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Q1. Human Activities Affect the Environment Q1. Human activities affect the environment. (a) List A gives four human activities. List B gives the effect of the activities on the environment. Draw one line from each human activity in List A to its effect on the environment in List B. List A List B Human activity Effect on the environment Adds methane to the atmosphere Digging a new quarry Pollutes hedges around fields Spraying pesticides on crops Reduces the land available for wild animals Growing rice Produces lots of litter Driving cars that release sulfur dioxide Produces acid rain (4) (b) Human activities are increasing global warming . Give two effects of global warming on the environment. 1...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ 2...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (2) (Total 6 marks) Page 1 of 25 Q2. There are plans for a ‘cattle factory’ to be built in the UK. Information about the cattle factory and traditional cattle farming in the UK is given below. Cattle factory by Pirhan [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Flickr. Traditional cattle farming by Mat Fascione[CC-BY-SA-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons Cattle factory • There will be over 8 000 cows in three large sheds. • Each cow will be milked three times a day. • Each cow will produce about 50 litres of milk every day. • Waste will be collected and used to produce electricity for 2 000 homes. • Cows are kept near to each other so disease can spread easily. Traditional cattle farming • Most farms have between 5 and 500 cows. • The cows spend most of the time in fields. • Cows are milked once or twice a day. • Each cow produces up to 20 litres of milk a day. • The waste is used as natural fertiliser for crops. (a) Use the information to answer the questions. (i) Give two reasons why some people think the cattle factory is a good idea. 1 ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................... (2) Page 2 of 25 (ii) Give two reasons why some people think traditional farming is better than the cattle factory. 1 ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................... (2) (b) The diagram shows what happens to 100 kJ of energy in the food eaten by a cow on a traditional farm. By Dohduhdah (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons Use your knowledge and the information in the diagram to answer this question. Compare the transfer of energy from the food eaten by cows in the cattle factory with the energy transferred by cows on a traditional farm. Use words from the box to complete the table. more less the same Amount of energy transferred by Energy cows in a cattle factory compared with cows on a traditional farm transferred for growth and milk transferred in respiration (2) Page 3 of 25 (Total 6 marks) Q3. The photographs show some ways in which humans affect the environment. (a) Coal-burning power stations give off smoke. The smoke contains many different gases. By Norbert Kaiser (English: own work.) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. carbon dioxide. (i) The gas which causes global warming is oxygen. sulfur dioxide. (1) methane. (ii) The gas which causes acid rain is oxygen. sulfur dioxide. (1) Page 4 of 25 (b) The photograph shows a quarry. By Thomas Bjørkan (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0], via Wikimedia Commons Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. releases methane into the atmosphere. (i) Quarrying increases biodiversity. reduces land available for animals and plants. (1) metals. (ii) Quarrying can be reduced by recycling paper. plastic (1) Page 5 of 25 (c) The photograph shows a farmer spraying fruit trees. Photograph supplied by Hemera/Thinkstock Chemicals in the spray kill insects on the trees. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence. fertiliser. (i) The spray contains herbicide. pesticide. (1) kill other animals. (ii) The chemical in the spray might also kill plants. increase biodiversity. (1) (Total 6 marks) Page 6 of 25 Q4. The graph shows changes in temperature and in carbon dioxide concentration in the earth’s atmosphere between 1860 and 1990. (a) Give two human activities which may have helped to increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 1 ............................................................................................................................... 2 ............................................................................................................................... (2) (b) (i) Describe the changes in temperature shown by the graph between 1860 and 1990. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (2) (ii) Do the data in the graph prove that increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere caused the changes in temperature you described in part (b)(i)? Give a reason for your answer. ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... (1) Page 7 of 25 (c) Describe one way in which a change in temperature such as that shown in the graph might affect the environment. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (1) (Total 6 marks) Q5. There are many ways to increase the efficiency of food production. (a) The table shows the energy available to humans from two different food chains. Energy transferred to humans Food chain in kJ per hectare of crop Wheat → humans 900 000 Wheat → pigs → humans 90 000 (i) Compare the amount of energy the two food chains transfer to humans. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1) (ii) Give one reason for the difference in the amount of energy the two food chains transfer to humans. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... (1) Page 8 of 25 (b) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. Give methods used in the factory farming of animals. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................
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