DiGiorgio Fears Elections ·At Its Biggest Ranch ARVlN, CALIFORNIA --- During the The Movement attended a workers meet­ 20C first week of July, workers at DiGiorgio's ing on Sunday, the 24th, and saw there Arvin ranch, southeast of Bakersfield, the reason that the Teamsters and Com­ AUGUST authorized Cesar Chavez of the NFWA pany ran scared. About 250 to 300 of the to send a telegram to Robert DiGiorgio approximately one thousand workers at 1966 THI demanding immediate elections there. On the ranch attended the meeting. Many July 19th, Tuesday, the Teamsters and Anglos and Negroes attended the meeting. VOL. 2 DiGiorgio agreed to such an election. A large number joined the NFWA after The folloWing day, after the Teamsters the meeting (many already belonged). The NO.7 had apparently checked with their Arvin fact is that Anglos and Negroes will ~204 ·"'MOVEMENT:~ organizer, who sacks out in an expen­ join a Mexican-American union. Some of P"bhshedby sive motel in Bakersfield thirty miles the most militant supporters of the NFWA ~ The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee of California away, both DiGiorgio and the Teamsters are the so-called "Oakie" tractor driv­ backed down. ers. About half of the NFWA membership at Arvin showed up at the meeting. Many of the NFWA workers did not attend the meeting; they lived in Bakersfield and did not want to come out to the ranch ANIGHT WITH THE WATTS on Sunday. DiGiorgio tried to undercut this meet­ ing by inviting a Teamster organizer to speak at the ranch at the same time. Free beer was offered. Only the NFWIi. COMMUNITY ALERT PATROL spy appeared to hear the Company's By Terence Cannon union man. Another tactic. that the Company Union SOUTH CENTRAL LOS ANGELES: "Yorty has used to undercut NFWA strength at and Chief Parker are playing political Arvin is the importation of 'Teamster games with people," said Tommy Jac­ Farm Workers' from other DiGiorgio quette at the Comm1mity Alert Patrol ranches. At DiGiorgio's Sierra Vis t a (CAP) headquarters. "Their idea is to Ranch in Delano, where elections are to keep people separated, divide and conquer. take place on August 30, the Company The power structure has split the races." has layed off 180 workers. The general When I first met Brother Lennie, Field support that the NFWA has at the ranch Supervisor of the CAP, he carefullyex­ is demonstrated every day. On some plained why white people are not allowed days, foremen will hand out Teamster to ride in the CAP cars on patrol. "We authorization cards and then find them are not prejudiced or racist," he said. scattered all over the parking lot. "lf people in the community saw a white It appears now that the elections will on the patrol they would say we had sold take place early in September when the out, that's all. People have seen the white Emperor grapes must be picked, Since man pushing the black, pushing the black. DiGiorgio stalled. on the election this People in Watts want to see the black month, the workers who were picking the man doing something for himself." Thompson grapes are beginning to move •'We can say - look Baby, this is your out to other ranches: This does not mean patrol. You don't see us getting anything that these workers won't be able to vo::e, from anyone white." at least according to the Houghton guide­ That mad e sen s e. I and G e r h a r d lines. But the NFWA will have to keep G s c h e i die, MOVEMENT photographer, track of those workers who leave and drove in our own car along with the have signed no authorization slips, NFWA --~-.- atrol on the evening of July 1 We met at authorization slips count as yes votes the~;.~ -headquarters, 8501 Soath San for the NFWA even if the worker does Pedro at 7 PM. Brother Lennie gave out MIDNIGHT: THE PATROL stops at a hamburger stand, Brother Lennie is in the not vote. the route instructions to the drivers. straw hat, Brother Crook at far right. The beat of the Patrol exte11ds way (see ."Behind the August 30 Di Giorgio beyond Watts. That night there were two in the South--the same esprit, the It is claimed that there is a policy by . Election," poge 6) locations for the group Wf~ went with -­ sam e u r g e n c y, direct confrontation. the Los Angeles power structure to pro­ the Roller Rink on Sunset near Western The first confrontati<)ll 1almost missed, voke a riot. Those who claim this say it NEXT MONTH IN THE MOVEMENT: and a· Taco stand at Adams and Cranshaw. Across the street and down Adams a w0uld strengthen Yorty's hand in his carload of kids had been stopped, In the struggle with Brown, and while he was Analysis· and coverage of the mer­ flashing police light I could see the usual (CONTINUED PAGE 3, COLUMN I) ger of the NFWA into the AFL-CIO. figurc[-;: the ~op, writing, thumbing through the Vehicle Code book, andtheyoungdrlv­ er standing waiting, URBAN RENEWAL 111111111 111.... HARRY BRILL But ther.e were two new figures in the history of Los Angeles there too -- Bro­ ther Lennie 10 feet away, arms crossed, HUNTERS POINT PUBLIC HOUSING watching every move. And Brother Crook, notebook out, peering over the cops shoul­ NEED NOT BE DEMOLISHED! der, recording the badge number, the violations, the conversation, the actions, SAN FRANCISCO -- jects are rehabilitated to ac­ 1938 DODGE CAP CAR, driven by the attitude. - The Poverty Board of Hun,ters Point, a cord with applicable state and Brother Crook, The bumper sticker shows And you understood the meaning of the low income Negro ghetto in San Francisco, local building codes and regu­ a black panther with the slogan "We're CAP in that one scene, The YO.1J)~ driver has joined the Redevelopment Agency in its lations, such temporary ho.us­ the Greatest:' was not alone, Right or wrO:lg, legitimate­ unrelenting war against the poorl They've ing project may be continued ly stopped or .harassed, he was not alone, -been spreading the word that the 1800 in operation, but such dwelling Both were meeting places for young Ne­ temporary dwelling units of public housing structures shall be demolished groes and potential hotspots of police in the area must be demolished by 1970. not later than one year after harassment. In order to replace these units with pri­ the final adjournment of the Our patrol had 5 cars, led by Brother vate housing, they are now actively sup­ 1985 General Session of the Crook's 1938 Dodge and Brother Len'ie's porting the Agency's efforts to redevelop Legislature." white pickup. Hunters Point. The state law makers urged the passage Nothing much was happening at the A survey sponsored by the residents of this provision for San Francisco because Roller Rink. The CAP cars, white silk showed that most prefer to stay in their of a critical shortage of low rental housing flags w hip pin g from their antennas, present homes. And why notl Rents range for minority gro.Jps there~ It is most cruised the area. Few police cars were from only $41 to $78 per month, At a time unfortunate that these legislators 90 miles around. About 11 pm the Patrol moved to when low cost housing is in short supply, away in Sacramento are considerably more the Taco stand. evicting them is shamefuL Particularly responsive to the interests of the resi­ distressing is the fact that they could dents than is the leadership of the Hunters The Cops Move In probably remain if the Poverty Board Point Community, cooperated with the residents rather .than The recent marriage between the Pov­ Between 11 and midnight the Taco stand the Redevelopment Agency. erty Board and the Redevelopment Agency began to fill up with young people. It is A Poverty Board sensitive to the pov­ is certain to increase the poyert)' of the a small stand wlth a parking lot for about erty of its people would have explored poor residents of Hunters Point. Experi­ 15 :ars. By midnight there were 75 to every possible means to prevent the de­ ence with the Redevelopment Agency in 100 