The American Correctional lished by a cooperative agreement formally agree to seek a federal Association establishes a Task among the American Public Welfare constitutional amendment. Force on Victims of Crime. Association, the National Association • Rhode Island passes a victims’ • NCADV establishes the first of State Units on Aging, and the rights constitutional amendment national toll­free domestic violence University of Delaware. Renamed granting victims the rights to hotline. the National Center on Elder restitution, to submit victim Abuse, it continues to provide impact statements, and to be • October is officially designated as information and statistics. treated with dignity and respect. National Domestic Violence Aware­ ness Month to honor battered • Stat e v. Ciskie is the first case to • MADD’s “Red Ribbon Campaign” women and those who serve them. allow the use of expert testimony enlists motorists to display a red to explain the behavior and mental ribbon on their automobiles, • In a 5­4 decision, the U.S. Supreme state of an adult rape victim. The signaling a pledge to drive safely Court rulesh in Boot v. Maryland testimony is used to show why a and soberlye during th holidays. (482 U.S. 496) that victim impact victim of repeated physical and Thi s national public awareness statements are unconstitutional sexual assaults by her intimate effort has since become an annual (in violation of the Eighth Amend­ partner would not immediately call campaign. ment) when applied to the penalty the police or take action. The jury phase of a capital trial because • By year’s5 end, 3 states have convicts the defendant on four “only the defendant’s personal established victim compensation counts of rape. responsibility and moral guilt” may programs. be considered in capital sentenc­ • The Drunk Driving Prevention Act ing. Significant dissenting is passed, and all statese raise th opinions are offered. minimum drinking age to 21. • Victims and advocates in Florida, • Victims’ rights constitutional frustrated by five years of inaction amendments are introduced in by their legislature on a proposed Arizona, California, Connecticut,

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Delaware, Michigan, South • The National Child Search 1990 Carolina, and Washington. Florida’s Assistance Act requires law amendment ins placed o the • The Crime Victims Fund deposits enforcement to enter reports of November ballot, where it passes total $146 million. missing children and unidentified with 90 percente of th vote. • Congress passes the Hate Crime persoens into th FBI’s NCIC Michigan’s amendment passes Statistics Act, requiring the U.S. computer system. with over 80 percente of th vote. Attorney General to collect data on the incidence of certain crimes • OVC sponsors the first “Indian Nations: Justice for Victims of motivated by prejudice based on 1991 Crime” conference in Rapid City, race, religion, sexual orientation, • The Crime Victims Fund deposits South Dakota. or ethnicity. total $128 million. • Amendments to the Victims of • The Student Right to Know and • U.S. Representative Ileana Crime Act legislatively establish Campus Security Act, requiring Ros­Lehtinen (R­FL) introduces the Office for Victims of Crime, institutions of higher education to the first Congressional Joint Reso­ elevate the position of Director by disclose murder, rape, robbery, and lution (H. J. RES. 247) to place making Senate confirmation neces­ other crimes on campus, is signed victims’ rights in the U.S. sary for appointment, and encour­ into law by President George H.W. Constitution. age state compensation programs Bush. • California State University, Fresno, to cover victims of domestic • Congress passes the Victims of approves the first bachelor’s violence, homicide, and drunk Child Abuse Act, which features degree program in victimology driving. In addition, VOCA amend­ reforms to make the federal crimi­ in the nation. ments, at the behest of MADD nal justice system less traumatic • The National Center for Victims of and POMC, add a new “priority” fo r child victims and witnesses. Crime releases America Speaks Out, category for funding victim assis­ • The Victims’ Rights and Restitution the results of the first national tance programs for “previously un­ Act of 1990 incorporates a Bill of public opinion poll to examine derserved victims of violent crime.” Rights for federal crime victims and citizens’ attitudes about violence • OVC establishes a Federal codifies services thate should b and victimization. Emergency Fund for victimse in th available to victims of crime. • In a 7­2 decision in Payne v. federal criminal justice system. • Congress passes legislation Tennessee (501 U.S. 808), the U.S. proposed by MADD to prevent Supreme Court reverses its earlier drunk drivers and other offenders 1989 decisionsh in Boot v. Maryland from filing bankruptcy to avoid (1987) and South Carolina v. • The Crime Victims Fund deposits paying criminal restitution or Gathers (1989) and rules that total $133 million. civil fines. testimony and prosecutorial argu­ • I n a 5­4 decision, the U.S. Supreme • The Arizona petition drive to place ments commenting on the murder Court reaffirms in South Carolina v. the victims’ rights constitutional victim’s good character, ass well a Gathers its 1987 decision in Booth amendmente on th ballot succeeds, how the victim’s death affected his v. Maryland that victim impact and the amendment iys ratified b or her survivors, do note violate th evidence and arguments are voters. defendant’s constitutional rights in unconstitutional when applied to a capital case. • The first National Incidence Study the penalty phase of a capital trial. on Missing, Abducted, Runaway • U.S. Attorney General William P. Barr Again, significant dissenting and Thrownawayn Children i Amer­ issue s new comprehensive guide­ opinions are offered. ica shows th at more than one lines that establish procedures for • The legislatures in Texas and million children are abducted the federal criminal justice system Washington pass victims’ rights annually. to respond to the needs of crime constitutional amendments. victims. The 1991 Attorney General Both are ratified by voters. Guidelines for Victim and Witness

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Assistance implement new protec­ • Twenty­eight states pass 1992 tionse of th Crime Control Act of anti­stalking laws. 1990, integrating requirements of • The Crime Victims Fund deposits • Massachusetts passes a landmark the Crime Victims’ Bill of Rights, total $221 million. bill creating a statewide computer­ the Victims of Child Abuse Act, and • The National Center for Victims of ized domestic violence registry the Victim and Witness Protection Crime releases Rape in America: and requires judges to check the Act. A Report to the Nation, a ground­ registry when handling such cases. • The American Probation and Parole breaking study on forcible rape, Association establishes a Victim including data on rape frequency, Issues Committee to examine victims’ reporting rate to police, 1993 victims’ issues and concerns the impact of rape on victims’ • The Crime Victims Fund deposits related to community corrections. mental health, and the effect of total $144 million. • The New Jersey legislature passes media disclosure of victim • Wisconsin ratifies its victims’ rights a victims’ rights constitutional identities on reporting rape to constitutional amendment, bring­ amendment, which isy ratified b law enforcement. ing the total number of states with voters in November. • The Association of Paroling these amendments to 14. • Colorado legislators introduce a Authorities International estab­ • Congress passes the International victims’ rights constitutional lishes a Victim Issues Committee Parental Child Kidnapping Act, amendmente on th first day of Na­ to examine victims’ needs, rights, which makes unlawful removal of a tional Crime Victims’ Rights Week. and services in parole processes. child from outside the United The bill is unanimouslyy passed b • Congress reauthorizes the Higher Statees with th intent to obstruct both Housese to b placed on the Education Bill, which includes the the lawful exercise of parental ballot in 1992. Campus Sexual Assault Victims’ rights a federal felony. • In an 8­0 decision, the U.S. Bill of Rights. • President William J. Clinton signs Supreme Court rules in Simon & • The Battered Women’s Testimony the “Brady Bill,” requiring a Schuster v. New York Crime Victims Act, which urges states to accept waiting period for the purchase Board th at New York’s notoriety­ expert testimony in criminal cases of handguns. for­profit statute was overly broad involving battered women, is • Congress passes the Child Sexual and unconstitutional. Notoriety­ passed by Congress and signed Abuse Registry Act, establishing a for­profit statutes had been passed into law by President. George H W. national repository for information by many states by this time to Bush. aboxut offenders. child se prevent convicted criminals from • In a unanimous decision, the U.S. profiting from the proceeds of Supreme Court—in R.A.V. v. City of • Twenty­two states pass anti­ depictions of their crimese in th St. Paul—strikes down a local hate stalking statutes, bringing the media or publications. crimes ordinance in Minnesota. total number of states with anti­stalking laws to 50, plus • The Washington Secretary of State The ordinance had prohibited the the District of Columbia. implements the nation’s first display of a symbol which one Address Confidentiality Program, knew or had reason to know “arouses anger, alarm or resent­ which provides victims of domestic violence, stalking, and sexual ment in others on the basis of 1994 assault an alternative, confidential race, color, creed, religion or • The Crime Victims Fund deposits mailing address and secures the gender,” and was found to violate total $185 million. confidentiality of two normally the First Amendment. • The American Correctional public records—voter registration • Five states—Colorado, Kansas, Association Victims Committee and motor vehicle records. Illinois, Missouri, and New publishes the landmark Report • By the end of 1991, seven states Mexico—ratify victims’ rights and Recommendations on Victims have incorporated victims’ rights constitutional amendments. of Juvenile Crime, which offers into their state constitutions. 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 7 CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS IN AMERICA

guidelines for improving victims’ Carolina—pass victims’ rights con­ 1996 rights and servicese within th stitutional amendments that will juvenile justice system. be placed on the ballot in 1996. • The Crime Victims Fund reaches an historic high with deposits over • Six additional states pass victims’ • The National Victims’ Constitutional $525 million. rights constitutional amendments— Amendment Network proposes the the largest number ever in a single first draft of language for a federal • Federal victims’ rights constitutional year—bringing the total number of victims’ rights constitutional amendments are introduced in states with amendments to 20. amendment. both houses of Congress with States with new amendments bipartisan support. • The first class graduatese from th include Alabama, Alaska, Idaho, National Victim Assistance Acad­ • Both presidential candidates and Maryland, Ohio, and Utah. emy (NVAA) in Washington, DC. Attorn ey General Janet Reno • President Clinton signs a Supported by OVC, NVAA provides endorse the concept of a federal comprehensive package of federal an academically credited 45­hour victims’ rights constitutional victims’ rights legislation as part of curriculum on victimology, victims’ amendment. the Violent Crime Control and Law rights, and other victim­related • Eight states ratify the passage of Enforcement Act. The Act includes: topics. victims’ rights constitutional > The Violence Against Women Act • The Anatomy of Fraud: Report of a amendments—raising the total (VAWA), which authorizes more Nationwide Survey by Richard Titus, number of such state constitu­ than $1 billion in funding for Fred Heinzelmann, and John M. tional amendments to 29 programs to combat violence Boyle is published. The report nationwide. against women. isn based o the first nationwide • President Clinton reaffirms his survey, conducted in 1991 by the > Enhanced VOCA funding support of federal constitutional National Institute of Justice, to provisions. rights for crime victims in a Rose determine the scope of fraud and Garden ceremony attended by > Establishment of a National its effects, with findings that an members of Congress, criminal Child Sex Offender Registry. estimated $40 billion is lost to justice officials, and representa­ > Enhanced sentences for drunk fraud each year. One­third of the tive s of local, state, and national drivers with child passengers. people surveyed reported that an victims’ rights organizations. • Kentucky becomes the first state to attem pt to defraud them had • The Community Notification Act, institute automated telephone occurred in the previous year. known as “Megan’s Law,” amends notification to crime victims of • The U.S. Department of Justice the Child Sexual Abuse Registry their offender’s status, location, issue s the revised Attorney General law to provide for notifying and release date. Guidelines for Victim and Witness communitiese of th location of • OVC establishes the Community Assistance. These guidelines convicted sex offenders. Crisis Response program, using increase the accountability of • President Clinton signs the the NOVA model, to improve serv­ federal criminal justice officials, Antiterrorism and Effective Death ices to victims in communities directing that performance Penalty Act, providing $1 million that have experienced a crime apraisals and reports of best to strengthen antiterrorism efforts, resulting in multiple violent efforts include information on make restitution mandatory in victimizations. compliance with the Attorney violent crime cases, and expand General Guidelines for Victim and compensation and assistance for Witness Assistance. victims of terrorism both at home 1995 • The Beijing World Conference on and abroad, including victims in • The Crime Victims Fund deposits Women issues a landmark call for the military. global action to end violence total $233 million. • OVC uses its new authority under against women. • Legislatures in three states— the Antiterrorism and Effective Indiana, Nebraska, and North Death Penalty Act to provide

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substantial financial assistance to strategies to help stabilize local 1997 the victims and survivors of the program funding, expand outreach bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah • The Crime Victims Fund deposits to previously underserved victims, Federal Building in Oklahoma City. total $363 million. and support the development and implementation of technologies • The Mandatory Victims’ Restitution • Congress passes the Victims’ Rights to improve victims’ rights and Act, enacted as Titlef II o the Clarification Act of 1997 to clarify services. Antiterrorism and Effective Death existing federal law allowing Penalty Act, allows federal courts victims to attend a trial and to • OVC continues its support of the to award “public harm” restitution appear as “impact witnesses” victims and survivors of the bomb­ directly to state VOCA victim assis­ during the sentencing phase of ing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal tance programs. The Act makes both capital and non­capital cases. Building in Oklahoma City by restitution in federal cases manda­ President Clinton signs the Act, funding additional advocates, tory, regardless of the defendant’s allowing the victims and survivors crisis counseling, and travel ability to pay. It also requires of the bombing of the Alfred P. expenses f or the bombing victims federal courts to order restitution Murrah Federal Building in Okla­ to attend court proceedings. When to victims of fraud. homa City to observe the trial the venue of the trial is changed and to provide input later at to Denver, Colorado, OVC provides • The VOCA definition of “crime sentencing. funding for a special closed­circuit victim” is expanded to include broadcast to victims and survivors victims of financial crime, allowing • A federal victims’ rights in Oklahoma City. this group to receive counseling, constitutional amendment is advocacy, and support services. reintroduced in the opening days • OVC releases New Directions from of the 105th Congress with strong t he Field: Victims’ Rights and • The National Domestic Violence bipartisan support. The Senate Services for the 21st Century, which Hotline is established by Congress and House Judiciary Committees assesse s the nation’s progress in to provide crisis intervention conduct hearingse on th proposed meeting the recommendations set information and referrals to victims federal victims’ rights constitu­ forth in the Final Report of the of domestic violence and their tional amendment. While not 1982 President’s Task Force on friends and family. endorsing specific language, Victims of Crime and issues over • The Church Arson Prevention Act is Attorney General Janet Reno 250 new recommendations from signed in response to an increasing testifies a t the Senate hearing in the field for the next millennium. number of acts of arson against support of federal constitutional religious institutionse around th rights for crime victims. country. • To fully recognize the sovereignty 1998 • The Drug­induced Rape Prevention of Indian Nations, OVC for the first • The Crime Victims Fund deposits Act is enacted to address the time provides victim assistance total $324 million. emerging issue of drug­facilitated grants directly to tribes in Indian rape and sexual assault. • Senate Joint Resolution 44, a new Country. bipartisan version of a federal • The Office of Juvenile Justice and • Congress enacts a federal anti­ victims’ rights constitutional Delinquency Prevention, within the stalking law eas part of th National amendment, is introduced in the U.S. Department of Justice, issues Defense Authorization Act for Senate by Senators Jon Kyl (R­AZ) the Juvenile Justice Action Plan, Fiscal Year 1997. and Dianne Feinstein (D­CA). which includes recommendations • Du e to the large influx of VOCA The Senate Judiciary Committee for victims’ rights and services fundse in th previous fiscal year, subsequently approves4 SJR 4 by within the juvenile justice system OVC hosts a series of regional an 11­6 vote. No furthers action i for victims of juvenile offenders. meetings with state VOCA adminis­ taken on SJR 44 during the 105th trators encouraging states to Congress. develop multiyear funding

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• Four new states pass state victims’ • The Identity Theft and Deterrence Crime to promote civil justice for rights constitutional amendments: Act of 1998 is signed into law. victims of crime. Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, This landmark federal legislation and Tennessee. The Supreme Court outlaws identity theft and directs of Oregon, however, overturns the the U.S. Sentencing Commission 2000 Oregon state victims’ rights to consider various factors in • The Crime Victims Fund deposits amendment, originallyn passed i determining penalties, including total $777 million. 1996, citing structural deficiencies. the number of victimse and th • Congress passes a new national • The Higher Education Amendments value of losses to any individual drun k driving limit of 0.08 blood of 1998 is passed. Part E of this victim. The Act further authorizes alcohol concentration (BAC) with legislation, “Grants to Combat the Federal Trade Commission to the strong support of MADD and Violent Crimes Against Women on log and acknowledge reports of othe r victim advocacy organiza­ Campus,” is authorized through identity theft, provide information tions, ass leading well a highway the year 2003 and appropriates to victims, and refer complaints to safety, health, medical, law a total of $10 million in grant appropriate consumer reporting enforcement, and insurance funding to the Violence Against and law enforcement agencies. groups. The new law, passed with Women Grants Office for Fiscal Year • OVC provides fundingS. to the U. strong bipartisan support, requires 1999. Another primary aim of this Department of State to support the states to pass 0.08 “per se legislation is to reduce binge development of a Victim Assistance intoxication” laws or lose a portion drinking and illegal alcohol Specialist position to improve of their annual federal highway consumption on college campuses. the quality and coordination of funding. • Congress enacts the Child services provided to U.S. citizens • Congress reauthorizes the Violence Protection and Sexual Predator who are victimized abroad. Against Women Act of 2000, Punishment Act of 1998, providing extending VAWA through 2005 and for numerous sentencing enhance­ authorizing funding at $3.3 billion ments and other initiatives 1999 over the five­year period. In addressing sex crimes against • The Crime Victims Fund deposits addition to expanding federal children, including crimes facili­ total $985 million, the second stalking statutes to include tated by th e use of interstate highest level in the history of the stalking on the Internet, the Act facilitiese and th Internet. Fund. authorizes: • Congress passes the Crime Victims • The proposed federal victims’ > $80 million a year for rape with Disabilities Awareness Act, rights constitutional amendment prevention and education representing the first effort to (Senate Joint Resolution 3, grants; systematically gather information identical to SJR 44) is introduced > $875 million over five years for about the extent of victimization in the 106th Congress. of individuals with disabilities. This battered women’s shelters; • The fifth National Victim Assistance legislation directs the Attorney > $25 million in 2001 for Academy ins held i June at five General to conduct a study on transitional housing programs; university locations across the crimes against individuals with and United States, bringing the total developmental disabilities. In number of Academy graduates to > $25 million to address violence addition, the Bureau of Justice nearly 1,000. against older women and women Statistics must include statistics with disabilities. • OVC issues the first grants to on the nature of crimes against create State Victim Assistance • The Internet Crime Complaint individuals with developmental Academies. Center Web site, www.ic3.gov, is disabilities and victim characteris­ created byS. the U. Department tic s in its annual National Crime • The National Crime Victim Bar of Justice, Federal Bureau of Inves­ Victimization Survey by 2000. Association yis theformed b tigation, and the National White National Center for Victims of

1 0 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Collar Crime Center to combat • Congress passese and th President earnings, and loss of enjoyment Internyet giving fraud b consumers sign s the Trafficking Victims of life. To receive compensation, a convenient way to report Protection Act of 2000. This new claimants are required to waive violationsy centralizing and b law significantly strengthens their right to bring civil action for information about fraud crimes criminal enforcement, prosecution, damagess a su ffered a resulte of th for law enforcement. and penalties against traffickers; terrorist acts. provides new protections to • Attorney General Janet Reno • Congress passes and President victims; and enables victims of revises and reissues the Attorney Bush signs the USA PATRIOT Act of severe forms of trafficking to seek General Guidelines for Victim 2001, a package of antiterrorism benefits and services available to and Witness Assistance, which legislation that includes changes other crime victims. mandates that every Department of to the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA), Justice employee who comes into including increasing the percentage contact with crime victims receives of state compensation payments at minimum one hour of training 2001 reimbursable by the federal about victim rights lawse and th • The Crime Victims Fund deposits government and allowing OVC to guidelines. total $544 million. fund compliance and evaluation projects. • Victimization rates ans reported i • The National Crime Victimization the National Crime Victimization Survey results for 2000 are released, • OVC augments state victim Surveey are th lowest recorded showing that victimization rates compensation funding to aid since the survey’s creation in 1973. continue to drop, reaching a new victimse of th September 11 terror­ ist attacks in New York, Virginia, • The Treasury Department conducts low of 26 million victims. and Pennsylvania; offers assistance the National Summit on Identity • On September 11, 2001, two to victimse of th September 11 Theft, which addresses prevention hijacked planes crash into the terrorist attacke on th Pentagon techniques, victims’ experiences, World Trade Center, another into through the Pentagon Family and remediation in the government the Pentagon, and a fourth into Assistance Center; and establishes and private sector. The summit is a field in Somerset County, Penn­ a toll­free telephone number and the first national­level conference sylvania, killing 2,974 victims and secure Web site for victims and involving law enforcement, victims, injuring countless others in their immediate family members. industry representatives, and the worst terrorist attacks on nonprofit organizations interested American soil. • The Child Abuse Prevention and in the issue. At the summit, Enforcement A ct and Jennifer’s • Congress and the Administration of Treasury Secretary Lawrence Law increase the annual Crime President. George W Bush respond Summers unveils four new initia­ Victims Fund set­aside for child to the terrorist acts of September tive s to address identity theft. abuse victims from $10 million to a 11 with a raft of new laws provid­ maximum of $20 million, and allow • A federal victims’ rights ing funding for victim assistance, the use of Byrne grant funds for constitutional amendment is tax relief for victims, and other the prevention of child abuse and addressed for the first time by accommodations and protections neglect. Jennifer’s Law authorizes the full U.S. Senate. Following fors part victims. of Ae th Air $2 million per year through Fiscal two­and­a­half days of debate, Transportation Safety and System Yea r 2002 for states to apply for the measure (SJR 3) is withdrawn Stabilization Act, a new federal grants to cover costs associated for further consideration by its victim compensation program is with entering complete files of cosponsors, Senators Kyl (R­AZ) created specifically f or the victims unidentified crime victimse into th and Feinstein (D­CA), when it of September 11. The program FBI’s NCIC database. becomes apparent that the includes many types of damages measure will note receive th normally available only through • New regulations, policies, and two­thirds majority vote necessary civil actions, such as payment for procedures for victims of traffick­ for approval. pain and suffering, lifetime lost ing dramaticallye change th

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 1 CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS IN AMERICA

response to this class of crime Expand grants to grassroots, 2003 victims by agencies throughout the nonprofit, community­based victim federal government, including the organizations and coalitions to • The Crime Victims Fund deposits U.S. Department of State, the U.S. improve outreach and services to total $361 million. Department of Health and Human victims of crime through the • The Senate Judiciary Committee Services, and several U.S. Depart­ support of program development, passe s the federal victims’ rights ment of Justice agenciesI, (the FB networking, coalition building, and constitutional amendment to the Immigration and Naturalization service delivery. ensure basic rights to victims Service, and U.S. Attorneys’ Offices). • Congress appropriates approxi­ nationwide. mately $20 million to fund services • Congress makes the Office on to trafficking victims, including Violence Against Women (formerly 2002 shelter, medical and mental health the Violence Against Women Office • The Crime Victims Fund deposits care, legal assistance, interpreta­ within the Office of Justice Pro­ total $519 million. tion, and advocacy. grams) a permanent, independent • OVC releases final program • President Bush hosts the first office within the U.S. Department guidelinesn and a accompanying White House Conference on of Justice. application kit for the Antiterror­ Missing, Exploited, and Runaway • Congress passes and President ism and Emergency Assistance Children and announces his strong Bush signs the PROTECT Act of Program for Terrorism and Mass support for the Hutchison­Fein­ 2003—also known as the “Amber Violence Crimes, which provides stein National AMBER Alert Alert” law—which creates a funding to compensate and assist Network Act of 2002, which would national AMBER network to victims of terrorism and mass help develop, enhance, and coordi­ facilitate rapid law enforcement violence that occur within and nate AMBER (America’s Missing: and community response to outside the United States. Broadcast Emergency Response). kidnapped or abducted children. The Assistance Attorney General for • The National Crime Victimization • The American Society of Victimology the Office of Justice Programs is Survey continues to show a decline (ASV) is established a t the first designated as the National AMBER in crime victimization. Violent American Symposium on Victimol­ Alert Coordinator a t the Depart­ crime victimization dropped 10 ongy held i Kansas City, Kansas. ment of Justice. percente from th previous year, The ASV serves as a forum for and property crime dropped 6 • By the end of 2002, all 50 states, academicians and practitioners on percent. the District of Columbia, the U.S. all topics related to victimology in Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and • President Bush attends the partnership with the World Society Guam have established crime presentation of the National Crime of Victimology. victim compensation programs. Victims’ Rights Week awards and • The Prison Rape Elimination Act of announces the Administration’s • Our Vulnerable Teenagers: Their 2003 is enacted to track and support for the proposed Crime Victimization, Its Consequences, address the issue of rape in correc­ Victims’ Rights Amendment to the and Directions for Prevention and tional institutions and develop U.S. Constitution. Intervention yis thereleased b national standardst aimed a National Council on Crime and • The National Association of VOCA reducing prison rape. Delinquencye and th National Assistance Administrators (NAVAA) • Congress establishes January as Center for Victims of Crime. This is established. With OVC support, National Stalking Awareness landmark report documents the NAVAA provides technical assis­ Month. disproportionate representation tance and training to state VOCA • The National Domestic Violence of teenagers, ages 1s 2 to 19, a assistance administrators. Hotline, operated by the Texas victims of crime, and discusses • OVC makes available the first Council on Family Violence, promising prevention and Helping Outreach Programs to receives its one millionth call. intervention strategies.

