Ludhiana District, Vol-10 , Punjab
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CENSUS OF INDIA 1951 PUNJAB DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOKS VOLUME 10 LUDHIANA DISTRICT Compiled and Published under the Authority of the Punjab Government. Printed by the COlltroUer of Printing end Stationery. Punjab. Simla at O. K. Printillg Pr~8F. SimI •• Pbolle 3282. PBErAC'E. The District Census Handbook is a collection of the follovting data :- I. Introduction which deals with the following items :- (a) Physical Aspects. (b) Geology. (c) Archaeology. (d) Climate. (e) Rain Fall. (f) History. (g) Population. (h) Administration. (i) Medical and Public Health. (j) Education and Literacy. (k) Agriculture and Co-operation. (1) Industries (m) Local Bodies. (n) Rehabilitation of Displaced Persons. (0) Place~ of Interest. 2. District Census Tables (furnishing district data wit h breakup for Census tracts, within the district). In case of Ludhiana District there are three Tahsil Rural Tracts ( Ludhiana Tahsil Rural Tract; Jagraon Tahsil Rural Tract and Samrala rahsil Rural Tract) and two Urban Tracts ( District Lndhialla, Non ,City Urban Tract and Llldhiana City Urban Tract}. There are the following tables for the Llldhiana District :- A-I. Area, houses and population. A-II. Variation in population during fifty years. A-Ill. Towns and villages classified by population. • ii A·tV. Towns classified by population with variation Since 1901. A-V. Towns arranged territorially with population by livelihood classes. B-I. Livelihood classes and ~ub-classes. B-II Secondary means of livelihood. B-III. Employers, Employees and Independent workers. C-II. Livelihood Classes by age groups. C-III. Age and civil condition. C-IV. Age and-literacy. c-V. Single year age return. D-Il. Religion. D-III. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. D-IV. Migrants and Subsidiary. P-V. Displaced persons by district of origin, and date of arrival in India. D-VI. Non-Indian Nationals. D-VII. Livelihood Classes by educational standards. E. Summary figures by district. District Index. Sorter's Ticket 2. 3. Census Abstracts :- (i) Primary Census Abstracts. (U) Census Abstracts of Small Scale Industries. LAKSHMI CHANORA Vashishta. CONTENTS 0• Z ~ Table No. Subject. Page -'J: 4) CIJ 1 Preface 2 Introduction :- 1-16 (a) Physical Aspects. (b) Geo1ogy (c) Archaeology (d) Climate (e) Rain fall (/) History (g) Population (h) Administration (i) Medical and Public Health (j) Education and Literacy (k) Agriculture and Co-operation (I) Industries (m) Local Bodies (n) Rehabilitation of Displaced Persons (0) Places of Interest 3 Statement explaining the tabJes 4 A·I Area, houses aad population ii ~iji 5 A-II Variation in Population during fifty years ."'I iv·i. 6 A-III Towns and Villages c1usified by Population ... x-xv 7 A.IV Towns classified by population with• variation since xvi-xvii 1901. - ii Subject. Page A-V Towns arranged territorially with population by XIX livelihood classes. 9 B-1 Livelihood Classes and sub-classes. (Total) i-vi .. Livelihood CLlsses and slIb-classes. (Displaced)... vii-xii 10 B-Il Secondary means of livelihood. (Total) xiii-xxxi I, Secondary means of livelihood. (Displaced) xxxii-l 11 B-III Employers, Employees and Independent workers. Ii-Inv (Total). Employers, 'Employees and Illdependent workers. Ixxvi. " (Displaced.) xcviii 12 C-lI Livelihood Classes by age groups. (Displaced) ) ii-xvii I 13 C-III Age and Civil Condition, (Displaced) ,. Ixviii-xxj 14 e-IV Age and literacy, (Displaced) xxv-xxx 15 D-Il Religion 16 D-III Schedll~ed Castes and Scheduled Tribes 11 17 D-IV Migr;lOts iii-iv Subsidiary v-vii " 18 D-V Displaced persons by di:; trict of origin, and date viii-xxxi of arrival in India, 19 DVI Non-Indian Natiotials xxxii 20 D-VII Livelihood classes by educational standards xxxiii-xl 21 E Summary figures hy districts lI-V 22 District Index of Non-Agricultural Occupations... i-iv 23 Sorter's Ticket No.2 v-xxiv 24 Census Abstracts :- (i) Pri~ary Census i\bstracts ii-eliii (ii) Censlls Abstracts of Sma'll Scale Industries cliv LUDHIAIIA DIS'I'RJCT,. Physical Aspects. Ludhiana is the most ~outh·eastern of the aeven district9 of the Jullundur Division. Under the (Absorpti?n '. of Enc1avci) Order, 195o"tlUs district hag lost 40 villages having an area of rZ5.6 square mites and has anquired 63 villages from Fatehg;1.rh S'lhib di~trict having art area of 55.6 square miles and ha~ thlH su~tained a net l();;~ of 7J square miles only. The total area of the present Ludhiana District is 1279.0 square miles. The district is bounded by districts of Ambala on the east, Feroz(~pore on the west, Jullundur on the north and PaHala and East Punjah States