young people, eating, talking, sitting molition of low cost housing in their San Francisco has already demolJstrated in their cars. The CAP cars w'~re parked community, At least they would have read that "slum clearance" has been the Agen­ around the edge of the lot. One CAP the law. Had the Area Board done so, they cy's perennial excuse for getting rId of driver was explaining to a young girl would have found that the housing project low cost housing in the Cit)/ ~ That'S why what the Patrol was all about. Brother must be destroyed only if it was not re­ the Hunters Point Poverty Board's flir­ Len n i e and Brother Crook circulated habilitated by 1970. If the Board of Su­ tations with the Redevelopment Agency through the crowd,talking, socializmg, pervisors approved plans to renovate these marks a sad day for the poor in San organizing. public housing units, these buildings could Francisco, There was no doubt that the CAP group remain until 1986, another 20 years~ was part of the youth community in Los Specifically, the State law reads that if: (for full text of the law see Californ i:.: Angeles. Right._ away you are struck by "the dwelling structures in State Health and Safety Code. Chapter the similarities between CAP and SNCC such temporary housing pro- 279, Section 35541.6) Page 2 THE MOVEMENT August 1966

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1 EDITORIALS- Vote for Pat Brown.~. GIVE' US LABOR POWER, . - . - BLACK POWER CHURCH POWER, He Ru'ns••• He Hides THE MASS MEDIA GETS •'Until I' resigned. tw',) weeks ~go 1 was a IRISH POWER AND WATER POWER, member of the California State Social ALL SHOOK UP PLEASE, PLEASE DON'T GIVE ANY THAT BAD Welfare Board, closely associated with BUT US Of Governor, Brown's efforts to c eradicate poverty. His absence today, for whatever BLACK POWER reason - and the Governor should know that he is not the only one who is accus­ tomed to spending Easter Sunday with The fear·and trembling unleashed by the whites would free the Negroes, it's easy his ,family - his absence today makes word "power" with the word "black" in to see why Black Power raises tremendous a joke of the efforts to eradicate poverty front of it is a joy to watch, Not because guilt on the part of sympathetic whites. As among farm workers. we want to terrorize anyone: we don't, a group, they failed, that's all. And we "The Governor has now demonstrated But all of a sudden a soft shroud of illu­ know it. In Mississippi, the Negro is in that he is either indifferent or hostile sions has been whipped away from the eyes worse shape economically than he was to the basic aspirations of seasonal farm of many liberals and middle-class folk: six years ago. The thousands registered workers and their children. He is ap­ they are being made to see the harsh' during the last year have yet been unable parently willing to continue and expand angry energy flowing up from the ghettos to forge their vote into meaningful pro­ a degrading welfare system rather than and rural South, and they are being made grams. In many counties, registered Negro help farm workers establish justice and to see that the recent civil rights, acts voters are still prevented from casting pay their own way. and the war on poverty legislation have ballots. The Delta of Mississippi has "Today in Sacramento, the Governor not met the problems of black people in 30,000 newly unemployed people--rejects has turned his back on the hopes of farm America, nor have they been able to buy from the plantation system. workers for, social justice and embraced off the protest against injustice that is iil In Lowndes County, Alabama, there are the present farm labor system with all the Negro community, new potentials--and that's where Black that means for human suffering and con­ Progress has not been made. More Ne­ Power was born. The Lowndes elections Unued social unrest:' gro children go to segregated schools this November may be the most important - from the speech by Wayne C. Hart­ now than at the time of the Supreme in the country. (For the best explanation mire, Director of the Migrant Ministry, Dangerous Genie Court's school desegregation decision; of Black Power written, read "Us Color­ at the Easter Sunday Capitol rally afrer cartoon bV Harblodl Negro youth unemployment is four times ed People" on page . Nowhere do you see the Delano Pilgrimage. higher than the national unemployment racism-in-reverse (whatever that is), vio­ rate; Negroes receive a smaller share lence or separatism.) of the total national income than they did Negroes in Lowndes County simply de­ WHO WRITES CHRONICLE during World War 11; slum housing is still cided they couldn't wait to be saved by the rule for Negroe's and other minori­ whites, the whites in the Alabama De­ EDITORIALS·· ties--and urban renewalremains a scheme mocratic Party or the whites in Washing- , to move the poor and build middle-income ton. They are not anti-white; they say THE KERN COUNTY or upper income hou'sing in the cities. "whites are irrelevent to the solution The Negroes' faith in the white com­ of our problems." Nothing they do in their LAND COMPANY? munity has not been upheld. It was as­ political work in the county depends on The San Francisco Examiner-Chron­ sumed for a long time by both black and liberals or middle-class people. This icle of July 24 editorialized against the white in the civil rights movement that if 16D-acre limitation of the Federal Re­ Negroes peacefully dramatized the in­ clamation Law. The editorial, entitled justices that afflicted them, the white "An Outmoded Law," was a classic ex­ majority would rise in sympathy and de­ ample of the heavy himdedabsurdities that mand that the federal government pass critics of the Law have been forced to legislation to cure the injustice. use. This premise has proven to be false. THE MOVEMENT finds it interesting In the mass, whites in this country do not that the neo-feudalists who control such support the Negro movement. In Califor­ a large portion of this state and its mass nia this is very clear. The white majority media found it necessary to stoop to passed a selective-apartheid law. In Los such ambigUity, distortion, and outright Angeles, the white majority denied the lying to present their point: colony of Watts a hospital.' In order to Out of curiosity more than anything "Black Power!" , get re-elected, Governor Brown felt it else' we called up the Chr'onicle and C'!rttl)l1 tw H.Y(lI~ necessary to promote a repressive"Anti­ innocently" asked the writer of the edi­ riot" bill in the legis'lature. Not only in torial where he got the information for the South is it politically unwise for his statements. We were told that the white politicians to identify with the Negro. statement, "Kern County agriculture is, Since most whites in the movement or of course, big business that to be profit­ sympathetic to it had assumed that the able requires big tracts of 1000 acres or more. University of California studies support this.