1 2 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

• The United States Postal Service to victims. The recommendations crime labs, sexual assault forensic releasesp the Sto Family Violence include establishing a single office examiners, and programs for postage stamp to raise money for within the U.S. Department of post­conviction DNA testing. domestic violence prevention Defense to handle sexual assault • President Bush hosts the first programs. matters, launching an information national training conference on campaign to inform personnel • Congress appropriates $22 million human trafficking, which brings about services available to victims, for the U.S. Department of Defense’s together trafficking response and convening a summit to update Family Advocacy Program, $900,000 teams of federal, state, and local the definition of sexual assault and of which is f or the National Domes­ law enforcement personnel, prose­ address victim privacy concerns tic Violence Hotline Awareness, cutors, and victim service providers within the military context. Intervention, and Prevention from at least 21 cities with a Campaign in the military services. • The Identity Theft Penalty known concentration of trafficking Enhancement Act is enacted, victims. The conference empha­ • The Fair and Accurate Credit defining aggravated identity theft siz es the importance of combating Transactions Act of 2003 is enacted as stealing another person’s trafficking using a victim­centered to provide new protections against identity in connection with the approach. identity theft and help victims commission of other specified of identity theft recover their • The National Center for Victims of felonies. The legislation also financial losses. Crime releases Repairing the Harm: prohibits the court from ordering A New Vision for Crime Victim • Congress passes and President an offender’s sentence for identity Compensation in America, a land­ Bush signs the Trafficking Victims theftn to ru concurrently with a mark report that examines Protection Reauthorization Act. sentence imposed on the same compensation data from all 50 Along with reauthorizing programs offender for any other crime. states, the September 11th Victim created under the first TVPA, this • Congress passes and President Compensation Fund, and compen­ legislation strengthens prevention Bush signs the Justice for All Act sation programs in other countries. efforts, supports prosecution of of 2004, which includes the Scott The report also provides a frame­ offenders, simplifies the process by Campbell, Stephanie Roper, Wendy work for strengthening victim com­ which victims are certified eligible Preston, Louarna Gillis, and Nila pensation in the United States. for benefits, and allows benefits Lynn Crime Victims’ Rights Act, and servicese to b available for providing substantive rights for victims’ family members who are crime victims. For the first time, legally allowed to come to the 2005 the law provides mechanisms at United States. The legislation also • The Crime Victims Fund deposits the federal level to enforce the creates a civil cause of action for total $668 million. rights of crime victims, giving victims of forced labor or forced • The U.S. Department of Justice victims and prosecutors legal prostitution. establishes an online national sex standing to assert victims’ rights, offender registry that provides authorizing the filing of writs of real­time access to public sex mandamus to assert a victim’s 2004 offender data nationwide with a right, and requiring the Attorney • The Crime Victims Fund deposits single Internet search. General to establish a victims’ total $834 million, the third high­ rights compliance program within • OVC and the Bureau of Justice est level in the history of the Fund. the Department of Justice. The Assistance initiate a landmark • The U.S. Department of Defense legislation authorizes $155 million program to establish teams of law Task Force on Care for Victims of in funding over the next five years enforcement task forces and victim Sexual Assault releases its report for victim assistance programs at servic es to respond to human and recommendations for prevent­ the federal and state level. This trafficking. The primary goals of ing sexual assaulte in th military omnibus crime legislation also th is program are to develop and providing a sensitive response provides funding for DNA testing, sustainable programs to combat

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 3 CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS IN AMERICA

human trafficking through proac­ • The National Association of VOCA and requires all military installa­ tive law enforcement and prosecu­ Assistance Administrators releases tions to have a sexual assault re­ tion at all levels of government, to the Crime Victims Fund Report, sponse coordinator with a staff of coordinate U.S. Attorneys’ Offices’ which highlights the Crime Victims victim advocates. The policy also efforts, to collaborate with victim Fund’s contribution to the federal requires the establishment of a service providers, and to increase government’s efforts to assist seniorf level o command to handle the identification and rescue of victims, analyzes the sources of sexual assault cases and review any trafficking victims. deposits into the Fund, examines administrative discharges of sexual the issuesn involved i administer­ assault victims. • The U.S. House of Representatives ing the Fund, and explores future establishes the first congressional challengese to th Fund’s capacity Victims’ Rights Caucus, chaired by to meet victims’ needs. Congressman Ted Poe (R­TX). The 2006 mission of the Caucus i s to elevate • The American Bar Association • The Crime Victims Fund deposits crime victim issues in Congress in releases Elder Abuse Fatality total $650 million. a bipartisan manner, without Review Teams: A Replication • Congress passes and President infringing on the rights of the Manual, developed byA the AB Bush signs the Violence Against accused, and advocate for crime Commission on Law and Aging and Women and Department of Justice victims’ interests before the Ad­ funded by OVC. This groundbreak­ Reauthorization Act of 2005. This ministration and within Congress. ing manual provides guidance to extension of the Violence Against communities on establishing elder • The Department of Justice Women Act includes provisions for abuse fatality review teams that announces more than $84 million early intervention, prevention, review deathsy orcausedrelatedb in DNA grants nationwide as part and health care, and promotes a to elder abuse. of President Bush’s Advancing national commitment to keep Justice Through DNA Technology • The U.S. Department of Justice women and children safe from initiative. The initiative is designed issue s its Final Rule implementing fe ar and abuse. to improve the nation’s capacity to the victims’ rights compliance • Congress passes and President use DNA evidence by eliminating provisionse of th Crime Victims Bush signs the Trafficking Victims casework and convicted offender Rights’ Actf portion o the Justice Protection Reauthorization Act backlogs, funding research and for Al l Act. The rule establishes of 2005. This law expands the development, improving crime lab the office of the Victims’ Rights Trafficking Victims Protection Act capacity, providing training for all Ombudsman within the Executive of 2000 by enhancing efforts stakeholders in the criminal justice Office for United States Attorneys to fight domestic trafficking in system, and conducting testing to (EOUSA) to receive and investigate persons. identify missing persons. complaints relating to the provi­ • During the National Crime Victims’ • Attorney General Alberto Gonzalez sion or violation of the rights of Rights Week ceremony, OVC awards issue s updated Attorney General crime victims. The rule establishes the first Ronald Wilson Reagan Guidelines for Victim and Witness procedures f or filing complaints, Public Policy Awards to honor out­ Assistance. The guidelines incorpo­ investigating complaints, and standing individuals whose leader­ rate provisions for crime victims’ imposing disciplinary sanctions ship, vision, and innovation have rights and remedies, including against employees when war­ led to significant changes in public those in the Justice for All Act, ranted. policy and practice that benefit which had been enacted since the • The U.S. Department of Defense crime victims. publication of the last edition. The announces a new sexual assault • President Bush signs the Adam guidelines also address victim and policy. The policy creates a Walsh Child Protection and Safety witness assistance in human traf­ military­wide definition of sexual Ac t of 2006. Along with increasing ficking and identity theft cases. assault, sets a baseline standard supervision of sex offenders, this for prevention and response wide­ranging legislation also ex­ training for the armed services, tends the federal Crime Victims’ 1 4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE AN HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Rights Act to federal habeas corpus mistake, and made three important 2007 proceedings arising out of state points: (1) in passing the Crime convictions, eliminates the statute Victims’ Rights Act, it was the • For the first time ever, the Crime of limitations for federal prosecu­ intent of Congress to allow victims Victims Fund deposits surpass a bil­ tion of certain sexual offenses and to speak at sentencing hearings, lion dollars, totaling $1.02 billion. child abduction, sas extends well a not just to submit victim impact • Attorney General Alberto Gonzales the civil remedy forx crime child se statements; (2) victims have a and Federal Trade Commission victims to persons victimized as right to speak even if there is more Chairman Deborah Platt Majoras children, even if their injuries than one criminal sentencing; and release the President’s Identity did not surface until the person (3) the remedy for a crime victim Theft Task Force strategic plan to became an adult. denied the right to speak at a combat identity theft. Task Force sentencing hearing is to have the • Attorney General Alberto Gonzales recommendations include reducing sentence vacated and a new launches Project Safe Childhood, the unnecessary use of Social sentencing hearing held in which aimed at eliminating Internet­ Security Numbers by federal the victims are allowed to speak. based child sexual exploitation. agencies; establishing national This nationwide project creates • The Department of Justice issues standards requiring private entities locally designed partnerships of its final rule implementing the to safeguard the personal data federal, state, local, and tribal law new International Terrorism Victim they compile and to notify con­ enforcement agencies together Expense Reimbursement Program sumers of any breach that poses with community leaders to develop (ITVERP). This new federally­ a significant risk of identity theft; a coordinated strategy to prevent, administered program extends implementing a consumer aware­ investigate, and prosecute sexual crime victim compensation to ness campaign; and creating a predators, abusers, and pornogra­ American victims of terrorism National Identity Theft Law phers who target children. All U.S. abroad, reimbursing them for Enforcement Center to coordinate Attorneys are charged with taking direct, out­of­pocket expenses law enforcement efforts and the lead in designing a strategic resulting from an act of terror. information to improve the investi­ plan for their community. gation and prosecution of identity • President Bush signs the Older thieves. • The United States Court of Appeals Americans Act Reauthorization for the Ninth Circuit decides Kenna (OAA), which includes a number • OVC announces the first payments v. U.S. District Court for the Central of victim­related provisions. It of the ITVERP program to U.S. District of California, in which the requires the Assistant Secretary on victims of international acts of court considered whether the Aging at the U.S. Department of terrorism. Applications have been Crime Victims’ Rights Actf portion o Health and Human Services to processed and reimbursement the Justice for All Act gave victims designate an individual to develop payments made to victims of the the right to speak at sentencing a long­term plan for a national 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings, in hearings. The case involved a response to elder abuse preven­ Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, fathern and so who swindled tion, intervention, and treatment Tanzania; the October 2002 Bali, dozens of victims. The defendants activities. The new law improves Indonesia, night club bombing; the pled guilty to wire fraud and access to programs and services May 2003 bombing of expatriate money laundering. More than 60 under OAA by addressing the needs housing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; victims submitted victim impact of older individuals with limited and the 2003 airport bombing in statements. At the father’s sen­ English proficiency; promotes Davao City, Philippines. tencing hearing, several victims multidisciplinary responses to • House and Senate Resolutions spoke about the effects of the elder abuse, neglect, and exploita­ establishing September 25 as the crimes, but a t the son’s sentencing tion by states and Indian tribes; National Day of Remembrance for the judge refused to allow the and preserves the long­term care Murder Victims coincide with the victims to speak. The court held ombudsman program. first annual national event held on that the district judge had made a Capitol Hill. ■

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 5 6 I STATISTICALOVERVIEWSANDRESOURCES

The Internet makes virtually any information you might need just a mouse-click away, but it also can mean wasting hours of your precious time looking for just the right statistic, fact, or resource to help you with your efforts. The 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide offers a unique collection of resources and information designed specifically to support public education and outreach activities on crime victim issues. Take full advantage of these resources as you educate public officials, media representatives, business leaders, victims of crime, and others about the realities of crime victimization.

• Crime Victimization in the United States: Statistical Overviews— A comprehensive collection of current data on different types of crime victimization, special populations of crime victims, and the financial and mental health consequences of crime.

• Accessing Information: OVC Resource Center and Other Services— An overview of the information that the Office for Victims of Crime provides electronically on an ongoing basis, as well as an exhaustive list of victim- related resources available on the Web. Also included in this section: • NCVRW Resource Guide Partners— Resource Guide Evaluation— A list of organizations partnering with Let us know how you used the the Office for Victims of Crime and the 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide and National Center for Victims of Crime to rate its usefulness. Your feedback promote 2008 National Crime Victims’ is essential to helping us improve Rights Week. Resource Guide Partners the quality of the guide in future are committed to the goals of the week years. Please take a few minutes and may provide additional opportunities to complete and return this brief to collaborate on outreach activities in evaluation. Thank you. your community. I RESOURCE GUIDE PARTNERS

American Correctional Association Phone: 703­224­0000/800­ACA­JOIN Victims Committee Fax: 703­224­0010 206 N. Washington Street, Suite 200 Web site: www.aca.org Alexandria, VA 22314 E­mail: [email protected]

American Probation and Parole Association Phone: 859­244­8203 P.O. Box 11910 Fax: 859­244­8001 Lexington, KY 40578 Web site: www.appa­net.org E­mail: [email protected]

Association of State Correctional Administrators Phone: 860­704­6410 123 Court Street, 6th Floor Fax: 860­704­6420 Middletown, CT 06457 Web site: www.asca.net E­mail: [email protected]

California State University, Fresno Phone: 559­278­1012 Department of Criminology Fax: 559­278­7265 2576 E. San Ramon Avenue, MS ST 104 Web site: www.csufresno.edu/criminology Fresno, CA 93740 E­mail: [email protected]

Concerns of Police Survivors Phone: 573­346­4911 P.O. Box 3199 Fax: 573­346­1414 Camdenton, MO 65020 Web site: www.nationalcops.org E­mail: [email protected]

Justice Solutions Phone: 202­448­1710 720 Seventh Street NW, Suite 300 Fax: 202­628­0080 Washington, DC 20001 Web site: www.justicesolutions.org E­mail: [email protected]

Maryland Crime Victims’ Resource Center, Inc. Phone: 301­952­0063/877­VICTIM­1 1001 Prince George’s Boulevard, Suite 750 Fax: 240­929­0526 Upper Marlboro, MD 21206 Web site: www.mdcrimevictims.org E­mail: [email protected]

Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Phone: 877­MADD­HELP/877­623­3435 511 E. John Carpenter Freeway, Suite 700 Fax: 972­869­2206 Irving, TX 75062 Web site: www.madd.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Association of Crime Victim Phone: 703­780­3200 Compensation Boards Fax: 703­780­3261 P.O. Box 7054 Web site: www.nacvcb.org Alexandria, VA 22307 E­mail: [email protected]

National Association of VOCA Assistance Phone: 608­233­2245 Administrators Fax: 815­301­8721 5702 Old Sauk Road Web site: www.navaa.org Madison, WI 53705 E­mail: [email protected]

2 ■ 2 0 0 8 N C V R W R E S O U R C E G U I D E RESOURCE GUIDE PARTNERS

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children Phone: 703­837­6304/800­THE­LOST 699 Prince Street TTY/TDD: 800­826­7653 Alexandria, VA 22314 Fax: 703­549­4503 Web site: www.missingkids.com

National Center for State Courts Phone: 757­259­1864 300 Newport Avenue Fax: 757­564­2034 Williamsburg, VA 23188 Web site: www.ncsconline.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Center on Elder Abuse Phone: 302­831­3525 Administration on Aging Fax: 302­831­4225 c/o Center for Community Research and Services Web site: www.ncea.aoa.gov University of Delaware E­mail: NCEA­[email protected] 297 Graham Hall Newark, DE 19716

National Children’s Alliance Phone: 202­548­0090/800­239­9950 516 C Street, NE Fax: 202­548­0099 Washington, DC 20002 Web site: www.nca­online.org E­mail: info@nca­online.org

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence Phone: 303­839­1852 1120 Lincoln Street, Suite 1603 TTY/TDD: 303­839­1681 Denver, CO 80203 Fax: 303­831­9251 Web site: www.ncadv.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Crime Prevention Council Phone: 202­466­6272 2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Fax: 202­296­1356 Arlington, VA 22202 Web site: www.ncpc.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Crime Victim Law Institute Phone: 503­768­6819 10015 SW Terwilliger Boulevard Fax: 503­768­6671 Portland, OR 97219 Web site: www.ncvli.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Criminal Justice Association Phone: 202­628­8550 720 Seventh Street, NW, 3rd Floor Fax: 202­628­0080 Washington, DC 20001 Web site: www.ncja.org E­mail: [email protected]

National District Attorneys Association Phone: 703­549­9222/703­549­4253 American Prosecutors Research Institute Fax: 703­836­3195 99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 510 Web site: www.ndaa.org Alexandria, VA 22314 E­mail: [email protected]

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 3 RESOURCE GUIDE PARTNERS

National Organization for Victim Assistance Phone: 703­535­6682/800­TRY­NOVA Courthouse Square Fax: 703­535­5500 510 King Street, Suite 424 Web site: www.trynova.org Alexandria, VA 22314 E­mail: [email protected]

National Organization of Parents Of Murdered Children, Inc. 100 E. Eighth Street, Suite 202 Phone: 888­818­7662 Cincinnati, OH 45202 Fax: 513­345­4489 Web site: www.pomc.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Sexual Violence Resource Center Phone: 717­909­0710/877­739­3895 123 N. Enola Drive Fax: 717­909­0714 Enola, PA 17025 TTY/TDD: 717­909­0715 Web site: www.nsvrc.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Sheriffs’ Association Phone: 703­836­7827 1450 Duke Street Fax: 703­683­6541 Alexandria, VA 22314 Web site: www.sheriffs.org E­mail: [email protected]

National Victims’ Constitutional Amendment Network Phone: 303­861­1160 2460 W. 26th Avenue, Suite 255C Fax: 303­861­1265 Denver, CO 80211 Web site: www.nvcan.org E­mail: [email protected]

Police Executive Research Forum (PERF) Phone: 202­466­7820 1120 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 930 Fax: 202­466­7826 Washington, DC 20036 Web site: www.policeforum.org E­mail: [email protected]

Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network (RAINN) Phone: 202­544­1034/800­656­HOPE National Sexual Assault Hotline Fax: 202­544­3556 2000 L Street, NW, Suite 406 Web site: www.rainn.org Washington, DC 20036 E­mail: [email protected]

Security On Campus, Inc. Phone: 610­768­9330/888­251­7959 133 Ivy Lane, Suite 200 Fax: 610­768­0646 King of Prussia, PA 19406 Web site: www.securityoncampus.org E­mail: [email protected]

University of New Haven Phone: 203­932­7041 Crime Victim Study Center Fax: 203­931­6071 300 Boston Post Road Web site: www.newhaven.edu/psps/center.html West Haven, CT 06516 E­mail: [email protected]

Witness Justice Phone: 301­898­1009/800­4WJ­HELP P.O. Box 475 Fax: 301­898­8874 Frederick, MD 21705 Web site: www.witnessjustice.org E­mail: [email protected]

4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ACCESSING INFORMATION: OVC RESOURCE CENTER AND OTHER SERVICES INTERNET RESOURCES FOR THE VICTIM SERVICES COMMUNITY The online information explosion has greatly benefited the victim services community. Anyone with a computer and Internet access can easilye locate th latest research findings, grant and funding sources, training opportunities, victim assistance resources, policy and legislative updates, and a wide range of organizations interested in victim­related issues and activities. The following updated list of online resources organizes whatever you might need into one convenient collection.

OVC Resource Center Justice Information OVC Web Forum (OVCRC) Electronic Newsletter (http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/

The Office for Victims of Crime Resource (JUSTINFO) ovcproviderforum)

Center (OVCRC) at the National Criminal (www.ncjrs.gov) The OVC Web Forum gives victim Justice Reference Service (NCJRS), This free biweekly electronic newsletter, service providers and allied professionals administered by the Office of Justice available through NCJRS, contains a unique opportunity to tap into a ProgramsS. (OJP), U. Department of information about publications, events, national support network, learn about Justice (DOJ), i s a comprehensive funding and training opportunities, cutting­edge issues and best practices, repository of information for crime and Web­based resources available and gain peer insight through shared victims and victim service providers. from all OJP agencies and NCJRS challenges and experiences. With online services accessible federal sponsors. Subscribe to this 24 hours­a­day, OVCRC is the central online newsletter at www.ncjrs. clearinghouse for crime victim publica­ gov.subreg.html. Victim Assistance tions and reports from all OJP agencies: Training Online Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), (VAT Online) (www.

National Institute of Justice, Office Information and Help ovcttac.gov/vatonline) of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency (www.ncjrs.gov/app/ Newlyn launched i September 2007, Prevention, Bureau of Justice Statistics, qa/submitquestion.aspx) the OVC Victim Assistance Training the Bureau of Justice Assistance, and NCJRS also offers more personalized Onli ne (VAT Online) for victim service the Community Capacity Development assistance when needed. Submit your providers, is a basic victim advocacy Office. OVCRC also disseminates questions about victimization, criminal Web­based training program that offers information from the Office on Violence and juvenile justice, or other topics victim service providers and allied Against Women and the Office of including technical assistance at the professionals the opportunity to National Drug Control Policy. lin k noted above. acquire the basic skills and knowledge OVCRC Contact Information: they need to better assist victims of To contact OVCRC, please submit an crime. Specific information is also inquiry at http://ovc.ncjrs.gov/askovc. OVC Directory of Crime provided to meet the needs of target Victim Services populations.