Union on the south. It is divided into three tahsils; Samrala to the ea'llt, Jagraon to the west, and Ludhrana in the middle. The mean elevation of the district is abollt 800 feet above sea level! at Samrala the elevation is 870 feet, at Ludbiana 800 feet and at Jagraon 764 feet. The district has no very striking natural fe.ltures. The mah physical divisions are a low-lying alluvial tract along the river (Bet) and the uplands (Dhaia)*. The River Sutlej: The river Sutlej debouches from the Siwaliks just above Rupar some 20 miles east of the boundary of Samrala ta}l'~il, it flows due west along the district -for some 60 miles, and turns, as it leaves Jagraon tahsil, slightly to the north towards its junction with the Beas·. The Budha Nala : Immediately under the high bank along the old course of the Sutlej now runs a perennial stream called the Budha Nala which takes its rise near Chamkaur, in the I~npar tahsil of Ambala, and enters this district under Bahlolpur. Pas"ing ju~t below the town of Ludhiana it flows into the Sutlej in tahsil J agraon, a few miles ea~t of the Ferozepur border •• Geo'ogy. There is nothing of geological interest in the district 8S it is situated entirely on the alluvium.-· Archaeology . The district ha~ few monuments of antiquity. There are a number of mosques and other Muhammaden monuments. Done of any great importance. The oldest and anost int~resdng is a ·Reptodwced from the Luc:lhiana Diatrict . GHettear.t904, pases t a.,.d 1. 2 building resembling a mosque two miles east of Sohana. It' is said to have been built by Mo~ammad of Ghor in 1191 A. D. There are few Hindu" telbples' o~· interest. The oldest is the Math of Nikka Mal at Hatur which was in existence in the reign of Hurnayun : there is a temple of Mari Guga at" Chhnpar, huilt at the beginning of the nineteenth century, where a great fair is held annually. There are the remains'of Sikh Forts at Lahon and Ganjrana. There is a Sikh temple at Machhiwara, the Gurdwara of the Guru Sahih, huilt, by Sodhi Karm Singh to commemorate a visit of Gllru Govind Sillgh; the place of the Sodhis at Machhiwara iq now quite' a ruin*. Climate. The climate in general is t hat of the Punjab plains. The Siwaliks are too far off to have much effect, and the Ferozepore district acts as a bl1fer hetween Ludh'iamt and the de~ert of Bikanir; conseqently the hot winds and dUot Rtorms. that ravage Fcrozepore in the hot weather are not felt with the same severity in this district. Within the district there arC' considerable variations of climate. The Dhaia is dry and healthy, though it'has suffered in both respects from the opelling of the canal. The Bet and the uplands, immediately overhanging the Budha Nala, are damp and malarious. The town of Ludhiana (s very badly situated in this respect, but l\Iachhiwara Kum and Bahlolpur are even worsc*. Rainfall. The district enjoys a comparativt!ly good rainfall. The yearly average for the decade ending 1940-49 is shown below for the three tahsil-towns of the district :- Inchefol Samrala 3 I ·66 Ludhiana. Jagraon It will be seen that Samrala gets a slight advantage from i~S' comparative proximity to the Siwalik, while the shortage In Jagraon suggests the neighbourhood of Ferozepore. History:- The district takes its name from its headquarters town, Ludhiana, which owes its origin to the building of a fort during the government of the Lodi Sultans (1451-1526) by • Reproduced from the Ludhiaha District Gazetteer-1940. 3 one Niht'ng" Kh~n Lodi., At that time, Sutlej flowed at the place where the Budha Nala flows now",just Rear th., fort. As the site was on the main highway from Lahore to Delhi, the town grew in . impt>rtance. The original ha"'tation was almost under the walls of the fort. During the period of Sikh rule, Ludhiana was not an important place. When' the Cis· Sutlej States of the Sikh rulers came, under the British protection in 180Q. it became a Cantonment. An English force under Col. Oc:hterloney wa, stationed here on the frontier of Raniit Singh's kingdom. The whole area from the fort upto village Rajpura·· wa~ studded with hunqalow~ and the, Rakh was developed into a zoo, enclosed by railing~. No trace of the bungalows Of the zoo, except a small kio'\k·like structure near t he present Dayanand Hospital and the ruins of the "Sheesh Mahal" near the King George Memorial ~ Tank, can be seen. now~ During the upheaval of 18.57. when some revolt~ng troops occupied the fort and were alleged to have been helped by the locals, all houses within 200 y~lrds of the fort were raised to ground and the present site of the town of Lndhiana became inhabited.'. The opening of Or. Brown's Mi~sior. Hospital and the Mission School were events· of great importance.