•.," came from a press THE MOVEMENT release from the Kern County Land Com­ is published monthly by the staff ~ quoting a statement made by the of the Student Nonviolent Coor­ President of the North Kern Water Stor­ dinating Committee of California. age Districtl oo Several things are involved here: .c I) Considering in whose pockets the EDITORIAL,OFFICE: 0. "scholars" (hirelings is perhaps a better 449 14th Street word) at the Giannini Foundation are, San Francisco, California 94103 there is no doubt that such studies do 626-4577 exist. EDITORIAL GROUP: 2) Water Storage Districts (as opposed Terence Cannon to Irrigation Districts) represent "one Frank Cieciorka dollar - one vote" domocracy at its pur­ Mike Sharon est. A spokesman of a Water Storage Gerhard Gscheidle District is by definition a spokesman of Bob Novick the big money interests in the district -­ Brooks Penney makes sense to us: if one method fails, such as the Kern County Land Company Ellen Estrin try another. in the North Kern Water Storage District. tran~itional. Ellie Isaksen We see Black Power as 3) The audacity of a supposedly re­ We don't know yet exactly what it is a sponsible (read--big) journal basing judg­ transition toward; we know what it isn't. ments and making editorial comments on , LOS ANGELES STAFF: -Hubenthal, Los Angeles Herald·Examiner For example, it isn't the kind of integra­ a reference source so flimsy as a press Karen Koonan tion in which Negroes are supposed to release from the Kern Land' County Land Moths to the Flame 462-6873 become like whites. lf it is "integration," Company boggles the imagination. It makes ,Bob Niemann it is in the context of different ethnic, one stop, and think about other statements racial and nationality groups maintaining , by our moulders of public opinion (Like-­ LOS ANGELES MAILING and developing their own historical and how many Americans are really being ADDRESS: cultural uniquenesses. killed in Vietnam.) P.O. Box 117 'This kind on "integration" is based on WE MO VEMENT ,suggests that the 308 Westwood Plaza equality. It is basedon a feeling of strength Chronicle consult a few more sources: Los Angeles 24, California in the Negro community, not dependence such as the June 29, 1959 issue of the on the white community. Chronicle in which the readers respond­ SUBSCRIPTIONS: Black power has become a major slogan ed that 58.9% approved of 160-acre limi- $2 per year, individual copies around which Negroes can organize. As 'tation and 21.5% opposed it. ' such, it is one of the most positive de­ Or better, Walter R. Goldschmidt's $4 per hundred per month, non­ velopments in America today. We hope comparative study of two towns: Arvin commercial bulk subscriptions that white friends of the Negro movement (in Kern County where large acreage Advertising: $4 per column inch will understand and support it--but, as farming abounds and our friend Di Gior­ the concept makes clear,Negroes will no gio holds 9,000 acres) and Dinuba (in The opinions expressed. in signed longer be dependent on that understanding Tulare County where family size farms articles and columns do not necessarily and support. As the cry for self-deter­ are more prevalent). The way feudal reflect the opinions of SNCC Qr THE MOVEMENT. Nor do we necessarily mination stirs all colonial people, so the landholdings corrupt life in rural Cali­ support all actions or organizations on cry for "black power" stirs the ghettos fornia might interest the Chronicle, i which we report. and rural slums of America today. "I'm !itting up with a 6irk friend .. :' August 1966 THE MOVEMENT Page 3 THERE IS A MOVEMENT STARTING IN WATTS SOlIm CENTRAL LOS ANGELES - In SLA.1\lT (Self-Leadershipfor All Nationali­ "For example," Lennie continued, oae The cops' keep changing frequencies on the year since the Los Angeles Revolt ties Today) at 8501 South San Pedro. night two guys were standing on a corner their radios. They've given us 40-50 many groups have sprung up in Watts. SLANT is a nationalist-oriented organi­ about 4'doors from their homes, listening tickets for any t h i n g, everything and Some of them are professional agencies, zation of young people in the Watts area. to the radio. The cops jumped out, and nothing. They pull us over and say 'NoW some are church-sponsored, some have The Patrol operates a fleet o~ cars. demanded their LD. cards, One'mandi<;in't we got you, nigger, we're going to kill budgets of thousands of dollars, some (The exact number is confidental: "The have an LD. - he panicked and ran' you sometime: But if you act strong, are sponsored by big business, some cops keep asking us how many cars we toward his house, The cops startedbeating they won't touch you. It's when you act. operate on what they can beg and' bor­ have," says Brother Lennie, Field Su­ on the other guy, threw him to the ground, apologetic that they beat your head:' row,. pervisor of the Patrol. "They think we and went after the one who ran away, They Do you ever try to stop brutality? Two of them, the Temporary Alliance have some fantastic power to be every­ grabbed his kid in his front yard, beat "No, observing is usually enough, On , of Local Organizations (TALO) and the where. We moved around where ever him. When his wife came out they pulled Cranshaw and 60th some cops had kids Community Alert Patrol (CAP) could be the hotspots are"). a gun on her. The Patrol got there just up against their car, goIng through their the ones to change the life in South Cen­ The cars assemble at the CAP' head­ as a riot might have started, pockets. They (the cops) had their hats tral Los Angeles, a huge minority colony quarters every night at 7. They are 'II find it fiendish that a cop should use off and their sleeves rolled up, The kids' trapped in a hostile city, assigned to be.ats, depending on where Ii nightstick on a kid no bigger than a were in a store; when they left, the cops "CAP is more of a ~ than an or­ the action is likely to be that night - a watermelon." grabbed 'em and handcuffed them. ganization," says Tommy Jacquette, CAP Roller Rink at Sunset and Western, along "The people on the street tell us, We "As soon as the CAP arrived, the cops Executive Director. "The Patrol is to Avalon, a Taco stand at Adams and 'are the comm-Juity, None of us come from put on their hats, rolled their sleeves reduce police brutality, and protect our Cranshaw - any where young people meet. ;;rt"side the area. People trust us, They down, unlocked the handcuffs, let the kids people. We don't do this with ,arms: we "They're the ones who get it most from call us to help locate their kids when go, and took ofL" don't even carry a pair of fingernail the cops," says Brother Lennie, "The they don't come home. We're compiling a The Temporary Alliance is' a loose clippers when we 'go out. But when the monkeys down here are just like Gestapo list of complaints that people give us coalition of individuals in the black or­ Man comes on, the reaction ,of many - not like in Seattle:' ~ stop signs down, street lights out, un­ ganizations of Los Angeles: CORE, Cen­ p'eople is to panic. We're there to stop The idea for the Patrol came from a painted pedestrian zones. We handleevery~ tral LA NAACP, SLANT, US, the United that panic, to fight fear." similar operation in seattle, where the kind of problem:' Civil Rights Committee. CAP headquarters is in the offices of Negro community est,ablished a PatroL CAP!§. black-power, Jacquette and Bro­ TAW has put about $500 into the ther Lennie agree, It is community power, Patrol. "CAP is one of the few programs "There's too many middlemen around," in Watts that has the support of every­ says jacqueue, 22 year old high-school one, young and old," says Tommy Jac­ drop-out. TIley are the so-called leaders, quette. the preachers and dpctors who try to "The reason CAP patrollers haven't speak for the community. been arrested and beaten Up,'f says TALO "If they live in Baldwin Hills who do Public ReI a t ion s Chairman Chester they think they're speaking for? Louis Wright, "is that they have the support. Lomax, Roy Wilkins, even King -they're of that TALO umbrella organizatio:J.," living on easy street, They're not ex·· \"hat are the major problems in run­ periencing it anymore, The same frustra­ Uing the Patrol? tions -tbey can't feel them!' "Money, of course," says TyroneSmall, "It's time we stopped being defined by Program Director of CAP, " Then'we have others. We came up with the Patrol, not a tough screening process for those who King or Lomax or Wilkins," apply. : We want young guys from 18 to What is the reaction of the LA police 28 who come from the community and who Oepartment? WIJD't 'sell us out. We've accepted 15'0 "They're afraid," says Brother Lennie, applications from people who want to serve on the patrol."