NCJRS Web Site (http://ovc.ncjrs.org/ findvictimservices) (www.ncjrs.gov) Sexual Assault The OVC Directory of Crime Victim Operated by the National Criminal Advocate/Counselor Services helps victim service providers Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) of Training (SAACT) and others locate non­emergency serv­ OJP, DOJ, this Web site provides crime, (www.ovcttac.org/saact) icese in th United States and abroad. victim assistance, substance abuse, and Launched in 2007, the SAACT is one public safety information to support of OVC’s new online, downloadable research, policy, and program develop­ curricula. SAACT uses case studies, role ment. Trained content specialists are playing, slides, vignettes, and other available to respond to e­mail queries interactive exercises to help practitioners and direct individuals to resources, increase their understanding of sexual including an online library, abstracts assault and gain the skills needed to database, funding opportunities, and assist victims of sexual assault. upcoming events.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 ACCESSING INFORMATION: OVC RESOURCE CENTER AND OTHER SERVICES

National Center for Victim­Related Victims of Crime Web Web Sites

Site (www.ncvc.org) The following pages contain nearly This unique resource for crime victims 600 links to online resources, including and victim service providers offers federal and state agencies, national more than 80 “Get Help” bulletins on and international nonprofit organiza­ a wide range of issues. From the Web tions, victim­specific coalitions, and site, victimse can b connected to programs providing relief services, e­mail support at [email protected] counseling, compensation, public and a comprehensive referral service policy research, advocacy, public database of nearly 16,000 local service education, and direct victim assistance. agenciese in th United States (also (This list does not constitute an accessible bye calling th National Crime endorsement of opinions, resources, or Victim Helpline at 1­800­FYI­CALL). statements made therein. Furthermore, This Web site also features victim OVC and the National Center for Victims servic es practice and legislative of Crime do not endorse any commercial information for victim service products advertised or available on providers, the national Stalking any site.) ■ Resource Center, and the Teen Victim Initiative. (Thiss not site associated i with OVC or NCJRS.)

VictimLaw Database (www.victimlaw.info) VictimLaw is a unique and ground­ breaking resource offering the first comprehensive, online database of more than 15,000 victims’ rights­ related legal provisions, including: federal and state victims’ rights statutes; tribal laws; constitutional amendments; court rules; administrative code provisions; attorney general opinions; and case summaries of related court decisions. This user­ friendlys available tool i free of charge and provides instant access to a wide range of previously hard­to­find, regularly updated legal information. VictimLaw is accessible by visiting www.victimlaw.info.

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Federal Agencies/Resources Bureau of Justice Assistance www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA Bureau of Justice Statistics www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs Center for Substance Abuse Prevention http://prevention.samhsa.gov Center for Substance Abuse Treatment http://csat.samhsa.gov Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov Federal Bureau of Investigation www.fbi.gov Uniform Crime Reports www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htm Federal Judicial Center www.fjc.gov USA.Gov www.usa.gov National Archive of Criminal Justice Data www.icpsr.umich.edu/NACJD National Clearinghouse fo r Alcohol and Drug Information http://ncadi.samhsa.gov National Criminal Justice Reference Service www.ncjrs.gov National Highway Traffic Safety Administration www.nhtsa.dot.gov National Institute of Corrections www.nicic.org National Institute of Justice www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism www.niaaa.nih.gov National Institute on Drug Abuse www.drugabuse.gov National Sex Offender Registry www.nsopr.gov Office for Victims of Crime www.ovc.gov Office of Community Oriented Policing Services www.cops.usdoj.gov Office of Justice Programs www.ojp.usdoj.gov Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ojjdp Office of National Drug Control Policy www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov Office on Violence Against Women www.usdoj.gov/ovw Supreme Court of the United States www.supremecourtus.gov THOMAS: Federal Legislation http://thomas.loc.gov U.S. Department of Education: Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Othe r Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention www.higheredcenter.org U.S. Department of Education Office of Safe and Drug­Free Schools www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/osdfs U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Grantsnet www.hhs.gov/grantsnet U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Grants Information www.hhs.gov/grants/index.shtml U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: HRSA Funding Opportunities www.hrsa.gov/grants/default.htm U.S. Department of Justice www.usdoj.gov U.S. Department of State: Bureau of Consular Affairs, Help for American Victims of Crime Overseas http://travel.state.gov/travel/tips/emergencies/emergencies_1748.html U.S. Department of Veterans’ Affairs, National Center for PTSD www.ncptsd.org U.S. House of Representatives Victims’ Rights Caucus http://vrc.poe.house.gov U.S. Parole Commission www.usdoj.gov/uspc

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National Victim­Related Organizations American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law www.abanet.org/child Commission on Domestic Violence www.abanet.org/domviol Commission on Law and Aging www.abanet.org/aging American Humane Association www.americanhumane.org American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children www.apsac.org Anti­Defamation League www.adl.org Asian Task Force Against Domestic Violence www.atask.org Battered Women’s Justice Project www.bwjp.org Child Abuse Prevention Network http://child­abuse.com Child Quest International www.childquest.org Child Welfare Information Gateway www.childwelfare.gov Child Welfare League of America www.cwla.org Childhelp USA www.childhelpusa.org Concerns of Police Survivors www.nationalcops.org Institute on Domestic Violence in the African American Community www.dvinstitute.org Institute on Violence, Abuse and Trauma www.ivatcenters.org Justice Solutions www.justicesolutions.org Mothers Against Drunk Driving www.madd.org National Alliance for Drug Endangered Children www.nationaldec.org National Alliance to End Sexual Violence www.naesv.org National Association of Crime Victim Compensation Boards www.nacvcb.org National Association of Social Workers www.socialworkers.org National Association of VOCA Assistance Administrators www.navaa.org National Center for Missing and Exploited Children www.missingkids.com National Center for Victims of Crime www.ncvc.org National Center on Elder Abuse www.elderabusecenter.org National Children’s Alliance www.nca­online.org National Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.ncadv.org National Coalition of Homicide Survivors www.mivictims.org/nchs National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association www.nationalcasa.org National Crime Victim Law Institute www.lclark.edu/org/ncvli National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center www.musc.edu/ncvc National Fraud Information Center www.fraud.org National Insurance Crime Bureau www.nicb.org National Multicultural Institute www.nmci.org National Network to End Domestic Violence www.nnedv.org National Organization Against Male Sexual Victimization www.malesurvivor.org National Organization for Victim Assistance www.trynova.org

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National Organization of Parents Of Murdered Children, Inc. www.pomc.com National Resource Center on Domestic Violence www.nrcdv.org National School Safety Center www.schoolsafety.us National Sexual Violence Resource Center www.nsvrc.org National Victim Assistance Academy (OVC) www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/assist/vaa.htm National Victims’ Rights Constitutional Amendment Network www.nvcap.org National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center www.vawprevention.org Parents for Megan’s Law www.parentsformeganslaw.com Prevent Child Abuse America www.preventchildabuse.org Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network www.rainn.org Safe Campuses Now www.safecampusesnow.org Safe NOW Project, Inc. http://safenowproject.org Security On Campus, Inc. www.securityoncampus.org Stalking Resource Center www.ncvc.org/src Victims’ Assistance Legal Organization (VALOR) www.valor­national.org Voices for America’s Children www.childadvocacy.org Witness Justice www.witnessjustice.org

National Associations: Criminal and Juvenile Justice and Public Policy­Related Associations American Center for Law and Justice www.aclj.org American Correctional Association www.aca.org American Correctional Health Services Association www.achsa.org American Council for Drug Education www.acde.org American Jail Association www.corrections.com/aja American Judges Association http://aja.ncsc.dni.us American Probation and Parole Association www.appa­net.org American Youth Policy Forum www.aypf.org Association for Conflict Resolution www.acrnet.org Association of Paroling Authorities International www.apaintl.org Association of State Correctional Administrators www.asca.net Balanced and Restorative Justice Project www.barjproject.org Center for Court Innovation www.communityjustice.org Center on Juvenile & Criminal Justice www.cjcj.org Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking http://rjp.umn.edu Center for Sex Offender Management www.csom.org Coalition for Juvenile Justice www.juvjustice.org Community Anti­Drug Coalition Institute www.coalitioninstitute.org Community Policing Consortium www.communitypolicing.org

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Correctional Education Association www.ceanational.org Council of State Governments www.csg.org Governors Highway Safety Association www.ghsa.org Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention www.edc.org/hec Institute for Law and Justice www.ilj.org International Association of Campus Law Enforcement Administrators www.iaclea.org International Association of Chiefs of Police www.theiacp.org International Association of Reentry www.reentry.cc Join Together www.jointogether.org Mental Health America www.nmha.org National Association for Community Mediation www.nafcm.org National Association for Court Management www.nacmnet.org National Association for Native American Children of Alcoholics www.whitebison.org/nanacoa National Association of Attorneys General www.naag.org National Association of Counties www.naco.org National Association of Drug Court Professionals www.nadcp.org National Association of Police Organizations www.napo.org National Association of State Alcohol & Drug Abuse Directors www.nasadad.org National Association of State Judicial Educators http://nasje.org National Association of Victim Service Professionals in Corrections www.navspic.org National Association of Women Judges www.nawj.org National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise www.cneonline.org National Center for State Courts www.ncsconline.org National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse www.casacolumbia.org National Conference of State Legislatures www.ncsl.org National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics www.search.org National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges www.ncjfcj.org National Criminal Justice Association www.ncja.org National District Attorneys Association www.ndaa­apri.org National Governors Association www.nga.org National Indian Justice Center www.nijc.org National Judicial College www.judges.org National Juvenile Detention Association www.njda.com National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center www.nlectc.org National League of Cities www.nlc.org National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives www.noblenatl.org National Sheriffs’ Association www.sheriffs.org Partnership for a Drug­Free America www.drugfree.org Police Executive Research Forum www.policeforum.org Police Foundation www.policefoundation.org

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Restorative Justice Online www.restorativejustice.org Restorative Justice Project www.restorativejusticeproject.org Southern Poverty Law Center www.splcenter.org State Justice Institute www.statejustice.org Victim Offender Mediation Association www.voma.org

State Crime Victim Compensation Programs Alabama www.acvcc.state.al.us Alaska www.state.ak.us/admin/vccb Arizona www.acjc.state.az.us/victim/victcomp.asp Arkansas www.acic.org/justice California www.vcgcb.ca.gov Colorado http://dcj.state.co.us/ovp/comp_english.htm Connecticut www.jud.ct.gov/crimevictim Delaware http://courts.delaware.gov/vccb District of Columbia www.dccourts.gov/dccourts/superior/cvcp.jsp Florida www.myfloridalegal.com/victims Georgia http://cjcc.ga.gov/victimDetails.aspx?id=62 Hawaii www.hawaii.gov/cvcc Idaho www.iic.idaho.gov/cv/crimevictims.htm Illinois www.illinoisattorneygeneral.gov/victims/cvc.html Indiana www.in.gov/cji/comp/faq.html Iowa www.state.ia.us/government/ag/helping_victims/index.html Kansas www.ksag.org/content/page/id/117 Kentucky www.cvcb.ky.gov Louisiana www.corrections.state.la.us/Programs/victims.htm Maine www.state.me.us/ag/index.php?r=crimeandvictims&s=victimscompensation Maryland www.dpscs.state.md.us/victimservs/vs_cicb.shtml Massachusetts www.ago.state.ma.us/sp.cfm?pageid=1657 Michigan www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7­132­2940_3184­­­,00.html Minnesota www.ojp.state.mn.us/MCCVS/FinancialHelp Mississippi www.mississippi.gov/frameset.jsp?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ago.state.ms.us%2F divisions%2Fcrime_victim%2Fcvcinfo.php Missouri www.dolir.mo.gov/wc/cv_help.htm Montana www.doj.state.mt.us/victims/default.asp Nebraska www.ncc.state.ne.us/services_programs/crime_victim_reparations.htm Nevada http://dadmin.state.nv.us/Victims_FAQs.htm New Hampshire http://doj.nh.gov/victim/compensation.html New Jersey www.state.nj.us/victims

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New Mexico www.state.nm.us/cvrc New York www.cvb.state.ny.us North Carolina www.nccrimecontrol.org/vjs North Dakota www.state.nd.us/docr/parole/victim_comp.htm Ohio www.ag.state.oh.us/victim/compensation.asp Oklahoma www.ok.gov/dac/Victims_Services/Victims_Comp_Claim_Status_&_Payment_Lookup/index.html Oregon www.doj.state.or.us/crimev/comp.shtml#compensation Pennsylvania www.pccd.state.pa.us/pccd/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=571196 Rhode Island www.treasury.ri.gov/crimevictim South Carolina www.govoepp.state.sc.us/sova South Dakota http://dss.sd.gov/elderlyservices/services/cvc/index.asp Tennessee www.treasury.state.tn.us/injury.htm Texas www.oag.state.tx.us/victims/cvc.shtml Utah www.crimevictim.utah.gov Vermont www.ccvs.state.vt.us/victcomp.html Virginia www.cicf.state.va.us Washington www.lni.wa.gov/ClaimsInsurance/CrimeVictims/default.asp West Virginia www.legis.state.wv.us/Joint/victims/main.cfm Wisconsin www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs Wyoming http://vssi.state.wy.us/cvcHome.asp?heading=Crime%20Victim%20Compensation

State VOCA Victim Assistance Agencies Alabama www.ago.state.al.us/victim.cfm Alaska www.dps.state.ak.us/cdvsa Arizona www.azvictims.com Arkansas www.arkansas.gov/dfa/igs/igs_voca.html California www.oes.ca.gov/Operational/OESHome.nsf/CJPDHome?OpenForm Colorado http://dcj.state.co.us/ovp/VOCA.html Connecticut www.jud.ct.gov/crimevictim Delaware www.state.de.us/cjc/victim.shtml District of Columbia http://ovs.dmpsj.dc.gov/ovs/site/default.asp Florida http://myfloridalegal.com/victims Georgia http://cjcc.ga.gov/grantDetails.aspx?id=234 Hawaii http://hawaii.gov/ag/cpja/main/gp Idaho http://www2.state.id.us/crimevictim Illinois www.icjia.org/public/index.cfm?metaSection=Grants&metaPage=ICJIAGrants Indiana www.in.gov/cji/victim Iowa www.state.ia.us/government/ag/helping_victims/services/grant_program.html Kansas www.ksag.org/content/page/id/58

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Kentucky http://ag.ky.gov/victims Louisiana www.lcle.state.la.us/programs/cva.asp Maine www.maine.gov/dhhs/index.shtml Maryland www.dhr.state.md.us/victim Massachusetts www.mass.gov/mova Michigan www.michigan.gov/mdch/0,1607,7­132­2940_3184­­­,00.html Minnesota www.ojp.state.mn.us/grants/crime_victim_grants/index.htm Mississippi www.dps.state.ms.us/dps/dps.nsf/divpages/ps2ojp?OpenDocument Missouri www.dps.mo.gov/webvictims/grants/voca.htm Montana http://doj.mt.gov/victims/default.asp Nebraska www.ncc.state.ne.us Nevada Department of Human Resources www.dhhs.nv.gov New Hampshire www.doj.nh.gov/victim/compensation.html New Jersey www.nj.gov/lps/dcj/victimwitness/index.html New Mexico www.state.nm.us/cvrc/voca.html New York www.cvb.state.ny.us/grants.htm North Carolina www.gcc.state.nc.us/ForPreApp/victims.htm North Dakota www.state.nd.us/docr/parole/voca_grant.htm Ohio www.ag.state.oh.us/victim/assistance.asp Oklahoma www.ok.gov/dac/Victims_Services/index.html Oregon www.doj.state.or.us/crimev/vawa.shtml Pennsylvania www.pccd.state.pa.us/pccd/cwp/view.asp?a=3&Q=571196 Rhode Island www.rijustice.state.ri.us/voca South Carolina www.scdps.org/ojp/voca/voca_grant.html South Dakota http://dss.sd.gov/elderlyservices/services/cvc/index.asp Tennessee www.state.tn.us/finance/rds/ocjp.htm Texas www.governor.state.tx.us/divisions/cjd Utah www.crimevictim.utah.gov Vermont www.ccvs.state.vt.us Virginia www.dcjs.virginia.gov/victims Washington www.lni.wa.gov/ClaimsIns/CrimeVictims/default.asp West Virginia www.wvdcjs.com/justiceprograms/victimsofcrime.html Wisconsin www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs/voca/voca_program.asp Wyoming http://vssi.state.wy.us/grantHome.asp?heading=Grant%20Information

State Attorneys General Victim Services Programs Alabama www.ago.state.al.us/victim.cfm Alaska www.law.state.ak.us/department/criminal/victims_assist.html Arizona www.azag.gov/victims_rights/index.html

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Arkansas www.ag.state.ar.us California http://ag.ca.gov/victimservices/index.htm Colorado www.ago.state.co.us/safe_communities.cfm?MenuPage=True Connecticut www.ct.gov/ag/site/default.asp Delaware www.state.de.us/attgen/main_page/victims/victims_guide.shtml District of Columbia http://occ.dc.gov/occ/cwp/view,a,3,q,530974,occNav,31692,.asp Florida http://myfloridalegal.com/victims Georgia http://law.ga.gov/00/channel_title/0,2094,87670814_87670971,00.html Hawaii http://hawaii.gov/ag Idaho http://www2.state.id.us/ag Illinois www.ag.state.il.us/victims/index.html Indiana www.in.gov/attorneygeneral/legal/victim Iowa www.iowaattorneygeneral.org/helping_victims/index.html Kansas www.ksag.org/content/page/id/40 Kentucky http://ag.ky.gov/victims Louisiana www.ag.state.la.us/VictimRights.aspx Maine www.maine.gov/ag/?r=crimeandvictims Maryland www.oag.state.md.us/victim.htm Massachusetts www.ago.state.ma.us Michigan www.michigan.gov/ag/0,1607,7­164­­­­,00.html Minnesota www.ag.state.mn.us Mississippi www.ago.state.ms.us/index.php/sections/victims/victim_assistance Missouri www.ago.mo.gov/crimevictims/crimevictims.htm Montana http://doj.state.mt.us/victims/default.asp Nebraska www.ago.state.ne.us Nevada www.ag.state.nv.us New Hampshire www.doj.nh.gov/victim/index.html New Jersey www.state.nj.us/lps New Mexico www.ago.state.nm.us/divs/vawomen/vaw.htm New York www.oag.state.ny.us/crime/crime.html North Carolina www.ncdoj.com/victimscitizensservices/vscs_about.jsp North Dakota www.ag.state.nd.us Ohio www.ag.state.oh.us/victim/assistance.asp Oklahoma www.oag.state.ok.us/oagweb.nsf/VServices!OpenPage Oregon www.doj.state.or.us/crimev/directory_vso.shtml Pennsylvania www.attorneygeneral.gov Rhode Island www.riag.state.ri.us/criminal/unit.php?name=victim South Carolina www.scattorneygeneral.org/public/victimassist.php South Dakota http://dci.sd.gov/victimservices/index.htm Tennessee www.attorneygeneral.state.tn.us/victim/victim.htm

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Texas www.oag.state.tx.us/victims/victims.shtml Utah http://attorneygeneral.utah.gov/victimsassist.html Vermont www.atg.state.vt.us/display.php?smod=165 Virginia www.dcjs.virginia.gov/victims Washington www.atg.wa.gov West Virginia www.wvdcjs.com/justiceprograms/victimsofcrime.html Wisconsin www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs Wyoming http://vssi.state.wy.us

State Domestic Violence Coalitions Alabama Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.acadv.org Alaska Network on Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.andvsa.org Arizona Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.azcadv.org Arkansas Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.domesticpeace.com California Partnership to End Domestic Violence www.cpedv.org Colorado Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.ccadv.org Connecticut Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.ctcadv.org Delaware Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.dcadv.org DC Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.dccadv.org Florida Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.fcadv.org Georgia Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.gcadv.org Hawaii State Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.hscadv.org Idaho Coalition Against Sexual & Domestic Violence www.idvsa.org Illinois Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.ilcadv.org Indiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.violenceresource.org Iowa Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.icadv.org Kansas Coalition Against Sexual and Domestic Violence www.kcsdv.org Kentucky Domestic Violence Association www.kdva.org Louisiana Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.lcadv.org Maine Coalition to End Domestic Violence www.mcedv.org Maryland Network Against Domestic Violence www.mnadv.org Massachusetts Coalition Against Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence www.janedoe.org Michigan Coalition Against Domestic & Sexual Violence www.mcadsv.org Minnesota Coalition for Battered Women www.mcbw.org Mississippi Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.mcadv.org Missouri Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.mocadv.org Montana Coalition Against Domestic & Sexual Violence www.mcadsv.com Nebraska Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Coalition www.ndvsac.org Nevada Network Against Domestic Violence www.nnadv.org

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New Hampshire Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.nhcadsv.org New Jersey Coalition for Battered Women www.njcbw.org New Mexico State Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.nmcadv.org New York State Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.nyscadv.org North Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.nccadv.org North Dakota Council on Abused Women’s Services www.ndcaws.org Action Ohio Coalition for Battered Women www.actionohio.org Ohio Domestic Violence Network www.odvn.org Oklahoma Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.ocadvsa.org Spirits of Hope www.onadvc.com Oregon Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.ocadsv.com Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.pcadv.org Rhode Island Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.ricadv.org South Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.sccadvasa.org South Dakota Coalition Against Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault www.southdakotacoalition.org Tennessee Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.tcadsv.org Texas Council on Family Violence www.tcfv.org Utah Domestic Violence Council www.udvac.org Vermont Network Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.vtnetwork.org Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance www.vadv.org Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.wscadv.org West Virginia Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.wvcadv.org Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence www.wcadv.org Wyoming Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.wyomingdvsa.org

State Sexual Assault Coalitions Alabama Coalition Against Rape www.acar.org Alaska Network on Domestic and Sexual Violence www.andvsa.org Arizona Sexual Assault Network www.azsan.org Arkansas Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.acasa.ws California Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.calcasa.org Colorado Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.ccasa.org Connecticut Sexual Assault Crisis Services, Inc. www.connsacs.org DC Rape Crisis Center www.dcrcc.org CONTACT Delaware, Inc. www.contactlifeline.org Florida Council Against Sexual Violence www.fcasv.org Georgia Network to End Sexual Assault www.gnesa.org Idaho Coalition Against Sexual & Domestic Violence www.idvsa.org Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.icasa.org

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Indiana Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.incasa.org Iowa Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.iowacasa.org Kansas Coalition Against Sexual and Domestic Violence www.kcsdv.org Kentucky Association of Sexual Assault Programs, Inc. http://kyasap.brinkster.net Louisiana Foundation Against Sexual Assault www.lafasa.org Maine Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.mecasa.org Maryland Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.mcasa.org Massachusetts Coalition Against Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence www.janedoe.org Michigan Coalition Against Domestic & Sexual Violence www.mcadsv.org Minnesota Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.mncasa.org Mississippi Coalition Against Sexual Abuse www.mscasa.org Missouri Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.mssu.edu/missouri/mocasa/mocasa.htm Montana Coalition Against Domestic & Sexual Violence www.mcadsv.com Nebraska Domestic Violence Sexual Assault Coalition www.ndvsac.org Nevada Coalition Against Sexual Violence www.ncasv.org New Hampshire Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.nhcadsv.org New Jersey Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.njcasa.org New Mexico Clearinghouse on Sexual Abuse and Adult Services www.swcp.com/nmcsaas New York State Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.nyscasa.org New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault www.nycagainstrape.org North Carolina Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.nccasa.org North Dakota Council on Abused Women’s Services www.ndcaws.org Sexual Assault Response Network of Central Ohio www.ohiohealth.com/body.cfm?id=980#prog Oklahoma Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.ocadvsa.org Oklahoma Native American Domestic Violence Coalition www.onadvc.com Oregon Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.ocadsv.com Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape www.pcar.org Daye One, th Sexual Assault and Trauma Resource Center www.dayoneri.org/index.htm South Carolina Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.sccadvasa.org South Dakota Coalition Against Domestic Violence & Sexual Assault www.southdakotacoalition.org Tennessee Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.tcadsv.org Texas Association Against Sexual Assault www.taasa.org Utah Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.ucasa.org Vermont Network Against Domestic and Sexual Violence www.vtnetwork.org Virginia Sexual and Domestic Violence Action Alliance www.vsdvalliance.org Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs www.wcsap.org West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Services, Inc. www.fris.org Wisconsin Coalition Against Sexual Assault www.wcasa.org Wyoming Coalition Against Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault www.wyomingdvsa.org/index1.htm

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 3 VICTIM ASSISTANCE, CRIMINAL, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE­RELATED WEB SITES

Federal and State Corrections (Adult) Federal Bureau of Prisons www.bop.gov Alabama Department of Corrections www.doc.state.al.us Alaska Department of Corrections www.correct.state.ak.us Arizona Department of Corrections www.adc.state.az.us Arkansas Department of Correction www.state.ar.us/doc California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation www.cdcr.ca.gov Colorado Department of Corrections www.doc.state.co.us Connecticut Department of Correction www.ct.gov/doc Delaware Department of Correction www.state.de.us/correct/default.shtml District of Columbia Department of Corrections http://doc.dc.gov/doc/site/default.asp Florida Department of Corrections www.dc.state.fl.us Georgia Department of Corrections www.dcor.state.ga.us Hawaii Department of Public Safety www.hawaii.gov/psd Idaho Department of Correction www.corr.state.id.us Illinois Department of Corrections www.idoc.state.il.us Indiana Department of Correction www.ai.org/indcorrection Iowa Department of Corrections www.doc.state.ia.us Kansas Department of Corrections www.ink.org/public/kdoc Kentucky Department of Corrections www.corrections.ky.gov Louisiana Commission on Law Enforcement & Administration of Criminal Justice www.lcle.la.gov/ Maine Department of Corrections www.state.me.us/corrections Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services www.dpscs.state.md.us/ Massachusetts Department of Correction www.mass.gov/?pageID=eopsagencylanding&L=3&L0=Home&L1=Public+Safety+Agencies&L2=Massachusetts+Department+of+Correction&sid=Eeops Michigan Department of Corrections www.michigan.gov/corrections Minnesota Department of Corrections www.corr.state.mn.us Mississippi Department of Corrections www.mdoc.state.ms.us Missouri Department of Corrections www.doc.missouri.gov Montana Department of Corrections www.cor.state.mt.us Nebraska Department of Correctional Services www.corrections.state.ne.us Nevada Department of Corrections www.ndoc.state.nv.us New Hampshire Department of Corrections www.state.nh.us/nhdoc New Jersey Department of Corrections www.state.nj.us/corrections New Mexico Corrections Department http://corrections.state.nm.us New York State Department of Correctional Services www.docs.state.ny.us New York City Department of Correction www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/doc North Carolina Department of Correction www.doc.state.nc.us North Dakota Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation www.state.nd.us/docr Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction www.drc.state.oh.us

1 4 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE VICTIM ASSISTANCE, CRIMINAL, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE­RELATED WEB SITES

Oklahoma Department of Corrections www.doc.state.ok.us Oregon Department of Corrections www.doc.state.or.us Pennsylvania Department of Corrections www.cor.state.pa.us Rhode Island Department of Corrections www.doc.state.ri.us South Carolina Department of Corrections www.state.sc.us/scdc South Dakota Department of Corrections www.state.sd.us/corrections/corrections.html Tennessee Department of Correction www.state.tn.us/correction Texas Department of Criminal Justice www.tdcj.state.tx.us Utah Department of Corrections www.cr.ex.state.ut.us Vermont Department of Corrections www.doc.state.vt.us Virginia Department of Corrections www.vadoc.state.va.us Washington State Department of Corrections www.doc.wa.gov West Virginia Division of Corrections www.wvdoc.com/wvdoc Wisconsin Department of Corrections www.wi­doc.com Wyoming Department of Corrections http://doc.state.wy.us/corrections.asp

State Corrections (Juvenile) Alabama Department of Youth Services www.dys.alabama.gov Alaska Division of Juvenile Justice www.hss.state.ak.us/djj Arizona Department of Juvenile Corrections www.juvenile.state.az.us/Offices/Victims/VictimsHome.htm Arkansas Department of Human Services, Division of Youth Services www.arkansas.gov/dhs/dys/index.htm California Division of Juvenile Justice www.cdcr.ca.gov/Divisions_Boards/DJJ/index.html Colorado Division of Youth Corrections www.cdhs.state.co.us/dyc Connecticut Bureau of Juvenile Services www.ct.gov/dcf/cwp/view.asp?a=2550&q=314444 Delaware Youth Rehabilitative Services http://kids.delaware.gov/yrs/yrs_MainPage/yrs.shtml District of Columbia Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services www.dc.gov/agencies/detail.asp?id=1610 Florida Department of Juvenile Justice www.djj.state.fl.us Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice www.djj.state.ga.us Hawaii Office of Youth Services www.hawaii.gov/dhs/youth/oys Idaho Department of Juvenile Corrections www.djc.state.id.us Illinois Department of Corrections Juvenile Division www.idoc.state.il.us/subsections/dept_overview/2002/juvenile_division.shtml Indiana Juvenile Facilities www.in.gov/indcorrection/juvfac.html Iowa Juvenile Institutions www.dhs.state.ia.us/dhs2005/dhs_homepage/children_family/juvenile_facilities/index.html Kansas Juvenile Justice Authority http://jja.state.ks.us/index.htm Kentucky Department of Juvenile Justice http://djj.ky.gov Louisiana Office of Youth Development www.oyd.louisiana.gov Maine Department of Corrections Juvenile Services Division www.state.me.us/corrections/juvenile/index.htm Maryland Department of Juvenile Services www.djs.state.md.us

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 5 VICTIM ASSISTANCE, CRIMINAL, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE­RELATED WEB SITES

Massachusetts Department of Youth Services www.state.ma.us/dys Michigan Bureau of Juvenile Justice www.michigan.gov/dhs/0,1607,7­124­5452_34044­­­,00.html Minnesota Department of Corrections Juvenile Facilities www.doc.state.mn.us/facilities/default.htm Mississippi Division of Youth Services www.mdhs.state.ms.us/dys.html Missouri Division of Youth Services www.dss.mo.gov/dys/index.htm Montana Department of Corrections Youth Services www.cor.state.mt.us/YouthServices/YouthServices.asp Nebraska Juvenile Services www.hhs.state.ne.us/jus/jusindex.htm New Hampshire Division for Juvenile Justice Services www.dhhs.nh.gov/DHHS/DJJS/default.htm New Jersey Juvenile Justice Commission www.state.nj.us/lps/jjc/index.html New Mexico Children, Youth and Families Department www.cyfd.org/index.htm New York Office of Children & Family Services Division of Juvenile Justice and Opportunities for Youth www.ocfs.state.ny.us/main/rehab North Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice & Delinquency Prevention www.ncdjjdp.org North Dakota Juvenile Justice Services www.ndaco.org/jj/default.asp Ohio Department of Youth Services www.dys.ohio.gov Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs www.ok.gov/oja Oregon Youth Authority www.oregon.gov/OYA Rhode Island Juvenile Corrections www.dcyf.ri.gov/juvenile_corrections.php South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice www.state.sc.us/djj South Dakota Juvenile Corrections www.state.sd.us/corrections/juvenile_corrections.htm Tennessee Department of Children’s Servicesf Division o Juvenile Justice www.state.tn.us/youth/juvenilejustice.htm Texas Youth Commission www.tyc.state.tx.us Utah Division of Juvenile Justice Services www.hsdyc.state.ut.us Vermont Department of Children and Families www.dcf.state.vt.us Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice www.djj.state.va.us Washington Juvenile Rehabilitation Administration http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/jra West Virginia Division of Juvenile Services www.wvdjs.state.wv.us Wisconsin Division of Juvenile Corrections www.wi­doc.com/index_juvenile.htm Wyoming Juvenile Justice www.wyjuvenilejustice.com

Victims’ Rights Compliance and Enforcement Programs Alaska Office of Victims’ Rights www.officeofvictimsrights.legis.state.ak.us Arizona Voice for Crime Victims www.voiceforvictims.org Colorado Organization for Victim Assistance www.coloradocrimevictims.org Connecticut: Office of the Victim Advocate www.ova.state.ct.us Florida Network of Victim Witness Services www.fnvws.org Iowa Organization for Victim Assistance www.iowaiova.com Kentucky: Mary Byron Foundation www.marybyronfoundation.org Maryland Crime Victims’ Resource Center www.mdcrimevictims.org

1 6 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE VICTIM ASSISTANCE, CRIMINAL, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE­RELATED WEB SITES

Maryland Crime Victims’ Rights Compliance Initiative www.goccp.org/seven/compliance/victims_compliance_initiative.php Michigan Crime Victim Foundation www.crimevictimfoundation.org Michigan Victim Alliance www.mivictims.org Minnesota Center for Victim Services www.ojp.state.mn.us/MCCVS/CVJU/complaint.htm Minnesota: Crime Victim Justice Unit www.ojp.state.mn.us/MCCVS/CVJU/about.htm Missouri Victim Assistance Network http://mova.missouri.org New Mexico Crime Victims Association www.candothat.com/nmcva North Carolina Victim Assistance Network www.nc­van.org Ohio Victim Witness Association www.ovwa.org Oregon Crime Victims’ Assistance Network www.oregonvictims.com/cvanonly.htm Crime Victims United of Oregon www.crimevictimsunited.org South Carolina: Crime Victims’ Ombudsman www.govoepp.state.sc.us/cvo South Carolina Victim Assistance Network www.scvan.org Texans for Equal Justice www.texansforequaljustice.org Texas Victim Services Association www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2962 Utah Council on Victims of Crime www.crimevictim.utah.gov/UCVC/about_UCVC.html Washington Coalition of Crime Victim Advocates www.wccva.org Wisconsin Crime Victims Council www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs/Boards_&_Advisory_groups/Wisconsin_Crime_Victims_Council.asp Wisconsin: Crime Victim Rights Board www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs/CVRB.asp Wisconsin Victim Resource Center (complaint mediation) www.doj.state.wi.us/cvs/victims_rights/Victim_Resource_Center.asp Wyoming Crime Victims Coalition www.wycrimevictims.org

Other Victim Resources Alliance for Justice www.afj.org American Psychological Association www.apa.org Boys & Girls Clubs of America www.bgca.org Children’s Institute Inc. www.childrensinstitute.org Communities Against Violence Network www.cavnet.org Compassionate Friends www.compassionatefriends.com Corporate Alliance to End Partner Violence www.caepv.org Hope for Healing www.geocities.com/HotSprings/2402 International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies www.istss.org International Victimology Website www.victimology.nl Internet Crime Complaint Center www.ic3.gov Jewish Women International www.jewishwomen.org Joint Center on Violence and Victim Studies www.washburn.edu/ce/jcvvs Justice for All www.jfa.net Michigan State University Victims and the Media Program http://victims.jrn.msu.edu National Center for PTSD www.ncptsd.va.gov

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ■ 1 7 VICTIM ASSISTANCE, CRIMINAL, AND JUVENILE JUSTICE­RELATED WEB SITES

National Victim Notification Network http://appriss.com/VINE.html Post Trauma Resources www.posttrauma.com Safe Horizon (New York City region) www.safehorizon.org Security On Campus www.securityoncampus.org Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner www.sane­sart.com Sexual Assault Response Team www.sane­sart.com The Stalking Victim’s Sanctuary www.stalkingvictims.com Stop Bullying Now www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp Victim Assistance Online www.vaonline.org Violence Policy Center www.vpc.org Women’s Justice Center www.law.pace.edu/bwjc Workplace Violence Research Institute www.workviolence.com

Legal Research/Resources Findlaw www.findlaw.com National Crime Victim Law Institute www.lclark.edu/org/ncvli U.S. Supreme Court Decisions http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/index.html VictimLaw www.victimlaw.info WashLaw Legal Research on the Web www.washlaw.edu

Media Criminal Justice Journalists www.reporters.net/cjj Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma www.dartcenter.org News Index http://newsindex.com Newslink http://newslink.org Newspapers.com www.newspapers.com Poynter Institute for Media Studies www.poynter.org Public Relations Society of America www.prsa.org

1 8 ■ 2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE Crime Victimization in the United States Statistical Overviews

Successful advocacy for victims’ rights sive panorama of crime in the United police, and why the crime was or was starts with accurate information from States than either could produce alone. not reported, as well as other details reputable sources that can debunk about the crimes. The survey consis­ The National Crime Victimization myths surrounding crime victimization. tently obtains a very high response Survey is a yearly study in which But condensing that information into rate of about 90 percent of all house­ interviews are conducted with individu­ an easily translatable form can be holds in the sample. Because the survey als age 12 or older in about 40,000 challenging and oftentimes consuming. sample is designed to measure the households. Information is obtained The 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide nation as a whole, information is not from about 80,000 people in these provides 21 one­page statistical available about local areas such as households. The NCVS provides detailed overviews covering major areas of cities, counties, or states. information about the characteristics crime, populations with specific needs, of the victims, the crime incidents, The Uniform Crime Reports is and general crime victimization in whether the crime was reported to based upon local police statistics, the United States. These overviews can be used throughout the year as handouts for What’s Inside community awareness projects, in • Overview of Crime and Victimization in the United States presentations to elected officials and • Campus Crime policymakers, as part of an awareness campaign’s media pitch, and especially • Child Victimization to inform crime victims that they are • Cost of Crime and Victimization not alone in their experience. • Disabilities and Victimization • Domestic Violence/Intimate Partner Violence Interpreting Crime • Drunk and Drugged Driving 1 Statistics • Elder Victimization Crime in the United States is measured • Hate and Bias Crime Victimization by two national statistical programs • Homicide administered by the U.S. Department • Human Trafficking of Justice: the National Crime Victim­ ization Survey (NCVS) and the Uniform • Identity Theft and Financial Crime Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. Each • Internet Victimization program produces valuable information • Mental Health Consequences of Crime about aspects of the nation’s crime • School Crime and Victimization problem. Because the UCR and NCVS programs are conducted for different • Sexual Violence purposes, use different methods, and • Stalking focus on somewhat different aspects • Substance Abuse and Crime Victimization of crime, the information they produce together provides a more comprehen­ • Teen Victimization • Terrorism 1Contributed by Michael Rand, Chief, Victimization Statistics Unit, Bureau of Justice Statistics, • Workplace Violence U.S. Department of Justice.

Sponsored by: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ■ OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS ■ OFFICE FOR VICTIMS OF CRIME which are collected annually by the the results will not applye to th general Federal Bureau of Investigation. This population. Similarly, if a survey has a survey covers murder, which is not very low response rate, the characteris­ measured by the NCVS, ass well a tic s of people who did answer the commercial crimess robberies such a survey may be different from those who and burglaries, which cannot be did not respond. measured in a household survey. The Sometimes statistics from studies UCR covers only crimes reported to done ten years ago or more may police—less than half of all crimes. continue to be used because the study Because the UCR is compiled from local has not been repeated. If these police data, however, it can provide statistics are used, the time period information on crime rates a t the city, that wyas the covered b study should county, and state level. also be mentioned because the findings In addition, a variety of studies are ma y be out of date. conducted by the federal government, Statistics from any source may universities, national research firms be used by groups that advocate such as the Gallup organization, and particular positions on issues involving many other entities that also seek to public policy. Some of these groups measure various subjects related to use reliable statistics from well­docu­ crime and its impact upon victims and mented sources. Other groups may use the population in general. statistics that cannot be documented. Ma ny people assume that all A group may also present statistics statistics are equal, but there are great selectively to support a particular point variationse in th quality of statistical of view. Sometimes there may be data. In evaluating anyt is statistic, i honest differences of opinion about prudent to know something about the conclusions that are drawn from the source, because the reliability of any same statistic. An understanding of finding is dependent on how rigorously these issues can encourage more the study from which it is drawn critical analysis of all statistics, rather adheres to sound statistical practice than viewing any single number as the and survey methodology. “absolute truth.” ■ For estimates drawn from surveys, sound statistical and survey methodol­ ogy involves using a valid sample that is representative of the population that the survey is attempting to measure. The sample size must be sufficient to produce statistically reliable results for the phenomenon being measured. Because of the relative rarity of crime victimization, extremely large samples are required. The survey procedures, including the questionnaire used, must be carefully designed to avoid intro­ ducing biasese into th estimates. The results must be presented in an unbiased manner that includes any caveats about the estimates. Many aspects of a statistical study can affect the validity and reliability of findings. A sample that represents one population will not be generalizable to another population. Fof r example, i college students only are surveyed,

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE OVERVIEW OF CRIME AND VICTIMIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES

In 2005, 23 million crimes were committed in the United Of the 42,642 deaths in motor vehicle crashes in 2006, States; of these, 5.2 million were violent8 and 1 million were 41 percent, o r 17,602, were attributed to alcohol.11 property crimes.1 In 2005, 85,000 persons over the age of 65 were victims of Forty­seven percent of violent crime and 40 percent of non­fatal violentn crime i 2005.12 property crime was reported to the police.2 In 2005, 7,163 hate crimes were reported to law enforcement.13 An estimated 16,692 persons were murdered nationwide in Between 2003 and 2006, the number of adult victims of 2005, an increase of 3.4 percente from th 2004 figure.3 identity fraud in the United States declined marginally from Child protective services nationwiden found a estimated 10 million to 9 million people.14 899,000 children to be victims of neglect orn abuse i 2005.4 In 2005, 24 percent of all violent crime incidents were In 2005, 389,100 women and 78,180 men were victimized by committed by an armed offender, and 9 percent by an an intimate partner.5 offender with a firearm.15 In 2005, victims experienced 191,670 incidents of rape and Each year, an estimated 14,500 to 17,500 foreign nationals sexual assault.6 are trafficked into the United States.16 More than one million women and almost 400,000 men are An average of 1.7 million people are victims of violent crime stalked annuallye in th United States.7 while working or on duty each year. An estimated 1.3 million (75 percent) of these incidents are simple assaults while an In 2005, teens ages 12 to 19 and young adults ages 20 to additional 19 percent are aggravated assaults.17 24 experienced the highest rates of violent crime.8 Fifteen percent of violent crime and 95 percent of property In 2005, teenagers (ages 12 to 19) experienced 1.5 million crime resulted in economic losses in 2005.18 violent crimes; this figure includes 175,391 robberies and 73,354 sexual assaults and rapes.9 In 2006, 95,270 crimes were reported on college and university campuses; 97 percent were property crimes and More than a quarter of people with severe mental illness had three percent violent crimes.19 been victims of a violentn crime i the past year, a rate more than 11 times higher than thate of th general population In 2003, students ages 12 to 18 were victims of 154,200 even after controlling for demographic differences.10 serious violent crimes at school.20

1 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victim­ Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of 13 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Hate Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Depart­ ization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau Justice, 1998), 2, Crime Statistics 2005,” (Washington, DC: ment of Justice, 2001), 1, http://www. of Justice Statistics, 2006), 1, http:// http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/169592. GPO, 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/vw99.pdf, www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05. pdf, (accessed August 8, 2007). ucr/hc2005/table1.htm, (accessed (accessed September 11, 2007). pdf, (accessed October 15, 2007). August 20, 2007). 8 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal 18 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal 2 Ibid., 10. Victimization, 2005,” 8. 14 Council of Better Business Bureaus, Victimization in the United States, 2004: Inc., “New Research Shows Identity Statistical Tables,” (Washington, DC: 3 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime 9 Ibid., 7. in the United States, 2005: Murder,” Fraud Growth Is Contained And Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 10 Linda Teplin et al., “Crime Victimiza­ Consumers Have More Control Than Table 81, http://www.ojp.usdoj. (Washington, DC: Federal Bureau of tion in Adults with Severe Mental They Think,” (Arlington, VA: Council of gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cvus04.pdf, (accessed Investigation, 2006), http://www.fbi. Illness: Comparison with the National gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/violent_crime/ Better Business Bureaus, Inc., 2006), September 14, 2007). Crime Victimization Survey,” Archives of https://secure.platypusvideo.com/ murder_homicide.html, (accessed 19 Federal Bureau of Investigation, General Psychiatry 62 (2005): 911­21. articlenews/article.php?articleID=25, August 22, 2007). “Crime in the United States, 2005, 11 National Highway Traffic Safety (accessed October 15, 2007). Table 9,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), 4 Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment, Administration, “Traffic Safety Facts: 15 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/ta 2005,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart­ Crash Stats: 2006 Traffic Safety Annual Victimization, 2005,” 10. ble_09.html, (accessed August 3, 2007). ment of Health and Human Services, Assessment­A Preview,” (Washington, 16 20 2006), 61, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/ DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, Department of Justice, “Report to National Center for Education Statistics programs/cb/pubs/cm05/cm05.pdf, Congress from Attorney General John and Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Indica­ 2007), http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ (accessed August 3, 2007). portal/nhtsa_static_file_downloader.jsp Ashcroft on U.S. Government Efforts to tors of School Crime and Safety: 2005,” Combat Trafficking in Persons in Fiscal (Washington, DC: U.S. Departments of 5 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victim­ ?file=/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA?NCSA/ Yea r 2003,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Education and Justice, 2006), http:// ization, 2005,” 9. Content/RNotes/2007/810791.pdf, Department of Justice, 2004), 3, nces.ed.gov/programs/crimeindicators/ 6 (accessed August 15, 2007). Ibid., 3. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/ Indicators.asp?PubPageNumber=2&Show 12 Data extrapolated from Shannan M. 7 Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, releases/2004/07/ashcroft_report.pdf, TablePage=TablesHTML/table_2.1.asp, Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, 2005, “Stalking in America: Findingse from th (accessed August 10, 2007). (accessed October 15, 2007). 3.” National Violence Against Women 17 Detis Duhart, “Violence in the Work­ Survey,” (Washington, DC: National place, 1993­99,” (Washington, DC:

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE CAMPUS CRIME

In 2006, 95,270 crimes were reported on college and Male college students were twice as likelye to b victims of university campuses; 97 percent were property crimes, and overall violence than female students.8 3 percent violent crimes.1 White college students had somewhat higher rates of Of the violent crimes reported on college campuses, 1,445 violent victimization than black students and higher rates (53 percent) were aggravated assaults, 761 (28 percent) than students of other races.9 were robberies, 501 (18 percent) were forcible rapes, and 5 (0.1 percent) were murders.2 Victims of rape/sexual assault were about four times more likelye to b victimized by someone they knew than by Theft was the most prevalentf form o property crime a stranger.10 (77,372), accounting for 84 percent, followed by 12,128 burglaries (13 percent), 3,058 motor vehicle thefts Eight0 of 1 robberies of college students were committed (3 percent), and 433 incidents of arson (0.5 percent).3 by strangers, compared to aboutf 6 o 10 assaults and about 2 of 10 rape/sexual assaults.11 In 2001, more than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 were victims of alcohol­related sexual assault or Nine percent of violent victimizations against college date rape. More than 696,000 students between the ages students involved offenders armed with firearms; 7 percent of 18 and 24 were assaulted by another student who had were committed with knives; and 10 percent were committed been drinking.4 with other types of weapons, such as a blunt object.12

Thirteen percent of college women were stalked at some About 35 percent of violent victimizations against college poi nt between fall of 1996 and spring of 1997. Four in students were reported to the police.13 5 campus stalking victims knew their stalkers, and0 3 in 1 college women reported being injured emotionally or Most crimes against students (93 percent) occurred off psychologically from being stalked.5 campus; of those, 72 percent occurred at night.14