TOMMY jACQUETTE, CAP Executive Director - "There's too many middlemen around - so-called leaders:'

WAITS PATROL CONTI NUED FROM PAGE 1 alive, it would have strengthened Chief Parker. "A dear and present danger" is you, they want to make trouble. They're always the best excuse' for the violation filth, a bunch of long-haired niggers. of civil rights. Now most of thes0 colored people -­ If you need circumstantial proof for they're law-abiding, It's these trouble­ thi33rgument, the cops will provide it, makers, the dirt, riding around in their By 12:30 there were 10 police cars in, cars. ., ., ." .," around, and' circling the Taco stand, (He was frenzied. I thought: he knows 1 stood in amazement, 20 cops for a I'm a reporter -- he must want to be quoted. I'm sorry now I didn't take down a peaceful crowd of 75-100 young kids I o Out of their prowl cars, checking 'lD's, his badge number, I would carry my .s:: giving tickets, ordering kids home, 1 memory of his statement into court,) 0.. turned to someone and said "They're Our Press Cards were' in order: we crazy -- anything could start a riot:' were let go. When we turned the corner Someone could have fallen, been tripped, onto Crenshaw, the Patrol was lined up fainted. They w"re askin~ for it, the cops, on the side of the street: CAP car, cop askin~ for ir- car, CAP car, cop car, ,", An officer made a beeline for me, "I Two of the CAP patrollers had started TYRONE SMALL, CAP Program Director - "We've approved 150 applications haven't seen you around before," he said, to enter their legally parked car, The for the PatroL" , 'may 1 see some identification?" I showed next thing they knew there was one cop him the MOVEMENT press card,' 'What car in front of them, one behind them, hamburger stand parking lot. He had a sincere. do you think a~Jout the Community Alert and a cop at the window. The rest of the tail light missing and knew that if he tried I did not stop, but cruised the area. Patroi?" 1 asked, CAP cars, rounding the corner, pUlled to leave the police would ticket him. We There seemed to be a tactical reason for "Oh, they don't bother us and we don't over, and were in turn stopped. stood watching the cops ticket the car full holding up the Patrol. On the blocks around, ,bother them," he said, in his friendliest The parked CAP car was given a ticket of kids. "There's only one way t'o stop all cars with Negro kids in them were being way. "As far as we're concerned they're for speeding. this," the young man said finally, very pulled over by the' rest of the police, while just a few more cars on the road:' He The young man standing next to me coldly and seriOUSly, "and that's to get the Patrol was stalled on Crenshaw. then launched into a story about how the wanted to go home' but was trapped in a out our guns and start shooting." He was Tickets were being given for: week before, the police had brought out Erayeq drivers license (have any bull horns and ordered the area around of you white folks ever been given a ticket the Taco stand cleared, and the Communi·­ for a frayed drivers license?) ty Patrol members had insisted that the Unlighted license plates. people had a right to stay, Tail lights ~oo blue. "TIley were directly interfering with I watched a cop thumb for half an hour our work," he was saying in his best through the Vehicle Code for something community-relations style, "That wasn't to ticket a car of teenagers. The CAP right, was it? We've received complaints patrollers were watching this one. A from the residents of the area about girl inside the car asked them, "How do the kids here:' we join your club? You guys are great. I started to get back into the car, The Ever since they shot that guy (Deadwyler) Patrol had left the stand and we were something's got to be done," alone, Standing in the dark of a side street off "Oh no you don't," said a cop, "We're Adams, watching one car of tee,:agers not through with you." draw two LAPD prowl cars, one unmarked "Your partner said I could go," I said. prowl car, and a haU-hour search for an "No he didn't, You stay here," obscure violation. 2 am. It's true that They were checking out the legitimacy Los Angeles treats the Negro community of the MOVEMENT Press Card, like a colony. Then a very interesting thing happened, "What is Black Power?" .said Brother The partner of the community-relations­ Lennie. "CAP is Black Power:' trained officer started ':0 tiHk ,uOl!t the I get the feeling th • for the people of kids at the ,r J il,_ th~ Patrol: W,,::;c;. Black P('w~ ., ~'ome a dayto~ "l¥hat de- • ;"'~:_ -;-s ",-em:? ~'1J teli Page 4 THE MOVEMENT August 1966

TRADING STAMP DRIVE IT SEEMS TO ME STOKELY CARMICHAEL MILL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA - The vote and due process, when ,black child­ SNCC trading stamp drive by the Marin The Civil Rights Act of 1966 as report­ ed by the House judiciary Committee is ren continue to be sent to inadequate County Friends of SNCC has produced three new station-buses and over $3',000 totally useless and totally unnecessary. schools. The housing section, Title IV, is the in garage equipment. President johnson was trying to get him­ biggest fraud of all. It "prohibits" hous­ The Marin Friends prefer to get Blue self off the hook by putting this bill ing discrimination, but exempts almost Chip and S & H Green Stamps, but cim before Congress. It was an irrelevant every form of housing from coverage. use aU kinds. They also prefer to re­ reply to the needs of the black community when it was introduced, and it is no better Like the rest of the bill, it is the most ceive full books rather than loose stamps. now. lf passed, it will function both as a words with the least effect, exactly what This is an important source of sup­ the johnson Administration needs to con­ port. PLEASE SEND YOUR TRADING fraudulent bunch of words to convince the black people of this country that Con­ tinue to delude the, American people, STAMPS TO BOX 210, MILL VALLEY, gress has taken action to deal with their The President could sign an executive CALIFORNIA 94942. problems, and as a smokescreen to ob­ order today that would ban 8cm of the scure President johnson'E; failure to en­ segregation in housing. His failure to do force earlier civil rights legislation. The so, along with the almost certain defeat bill adds almost nothing to existing laws, of even the present emasculated housing UCLA Weekly Vigil and in some cases, actually makes pre­ section, will be a green light to real sent laws worse. estate agencies, builders, and housing LOS ANGELES -- A weekly silent vigil Titles I and II, which are supposed to financial institutions to discriminate as against the war in Vietnam has been deal with. the problems of jury discrimina­ much as they like, started at UCLA. Students and faculty tion in the state and federal courts, con­ Title V is supposed to protect civil members stand silently for one hour each tain clauses which make jury discrimina­ rights workers and those exercising their Wednesday at noon. Vigilers stand on both tion even easier. The qualifications for civil rights from violence, However, the sides of the path from the College li­ serving on a jury according to this bill title states that people must be "lawfully" brary to the Student Union. are the same qualifications (including exercising their civil rights to be pro­ According to Professor Donald Kalish, the present literacy and understanding tected. It flies in the face of the well­ who organized the protest, the vigil will tests) which have enabled Southerners known fact that in the South, local law and continue every Wednesday until the United to keep black people from voting. Enforce­ violence are equal partners in the con­ spiracy against civil rights. States stops bombing North and South JAMES BROWN ON BLACK POWER ment of these titles is so weak and full Vietnam. Response to the vigil has been of