From 1995 to 2002, college students ages 18 to 24 In 2004, crimes occurring in on­campus residence halls experienced violence at average annual rates lower than included 957 assaults, 1,938 forcible sex offenses, and those for non­students in the same age group.6 10 non­forcible sex offenses.15

Aboutn 4 i 10 violent crimes against college students were Hate and bias crimes reported on school and college committed by offenders who were perceived by victims to campusesp made u almost 14 percent of all hate and bias be using drugs or alcohol.7 crimes reported throughout the United States in 2005.16

1 Federal Bureau of Investigation, (2005): 267, http://www.collegedrink 7 Ibid. 15 U.S. Department of Education, “Crime in the United States, 2005, ingprevention.gov/media/Mag_and_ “Summary, Campus Crime and Security 8 Ibid. Table 9,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), Prev_ARPH_April_2005.pdf, (accessed Statistics 2002­2004: Criminal 9 http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/ August 3, 2007). Ibid. Offenses,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), table_09.html, (accessed August 3, 10 http://www.ed.gov/admins/lead/safety/ 5 Bonnie S. Fisher et al., “The Sexual Ibid., 4. 2007). crime/summary.html, (accessed August Victimization of College Women,” 11 Ibid., 1. 3, 2007). 2 Ibid. (Washington, DC: NIJ/BJS, 2000), 27­28, 12 Ibid., 5. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/182 16 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 3 Ibid. 369.pdf, (accessed August 3, 2007). 13 Ibid., 6. “Hate Crime Statistics 2004, Table 10,” 4 Ralph W. Hingson et al., “Magnitude of (Washington, DC: GPO, 2005), 6 Katrina Baum and Patsy Klaus, “Violent 14 Ibid., 1. Alcohol­Related Mortality and Morbidity http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2004/hctable Victimization of College Students, 1995­ among U.S. College Students Ages 10.htm, (accessed August 3, 2007). 18­24: Changes from 1998 to 2001,” 2002,” (Washington, DC: BJS, 2005), 1, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ Annual Review of Public6 Health 2 vvcs02.pdf, (accessed August 3, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE CHILD VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, 899,000 children were victims of child abuse or of child maltreatment8 in 1 percente of th cases. Child neglect.1 victims maltreated by a non­parental perpetrator accounted for 10 percente of th total.7 During 2005, 1,460 children died due to child abuse or neglect. More than three­quarters (77 percent) of children Nearly 8 percent of child victims had a reported disability.8 who were killed were younger than 4 years of age.2 Twenty­six children were killed by their babysitter in 2005.9 During 2005, 63 percent of child victims experienced neglect, 17 percent were physically abused, 9 percent were sexually Five percent of child molesters released from prison commit abused, 7 percent were psychologically maltreated, and 2 a new sex offense within three years of their release.10 percent were medically neglected. In addition, 14 percent of child victims experienced “other” type s of maltreatment The most significant predictor of whether a battered woman such as “abandonment,” “threats of harm to the child,” will physically abuse hers having child i been physically or “congenital drug addiction.”3 abused by h er own mother, not whether she has been battered by her partner.11 Fifty­one percent of child abuse or neglect victims were girls, and 47 percent were boys.4 The direct cost of child abuse and neglecte in th United States totals more than $24 billion annually. (This figure The youngest children had the highest rate of victimization includes law enforcement, judicial system, child welfare, and and accounted for the largest percentage of victims. Children healthcare costs.) When factoring in indirect costs (special from birth to 3 years of age accounted for 30 percent of education, mental health and health care, juvenile child victims.5 delinquency, lost productivity, and adult criminality), the figure rises to more than $94 billion annually.12 One­half (48 percent) of all child victims were white, almost one quarter (23 percent) were African­American, and 17 Victims of child abuse constituted 18 percente of th percent were Hispanic. African­American children, Pacific recipients of crime victim compensation.13 Islander children, and American Indian or Alaska Native children had the highest rates of victimization.6 Based on extrapolationse from th National Incident­Based Reporting System, approximately 2,900 criminal incidents of Mothers were the sole abuser0 in 4 percent of substantiated pornography with juvenile involvement were known to state cases, fathers in 18 percent. Both parents were perpetrators and local police in 2000.14

1 Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment, 9 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime 11 Carol Coohey, “Battered Mothers Who Compensation Boards, 2006), 2005,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart­ in the United States, 2005: Expanded Physically Abuse Their Children,” Journal http://nacvcb.org, (accessed August 3, ment of Health and Human Services, Homicide Data, Table 12,” (Washington, of Interpersonal Violence 19 no. 8, 2007). 2006), 25, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/ DC: FBI, 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ (August 2004): 943­52. 14 David Finkelhor and Richard Ormrod, programs/cb/pubs/cm05/cm05.pdf, 05cius/ offenses/expanded_information/ 12 Suzette Fromm, “Annual Cost of Child “Child Pornography: Patterns from (accessed August 3, 2007). data/shrtable_12.html, (accessed Maltreatment, Prevent Child Abuse NIBRS,” (Washington, DC: Office of August 3, 2007). 2 Ibid., 61. America,” (Washington, DC: Prevent Juvenile Justice and Delinquency 10 Patrick A. Langan et al., “Recidivism of Child Abuse America, 2001), Prevention, 2004), 2, http://www. 3 Ibid., 27. Sex Offenders Released from Prison in http://www.preventchildabuse.org, ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/204911.pdf, 4 Ibid. 1994,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of (accessed August 3, 2007). (accessed August 3, 2007). 5 Justice Statistics, 2003), 7, http://www. Ibid., 46. 13 National Association of Crime Victim ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/rsorp94.pdf, 6 Compensation Boards, “FY 2005: Ibid., 28. (accessed August 3, 2007). Compensation to Victims Continues to 7 Ibid., 29. Increase,” (Alexandria, VA: National 8 Ibid., 56. Association of Crime Victim

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE COST OF CRIME AND VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, 15 percent of violent crimes5 and 9 percent of a 41.7 percent increase from 2004, resulting in $113 million property crimesn resulted i economic losses involving theft in property damage.12 or damage loss.1 In 2005, the average dollar loss per burglary offense was In 2005, the total economic loss to victims was $1.4 billion $1,725. The total amount lost to burglaries was $2.8 billion.13 for violent crime and $15.6 billion for property crime.2 Victim compensation programs distributed $427 million in In 2006, the average loss to telemarketing fraud victims was 2005. This amount is nearlye double th amount reported $2,0363 compared to $2,892 in 2005 and $1,974 in 2004.4 seven years ago.14 The average loss to Internet scam victims wasn $1,917 i Victim compensation programs paid $16.8 million for forensic 2005, comparedn to $895 i 2004. The total loss in 2005 sexual assault exams in 2005, an almost 50 percent increase was $13.9 million, significantly highere than th $5.8 million from 2003.15 reported lost in 2004.5 Victims of child abuse constituted 18 percente of th In 2006, fake­check scamse were th leading telemarketing recipients of crime victim compensation in 2005.16 scam reported to the National Fraud Information Center; In 2005, domestic violence victimsp made u 20 percent of all the average loss to victims was $3,278.6 adult victims compensated b y victim compensation programs; In 2003, the United States (at federal, state, and local 34 percent of all assault claims were paid to domestic violence levels) spent a record $185 billion for police protection, victims.17 corrections, and judicial and legal activities. Since 1982, In 2005, medical expenses constituted 53 percent of all expenditures for operating the criminal justice system victim compensation payments; economic support for lost increased 418 percent, not accounting for inflation.7 wages f or injured victims and for lost support in homicides In 2005, $367 million worth of property was stolen during made up 19 percente of th total; 11 percent of total robberies. The average dollarf value o property stolen per payments were for funeral bills; and 8 percent went toward robbery offense was $1,230.8 mental health counseling for crime victims.18 In 2005, the average value for property stolen during the The direct cost of child abuse and neglecte in th United commission of a larceny­theft was $764 per offense. The States totals more than $24 billion annually. When factoring total value of stolen property was $3.8 billion.9 in indirecte costs, th figure rises to more than $94 billion annually.19 In 2005, the average dollar loss due to arson was $14,910.10 Insurance fraud increases the average household’s insurance There were 31,500 fires intentionally set to structures in premiums by $300.20 200 5, a 13.7 percent decrease from 2004. These fires resulted in 315 civilian deaths and $664 million in property loss.11 Bomb threats cost many school districts losses of over $250,000 due to school closings and the cost of bomb search squads.21 There were 21,000 fires intentionally set to vehicles in 2005,

1 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal “Internet Scams: Fraud Trends January­ 10 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 15 Ibid. Victimization in the United States, 2005: December 2005,” (Washington, DC: “Crime in the United States 2005, 16 Ibid. Statistical Tables,” (Washington, DC: National Consumers League, 2006), Arson,” (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), 17 Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), http://www.fraud.org/2005_Internet_ http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/ Ibid. Table 81, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ Fraud_Report.pdf, (accessed August 10, offenses/property_crime/arson.html, 18 Ibid. pub/pdf/cvus05.pdf, (accessed 2007). (accessed August 10, 2007). 19 Suzette Fromm, “Total Estimated Cost September 14, 2007). 6 11 National Fraud Information Center, Michael J. Karter, Jr., “Fire Loss in the of Child Abuse and Neglect,” (Washing­ 2 Ibid., Table 82. “2006 Top 10: Telemarketing Scam United States During 2005: Full Report,” ton, DC: Prevent Child Abuse America, Trends from NCL’s Fraud Center: January (Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection 3 National Fraud Information Center, 2001), 2, 3, http://www.preventchild “2006 Top 10: Telemarketing Scam – December 2006.” Association, 2006), 14, http://www.nfpa. abusenj.org/documents/index/cost_ana org/assets/files/PDF/OS.fireloss.pdf, Trends from NCL’s Fraud Center: January 7 Kristen A. Hughes, “Justice Expenditure lysis.pdf, (accessed August 10, 2007). (accessed August 8, 2007). – December 2006,” (Washington, DC: and Employment in the United States, 20 National Insurance Crime Bureau, 12 National Consumers League, 2007), 2003,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Ibid. “Insurance Fraud: Understanding the http://fraud.org/stats/2006/telemark Justice Statistics), 1, http://www.ojp. 13 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Basics,” (Des Plaines, IL: National eting.pdf, (accessed August 8, 2007). usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/jeeus03.pdf, “Crime in the United States 2005, Table Insurance Crime Bureau, 2006), (accessed August 10, 2007). 4 National Fraud Information Center, 23.” https://www.nicb.org/cps/rde/xbcr/nicb “Telemarketing Scams: January­December 8 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime /INSURANCE_FRAUD.pdf, (accessed 14 National Association of Crime Victim 2005 Statistics,” (Washington, DC: in the United States 2005, Table 23,” August 10, 2007). Compensation Boards, “FY 2005: National Consumers League, 2006), (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), Compensation to Victims Continues to 21 Graeme R. Newman, “Bomb Threats in http://www.fraud.org/toolbox/2005_ http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/ta Increase,” (Alexandria, VA: NACVCB, Schools,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), Telemarketing_Fraud_Report.pdf, ble_23.html, (accessed August 10, 2007). 2005), http://www.nacvcb.org, 4, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/mime/ (accessed August 10, 2007). 9 Ibid. (accessed August 8, 2007). open.pdf?Item=1433, (accessed August 5 National Fraud Information Center, 10, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE DISABILITIES AND VICTIMIZATION

Note: Given the small size or scope of some of these studies, In this same survey of adult4 women, 7 percent reported not all results can be extrapolated to the nation as a whole. abuse lasting at least three months, 55 percent reported they Further research is needed to assess more fully the prevalence had been abused multiple times a s an adult, and 80 percent of crimes against peopl e with disabilities in the United States. reported being abused by a male partner.7

More than 25 percent of persons with severe mental illness Only 33 percent of the abused women with physical disabilities have been victims of a violentn crime i the past year, a rate who were surveyed sought assistance to address the abuse. more than 11 times thate of th general population, even Only aboutf half o those women viewed the assistance in a after controlling for demographic differences.1 positive light.8

Depending on the type of violent crime (rape, robbery, In a study of 946 women with and without disabilities, assault, and their subcategories), prevalence was 6 to 23 62 percent of women reported that they had experienced times greater among persons with severe mental illness emotional, physical, or sexual abuse. Women with disabilities than among the general population.2 reported abusive incidents similar to those reported by women without disabilities. They also reported other abuses In 2005, nearly 8 percent of child victims of abuse and including withholding the use of wheelchairs, use of braces, neglect had a reported disability. Disabilities considered risk medication, transportation, or essential assistance with factors included mental retardation, emotional disturbance, personal tasks such as dressing o r getting out of bed.9 visual impairment, learning disability, physical disability, behavioral problems, or another medical problem.3 More than half of all abuse of people with disabilities is estimated to be perpetrated by family members and peers A study of North Carolina women found that women with with disabilities. Disability professionals (i.e., paid or unpaid disabilities were four times more likely to have experienced caregivers, doctors, and nurses) are generally believed sexual assaulte in th past year than women without responsible for the other half. In addition, approximately 67 disabilities.4 percent of perpetrators who abused individuals with severe cognitive disabilities accessed them through their work in The same study found that the variables of age, education, disability services.10 mobility, social isolation, and depression can be used to identify4 with 8 percent accuracy whether a woman with In a national survey of domestic violence and rape­crisis a disability may have experienced physical, sexual, or agencies, 67 percente of th survey participants reported that disability­related violence or abuse during the past year.5 their center had served people with mental illness over the past year. Despite the high incidence of violence against In response to a survey of women with physical disabilities, people with disabilities, few participants reported that their 56 percent reported abuse, a number consistent with similar center served people with cognitive disabilities (7 percent), studies. Of this7 group, 8 percent reported physical abuse, with physical disabilities (6 percent), or who are blind, deaf, 66 percent reported sexual abuse, 35 percent were refused or have hearing loss (1 percent).11 hel p with a personal need, and 19 percent were prevented from using an assistive device.6 A study of sexual assault of adult males found that more than 10 percent of male victims had cognitive disabilities.12

1 Linda Teplin et al., “Crime Victimization 4 Sandra Martin et al., “Physical and gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/193769.pdf, 10 Dick Sobsey and Tanis Doe, “Patterns in Adults with Severe Mental Illness: Sexual Assault of Women with (accessed August 10, 2007). of Sexual Abuse and Assault,” Journal of Comparison with the National Crime Disabilities,” Violence Against Women Sexuality and Disability 9 (1991): 243­59. 7 Ibid. Victimization Survey,” Archives of 12 (2006): 823. 11 Michelle Schwartz, Wendie H. Abram­ General Psychiatry 62 (2005): 911­21. 8 Ibid. 5 Margaret A. Nosek et al., “Disability, son, and Heather A. Kamper, “A National 9 2 Ibid. Psychosocial, and Demographic Charac­ Margaret A. Nosek et al., “National Surveye of th Accessibility of Domestic teristics of Abused Women with Physical Study of Women with Physical Disabilities,” Violence and Sexual Assault Services to 3 Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment, Disabilities,” Violence Against Women 12 Chapter VII, (Houston, TX: Center for Women with Disabilities,” (Austin, TX: 2005,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Department (2006): 846. Research on Women with Disabilities, Working Paper, SafePlace, 2004). of Health and Human Services, 2006), 1997), http://www.bcm.edu/crowd/ 6 12 56, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ Sharon Milberger et al., “Michigan national_study/national_study.html, Stermac et al., “Stranger and Acquain­ cb/pubs/cm05/cm05.pdf, (accessed Study on Women with Physical Disabili­ tance Sexual Assault of Adult Males,” (accessed August 14, 2007). August 3, 2007). ties,” (Washington, DC: National Insti­ Journal of Interpersonal Violence 19 tute of Justice, 2002), http://www.ncjrs. (2004): 8.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE/INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

In 2005, 389,100 women and 78,180 men were victimized Domestic violence victims constituted 20 percent of all adult by an intimate partner. These crimes accounted for 9 percent victims compensated b y victim compensation programs in of all violent crime.1 2005. They received compensation for 34 percent of all assault claims.8 Of female murder3 victims, 3 percent were killed by their husbands or boyfriends; 2 percent of male murder victims One study found that women who have experienced any type were killed by their wives or girlfriends.2 of personal violence (even when the last episode was 14 to 30 years ago) reported a greater number of chronic physical Three percent of all murders committed in the workplace symptoms than those who have not been abused. The risk of were committed by the victim’s intimate partner (either suffering from six or more chronic physical symptoms increased husband, wife, or boyfriend).3 with the number of forms of violence experienced.9 A 2004 study found that women living in disadvantaged Approximatelyn 1 i 5 high school girls reported being abused neighborhoods were more than twice as likelye to b the by a boyfriend.10 victi ms of intimate partner violence compared to women in more advantaged neighborhoods.4 For 6 percent of adults on probation, domestic violence was the most seriousf offense o which they had been convicted.11 In 2005, about 15 percent of state and local firearms appli­ cation rejections (10,000 applications) were due to a domestic Although 96 percent of patients believe physicians should violence misdemeanor conviction or restraining order.5 inquire about family conflict, two­thirds report that their physician has never asked them about intimate partner A recent study found that in states with laws restraining violence. Sixty­seven percent of those whose physician has abusers from possessing firearms, intimate partner homicide inquired about family conflict reported that the same rates decreased by 9 to 12 percent. These laws were most physician did indeed help them receive assistance.12 effective when states cross­checked restraining orders with firearm purchases.6 Same­Sex Domestic Violence Of the 757 suspects referred to U.S. Attorneys for a domestic In 2006, lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender people (LGBT) violence offense between 2000 and 2002, 83 percent were experienced 3,534 incidents of domestic violence. Four of suspected of violating the federal law that prohibits firearm these incidents resulted in murder.13 possession by someone with a prior misdemeanor domestic violence conviction or violating the law that prohibits firearm In 2003, 44 percent of these victims were men, 36 percent possession by someone subject to a protection order. The women, and 2 percent transgender. Gender identity was not remaining 17 percent were investigated for interstate domes­ recorded for 9 percente of th victims.14 tic violence/stalking. Violation of a protective order across In casese where th age of the victim was recorded, 58 state lines was suspected in 28 incidents.7 percent were over the age of 30, while 42 percente of th victimsT of LGB domestic violence were under 30.15

1 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal (Washington, DC: National Institute 8 National Association of Crime Victim bjs/pub/pdf/ppus05.pdf, (accessed Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: of Justice, 2004), 1, http://www. Compensation Boards, “FY 2005: August 6, 2007). Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 9, ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/205004.pdf, Compensation to Victims Continues to 12 Sandra K. Burge et al., “Patients’ http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ (accessed August 9, 2007). Increase,” http://www.nacvcb.org, Advice to Physicians about Intervening cv05.pdf, (accessed August 6, 2007). (accessed August 6, 2007). 5 Bowling et al., “Background Checks for in Family Court,” Annals of Family 2 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime Firearm Transfers, 2005,” (Washington, 9 Christina Nicolaidis et al., “Violence, Medicin e 3 (2005): 3. in the United States, 2005: Expanded DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), Mental Health, and Physical Symptoms 13 National Coalition of Anti­Violence Homicide Data,” (Washington, DC: FBI, 5, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/ in an Academic Internal Medicine Programs, “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ pdf/bcft05.pdf, (accessible August 6, Practice,” Journal of General Internal Transgender Domestic Violence,” (New 05cius/offenses/expanded_information/ 2007). Medicine 19 (2004): 815­23. York: National Coalition of Anti­Violence murder_homicide.html, (accessed 6 Elizabeth R. Vigdor and James A. Mercy, 10 Jay Silverman e t al., “Dating Violence Programs,, 2007), 5 18, http://www. August 6, 2007). “Disarming Batterers,” in Evaluating Gun Against Adolescent Girls and Associated avp.org, (accessed August 6, 2007). 3 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Policy, eds. Jens O. Ludwig and Philip J. Substance Use, Unhealthy Weight 14 National Coalition of Anti­Violence “Workplace Violence: Issues in Response,” Cook (Washington, DC: Control, Sexual Risk Behavior, Programs, “Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and (Washington, DC: FBI, 2003), 42, Brookings Institution Press, 2003). Pregnancy, and Suicidality,” JAMA Transgender Domestic Violence: 2003 http://www.fbi.gov/publications/ (2001): 572­79. 7 Matthew Durose et al., “Family Violence Supplement,” (New York: National violence.pdf, (accessed August 6, 2007). Statistics,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of 11 Lauren Glaze, “Probation and Parole Coalition of Anti­Violence Programs, 4 Michael Benson and Greer Fox, “When Justice Statistics, 2005), 51, http://www. in the United States, 2005,” (Washing­ 2004), 7, http://www.avp.org, Violence Hits Home: How Economics ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/fvs.pdf, ton, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, (accessed August 6, 2007. and Neighborhood Play a Role,” (accessed August 6, 2007). 2006), 6, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ 15 Ibid., 9.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE DRUNK AND DRUGGED DRIVING

Of the 42,642 deaths from motor vehicle crashes in 2006, was 25 percent. During the same period, arrests of adults for 17,602 fatalities (41 percent) were in crashes involving alcohol.1 driving under the influence decreased by 6 percent.9 Nearly 1.5 million driving­while­intoxicated (DWI) arrests In 2006, there were 403 crashes and 148 deaths due to occure in th United States each year.2 alcohol use by a boat’s occupants.10 In 2005, an estimated 254,000 people were injured in motor ve­ Operating a boat with a BAC level greater than 0.10 increases hicle crashes where police reported that alcohol was present.3 the risk of death during a boating accident by more than ten times as opposed to a BAC of zero.11 In 2005, 26 percent of drivers involved in fatal crashes had some alcohol in theirt the syste m a time of the crash.4 During the Christmas and New Year holiday time, about 45 Seventy­five percent of drivers in fatal crashes who had percent of all fatalities occur in crashest least where one a of alcohol present in their system had blood alcohol content the drivers has a BAC level of 0.08 or more. During the (BAC) levels of 0.10 or 0.11, greatere than th legal limit remainder of December, the figure is 30 percent.12 in every state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. In a 2005 survey, 29 percent of high­school students said Twenty­five percent of these drivers had BAC levels of 0.21, thate within th past 30 days they had ridden in a vehicle with which is more than twice the legal limit in all states.5 a drive r who had been drinking. In the same survey, 10 per­ In 2005, 21 percente of th children under5 age 1 who were ce nt of high­school students reported having driven a vehicle killed in crashes were killed in alcohol­related crashes.6 when they had been drinking within the past 30 days.13 In 2002 and 2003, 21 percent of people ages 16 to 20 In 2000, each alcohol­related crash cost the American public reported that they had driven in the past year while under $1.1 million. The total cost of all alcohol­related crashes was the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs.7 $51 billion.14 In 2002 and 2003, approximately 4.2 million people ages 16 A study of repeat impaired­driving offenders found that the to 20 reported driving under the influence of either alcohol majority of respondents (54 percent) were alcohol­depen­ or illicit drugse in th past year. Of these, roughly 169,000, or dent. In addition, manye of th respondents had at least one fou r percent, reported being arrested and booked for driving lifetime disorder in addition to alcohol abuse or dependence. under the influence during that time.8 Among those, the most prevalent was major depressive or dysthymic disorder (31 percent), followed by posttraumatic Juvenile arrests for driving under the influence increased stress disorder (15 percent).15 by 33 percent from 1994 to 2003. The increase for female juveniles w as 83 percent, and the increase for male juveniles

1 National Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ 4 National Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ Mental Health Services Administration, (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of istration, “Traffic Safety Facts: Crash istration, “Traffic Safety Facts: 2005 December 2004), http://oas.samhsa. Transportation, 2004), http://www. Stats: 2006 Traffic Safety Annual Assess­ Data: State Alcohol Estimates,” gov/2k4/youthDUI/youthDUI.htm, nhtsa.dot.gov/people/injury/alcohol/ ment – A Preview,” (Washington, DC: (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of (accessed August 15, 2007). StopImpaired/809_824/index.htm#2#2, U.S. Department of Transportation, Transportation, 2006), Table 4, (accessed August 15, 2007). 8 Ibid. 2007), http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/ http://www­nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/ 13 Centers for Disease Control and portal/nhtsa_static_file_downloader.jsp nrd­30/NCSA/ TSF2005/810627.pdf, 9 Howard N. Snyder, “Juvenile Arrests Prevention, “Youth Risk Behavior ?file=/staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/NCSA/ (accessed August 15, 2007). 2003,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart­ ment of Justice, Office of Juvenile Surveillance—United States, 2005,” 5, Content/RNotes/2007/810791.pdf, 5 Timothy M. Pickrell, “Traffic Safety Justice and Delinquency Prevention, (Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health (accessed August 15, 2007). Facts: Research Note: Driver Involve­ and Human Services, 2006), http:// August 2005), 10, http://www.ncjrs.gov/ 2 National Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ ment in Fatal Crashes by Age Group and www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/SS/SS5505.pdf, pdffiles1/ojjdp/209735.pdf, (accessed istration, “Traffic Safety Facts: Laws: Vehicle Type,” (Washington, DC: National August 15, 2007). (accessed August 15, 2007). Blood Alcohol Concentration Test Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 14 Lawrence J. Blincoe e t al., “The 10 U.S. Coast Guard, “2006 Boating Refusal Laws,” (Washington, DC: U.S. 2006), 2, http://www­nrd.nhtsa.dot. Economic Impact of Motor Vehicle Department of Transportation,, 2006), 1 gov/pdf/nrd­30/NCSA/RNotes/2006/ Statistics,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Coast Crashes 2000,” (Washington, DC: U.S. http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/ 810598.pdf, (accessed August 15, Guard, 2007), 30, http://www.uscgboat ing.org/statistics/Boating_Statistics_20 Department of Transportation, 2002), DOT/NHTSA/Rulemaking/Articles/ 2007). Table 11 and 12, http://www.nhtsa.dot. Associated%20Files/07%20BAC%20Test 06.pdf, (accessed August 15, 2007). 6 National Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ gov/ staticfiles/DOT/NHTSA/Communica %20Refusal.pdf, (accessed August 15, istration, “Traffic Safety Facts: 2005 11 U.S. Coast Guard, “Boating Under tion%20&%20Consumer% 20Information/ 2007). Data: Alcohol,” (Washington, DC: the Influence, Alcohol Effects,” (Wash­ Articles/Associated%20Files/Economic 3 National Highway Traffic Safety Admin­ National Highway Traffic Safety Adminis­ ington, DC: U.S. Coast Guard, 2005), Impact2000.pdf, (accessed August 15, istration, “Motor Vehicle Traffic Crash tration, 2006), 2, http://www­nrd.nhtsa. http://www.uscgboating.org/safety/bui 2007). Fatality Counts and Estimates of People dot.gov/pdf/nrd­30/NCSA/TSF2005/ /effects.htm, (accessed August 15, 15 Janet Lapham, Garnett McMIllan, and Injured for 2005,” (Washington, DC: 810616.pdf, (accessed August 15, 2007). 2007). Jodi Lapidus, “Psychiatric Disorders in U.S. Department of Transportation, 12 7 Substance Abuse and Mental Health National Highway Traffic Safety a Sample of Repeat Impaired­Driving 2006), 74, http://www­nrd.nhtsa. Services Administration,f Office o Administration, “Traffic Safety Facts: Offenders,” Journal of Studies on dot.gov/ pdf/nrd30/ncsa/ppt/2006/ Applied Studies, “Driving Under the Crash Stats: Fatalities Related to Alcohol 67 (2006): 707. 810639.pdf, (accessed August 15, 2007). Influence (DUI) among Young Persons,” Impaired Driving During the Christmas (Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and and New Year’s Day Holiday Periods,”

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE ELDER VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, 85,000 persons over the age of 65 were victims of Of the alleged perpetrators of eldern abuse i 2004, 33 non­fatal violent crime.1 percent were adult2 children, 2 percent were other family members, 11 percent were spouses or intimate partners, and In 2004, more than 65 percent of elder maltreatment victims 16 percentn had a unknown relationship to the victim.10 were women.2 The largest number of alleged perpetrators of eldern abuse i In 2004, African Americans constituted 21 percent of elder 2004 were between 30 and 50 years of age.11 maltreatment victims, despite representing 8 percent of all Americans5 age 6 or older.3 Crime victims5 age 6 or older lost a total of $1.3 billion due to personal and property crimes in 2005.12 In 2005, crime victims5 age 6 or older reported 66 percent of personal crimese to th police, the highest reporting rate of People over the age of 60 made up 9 percent of identity all age groups.4 theft victims who reported the crime to the Federal Trade Commission in 2005.13 In 2005, 633 people age 65 or older were murdered.5 Seven percent of Internet fraud victims who filed a complaint The most recent survey of adult protective services found with the Internet Fraud Complaint Center in 2006 were age th at 191,908 reports of elder abuse and neglect of people 60 or older.14 age 60 and older were substantiated in 2004.6 In 2006, the median loss per Internet fraud complaint was Of the reports substantiated by adult protective services in $866 for people age 60 or older. This amount is higher than 2004, 20 percent involved caregiver5 neglect; 1 percent th at of other age groups.15 involved emotional, psychological, or verbal abuse; 15 percent involved financial exploitation; 11 percent involved Of the victims reporting telemarketing fraud to the National physical abuse; and 1 percent involved sexual abuse.7 Fraud Information Center in 2005, 33 percent were age 60 or older.16 In 2004, more than half of alleged perpetrators of elder abuse were women.8 People age 65 or older are equally as likely to face an offender with a weapon as younger people.17 In 2004, domestic settingse were th most common locations of abuse in substantiated reports.9

1 Data extrapolated from Shannan M. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ 10 Ibid., 20. 15 Ibid. Catalano, “Criminal Victimization, cvus05.pdf, (accessed August 16, 2007). 11 Ibid., 22. 16 National Fraud Information Center, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Personal crimes are defined as all violent 12 “Telemarketing Fraud Statistics Reports: Justice Statistics, 2005), 3, http://www. crimes, purse­snatching, and picking Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal Victimization in the United States, 2005, January – December 2005,” (Washing­ ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05.pdf, pockets. ton, DC: National Consumers League, (accessed August 16, 2007). Statistics Tables,” Table 82. 5 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2006), 2, http://www.fraud.org/ 13 2 Pamela B. Teaster et al., “The 2004 “Crime in the United States, 2005: Federal Trade Commission, “National toolbox/2005_Telemarketing_Fraud_ Survey of State Adult Protective Serv­ Expanded Homicide Data, Table 2,” and State Trends in Fraud and Identity Report.pdf, (accessed August 16, 2007). ices: Abuse of Adults 60 Years of Age (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), Theft January – December 2005,” 17 Patsy Klaus, “Crimes Against Persons and Older,” (Washington, DC: National http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/ (Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commis­ Age 65 and Older, 1993­2002,” (Wash­ Center on Elder Abuse, 2006), 22, offenses/expanded_information/data/ sion, 2006), 7, http://www.consumer. gov/idtheft/pdf/clearinghouse_2005.pdf, ington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://www.elderabusecenter.org/pdf/ shrtable_02.html, (accessed August 16, U.S. Department of Justice, 2005), 3, 2­14­06%20FINAL%2060+REPORT.pdf, 2007). (accessed September 26, 2007). http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ (accessed August 16, 2007). 14 6 Pamela B. Teaster, “The 2004 National White Collar Crime Center, cpa6502.pdf, (accessed August 16, 3 Ibid., 19. Survey of State Adult Protective Serv­ “IC3 2006 Internet Crime Report January 2007). ices: Abuse of Adults 60 Years of Age and 1, 2006 – December 31, 2006,” (Wash­ 4 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal Older,” 5. ington, DC: National White Collar Crime Victimization in the United States, 2005, Centere and th Federal Bureau of Inves­ 7 Statistics Tables,” (Washington, DC: Ibid., 18. tigation, 2007), 12, http://www.ic3. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 8 Ibid., 22. gov/media/annualreport/2006_IC3 Table 96, Report.pdf, (accessed August 16, 2007). 9 Ibid.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE HATE AND BIAS CRIME VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, 7,163 hate crime incidents were reported to the 1,554 from their 2005 level of 1,757. Among the anti­ Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).1 Semitic incidents reported in 2006, there were 669 incidents of vandalism and 885 incidents of harassment.10 In 2005, 5,190 hate crimes were committed against persons (as opposed to businesses). Of these crimes, 49 percent were On college campuses in 2006, there were 88 anti­Semitic intimidation, 30 percent were simple assault, and 21 percent incidents nationwide compared to the 2005 level of 98.11 were aggravated assault.2 In the eight statese with th highest overall totals of In 2005, racial bias motivated 55 percent of single­bias hate anti­Semitic acts in 2006, 15 percent of incidents were crime incidents; biasn based o religious beliefs motivated school­based (up 2 percent from 2005).12 17 percent; biasn based o sexual orientation motivated 14 percent; biasn based o ethnicity or nationality motivated 13 In 2006, 1,393 hate and bias incidents against lesbian, gay, percent; and biasn based o disability motivated 0.7 percent.3 bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) victims were reported to the National Coalition of Anti­Violence Programs, a decrease of Of the 4,895 victims of single­bias incidents that were moti­ 3 percent from 2005.13 These incidents affected 1,672 victims vated by8 race, 6 percent were victimsn of a anti­black bias; and were committed by 2,365 offenders.14 an anti­white bias motivated crimes against 20 percent; an anti­Asian/Pacific Islander bias motivated crimes against In 2006, the National Coalition of Anti­Violence Programs 4.9 percent; and 2 percent were victimsn of a anti­American recorded 11 homicides against LGBT individuals. There were Indian/Alaskan Native bias.4 551 incidents of assault or attempted assault3 and 6 sexual assaults.15 Single­bias anti­Hispanic incidents accounted for 59 percent of 1,228 reported victims of ethnicity­based bias.5 In 2005, 38 percent of students ages 12 to 18 had been exposed to hate­related graffiti at school, and 11 percent Of the 1,405 victims of religious bias­related offenses, reported someone directing hate­related words at them.16 70 percent were victimsn of a anti­Jewish bias; anti­Islamic bias motivated crimes against 11 percent.6 Female students reported gender­related hate words three time s more often than males. White students were less likely Of the 1,213 reported victims of sexual­orientation bias, 61 to report race­related hate words than students of other percent were targeted because of a bias against gay males.7 races/ethnicities (3 percent of white students compared to 7 percent of black students, 6 percent of Hispanics, and 9 In 2005, 54 people were victims of incidents involving bias percent of students of other races).17 against persons with disability; 33 were victims of an anti­men­ tal disability bias and 21 of an anti­physical disability bias.8 The homeless population is especially vulnerable to hate and bias victimization. Between 1999 and 2006, 189 homeless In 2005, 6,804 known offenders committed crimes motivated people were murdered by people who were not homeless. by their perceived biases. The majority of these offenders (61 During this same period, there were 425 non­lethal 9 percent) were white and 20 percent were black. attacks against homeless people. Victimsn ranged i age from four months4 to 7 years. The majority of perpetrators were According to the Anti­Defamation League, in 2006, anti­ teen s and young adults.18 Semitic incidents in the United States2 fell 1 percent to

1 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Hate 9 Ibid. 13 Clarence Patton, “Anti­Lesbian, Gay, gov/pubs2007/ 2007003.pdf, (accessed Crime Statistics, 2005,” (Washington, Bisexual, and Transgender Violence in August 20, 2007). 10 Anti­Defamation League, “2006 Audit DC: U.S. Department of Justice, 2006), 2006,” (New York: National Coalition of Anti­Semitic Incidents,” (New York: 17 Ibid., 34. 1, http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/hc2005/ of Anti­Violence Programs,, 2007), 2 Anti­Defamation League, 2007), 18 docdownload/incidentsandoffenses.pdf, http://www.kcavp.org/reports/2006 National Coalition for the Homeless, http://www.adl.org/main_Anti_ “Hate, Violence, and Death on Main (accessed August 20, 2007). Semitism_Domestic/Audit_2006.htm, NationalHVReport.pdf, (accessed August 20, 2007). Street USA: A Report on Hate Crimes and 2 Ibid., 4. (accessed August 20, 2007). Violence Against People Experiencing 14Ibid., 6. 3 Ibid., 1. 11 Ibid. Homelessness in 2006,” (Washington, 15 Ibid. DC: National Coalition for the Homeless, 4 Ibid. 12 Anti­Defamation League, “Anti­Semitic February 2007), 18, 25, http://www. Incidents in U.S. Decline in 2006, 16 National Center for Education Statis­ 5 Ibid. nationalhomeless.org/getinvolved/ Despite Yeary Violent Marked Attacks,” b tic s and Bureau of Justice Statistics, 6 projects/hatecrimes/2006report_2.pdf, Ibid. (New York: Anti­Defamation League, “Indicators of School Crime and Safety: (accessed August 20, 2007). 7 Ibid. 2007), http://www.adl.org/PresRele/ 2006,” (Washington, DC: U.S. Depart­ ASUS_12/4993­12.htm, (accessed ments of Education and Justice, 8 Ibid. August 20, 2007). December, 2006), vi http://nces.ed.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE HOMICIDE

An estimated 16,692 persons were murdered nationwide in Where the victim­offender relationship wnas known i 2005, 2005, an increase of 3 percent from 2004.1 22 percent of victims were killed by family members and 25 percent were killed by strangers.11 In 2005, 10 percent of murder victims were under4 18; 3 percent were between the ages0 of 2 and 29; 20 percent Of female murder victims in 2005, 33 percent were killed by were between the ages0 of 3 and 39; 14 percent were their husbands or boyfriends. In contrast, 2 percente of th between 40 and 49; 9 percent were between 50 and 64; male victims were murdered by their wives or girlfriends.12 and 4 percent were over the age of 65.2 In 2005, homicidesn occurred i connection with another Teenagers (ages 13 to 19) accounted for 12 percent of felonys rape, (such a robbery, or arson)3 in 2 percent of murder victims in 2005.3 incidents.13

Twenty­six children were killed by their babysitter in 2005.4 Six percent of murder victims in 2005 were robbed prior to being killed. Of female murder victims, 1 percent were raped In 2005, 79 percent of murder victims were male and 21 prio r to being killed.14 percent female.5 In 2005, arguments constituted 27 percent of reported In single victim/single offender incidents in 2005, homicide circumstances surrounding murders. Fo r 38 percent of offenders were most often males (90 percent) and adults reported homicides, circumstances were unknown.15 (94 percent).6 During fiscal year 2005, 1,460 children died due to child In 2005, for murder victims whose race was known, abuse or neglect. More than three­quarters (77 percent) of 49 percent were white and 49 percent were black.7 these children were younger than four years of age.16

In 2005, homicide was generally intraracial: white offenders Law enforcementy arrest cleared or (bexceptional means) murdered 83 percent of white victims, and black offenders 62 percente of th murders that occurred nationwide.17 murdered 90 percent of black victims.8 In 2005, 55 law enforcement officers were killed in 53 In 2005, for homicides in which the type of weapon was separate incidents; these incidents occurred in 24 states specified, 73 percente of th offenses involved firearms.9 and in Puerto Rico.18 Thirty­sixe of th slain officers were Knives were used in 13 percent of murders, and personal employees of city police departments; 10 were part of county weapons (e.g., hands, fists, or feet) were used in law enforcement agencies; five were employed by state approximately 6 percent of murders.10 agencies; and two were employed by federal agencies. Two of the officers killed were employed in U.S. territories.19

1 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 5 Ibid., Table 1. 14 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 18 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime in the United States, 2005: “Crime in the United States, 2005: “Law Enforcement Officers Killed and 6 Ibid., Table 3, Table 4. Murder,” (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), Expanded Homicide Data,” Table 12. Assaulted in 2005: Law Enforcement http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/ 7 Ibid., Table 1. Officers Feloniously Killed,” 15 Ibid. offenses/violent_crime/murder_ 8 Ibid., Table 5. (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), 16 homicide.html, (accessed August 22, Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreat­ http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/killed/2005/ 9 Ibid., Table 7 2007). ment, 2005,” (Washington, DC: U.S. feloniouslykilled.htm, (accessed August 10 Department of Health and Human 2 Ibid. 20, 2007). Federal Bureau of Investigation, Services, 2006), 61, http://www.acf.hhs. 11 19 “Crime in the United States, 2005: Ex­ Ibid., Table 9. gov/programs/cb/pubs/cm05/cm05.pdf, Federal Bureau of Investigation, panded Homicide Data” (Washington, “Law Enforcement Officers Killed and 12 Ibid., Table 1, Table 9. (accessed August 20, 2007). DC: FBI, 2006), Table 2, http://www.fbi. Assaulted in 2005, Table 2,” (Washing­ 13 17 gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/expanded_ Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Federal Bureau of Investigation, ton, DC: FBI, 2006), http://www.fbi. information/murder_homicide.html, Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: “Crime in the United States, 2005: Table gov/ucr/killed/2005/table2.htm, (accessed August 22, 2007). Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2006), 2, 25,” (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), (accessed August 20, 2007). http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/data/ 3 Ibid. cv05.pdf, (accessed September 4, table_25.html, (accessed September 4, 4 Ibid., Table 12. 2007). 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE HUMAN TRAFFICKING

Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, includes several federal agencies, received approximately transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons for the purpose of $28.5 million of funding in Fiscal Year (FY) 2006 for domestic exploitation. It iys meansdone b of: the th reat for use o programs to increase anti­trafficking law enforcement efforts, force or other forms of coercion; abduction; fraud; deception; identify and protect victims of trafficking, and raise awareness the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability; or the of trafficking to help prevent new incidents.8 giving or receiving of payments or benefits to obtain the In FY 2006, the Department of Justice charged 111 individuals consent of a person having control over another person. with human trafficking and obtained 98 convictions. The At a minimum, exploitation includes sexual exploitation, Innocence Lost campaign continued to combat child forced labor or services, slavery or similar practices, exploitation through prostitution under the Federal Bureau servitude, or the removal of organs.1 of Investigation and the Department of Justice Criminal Due to the “hidden” nature of trafficking activities, gath­ Division in FY 2006, resulting in 76 indictments and 43 9 ering statisticse on th magnitude of the problem is a complex convictions. and difficult task. Given these complexities, the following sta­ As of March 2007, the Department of Health and Human tistics are the most accurate available, but may represent an Services (HHS) had certified 1,175 victims of human underestimation of trafficking on a global and national scale. trafficking since the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) w as signedn into law i October 2000. In FY 2006, HHS An estimated 800,000 men, women, and children are traf­ certified 234 foreign victims of human trafficking from an ficked across international borders each year. The majority of arra y of diverse countries. After certification, human transnational victims are trafficked into commercial sexual trafficking survivors may access most crime victim services exploitation. These numbers do not, however, include the and benefits, similar to assistance thatS. the U. provides to millions of victims around the world who are trafficked within refugees.10 thei r own national borders.2 In FY 2006, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Of the roughly 800,000 people trafficked across international issued 192 T­visas to foreign survivors of human trafficking borders each year, 80 percent are female and 50 percent are who were identified in the United States. T­visas are a special children.3 visa category created by the TVPA. Through FY 2006, DHS Human trafficking is the third most profitable criminal issuef d a total o 729 visas to human trafficking survivors and 11 activity, following only drug and arms trafficking. An another 645 T­visas to members of their families. estimated $9.5 billion is generated in annual revenue from U.S. Government Trafficking­Related Links all trafficking activities.4 Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 Each year, an estimated 14,500 to 17,500 foreign nationals www.state.gov/documents/organization/10492.pdf are trafficked into the United States.5 Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection and The United States is primarily a destination country.6 Reauthorization Act of 2005 The main regions from which trafficking victims originate are www.state.gov/documents/organization/61214.pdf reportede to be th Commonwealth of Independent States, 7 Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Office for Victims of Crime Trafficking Efforts www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/help/tip.htm United States Response to Trafficking In 2005, the U.S. federal government advanced an aggressive Office of Refugee Resettlement Trafficking Efforts anti­trafficking campaign to address trafficking crimes and www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/orr/index.html victims identifiede in th United States. This effort, which

1 United Nations, “Trafficking in Persons: 3 Ibid. Combat Trafficking in Persons in Fiscal 8 U.S. Department of State, “Trafficking Global Patterns,” (New York: United Yea r 2003,” (Washington, DC: U.S. in Persons Report: June 2007,” (Wash­ 4 U.S. Department of State, “Trafficking Nations, 2006), 50, http://www.unodc. in Persons Report: 2004,” (Washington, Department of Justice, 2004), 3, ington, DC: U.S. Department of State, org/pdf/traffickinginpersons_report_20 http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/ 2007), 49, http://www.state.gov/ DC: U.S. Department of State, 2004), 06ver2.pdf, (accessed August 20, 2007). http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/ releases/2004/07/ashcroft_report.pdf, documents/organization/82902.pdf, (accessed August 20, 2007). (accessed August 20, 2007). 2 U.S. Department of State, “Trafficking 2004/34021.htm, (accessed August 20, in Persons Report: June 12, 2007,” 2007). 6 United Nations, “Trafficking in Persons: 9 Ibid. (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Global Patterns,” 99. 5 U.S. Department of Justice, “Report to 10 Ibid. State, 2007), http://www.state.gov/ Congress from Attorney General John 7 Ibid., 102. g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/82799.htm, 11 Ibid. AshcroftS. on U. Government Efforts to (accessed August 20, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE IDENTITY THEFT AND FINANCIAL CRIME