loopholes that they are totally useless The bill completely ignores many of the growing: up to 300 persons have parti­ as instruments to help poor people pro.., pressing needs of black people, North cipated. When James Brown got off teet themselves from the powerful in and South, It contains no provision to the plane for a singing their communities. force the placement of federal registrars in every county of the South, and no engagement, a reporter asked Titles III and VI pretend to grant to the Odverhsement Attorney General powers which he already provision to stop the evasions ofthe Voting him, "What do you think has and is not using in education, equal Rights Act by Southern state legislators. MARY FIELD BIRDSALL about Black Power?" justice, public facilities, and employment. It does not speak to the problem of de. DESIGN AND CO,MPOSITION James Brown replied: No matter how often the Congress re­ facto segregation in city schools (except to deny the Attorney General the power "It feels establishes the power of the Attorney to .enforce racial balance). It does not TYPESETTING • LAYOUT • PASTE-UP General to sue for the protection of con­ stitutional rights or to des e gregate contain any meaningful provisions 'for the prevention of violence against black people 20 STEINER STREET TELEPHONE schools, the power is meaningless as SAN, FRANCiSCO 863-9417 long as the Attorney General will not act or the prosecution of those involved in when black people are denied the right to such violence. It does not deal with the impotent and illusory "law enforcement" by the FBI. The bill is a sham. Any civil rights This primer was written by SNCC membersforuse in Lowndes County, Alabama by the organization or congressman who works Lowndes County Freedom Orgq,nization. Other primers, outlining the responsibilities of for the passage of this bill, and any the Sheriff and the Tax Assessor, were also used by organizers of the Black Panther legislator who votes for it, is'sharing in the hypocrisy of President johnson and Party. We think that US COL ORED PEOPLE is one of the best explanations of what SNCC his Administration•

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THE WELfARE WORLD 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIUli111111111 11111111111111111 BECKY MILLS

In 1960 72,000 California families re­ conservative and responsive to pressure members about how sodal workers ex­ NEXT MONTH IN ceived Aid to Families With Dependent from local "taxpayers' organizatio.1s." tracted signed statements from them about THE MOVEMENT: Children, getting checks twice a month for Actions like Alameda County's infamoJs their relationships wIth me'1. a monthly average of $163.24. They had "bed check raids" on W8l!are recipients The worker-recipient relationship is 200,000 children, and the number has­ three years ago and like Tulare and Kern seldo,n 0.1e of mutual confidence, How probably vastly increased in the sixyears County's refusals to take applications could it be when the social worker holds since then. from striking farm w.:>rkers--these are the power of the purse and the recipient The money is not enough to love on, and clear-cut political policies. doesn't know what the rules are, if any, properly clothe school children, and look But besides politics and the desire of that guide the social worker? Even if re­ into job possibilities, husband possibili­ the powers-that-be to get people off the cipients knew abOut the rules, it would ties, or other paths out of the ghetto and welfare rolls, the bureaucratic structure still be true that "a good worker will get off welfare. Just paying rent usually takes of welfare agencies is itselfresponsible it for you; a bad worker wHl lecture you from $30 to $100 more than the housing for violations of recipients' rights. Re­ for asking," The rules are flexible, ~here allowance in the monthly grant. Recipients cipients are not properly informed of the is room for' interpretation, and it is a say "They just give you enough to keep eligibility rules because they're too com­ fact that many welfare grants and special you down where you won't be no trouble, plicated. Mo;,t social workers spend over needs are not equitably administered. won't raise no fuss." two months on the job before they know But social workers concern themselves Getting the grant means having a social how the rules work in practice, and then. with "establishing a relationship" with worker, and usually a steady changing it's a job just to keep up with the weekly the recipient because they viewrecipients stream of social wo:-kers. Socialworkers, rules changes. . as people with problems, in_ need of or most of them, WOJldn't have chosen the Recipients don't know why they get $100 counseling and •'rehabilitation," A psy­ job if they hadn't w'lnted to help people, or $145 monthly because the budget com­ chological ideology pervades the welfare if they hadn't had interest and sympathy putations are too complicated, Soc i a 1 departments. It is undoubtedly helpful to for other people. But recipients say "they workers and clerks often make mistakes, some recipients. But for others, it is act like it's co~ning right out of their but the recipient has no •• coded cost sche­ in~ulting. degrading, even vicious. pockets, you know how they do," Social dule," like a social worker, to check the Recipients whose financial problems The first in a series of col­ figures. Even more to the point, many workers are the next biggest problem are due mo:o:-e or less to such social evils umns written especially for most recipients have, next to the size of social wOl-kers don't know the basis for a as unemployment, discrimination and poor THE MOVEMENT by Jack the grant. decision anyway, because the supervisor education, are encouraged to believe they Welfare and Institutions Code of Cali­ made the decision and they accepted it don't see the world properly, that the Minnis, SNCt Central Commit- I fornia provides that 1)theprovisions shall rather than struggle against the weight of illness is inside of them. Workers talk to tee member and long-time dir­ be liberally construed to meet the intent the hierarchy. them about "the reality." But "thereal­ ector of SNCC research. of the programs, 2) no applicant should As a member of the Berkeley Welfare ity" is different for a social worker who be made to feel like a pauper, 3) applica­ Rights Committee said to a social work­ hasn't experienced such hard facts of life Subscribe to THE MOVEMENT tions shall be processed promptly with er, "You can't put your John Henry on as police brutality, job discrimination, no undue delays, and 4) recipients shall that piece of paper unless you take re­ etc. be informed of the rules of eligibility sponsibility for the decision, Don't tell Recipients generally feel they could ~nd their responsibilities. All four of me it wasn't your decision, I see your "rehaoilitate" all right if they had enough adverhsement these pro'lisions are vi 0 I ate d daily John Henry right there on that line." moaey. Small wO'.lder that they say "You throughout California welfare agencies Unfortunately, it takes a Welfare Rights go down to the weifare. You have to get THE BLACK PANTHER PARTY and even by the most well-meaning social Organization to check that kind of ir­ down 1111 your knees and beg. You sit there • • workers. responsibility, the commoa corruption of all day and maybe have to comeback again Why? What is wrong? Politics is just a bureaucracy. Most recipients can't do it and again. And then when they finally get Speech by John Hulett part of it. It's well known that welfare alone because they're afraid of antagoaiz­ it for you, it isn't enough to live on." recipients are thought to be lazy, incom,. ing the social worker. (This begins, we hope, a regular feature Interview with Stokely Carmichael petent "freeloaders" by many Ameri­ According to the Assistant Director of column on the Welfare World. Mrs. Mills ~eport from Lowndes County cans. Welfare supporters have to lobby Alameda' County's welfare department, is a social worker for Contra Costa County 25¢ the social worker-recipient relationship and an "advocate" for the Oakland and heavily every time the legislature votes, Merit Publishers, 5 East ThirdSt. so as not to lose gains already won. Wel­ is one of "confidence and mutual trust:' Berkeley Welfare Rights Organization.) New York, N.Y. 10003 fare agencies are staffed and directed by He said thiS in response to complaints by 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 County Boards of Supervisors, notoriously a group of Welfare Rights Organization Subscribe to THE MOVEMENT

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RAT~ DF"'c, f - r 'A~rY Page 6 THE MOVEMENT August 1966

HOW 01 GIORGIO ESCAPED THE 160 ACRE LIMIT Subscribe to THE MOVEMENT By Brooks Penney was $2,700,900. It takes three acre feet of In 1952 the level of the water table water a year, to grow grapes. If the ARE T~E TEAMSTERS A UNION? under Di Giorgio's 4,700 acre Sierra subsidies and special privileges were not Vista Ranch dropped to the point where available it would cost the grower $14 per DiGiorgio was forced to sign a contract acre foot to take delivery of w,:lter,at canal ,BAKERSFIELD, CALIFORNIA --- Wjile at the Bakersfield office of the NFWA, agreeing to dispose of all land over 160 ' side. They pay only $3.50 per acre foot. The Movement read two farm worker contracts that the teamsters made with two acres, as federal reclamation law re­ This comes to $31.50 per acre per year growers in Southern California. quites, in order to obtain water from the subsidy to a grape grower, or $138,600 In both' contracts it is provided that the Company can employ foreign workers Central Valley Project. per year to DiGiorgio. From 1952 to without those workers having to join the union, and though they must be paid the The ten year "grace" period that the 1964 this a m'o u n t ed to a subsidy of same wage rates, the company has total control: deductions from the workers Department of Interior allows passed $1,940,400 to DiGiorgio from the tax checks for transportation, tools, room and board can be made without any safeguards without the company making any move to payer. for the worker. dispose of the excess land. In 1962 the Because of the: existence of the federal In the contract with Ben Antler, Inc., effective May 4, 1961 through July 15, 1967, Department of Interior took over the sell­ reclamation project the DiGiorgio Cor­ there are no provisions for a medical plan. The wage scale in this contract ranges ing of the land., When the contract was poration at its Sierra Vista Ranch alone, from $1.12 to $1.40 (the farm worker gets the $1.12 and the lidder-loader gets the originally signed the land was appraised has received well over four and a half $1.40). at $5 million but in 1962 DiGiorgio said million dollars in water subsidies. And In the contract with Jim Mapes, effective May 4, 1965 through July 15, 1968, a that this was too low arid asked for yet, strangely enough, this is the same medical plan is sort of provided ,for --- the contract says that the Company and the another appraisal. Interior obliged and company that can't seem to be able to Union are to "investigate the feasibility" of a medical plan, which if put into effect in 1964 when the land was put up for sale bring itself around to paying its workers would be instead of the wage increase. The wage increase in 3-1/2% covering Machine it was judged worth $7 million. The com­ $1.40 per hour. Harvested Lettuce. The top wage is $1.50 per hour, pany was allowed to keep 300 acres of. land; the other 4,400 acres were put up for sale. At first only individuals who held no THE EAST lOS ANGELES BARRIO ANOTHER WATTS? more than 160 acres of land that received LOS ANGELES --- These are tentative first steps being working in the area are optimistic about federally-subsidized water could apply, There is another ghetto in Los Angeles. taken in a community which is just be­ filling this gap. They see the strike in but only 44 acres were sold. The next Within its 75 square mile area, the faces ginning to be conscious of its power. Delano as the training ground for scores year interior said any legal entity that are not black but brown and the language There is no question that the major of Mexican - American organizers who did not own more than 160 Vicres in the. on the street is Spanish. But the prob­ stimulus to the MeXican-American com­ will bring their skills back to the barrio Delano-Earlimart Irrigation Di s t ric t lems are the same. The housing is as munity has been the Delano strike. It when the strike is won, They will provide could buy the land. Since then only 460 dilapidated as in Watts. The cops are has created pride in being Mexican and the nucleus for a sustained effort among acres have been sold. DiGiorgio is still from the same police force that patrols a willingness to take action. It has also their own people to overcome the i r farming the remaining land, receiving Watts and their methods of 'social con­ provided the community with a hero, present situation of political and econo­ federally subsidized water to grow their trol' are the same in each ghetto. And, Cesar Chavez. All through the barrio, mic powerlessness. grapes and reaping the profit. as in Watts, the people of East Los young Mexicans are beginning to reject By law, the DiGiorgio Corporation is Angeles are fed up. In an area in which the assimilationist ideal of those Mexican required to sell their land in order to .for many years there was little organi­ -Americans who have achieved success in Behind the August- 30 promote family farms. But because ot zation, the people are starting to deal the white man's world. The Mexican­ the arbitrary rules of the Department of directly with the problems that fa c e A mer i can teachers and social workers Interior, the land is being sold to cor­ them. no longer speak as the leaders of the Oi Giorgio Election porations and speculators.Thepurchasers The first effective program in the area people. The new heroes are the strikers Elections will be held at two prop- of the land to date include Morris Fruit dealing with housing problems has re­ emphas~s of Delano with their on 'la erties of the DiGiorgio Corporation-,----.;... Co., a corporation with extensive hold­ cently been started. Using F.H.A. funds, raza' (the race) and on their Mexican Sierra Vista Ranch and Borrego Springs ings, and Mr. and Mrs. Fred F. Noonan. seven families have begun a housing heritage. After speaking to black nation­ Ranch, August 30, 1966, according to an Noonan is a president of a San Fran­ co-op. Their plans call for bUilding seven alists in Watts, young MexicanAmericans agreement made under the arbitration of cisco shipping firm. The press said the single family dwellings grouped about a have taken the black racial pride of the Mr. Ronald Houghton of the American Noonans bought the land as an invest­ patio with land available for small scale' Negroes and put it to work in their own Arbitration Association. ment, in other words, for speculation, farming directly to the rear of the little' area. The most frequent question now is: The agreement is the following: which is specifically against the law. ,village. The board of directors of the "Why is it considered bad to be a Mexi­ 1 - THE VOTES OF THE WORKERS AT In the meantime DiGiorgio rakes in co-op consists of the seven families., No can?" BORREGO SPRINGS AND SIERRA VISTA the profits. Taking $577 per acre as the one not liVing in the co-op may be a At the present time the greatest ob­ RANCHES WILL BE COUNTED TO­ profit to the grower when water is, de­ director. In response to police brutality, stacle to community development is a GETHER. This is a concession to Di­ livered from a federally subsidized pro­ 'a Community Alert Patrol is being or­ lack of experienced Mexican - American Giorgio. NFWA may lose at one ranch ject, the original subsidy .