In 2004, 3.6 million householdse in th United States The average time to resolve identity fraud cases increased (3 percent) discovered that one household member had been from 33 hours in 2003 to 40 hours in 2006.11 a victim of identity thefte during th previous 6 months.1 The average loss to Internet fraud victims wasn $1,512 i Victims most likely to experience identity theft were members 2006, compared to $1,917 in 2005.12 of households thtat least earned $75,000, a were headed by In 2003, fifteen percent of identity theft victims reported perso ns 18­24, and were in urban or suburban areas.2 that the perpetrator had used their information in non­ In 2004, 70 percent of identity theft victims reported that financial ways such ase using th victim’s name when caught the misuse of their identity had stopped by the time of the committing a crime, using the victim’s name to obtain interview, while 24 percent reported the problems persisted.3 government documents, eo r using th victim’s name to rent housing, obtain medical care or employment, or file a Urban or suburban households were more likely than rural fraudulent tax return.13 households to have a member experience identity theft (4 percent and 3 percent versus 2 percent, respectively).4 In 2006, online auction fraud constituted 34 percent of all Internet fraud complaints.14 For all victimized households experiencing an identity theft­related loss, the median loss was $400.5 In 2006, Internet fraud perpetrators used e­mail to initiate contact with victims in 100 percent of phishing scams, 100 In 2005, a lost or stolen wallet, checkbook, or credit card percent of Nigerian money9 offers, 9 percent of fake check w as the primary source of personal information thefte in th scams, 93 percent of prizes or sweepstakes, and 89 percent 30 percent of casese where th victim could identify the of lotteries or lottery clubs. They used Web sites4 in 9 source of data compromise.6 percent of fraudulent investments, 93 percent of auctions, Of identity theft casese where th perpetrator was identified, 91 percent of merchandise offers, 91 percent of advance almost half (47 percent) were perpetrated by someone fee loans, and 88 percent of Internet access services.15 know n to the victim—friends, neighbors, in­home employees, The average loss to telemarketing scam victims wasn $2,036 i or family members.7 2006, compared to $2,892 in 2005.16 In casese where th victim identified the source of data Fifty­four percent of telemarketing fraud payments were compromise, 90 percent were perpetrated through tradi­ made by wire transfer. Among the top telemarketing scams, tional, offline channels, and note via th Internet.8 100 percent of fake checks, 86 percent of advance fee loans, Forty­five percent of victims discovered the misuse of infor­ 80 percent of lotteries or lottery clubs, and 73 percent of mation less than one month after the first occurrence. prizes or sweepstakes were paid by wire transfer.17 Sixty­nine percent of victims discovered iet within th first Thirty­two percent of telemarketing fraud complaints were year, and 20 percent of identity theft victims did not discover made by victims ages 60 and older.18 the crime for two to four years.9 In 2006, phishing wasf one o the top 10 scams in both Of identity theft victims who made complaints to the Federal Internet and telemarketing fraud categories.19 Trade Commission in 2006, 62 percent did not notify a police department. Of the 38 percent of victims who filed a report with criminal authorities, 8 percent had their identity theft claim rejected by the police.10

1 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of (accessed August 22, 2007). javelinstrategy.com/products/99DEBA/ 15 Ibid., 2. Justice Statistics, “Identity Theft, 27/delivery.pdf, (accessed August 22, 7 Ibid. 16 National Fraud Information Center, 2004,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2006), 1, 2007). “2006 Top 10 Telemarketing Scam Trends http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ 8 Ibid 12 National Fraud Information Center, from NCL’s Fraud Center, January – it04.pdf, (accessed August 22, 2007). 9 Federal Trade Commission, “Identity “2006 Top 10 Internet Scam Trends from December 2006,” (Washington, DC: 2 Ibid. Theft Victim Complaint Data, January 1 – NCL’s Fraud Center, January – December National Consumers League, 2006), 1, December 31, 2006,” (Washington, DC: 2006,” (Washington, DC: National Con­ http://fraud.org/stats/2006/tele 3 Ibid., 4. Federal Trade Commission, 2007), 11, sumers League, 2006), 2, http://fraud. marketing.pdf, (accessed August 22, 4 Ibid., 1. http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/edu/ org/stats/2006/internet.pdf, (accessed 2007). 5 microsites/idtheft/downloads/clearing August 22, 2007). Ibid., 7. 17 Ibid., 2. house_2006.pdf, (accessed August 22, 6 13 Synovate, “Federal Trade Commission ­ Better Business Bureau and Javelin 2007). 18 Ibid. Strate gy & Research, “New Research Identity Theft Survey Report,” (Washing­ 10 19 Shows Identity Fraud Growth Is Ibid., 13. ton, DC: Federal Trade Commission, Ibid., 1; National Fraud Information Center, “Internet Scams: Fraud Trends Contained and Consumers Have More 11 Rubina Johannes, “2006 Identity 2003), 6, http:/www.ftc.gov/os/2003/ January­December 2005,” 2. Control Than They Think,” BBB Online, Fraud Survey Report: Consumer 09/synovatereport.pdf, (accessed January 31, 2006, http://www.bbb Version,” (Pleasanton, CA: Javelin August 22, 2007). online.org/IDTheft/safetyQuiz.asp, Strategy Research), 1, http://www. 14 Ibid., 1.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE INTERNET VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, approximatelyn 1 i 7 youth (13 percent) received In 2006, the total amount of money lost from all cases of unwanted sexual solicitations online.1 Internet fraud referred to law enforcement for investigation was $198 million, with a median dollar loss of $724 per In 2005, 4 percent of youth received aggressive sexual complaint. Thiss up figure i from $183 million with a median solicitationsn online, i which the solicitor asked to meet the dollar loss of $424 per complaint in 2005.8 youth in person, called the youth on the telephone, or sent the youth mail, money, or gifts.2 A pilot Computer Security SurveyS. of U. businesses found that nearly 75 percent of responding companies had Nine percent of youth Internet users had been exposed to detected at least one incident of cybercrime in 2001. Over distressing sexual material while online.3 half of the victimized businesses experienced multiple incidents of computer viruses, denial of service, and fraud.9 One in 11, or 9 percent, of youth Internet users reported being harassed online.4 In the same survey, 68 percente of th companies reported financial effects due to cybercrime resulting in $61 million In 2006, the CyberTipline operated by the National Center in losses and recovery costs. Estimated recovery costs for for Missing and Exploited Children received 62,480 reports of computer viruses were nearly $22 million. Costs from child pornography and 6,384 reports of online enticement computer fraud were an estimated $18 million, and denial of of children to sexual acts (compared to 2,664 reports of service caused losses of approximately $14 million.10 online enticement in 2005).5 The most common forms of cybercrime detected by companies Thirty­four percentS. of U. Internet users (47 million people) in 2001 were computer virus infections (64.1 percent), have reported computer infiltration by spyware—self­in­ denial of service attacks (25.3 percent), and vandalism or stalling software programs that invade a computer by piggy­ sabotage (18.7 percent). Hacking and spamming were other backing onto a file, program, or Web site downloaded from common breaches of computer security.11 the Internet and that allow access to the computer’s information by an unauthorized party. High­speed Internet In 2006, phishing (e­mails from a perpetrators posing a connections increase the risk of spyware because of their a reputable agent who requests confirmation of personal permanent, static Internet Protocol (IP) address: 44 percent information for fraudulent purposes) wasf one o the top of home broadband users reported having spyware on their 10 scams in Internet fraud.12 computers, compared to 30 percent of home dial­up users.6 In 2006, online auction fraud constituted 34 percent of all In 2006, the Internet Crime Complaint Center processed Internet fraud complaints.13 207,492 complaints regarding possible online criminal activity, a 10 percent decrease from 2005. Of these, 86,279 were referred to federal, state, and local law enforcement for further consideration.7

1 Janis Wolak, Kimberly Mitchel, and Exploited Children, “CyberTipline: 7 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “IC3 10 Ibid., 4. David Finkelhor, “Online Victimization Annual Report Totals,” http://www. 2006 Internet Crime Report: January 1, 11 Ibid., 3. of Youth: Five Years Later,” (Alexandria, missingkids.com/en_US/documents/ 200 6 – December 31, 2006,” (Washing­ 12 VA: National Center for Missing and CyberTiplineReportTotals.pdf, (accessed ton, DC: National White Collar Crime National Fraud Information Center, Exploited Children, 2006), 7, August 7, 2007). Centere and th FBI), 3, http://www.ic3. “2006 Top 10 Internet Scam Trends from NCL’s Fraud Center, January­December http://www.missingkids.com/en_US/ 6 gov/media/annualreport/2006_IC3 Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2006,” (Washington, DC: National Fraud publications/NC167.pdf, (accessed “Spyware: The Threat of Unwanted Report.pdf, (accessed August 9, 2007). August 7, 2007). Information Center, 2006), 1, http:// Software Programs Is Changing the Way 8 Ibid. fraud.org/stats/2006/internet.pdf, 2 Ibid., 8. People Use the Internet,” (Washington, 9 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Cyber­ (accessed August 7, 2007). DC: Pew Internet & American Life 3 Ibid., 9. crime Against Businesses,” (Washington, 13 Ibid. Project, 2005), 3, http://www.pewinter DC: GPO, 2004), 1, http://www.ojp. 4 Ibid., 10. net.org/pdfs/PIP_Spyware_Report_July usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cb.pdf, 5 _05.pdf, (accessed August 7, 2007). National Center for Missing and (accessed August 7, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE MENTAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF CRIME

Crime victims have a much higher lifetime incidence of and 17 percent attempt suicide.7 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than people who have no t been victimized (25 percent versus 9.4 percent).1 Inner­city homicide survivors experience elevated levels of clinical distress compared to the general population of Almost 27 percent of women and 12 percent of men who inner cities.8 were molested developed PTSD later in life.2 Intimate partner victimization against American women Women who experienced a homicide of a family member age s 18 and older results in more than 18.5 million mental o r close friend had higher levelsSD of PT than non­homicide healthcare visits each year.9 survivors; 22 percent experienced lifetime PTSD, and 8.9 percent currently had PTSD.3 Physical and mental health effects of stalking are not gender­related. Both male and female victims experience Of crime victims diagnosed with PTSD, 37 percent also impaired health, depression, and injury, and are more likely suffer from depression.4 to engage in substance abuse than their non­stalked peers.10

The most comprehensive comorbidity study to date showed About one­third (30 percent) of female stalking victims that lifetime prevalence of other psychological disorders and one­fifth (20 percent) of male stalking victims sought in male and female crime victimsSD with PT was 88.3 and psychological counseling as a result of their stalking 79 percent, respectively. The most common comorbid victimization.11 disorders were depression, substance abuse, and phobia.5 In 2005, 8 percent of medical expense payments made The estimated risk of developing PTSD is 49 percent for through victim compensation funds were for mental health survivors of rape, 32 percent for survivors of severe beating counseling for crime victims.12 or physical assault, 24 percent for survivors of other sexual assault, 15 percent for survivors of a shooting or stabbing, Roughly one­third of mental healthcare bills for rape, and 7 percent for those who witness a murder or an assault.6 physical assault, and stalking victims were paid for out­of­ pocket.13 Major depressive disorder affects an estimated one­third of all women who are raped, often for an extended period of time. One­third of women who are raped contemplate suicide

1 Dean G. Kilpatrick and Ron Acierno, 7 National Center for Post­Traumatic http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/pub­res/ 12 National Association of Crime Victim “Mental Health Needs of Crime Victims: Stress Disorder, “Sexual Assault against ipv_cost/IPVBook­Final­Feb18.pdf, Compensation Boards, “FY 2005: Epidemiology and Outcomes,” Journal of Females,” (Washington, DC: Department (accessed August 7, 2007). Compensation to Victims Continues to Traumatic Stress 16 (2003): 126. of Veteran Affairs, 2004), http://www. Increase,” (Alexandria, VA: NACVCB, 10 Keith E. Davis, Ann L. Coker, and ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts 2006), http://www.nacvcb.org, 2 Ibid. Maureen Sanderson, “Physical and Men­ /fs_female_sex_assault.html, (accessed tal Health Effects of Being Stalked for (accessed August 7, 2007). 3 Ibid. August 7, 2007). Men and Women,” Violence and Victims 13 Centers for Disease Control and 4 Ibid., 127. 8 M. Thompson et al., “Comparative 17 (2002): 429­43. Prevention, “Costs of Intimate Partner 5 Distress Levels of Inner­City Family Violence Against Women in the United Ibid., 129. 11 Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, Members of Homicide Victims,” Journal States,” 39. 6 Sidran Foundation, “Post­traumatic “Stalking in America: Findingse from th of Traumatic Stress 11 (1998): 223­42. Stress Disorder Fact Sheet,” (Towson, National Violence Against Women 9 MD: Sidran Foundation, 2004), 3­4, Centers for Disease Control and Preven­ Survey,” (Washington, DC: National http://www.tema.ca/lib/PTSD%20Fact% tion, “Costs of Intimate Partner Violence Institute of Justice, 1998), 2, http:// 20Sheet.pdf, (accessed August 7, 2007). Against Women in the United States,” www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/169592.pdf, (Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health (accessed August 7, 2007). and Human Services, 2003), 18,

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SCHOOL CRIME AND VICTIMIZATION

In 2004, students ages 12 to 18 were victims of 107,400 In 2005, 4 percent of students in grades nine through 12 serious violent crimes at school.1 had at least one drink of alcohol on school property, and 5 percent reported using marijuana on school property In the 2004 to 2005 school year, there weref a total o 48 during the previous 30 days.10 student, staff, and non­student school­associated violent deaths.2 In 2005, 25 percent of students in grades nine through 12 reported that drugs were made availablen to them o school Younger students (ages 12­14) were more likely than older property during the previous 12 months.11 students (ages 15­18)e to b victims of crime at school.3 In 2005, 19 percent of students in grades nine through 12 In 2005, 8 percent of students reported being threatened or had carried a weapon on one orf more o the 30 days preced­ injured with a weapon such as a gun, knife, orn club o school ing the survey, including about 5 percent of students who property in the preceding 12 months.4 had carried a gun.12 In the 2003­2004 school year, 13 percent of all public Nationwide, 36 percent of students in 2005 had been in schools experienced one or more serious violent crimes such a physical fightr more one o timese during th previous 12 a s rape, sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated assault.5 months, and about 4 percent of students had been in a fight High schools were more likely than elementary or middle that had resulted in injuries necessitating treatment by a schools to experience a violent incident during the 2003­ nurse or doctor.13 2004 school year.6 Nationwide, 8 percent of students had attempted suicide one In 2005, 28 percent of all school­age children reported being or more timese during th previous 12 months.14 bullied nat school, a increase over the 7 percent reported In 2005, 14 percent of students in grades nine through 12 in 2003. Also in 2005, 29 percent of rural and suburban had been in a physical fight on school property one or more students reported being bullied versus 26 percent of urban timees during th 12 months preceding the survey.15 students.7 In 2005, only 55 percent of high­school students felt safe Between 1998 and 2003, on average teachers were the at school.16 victims of approximately 183,400 total nonfatal crimes at school, including 118,800 thefts and 64,600 violent crimes African American students (41 percent) were far less likely (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and than white students (60 percent) to feel safe at school.17 simple assault) each year.8 Fewer than half (41 percent) of special education students In 2005, 24 percent of students ages 12 to 18 reported that agreed that they feel safe at school.18 street gangs were present at their schools. Students in urban From January 1990 to February 2002, the U.S. Bureau of schoolse were th most likely to report the presence of street Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) recorded gangs at their schools (36 percent), followed by suburban 1,055 incidents of bombs being placed on school premises. students (21 percent) and rural students (16 percent).9 Of these incidents, only 14 were accompanied by a warning to the school or other authorities.19

1 National Center for Education Statistics 7 Ibid., Table 11. 13 Ibid.,Table 8. 19 Graeme Newman, “Bomb Threats in and Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Indica­ Schools,” (Washington, DC: Office of 8 Ibid., Table 5. 14 Ibid.,Table 18. tors of School Crime and Safety: 2006,” Community Oriented Policing Services, 9 15 (Washington, DC: U.S. Departments of Ibid., Table 8. Ibid., Table 14. 2005), 3, http://www.cops.usdoj. Education and Justice, 2006), Table 2, 10 Ibid., Table 14, Table 15. 16 Indiana University, “High School gov/mime/open.pdf?Item=1433#search http://nces.ed.gov/programs/crime Survey of Student Engagement 2005: =%22Bomb%20Threats%20in%20Schools 11 Ibid., Table 9. indicators/tables.asp, (accessed What We Can Learn from High School %22, (accessed August 9, 2007). 12 August 8, 2007). Centers for Disease Control and Students,” (Bloomington, IN: Indiana Prevention, “Youth Risk Behavior 2 Ibid., Table 1. University, 2005), 10, http://ceep. Surveillance­United States, 2005,” indiana.edu/hssse/pdf/hssse_2005_ 3 Ibid., Table 2. (Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health report.pdf, (accessed August 9, 2007). 4 Ibid., Table 4. and Human Services, 2006), Table 6, 17 Ibid. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ 5 Ibid., Table 6. mmwrhtml/ss5505a1.htm, (accessed 18 Ibid. 6 Ibid. August 9, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SEXUAL VIOLENCE

In 2005, victims2 age 1 or older experienced 191,670 of the assault, having been assaulted by a partner or spouse, rapes/sexual assaults.1 having been orally assaulted, and having anogenital trauma.13 Ninety­two percent of rape or sexual assault victims in 2005 A review of sexual assault casesn in a emergency department were female.2 found that 12 percent of cases were identified as suspected drug­facilitated sexual assaults.14 Of female rape or sexual assault3 victims, 7 percent were assaulted by someone they knew, and 26 percent were Rape survivors who had the assistance of an advocate were assaulted by a stranger. Thirty­eight percent of women significantly more likely to have police reports taken and assaulted by a known offender were friends or acquaintances were less likelye to b treated negatively by police officers. of the rapist, and 28 percent were intimate partners.3 These women also reported that they experienced less distress after their contacte with th legal system.15 In 2005, 38.3 percent of all rapes and sexual assaults were reported to law enforcement.4 A study of North Carolina women found that women with disabilities were not significantly more likely than women People ages 16 to 19 had a higher rate of sexual victimization without disabilities to have experienced physical assault of any age group (3.2 sexual assaults per 1,000 people).5 alone within the past year. However, women with disabilities Divorced or separated people had a higherf rate o sexual were more than four times as likely to have experienced sex­ victimization than those who were married.6 ual assaulte in th past year as women without disabilities.16 Forty­one percent (38,794) of reported forcible rapes were Between 1996 and 2000, there was 1 statutory rape for cleared (usually by arrest) by law enforcement.7 every 3 forcible rapes involving a juvenile victim reported to law enforcement. Three of every 10 statutory rape offenders In 2005, more than6 a third (3 percent) of all sexual assaults were boyfriends or girlfriends, and0 6 in 1 were acquaintances.17 occurred at or in a victim’s home.8 Between 1992 and 2000, all rapes, 39 percent of attempted Victim compensation programs paid $16.8 million for forensic rapes, and 17 percent of sexual assaults against females sexual assault exams in 2005, an almost 50 percent increase resulted in injuries. Most victims did not receive treatment from 2003.9 for their injuries.18 Correctional authorities substantiated nearly 885 incidents of During 2005, military criminal investigators received 2,374 sexual violence against inmates.10 allegations of sexual assault involving members of the armed Within three years of their release from prison in 1994, 5.3 forces worldwide. Of these reports, 2,047 were “unrestricted,” percentx offenders of se were rearrested forx crime. a se 11 thus initiating an investigation process and opening access to support services, and 435 were “restricted,” allowing A study of sexual assault of adult males found that more than access to care without a formal investigation. (The restricted 10 percent of male victims had cognitive disabilities.12 reporting method was implemented in June 2005.)19 Characteristics associated with a positive legal outcome in sexual assault cases include being examined within 24 hours

1 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cvus05.pdf, 12 Lana Stermac et al., “Stranger and 16 Martin et al., “Physical and Sexual Victimization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: (accessed August 6, 2007). Acquaintance Sexual Assault of Adult Assault of Women with Disabilities,” Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2005), 3, Males,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence Against Women 12 (2006): 823. 9 National Association of Crime Victim http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ Violence 19, no. 8 (2004): 907. Compensation Boards, “FY 2005: 17 Karyl Troup­Leasure and Howard N. cv05.pdf, (accessed August 6, 2007). Compensation to Victims Continues to 13 Jennifer Wiley et al., “Legal Outcomes Snyder, “Statutory Rape Known to Law 2 Ibid., 9. Increase,” (Alexandria, VA: NACVCB, of Sexual Assault,” American Journal of Enforcement,” 1, http://www.ncjrs.gov/ 2006), http://www.nacvcb.org, Obstetric Gynecology 188, no. 6 (2003): pdffiles1/ojjdp/208803.pdf, (accessed 3 Ibid., 3. (accessed August 6, 2007). 1638. August 6, 2007). 4 Ibid., 10. 10 Allen Beck, “Sexual Violence Reported 14 Margaret J. McGregor et al., “An 18 Callie Rennison, “Rape and Sexual 5 Ibid., 7. by Correctional Authorities, 2005,” Exploratory Analysis of Suspected Assault: Reporting to Police and Medical 6 Ibid., 8. (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Drug­Facilitated Sexual Assault Seen Attention,” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Statistics, 2006), 1, http://www.ojp. in a Hospital Emergency Department,” Justice Statistics), 1, http://www.ojp. 7 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/svrca05.pdf, Women and Health 37, no. 3 (2003): 75. usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/rsarp00.htm, in the United States 2005, Clearances,” (accessed August 6, 2007). 15 (accessed August 6, 2007). (Washington, DC: FBI, 2006), http:// Rebecca Campbell, “Rape Survivors’ 11 19 www.fbi.gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/ Patrick A. Langan et al., “Recidivism Experiencese with th Legal and Medical Department of Defense, “DoD Release clearances/index.html, (accessed August of Sex Offenders Released from Prison Systems: Do Rape Victim Advocates Make Sexual Assault Report for 2005,” 6, 2007). in 1994,” (Washington, DC: National a Difference?” Violence Against Women (Arlington, VA: Department of Defense), Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of 12 (2006): 30. http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/ 8 Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Criminal Justice, 2003), 1, http://www.ojp. release.aspx?releaseid=9370, (accessed Victimization in the United States, 2005 usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/rsorp94.pdf, August 8, 2007). Statistical Tables,” (Washington, DC: (accessed August 6, 2007). GPO, 2006), Table 61, http://www.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE STALKING

More than one million women and almost 400,000 men are More than 50 percent of stalkers have had a previous stalked annuallye in th United States.1 relationship with the victim (commonly referred to as intimate partner stalking).12 Eight percent of women and 2 percent of men in the United States have been stalked in their lifetime.2 Intimate partner stalkers use more insults, interfering, threats, and violence, including with weapons, than other Although stalking is a gender­neutral crime, most victims types of stalkers.13 (78 percent) are female and most perpetrators (87 percent) are male.3 Stalking isf one o the significant risk factors for femicide (homicide of women) in abusive relationships.14 Twenty­eight percent of female stalking victims0 and 1 percent of male victims obtained a protective order. An analysis3 of 1 published studies of 1,155 stalking cases Sixty­nine percent of female victims1 and 8 percent of found that the average overall rate of violence experienced male victimse had th protection order violated.4 by the victims was 39 percent.15

Eighty­one percent of women who were stalked by a current The same analysis found that a history of substance abuse is or former husband or cohabiting partner were also physically one of the strongest predictors of increased rates of violence assaulted, and 31 percent were also sexually assaulted by in stalking crimes.16 that partner.5 The prevalence of anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction, and The average duration of stalking is 1.3 years.6 severe depression is much higher among stalking victims than the general population.17 Two­thirds of stalkers pursue their victims at least once per week.7 One study found that seriousn violence i stalking was significantly associated with former sexual intimacy, Seventy­eight percent of stalkers use more than one means previously appearing at the victim’se home, th absence of of contacting the victim.8 a criminal record, and a shorter duration of stalking.18

Weapons are usedr threaten to harm o stalking victims in A survey of university undergraduates revealed that 20 1 of 5 cases.9 percent had been stalked or harassed b y a former dating partner; 8 percent had initiated stalking or harassment; One­seventh of stalkers are psychotic at the time of and 1 percent had been both the targete and th initiator.19 stalking.10 A recent study identified threats, partner jealousy, and One­third of stalkers are repeat stalkers.11 former partner drug abuse as factors that were predictive of stalking violence.20

1 Patricia Tjaden and Nancy Thoennes, 6 Kris Mohandie et al., “The RECON 14 Jacquelyn C. Campbell et al., “Risk 18 David James and Frank Farnham, “Stalking in America: Findingse from th Typology of Stalking: Reliability and Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relation­ “Stalking and Serious Violence,” Journal National Violence Against Women Validity Based upon a Large Sample of ships: Results from a Multi­site Case of the American Academy of Psychiatry Survey,” (Washington, DC: National North American Stalkers,” Journal of Control Study,” American Journal of and the Law 31 (2003): 432­39, Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Forensic Sciences 51 (2006): 152. Public Health 93 (2003): 7. http://www.jaapl.org/cgi/reprint/31/4/ Justice, 1998), 2, http://www.ncjrs. 432 (accessed August 8, 2007). 7 Ibid. 15 Barry Rosenfeld, “Violence Risk gov/pdffiles/169592.pdf, (accessed Factors in Stalking and Obsessional 19 Jeffrey J. Haugaard and Lisa G. Seri, August 8, 2007). 8 Ibid., 150. Harassment,” Criminal Justice and “Stalking and Other Forms of Intrusive 9 2 Ibid. Ibid. Behavior 31 (2004): 1. Contact after the Dissolution of Adoles­ 10 centr RomanticDating oRelationships,” 3 Ibid. Ibid., 149. 16 Ibid. Violence and Victims 18 (2004): 3. 11 4 Ibid. Ibid., 152. 17 Eric Blaauw et al., “The Toll of 20 Karl A. Roberts, “Women’s Experience 12 Stalking,” Journal of Interpersonal 5 Ibid., 8. Ibid. of Violence During Stalking by Former Violence 17 (2002): 50­63. 13 Ibid., 153. Romantic Partners,” Violence Against Women 11 (2005): 89­114.