£0 DiGiorgio ganized by residents of the 'barrio'. organizers. However, the people already and win at another: from indications of the success of the election boycott, this seems unlikely. (pee The Movement, July 1966. ) 2 - RE PRESENTATIVES OF WE UNION WILL BE PERMITTED ON DI GIORGIO PROPERTY AFTER WORKING HOURS TO TALK WITH THE WORKERS. This is a concession to the NFWA; their organ­ izers were unable to talk with the work­ ers who lived on the ranches except by bull horn, while the Teamsters have been invited into the ranches by the company to bet authorization slips. 3 - DI GIORGIO WILL SUPPLY THE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ALL EM­ PLOYEES TO THE UNION. An import­ ant provision for the NFWA: Borrego Springs is closed, many of the workers have left to other ranches, and DiGiorgio has begun to lay workers off at Sierra Vista (180) in an attempt to force the NFWA to run all over the state locating them. 4 - HOUGHTON WILL HAVE POWER OVER THE ELECTION PROCEEDINGS AND THE WINNING UNION SHALL BE­ GIN NEC,QTIATIONS IMMEDIATELY. If ;;" after 45 days there are still differences, ';;; .c u Houghton's decision will be final. t''" 5-EACH PARTY WILL HAVE TWO POLL WATCHERS AT EACH POLL. NO COMPANY OR UNION OFFICIAL CAN BE AN OBSERVER. o 6 - SUPERVISORS HAVING THE POWER '0 .c TO HIRE AND FIRE WILL NOT BE 0. ALLOWED TO VOTE. OFFICE WORKERS ARE NOT PERMITTED TO VOTE. Using these "farm worker" votes, DiGiorgio tried to claim a victory for the Team­ sters in its phony election, June 24th. JULY 9 NFWA MARCH UP MARKFT STREET in San Francisco. 1000 7 -A WHITE BALLOT WILL BE USED • l7ill WORKERS, "fRACTO T)"" 3000 attended t e r~ Iv at r;, " (''''','T I'en) Chavez, others sp Jr, oycott has be,."' .. ~ :.e , 0'· ' .. '':', " ",:e·.:oons at the DiGiorgi August 1966 THE MOVEMENT Page 7

BEST PAPER 1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• LETTERS 11 HUELGA TO THE EDITOR: My best wishes - THE MOVEMENT This is all ancient history. One would I am reliably informed by lawyers who .Dear Terry ., gives me more of the information I want think that the demonstrators might have represent pimps, shoplifters, bookmakers Your review of HUELGA is probably and can't find any other place, than any received the public gratitude of the city and the like that the usual outcome for a worse than the poorish part of Gene's newspaper I take. Every issuegets better. fathers and, after the customary presen­ convicted first offender may be suspended book. 60Ya of the review is devoted to jean F. Stewart tation of medals, desk sets and parchment sentence or a token fine. Trespassers making a point about the author's per­ Berkeley scrolls in recognition of their services, and disturbers of the peace--if they are sonal orientationtowards'minority groups, be allowed to go about thar business. But , hearty, healthy, white, all-American panty The book does not warrant that attack AUTO ROW no. raider types--routinely get off with a and a' book review is no place to make This month, two and a half years later, simple reprimand. Why this vindictive such a point even, if Gene's work with Editor some 160 men and women charged with "justice" for civil'rights demonstrators? farm workers gives you that impression. The Movement misdemeanors are beginning to serve jail Perhaps because these defendants are I personally would question such a con­ Sir: terms totalling 4,940 days and must pay being used as pawns in the coming elec- clusion, but that is up to you. The San Francisco hotel and auto row fines totalling $13,289 for their part in , tion campaign. Your point about, the Anglo orientation sit-in demonstrators who made national the sit-ins. Outside the San Francisco Governor Edmund G. Brown has the of HUELGA has merit a'nd has not been headlines in March 1964 won a series of "Bay Area there has been hardly a word power to extend executive clemency to all brought out in previous reviews. I think remarkable victories hailed at the time in the press about these mass imprison­ the defendants, yet he, seems paralyzed most people recognized that. by civil rights leaders across the country. ments, although there are some news­ into inaction, some say out of fear of a Perhaps what is involved is the whole At the leight of the demonstrations the worthy names amongst those presently in certain television actor. Letters, tele­ question of non.,minority people working San Francisco Hotel Association, rep­ jail: Mrs. Vivian Hallinan and four of her' grams and phone calls to the Governor with minority groups. This would be a resenting 33 major hotels, signed an sons; Mrs. Robert Scheer, wife of the urging him to grant a full pardon would be legitimate subject for a paper such as agreement meeting all of their demands. Congressional "candidate; Dr. Tho mas in order. So would cash contributions' to yours. But we are all involved in that A spokesman for the Association termed Burbridge, University of California pro­ help pay the fines of those being punished one. Thanks for your help and please con­ it a "milestone in community relations." fessor and former president of NAACP. for obeying the dictates of conscience. tinue. lf I didn't care about your opinion Later a similar agreement was negotiated The majority of the prisoners are young Checks may be sent to: Funds for justice, and THE -~OVEMENT I wouldn't take with Auto Row. The Human Rights Com­ people whose lives are being bitterly Edward Stern, Trustee, 690Market Street, miSSion, established by the Mayor shortly dis r u pte d by these vicious sentences. San Francisco, California. the time to write. Viva la causa, after the sit-ins, has acknowledged that Those unable to pay the fine must serve Yours truly, Phil Farnham the pioneering demonstrations facilitated an additional day in jail for each $5, jessica Mitford NFWA its work. which in some cases amounts to 44 days. 2 YEARS AGO: A WHITE SNCC WORKER TALKS ABOUT BLACK POWER

FUNDAMENTAL TO THE SNCC VIEW CONTINUED FROM LAST MONTH iN WHICH THE NEEDS OF MEN FIGHTING IS THE DESIRE TO FREE -POLITiCAL­ FOR FREEDOM -LITERACY,HISTORY, LY, ECONOMICALLY, SOCIALLY AND to the South. needs - spending for schools, hospitals, HEALTH, CHILD CARE, AND SO ON ­ PSYCHOLOGICALLY - the MILLIONS SNCC has begun to make the allies homes, and so forth. They are also seek­ WILL BE MET. OF ENSLAVED NEGROES IN THE SOUTH necessary for such a national thrust. In ing ways to work witnin existing pro­ I was struck, when john Lewis was TODAY. Hattiesburg, only last week, 50ministers, gra~such as ARA and MOTA, meager here, by the ease wi~h which he dis­ POLITICALLY, SNCC SEES VOTER representing Presbyterian and Episcopal" as they are. Self-help programs are being cussed the need for an integratedAmerica REGISTRATION AS THE KEY TO FREE­ congregations across the country, joined investigated and co-ops are now in oper­ and the need for a 'black identity - the DOM. WHERE lHE NEGRO, ONCE EN- with SNCC field secretaries to bring hun­ ation in Selma, Alabama, and Ruleville, two were not exclusive, rather each the ,FRANCHISED, IS TO GO WITH HIS VOTE dreds of local Negroes to the CourtHouse Mississippi. Finally, national campaigns necessary counterpart of the other. AND IS CERTAINLY IN DOUBT. UNTIL VERY to encounter Registrar, Theron Lynd. At for" food and clothing are organized to IN HIS DISCUSSION WITH LOCAL AFRO­ RECENTLY, THERE WAS LITTLE QUES­ the SNCC national conference, leaders of meet actual starvation conditions that AMERICANS, HE WAS NOT OUTFLANK­ TiON OF THE TWO-PARTY SYSTEM IN UAW, Packinghouse and other unions exist for too many Negro families in th~ ED iN A COMMITMENT TO THE BLACK SNCC. HOWEVER, AT lHE RECENT played an important r()le -though I fear "South. And, as a sideline, SNCC workers REVOLUTIONS OF AFRICA. THESE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE, SNCC that most of them fail t6 grasp what is in Atlanta have servedas union organizers LEWIS SEES AS PART OF WHAT HE IS LEADER ROBERT MOSES OPENLY happening in the South. when the AFL-CIO and Teamsters didn't BUIlDING, TO BE STUDIED AND To QUESTIONED WHETHER FREEDOM I might add that SNCC's concern for want to get involved. BE A PART OF, BUT NOT TO ME­ .wHt;....~OME TO THE SOUTH THROUGH political freedom is not limited to the None of this is extraordinary. I think 'CHANICALLY APPLY TO, THE CON- r-_---.;,SITHER OF lHE POLITICAL PARTiES Deep S.outh. 1£ is._our commitment to the uniqueness of SNCC is t(LJ:)e_found D!T~ONS HE FACE~. THERE. THE BUIlDING OF AN ELEC­ political freedom that is the basis of a in its program to deal with problems of As the break with,the past was aneces­ TORAL APPARATUS AROUND THE MISS­ policy that brings SNCC speakers before identity and motivation in the Black Belt sary condition for the emergence of this ISSIPPI M 0 CK ELECTION SUGGESTS political groups of all persuasions, from of the South. Here I feel on less steady fresh movement in the South, so is the THE POSSIBILITY OF STATE OR RE­ conservative to radical. At the root of this ground; the problems are certainly not as new internationalsituationpart of what will GIONAL PARTIES THATOPERATEOUT­ is a faith in the democratic process even clear - and the solutions are more re­ be its success. The world isa more com­ SIDE THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEM­ if it is continually abused and if its prem­ mote. I THINK THERE IS A BELIEF 'plicated place today than many thought it OCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN PARTiES ises are ignored by the practices of WIDESPREAD IN SNCC THAT EVERY to be. 1 was in an informal gathering with IN THE SOUTH, Willi lHE POSSIBILITY local, state and federal government. MAN MUST BE REACHED: THERE IS A some of the recentvisitors from theSoviet OF INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT IN THIS Economically, SNCC" knows it faces BELIEF IN THE DIGNITY AND WORTH Peace Committee and we were discussing DIRECTION NATIONALLY OR THE FOR­ deep and serious problems whose solu­ OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL; THEIR'S IS the Sino-Soviet dispute. The discussion MATION OF DIRECT TIES TO NORTH­ tion cannot be found on a regional basis. A COMMITMENT TO THE CREATION triggered a series of thoughts: China ERN SECTIONS OF THE DEMOCRATIC Unfortunately the Mississippi police have OF THOSE INSTITUTIONS IN WHICH trades on nationalism in its dealings with OR REPUBLICAN PARTIES. my files with facts and figures on the EACH PERSON CAN EXPRESS THAT the'third world; Spain trades with Cuba; Mississippi economy, so I cannot be as WHICH IS IN HIM. This is the Beloved France affords recognition to China and precise as I would like to be. The Holmes Community of which John Lewis speaks. accepts the Oder-Nisse Line; the U.S. and Only recently, the voter registration County Sheriff also has a tape I made of SNCC is really concerned with the de­ the U.S.S.R. move hesitatingly toward approach" has begun to ,be seriously re­ Bob Moses" addressing himself to this velopment of new men - not in the future, detente. This setting is part of the world examined. The total absence of Federal question. If I had it, I would stop talking not the product of a transitional period, which makes SNCC possible as something protection for the right to register and right now and play it for you. To the al­ not the result of the work of a self-con­ new in America. to vote suggests the dimension of the ready existing problem of poverty is now scious apparatus creating conditions for I would like, in concluding, to return problem. It is clear that Negro voters added the mechanization of cotton picking this kind of freedom after other problems to an earlier statement,I made and here could change the whole complexion of the and the use of chemical" sprays to kill are solved, but new men who are developed modify it. I guess I havent' lost the aca· South and of the nation; it is not so weeds once chopped by hand. Both of and who develop themselves in the pro­ demic habit of the footnote. I said that clear how to get them registered. It is these have" been self-consciously intro­ cess of the struggle for freedom. THUS SNCC's early isolation was valuable and in this connection that SNCC Chairman, duced into the Mississippi Delta area to THE FIRST PRIORITY IN EVERY SNCC traced it to the period of McCarthyism. john Lewis, speaks of a massive drive force Negroes to leave the areas in which PROJECT IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF I think it also must be said that a price to register Negroes in Mississippi this they form a potential majority vote. Add LOCAL" LEADERSHIP; THUS IN SNCC IS is paid for that isolation. The price is summer. Lewis suggests that only by to this firings, evictions, withholding of THERE THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF the loss of a continuity with the past and, getting tens of thousands of Negroes into credit and other economic sanctions RACIAL HISTORY, THE UNDERSTAND­ with that, the danger of refusing to learn the streets seeking to register to vote against Negroes who become involved in ING OF THE NEEDS TO ELIMINATE from history. In part, we in SNCC try to will it be possible to force the federal the" movement. Add, finally, the total dis­ FROM BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS THE DE-, resolve this by discussing what we are and government to enter the situation. But, crimination in newindustrialemployment, SIRE TO BE WHITE. BUT, AND EQUAL­ where we're going with as many peoplE' it is unclear whether the troops will do little enough as it is to begin with, and LY IMPORTANT, ESPECIALLY FOR and groups as will give us a platform. Nc anything more than preserve law and in various federal progra.ms you have a MOST OF US HERE, IS THE VIEW THAT two SNCC workers will sound alike - J order. That, as far as I know, is al- , crisis in Mississippi. As Mrs~ Fanny THIS CONSCIOUSNESS DOES NOT DE­ hope I've made that clear - but there is ways the role of outside troops. They do Lou Hamer "put it one day in Ruleville, PEND ON THE EXCLUSION OF WHITES also a core of shared values, and I hopE' not bring justice; they preserve the sta­ ..I hear people talking about the panic FROM THOSE TO BE SAVED. BORROW­ I've made that clear too. I think a phrasE' tus quo. It will, I think, require more of the '30's -well we've been in a panic ING FROM THE NATIONALISTS, THEN used by Chuck McDew is apt to conclude than a crisis in Mississippi to bring jus­ all our lives." RISING ABOVE THEM, SNCC IS CRE­ "We who have fought to make the work tice to Mississippi. It will take a nation­ SNCC w 0 r k e r s are attempting des­ ATING,IN ITS COMMUNITY CENTER safe for democracy must now fight t( al movement near the proportion of the perately to cope with this. At the policy PROGRAM IN THE SOUTH, THE INSTI­ make" democracy safe for the world.' March on WaShington to force the fed­ level, they have urged a massive pro­ TUTIONS IN WHICH THE FULNESS OF eral government to move to bring justice gram of federal spending to meet social FREE MEN WILL BE EXPLORED AND MIKE MILLER ------' --- Subscribe to THE,MOVEMENT! Send One Please Send Me The Next /12 Issues of The Movement Enclosed IS $2.00 to a Friend! Name~. Address .. _ MAIL TO 449 14th STREET, City .. _ State ZIP SAN FRANCISCO 94103 Page 8 THE MOVEMENT August 1966 ~~!eK~~s~E!!II~~Ol!!in~ANCTlONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA i---'\ (An edirorial fr0mSPOTLlGH.TO~SOUTH increase of U.S. companies inth'lt country: priviledged white group more than to the c tROUPE AUGUST SCHEDh AFRICA, June 24,1966. SPOTLIGHT is a from 85 in 1960 to 180 in 1965, We shoa1d Africans, th'lS further strengthening White ~~Y vz