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CRIME VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, 120 people were murdered in a brawl due to the A recent study found that girls who have been sexually or influence of alcohol, and 97 people were murdered in a brawl physically abused are twice as likely to use drugs (30 percent due to the influence of narcotics.1 versus 13 percent), smoke (26 percent versus 10 percent), or drink (22 percent versus 12 percent) than girls who have Two­thirds of homicide and attempted­homicide offenders no t been abused.9 used alcohol, drugs, or both during the incident compared to fewer than one­fourth of the homicide or attempted­ In 2003, nearly nine million youths reported engaging in homicide victims.2 at least one delinquent behaviore during th past year. The percentage of youths who engaged in delinquent behavior Victims of rape are 13 times more likely to develop two or increased significantly with the level of reported alcohol use.10 more alcohol­related problems6 and 2 times more likely to have two or more serious drug abuse­related problems Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring sites found that between than non­crime victims.3 one­fourth and one­half of adult male arresteest risk were a for dependence on drugs.11 Aboutn 1 i 5 victims of violence who perceived the offender to have been using alcohol at the time of the offense In 2002, more than two­thirds of jail inmates who committed (approximately 400,000 victims per year) suffered a financial violent or public­order offenses met the criteria for substance loss attributable to medical expenses, broken or stolen prop­ dependence or abuse.12 erty, or lost wages—totaling an annual loss of $400 million.4 Nearly7 half (4 percent) of all jail inmates convicted of In 2006, 8 percent of eighth­graders, 17 percent0 of 1 th­ violent offenses were under the influence of alcohol or other graders, and 22 percent2 of 1 th­graders reported illicit drug drugs a t the time of the offense.13 use in the past 30 days.5 In 2002, 42 percent of homicide offenders, 40 percent of According to the results of a 2005 national survey of students assault offenders, 38 percent of robbery offenders, and 37 in grades nine through 12, 8 percent of students had used a percent of sexual assault offenders were under the influence form of cocaine one or more times during their lifetime, and of alcohol at the time of the offense.14 3 percent of students had usedf a form o cocaine one or more In 2002, 22 percent of inmates convicted of violent offenses timees in th 30 days preceding the survey.6 were under the influence of drugs at the time of the The same study found that 2 percent of students had used offense—40 percent of robbery offenders, 20 percent of heroin, 6 percent had used methamphetamines, and 6 per­ homicide offenders, 18 percent of assault offenders, and cent had used ecstasy one or more times in their lifetime.7 14 percent of sexual assault offenders.15 Nationwide, 12 percent of students had sniffed glue, Between 1992 and 2001, 62 percent of American Indian breathed the contents of aerosol sprayr inhaled cans, o victi ms of non­domestic violent crime reported the offender paints or sprays to get high one or more times during was under the influence of alcohol. Among victims of their lifetime.8 domestic violence, about 60 percent also reported that the perpetrator wtas the drinking a time of the incident.16

1 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime Crime,” Alcohol Research & Health 25 9 National Center on Addiction and 12 Jennifer Karberg and Doris J. James, in the United States, 2005, Expanded (2001): 1. Substance Abuse at Columbia University, “Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Homicide Data Table 12,” (Washington, “The Formative Years: Pathways to Treatment of Jail Inmates, 2002,” 5 Federal Interagency Forum on Child DC: FBI, 2006), http://www.fbi. and Family Statistics, “America’s Substance Abuse among Girls and Young (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice gov/ucr/05cius/offenses/expanded_ Women Ages 8­22,” (New York: Statistics, 2005), 1, http://www.ojp. Children: Key National Indicators of information/data/shrtable_12.html, Well­Being 2007,” (Washington, DC: Columbia, 2003). usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/sdatji02.pdf, (accessed August 9, 2007). (accessed August 9, 2007). Federal Interagency Forum on Child 10 Office of Applied Studies, “Alcohol 2 Phyllis Sharps et al., “Risky Mix: Drink­ and Family Statistics, 2007), http://www. Use and Delinquent Behaviors among 13 Ibid. ing, Drug Use, and Homicide,” (Washing­ childstats.gov/americaschildren/beh. Youths,” (Rockville, MD: Substance 14 Ibid., 6. ton, DC: National Institute of Justice, asp, (accessed August 9, 2007). Abuse and Mental Health Services 2003), 10, http://www.ncjrs.gov/ Administration,, 2005), 1 15 Ibid. 6 Centers for Disease Control and pdffiles1/jr000250d.pdf, (accessed http://wch.uhs.wisc.edu/13­Eval/ 16 Prevention, “Youth Risk Behavior Steven Perry, “American Indians August 9, 2007). Surveillance­United States, 2005,” Tools/PDF­Documents/Delinquent% and Crime,” (Washington, DC: U.S. 20behavior%20and%20Alcohol.pdf, 3 Dean G. Kilpatrick and Roy Acierno, (Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice (accessed August 9, 2007). “Mental Health Needs of Crime Victims: and Human Services, 2006), Table 32, Statistics, 2004), 35, http://www.ojp. Epidemiology and Outcomes,” Journal http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mm 11 National Institute of Justice, “Annual usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/aic02.pdf, of Traumatic Stress 16 (2003): 128. wrhtml/ss5505a1.htm, (accessed August Report 2000 Arrestee Drug Abuse Moni­ (accessed August 9, 2007). 9, 2007). toring,” (Washington, DC: GPO, 2003), 4 Lawrence A. Greenfeld and Maureen 2, http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ A. Henneberg, “Victim and Offender 7 Ibid., Table 36. nij/193013.pdf, (accessed August 9, Self­Reports of Alcohol Involvement in 8 Ibid., Table 34. 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE TEEN VICTIMIZATION

In 2005, teenagers experienced 1.5 million violent crimes; Among oldere teens, th percentage of violent crime involving th is included 176,020 robberies and 73,470 sexual assaults an intimate partner was 10 times higher for females than and rapes.1 mal es (9 percent versus 0.6 percent). For youngere teens, th percentage of females was not statistically different from In 2005, teens ages 12 to 19 and young adults ages 20 to 24 that of males.9 had the highest violent victimization rates.2 Approximatelyn 1 i 7 youth (13 percent) received unwanted Teenagers (ages 13­19) accounted for 12 percent of murder sexual solicitations online.10 victims in 2005.3 Four percent of youth received aggressive solicitations Teenage victims of violent crime have the lowest rate of online: the solicitor asked to meet the youth in person, reporting to the police of any age group (36 percent).4 called the youth on the telephone, or sent the youth mail, money, or gifts.11 Older teens (15­17) were about 3 times more likely than younger teens (12­14)e to b victims of violent crimes Nine percent of youth Internet users have been exposed to involving firearms.5 distressing sexual material while online.12

Among youth agesr younger, 17 o black youth were 5 times One in 11, or 9 percent, of youth Internet users said they as likely as white youth to be victims of homicide.6 have been harassed online.13

Aboutn 3 i 10 violent victimizations against youth ages 12 Almost 40 percent of American adolescents have witnessed to 17 resulted in an injury. For both younger and older teens, violence. Furthermore, 17 percent have been victims of nearly 25 percent of victimizations resulted in minor injuries, physical assault; 9 percent have been victims of physically such as bruises and cuts. Older teens were more likely than abusive punishment; and 8 percent have been victims of younger teens to experience serious injuries, such as gunshot sexual assault.14 or knife wounds, loss of consciousness, or undetermined injuries requiring two or more nights in the hospital. Older Three in 4 American adolescents who have been sexually teen s were also more likely than younger teens to have assaulted were victimized by someone they knew well. rape injuries.7 Thirteen percent of sexual assaults were reported to police, 6 percent to child protective services, 5 percent to school School was the most common place for violent victimizations authorities, and 1.3 percent to other authorities. Eighty­six against teens to occur. A higher percentage of violent crimes percent of sexual assaults against adolescents went against younger teens than against older teens occurred at unreported.15 or in school (53 percent versus 32 percent). Older teens (17 percent) were somewhat more likely than younger teens (15 percent) to be victimized at home.8

1 Cathy Maston and Patsy Klaus, DC: FBI, 2006), http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ 6 Ibid. 12 Ibid., 9. “Criminal Victimization in the United 05cius/offenses/expanded_information/ 7 Ibid. 13 Ibid, 10. States, 2005: Statistical Tables,” data/shrtable_02.html, (accessed 8 14 (Washington, DC: GPO), Table 3, August 10, 2007). Ibid. National Institute of Justice, “Youth http://www.ojp.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cvus0 9 Victimization: Prevalence and Implica­ 4 Cathy Maston and Patsy Klaus, “Crimi­ Ibid. 5.pdf, (accessed August 10, 2007). tions,” (Washington, DC: National nal Victimization in the United States, 10 Janis Wolak, Kimberly Mitchel, and Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of 2 Shannan M. Catalano, “Criminal Victim­ 2005: Statistical Tables,” Table 96. David Finkelhor, “Online Victimization of Justice, 2003), 4, http://www.ncjrs. ization, 2005,” (Washington, DC: Bureau 5 Katrina Baum, “Juvenile Victimization Youth: Five Years Later,” (Alexandria, org/pdffiles1/nij/194972.pdf, (accessed of Justice Statistics, 2006), 7, http:// and Offending, 1993­2003,” (Washing­ VA: National Center for Missing and August 10, 2007). www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cv05. ton, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Exploited Children), 7, http://www. pdf, (accessed August 10, 2007). 15 Ibid., 5, 6. 2005), http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ missingkids.com/en_US/publications/ 3 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Crime bjs/pub/ascii/jvo03.txt, (accessed NC167.pdf, (accessed August 10, 2007). in the United States, 2005: Expanded August 10, 2007). 11 Ibid., 8. Homicide Data Table 2,” (Washington,

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE TERRORISM

U.S. law defines terrorism as “premeditated, politically Twenty­four people are wanted byI in the FB connection motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets with international terrorist incidents affecting U.S. citizens by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually to or property.8 influence an audience.”1 Four eco­terrorists, one animal rights activist, one white In 2006, 14,352 terrorist attacks occurred, resulting in supremacist, one communist, and four extremists are wanted 20,573 deaths, 38,214 injuries, and 14,854 abductions.2 byI for th domestice FB terrorism.9

Almost 45 percent (approximately 6,600)e of th worldwide Major Terrorist Attacks against the United States attacks occurred in Iraq, accounting for 65 percente of th 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing; Beirut, Lebanon; fatalities (approximately 13,000). More than 19,000 attacks 63 dead.10 were against facilities.3 1983 U.S. Marine Barracks bombing; Beirut, Lebanon; 241 dead.11 In 2005, 56 American citizens abroad were killed in acts 1985 Achille Lauro hijacking; Mediterranean Sea; of terrorism, less than 1 percent (0.4 percent) of the 1 dead.12 worldwide total.4 1988 Pan Am 103 bombing; Lockerbie, Scotland; The leading cause of death in terrorist attacks was armed 270 dead.13 attack (responsible for 49 percent of deaths) followed by 1993 World Trade Center bombing; New York, bombing (responsible for 37 percent).5 Ne w York; 6 dead, thousands injured.14 1995 Oklahoma City bombing; Oklahoma City, There were five acts of terrorism in the United States in Oklahoma; 168 dead, 642 injured.15 2006. Three were arson or other incendiary attacks resulting 1996 Khobar Towers bombing; Khobar, in no injuries or fatalities, and two were “lone­wolf” terror­ Saudi Arabia; 19 dead, 515 injured.16 ists, one of whom injured nine civilians in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Three of the five attacks went unclaimed; one was 1996 Centennial Olympic Park bombing; Atlanta, perpetrated by a secular political/anarchist and one by an Georgia; 2 dead, 112 injured.17 6 environmental/anti­globalization agent. 1998 U.S. Embassy bombings; Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar e s Salaam, Tanzania; 224 dead, There are 42 foreign terrorist organizations officially 4,500 injured.18 designated asy the such b Secretary of State, and another 2000 The U.S.S. Cole bombing; Port of Aden, 39 recognized terrorist organizations throughout the world, Yemen; 17 dead, 39 injured.19 centered on religious, ethnic, environmental, racial, and political ideologies.7 2001 September 11 attacks; 2,973 dead, thousands injured.20

1 U.S.C. Title 22 Section 2656f(d). 7 National Counterterrorism Center, 12 BBC, “On This Day, October 7, 1985,” http://www.usinfo.state.gov/is/ “Counterterrorism 2007 Calendar, http://www.news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/ international_security/terrorism/ 2 National Counterterrorism Center, (Washington, DC: NCTC, 2007), 118­20, hi/dates/stories/october/7/newsid_251 embassy_bombings.html, (accessed “Reports on Incidents of Terrorism 2006,” (Washington, DC: NCTC, 2007), http://www.nctc.gov/docs/ct_ 8000/2518697.stm, (accessed August 9, August 9, 2007). calendar_2007.pdf, (accessed August 9, 2007). 17, http://wits.nctc.gov/reports/ 19 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2007). crot2006nctcannexfinal.pdf, (accessed 13 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Ter­ “Terrorism 2000/2001,” (Washington, August 9, 2007). 8 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Most rorism in the United States, 1999,” 20. DC: FBI, 2002), 8, http://www.fbi.gov/ Wanted Terrorists,” http://www.fbi.gov/ publications/terror/terror2000_2001. 3 Ibid., 9. 14 Ibid., 21. wanted/terrorists/fugitives/htm, pdf, (accessed August 9, 2007). 4National Counterterrorism Center, 15 Ibid. (accessed August 9, 2007). 20 “World Incidents Tracking System,” The 9/11 Commission, “The 9/11 9 16 Bureau of Public Affairs, “Significant http://wits.nctc.gov, (accessed August Ibid. Commission Report,” (Washington, DC: Terrorist Incidents, 1961­2001: A National Commission on Terrorist 10, 2007). 10 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Chronology,” (Washington, DC: Bureau Attacks Upon the United States, 9­11 5 “Terrorism in the United States, 1999,” National Counterterrorism Center, of Public Affairs, 2001), http://usinfo. Commission, 2004), 311, http://www. “Reports on Incidents of Terrorism (Washington, DC: FBI, 2000), 17, state.gov/ei/Archive/2003/Dec/31 http://www.fbi.gov/publications/ gpoaccess.gov/911/pdf/fullreport.pdf, 2006,” 19. 839044.html, (accessed August 9, 2007). (accessed August 9, 2007). terror/terror99.pdf, (accessed August 9, 6 17 National Counterterrorism Center, 2007). Federal Bureau of Investigation, “Ter­ “World Incidents Tracking System.” rorism in the United States, 1999,” 22. 11 Ibid., 18. 18 U.S. State Department, “U.S. Embassy Bombings,” (Washington, DC: USDOS),

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE WORKPLACE VIOLENCE

For each year between 1993 and 1999, an average of 1.7 Women are victims0 of 8 percent of rapes or sexual assaults million people were victims of violent crime while working or in the workplace.9 on duty. An estimated 75 percent of these incidents were simple assaults, while an additional 19 percent were Twelve percent of workplace violence victims sustain injuries. aggravated assaults.1 More than half of these victims are notr do treated o not receive medical care.10 An average of 1.3 million simple assaults, 325,000 aggravated assaults, 70,100 robberies, 36,500 rapes and sexual assaults, Of the occupations measured, police officers are at the and 900 homicides occur in the United States each year.2 greatest risk of being victims of workplace violence. Other occupations at risk are private security workers, correctional In 2006, 516 workplace homicidesn occurred i the United officers, bartenders, and taxicab drivers.11 States, accounting for 9 percent of all workplace fatalities that year.3 Of the 6,316 homicides thatn occurred i the workplace between 1993 and 1999, 56 percent b y a stranger; 39 per­ Of the 516 workplace homicides in 2006, 417 involved cent b y an acquaintance; 1 percent by an intimate partner; a firearm.4 and 0.5 percent b y a relative.12

Homicide is the forth­leading cause of fatal occupational Homicide accounts for 40 percent of all workplace deaths injury.5 among female workers.13

Nearly 80 percent of workplace homicides are committed by Female workers are also at risk for nonfatal violence. Women criminals otherwise unconnected to the workplace.6 were the victims in nearly two­thirdse of th injuries resulting from workplace assaults. Most of these assaults (70 percent) Three percent of all murders committed in the workplace were directed at women employed in service occupations, were committed by the victim’s intimate partner (husband, such as health care, while an additional 20 percent of these wife, or boyfriend).7 incidents occurred in retail locations, such as restaurants and grocery stores.14 Men are the majority of victims of workplace violence for all crimes exceptr sexual rape o assault.8

1 Detis Duhart, “Violence in the 4 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Table 1: 6 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 12 Ibid., 8. Workplace, 1993­99,” (Washington, DC: Fatal Occupational Injuries by Event or “Workplace Violence: Issues in 13 National Institute for Occupational Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Exposure, 2001­2006,” (Washington, Response,” (Washington, DC: FBI, Safety and Health, “Women’s Safety and Department of Justice, 2001), 1, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of 2003), 13, http://www.fbi.gov/ Health Issues at Work,” (Washington, http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/ Labor Statistics, 2007), http://www. publications/violence.pdf, (accessed DC: NIOSH, 2006), http://www.cdc.gov/ vw99.pdf, (accessed August 10, 2007). bls.gov/news.releases/pdf/cfoi.pdf, August 10. 2007). niosh/topics/women, (accessed August (accessed August 10, 2007). 2 Ibid. 7 Ibid., 42. 10, 2007). 5 Occupational Safety and Health 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Four Most 8 Detis Duhart, “Violence in the 14 Ibid. Administration, “Safety and Health Frequent Work­Related Fatal Events, Workplace, 1993­99,” 3. 1992­2006,“ (Washington, DC: U.S. Topics: Workplace Violence,” (Washing­ ton, DC: U.S. Department of Labor, 9 Ibid. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2007), http://www.bls.gov/ 2007), http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ 10 Ibid., 6. workplaceviolence/index.html, iif/ashwc/cfoi/cfch0005.pdf, (accessed 11 (accessed August 10, 2007). Ibid., 5. November 15, 2007).

2 0 0 8 NCVRW RESOURCE GUIDE RESOURCE GUIDE EVALUATION

The Office for Victims of Crime and the National Center for Victims of Crime invite comments and suggestions for improving the National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide. Please take a few moments to complete the following brief survey. Your feedback will be very helpful in developing future resources.

1. Did you use any of the materials provided in this year’s Resource Guide? (Please circle.) [ Yes or No ] 2. If you answered “NO” to question #1, please briefly explain why. APRIL 13-19 ■ 2008 NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMS’ RIGHTS WEEK

3. Did you use any materials from the following sections/items? (Please circle.) • Maximizing Communication and Awareness [ Yes or No ] • Camera­Ready Artwork [ Yes or No ] • Working with the Media [ Yes or No ] • Landmarks in Victims’ Rights and Services [ Yes or No ] • Statistical Overviews and Resources [ Yes or No ] • CD­ROM [ Yes or No ] • Theme DVD [ Yes or No ]

4. Which of the following resources included in the 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide did you find particularly useful? (Check all that apply.) ❑ Large, color NCVRW theme poster ❑ Black­and­white public awareness posters (on Sexual Assault, Child Abuse, and Campus Crime) ❑ Black­and­white NCVRW theme poster Spanish posters ❑ Sample speech ❑ Crime Clock ❑ Sample news release ❑ CD­ROM ❑ Sample public service announcements ❑ Theme DVD ❑ Op­Ed column ❑ Other (Please specify) ______❑ Camera­ready art (logos, buttons, ribbon cards, etc.) ❑

5. Please briefly describe any NCVRW activities (e.g., open houses, candlelight ceremonies, media interviews) in which you used materials, ideas, or suggestions from the 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide.

6. If you have any other plans to use the Resource Guide during 2008 (beyond National Crime Victims’ Rights Week), please briefly describe your plans below (e.g., using statistics in presentations and community education events, as resources for victims or allied professionals, for ongoing media outreach).

continued on back RESOURCE GUIDE EVALUATION (cont.)

7. On a scale of 1 to 10—with 10 being most useful—please rate the overall usefulness of the 2008 NCVRW Resource Guide. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

8. Please circle a response for each of the following questions: • Did you use the online version of the Resource Guide on OVC’s Web site? [ Yes or No ] • If so, did you find it easy to move through the pages? [ Yes or No ] • Did each page load quickly? [ Yes or No ]

9. Every year, the NCVRW Resource Guide offers new black­and­white camera­ready posters that can be localized and used throughout the year. Please check topic areas on which you would like future posters to focus. (Check all that apply.) ❑ Generic crime victim (suitable for all victims) ❑ Homicide ❑ Child abuse ❑ Identity theft ❑ Crime victims with disabilities ❑ Sexual assault ❑ Domestic violence ❑ Stalking ❑ Elder abuse ❑ Human trafficking ❑ Hate crime ❑ Other (please specify)______

10. What additional resources or materials would you find helpful in the NCVRW Resource Guide?

11. Check the option below that best describes your current victim assistance setting. ❑ U.S. or District Attorney’s Office ❑ Hospital/medical center ❑ Law enforcement ❑ Academic setting ❑ Domestic violence shelter ❑ Corrections ❑ Rape crisis center ❑ Federal agency ❑ Survivor group ❑ Other (please specify)______❑ Victims’ coalition

Please return to:

Communications Department National Center for Victims of Crime 2000 M Street, NW, Suite 480 • Washington, DC 20036 Fax: 202­467­8701

Thank you for evaluating OVC’s 2008 National Crime Victims’ Rights Week Resource Guide