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What Is Threat Hunting?
$whoami ◎ Apurv Singh Gautam (@ASG_Sc0rpi0n) ◎ Security Researcher, Threat Intel/Hunting ◎ Cybersecurity @ Georgia Tech ◎ Prior: Research Intern at ICSI, UC Berkeley ◎ Hobbies ◎ Contributing to the security community ◎ Gaming/Streaming (Rainbow 6 Siege) ◎ Hiking, Lockpicking ◎ Social ◎ Twitter - @ASG_Sc0rpi0n ◎ Website – https://apurvsinghgautam.me 2 Agenda ◎ Introduction to the Dark Web ◎ Why hunting on the Dark Web? ◎ Methods to hunt on the Dark Web ◎ Can the Dark Web hunting be automated? ◎ Overall Picture ◎ OpSec? What’s that? ◎ Conclusion 3 Clear Web? Deep Web? Dark Web? 5 Image Source: UC San Diego Library Accessing the Dark Web ◎ Tor /I2P/ZeroNet ◎ .onion domains/.i2p domains ◎ Traffic through relays Image Sources: Hotspot Shield, Tor Project, I2P Project, ZeroNet 6 What’s all the Hype? ◎ Hype ○ Vast and mysterious part of the Internet ○ Place for cybercriminals only ○ Illegal to access the Dark Web ◎ Reality ○ Few reachable onion domains ○ Uptime isn’t ideal ○ Useful for free expression in few countries ○ Popular sites like Facebook, NYTimes, etc. ○ Legal to access the Dark Web 7 Relevant site types? ◎ General Markets ◎ PII & PHI ◎ Credit Cards ◎ Digital identities ◎ Information Trading ◎ Remote Access ◎ Personal Documents ◎ Electronic Wallets ◎ Insider Threats Image Source: Intsights 8 Sites Examples 9 Cost of products? ◎ SSN - $1 ◎ Fake FB with 15 friends - $1 ◎ DDoS Service - $7/hr ◎ Rent a Hacker - $12/hr ◎ Credit Card - $20+ ◎ Mobile Malware - $150 ◎ Bank Details - $1000+ ◎ Exploits or 0-days - $150,000+ ◎ Critical databases - $300,000+ 10 Product Examples 11 Image Source: Digital Shadows 12 Image Source: Digital Shadows 13 What is Threat Hunting? ◎ Practice of proactively searching for cyber threats ◎ Hypothesis-based approach ◎ Uses advanced analytics and machine learning investigations ◎ Proactive and iterative search 15 Why So Serious (Eh! Important)? ◎ Hacker forums, darknet markets, dump shops, etc. -
Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 1 / 32 Historical Censorship
INTERNET CENSORSHIP AND RESISTANCE Joseph Bonneau [email protected] (thanks to Steven Murdoch) Computer Laboratory Gates Scholars' Symposium 2010 Joseph Bonneau (University of Cambridge) Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 1 / 32 Historical Censorship He who controls the past controls the future, and he who controls the present controls the past —George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty Four, 1949 Joseph Bonneau (University of Cambridge) Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 2 / 32 Historical Censorship He who controls the past controls the future, and he who controls the present controls the past —George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty Four, 1949 Joseph Bonneau (University of Cambridge) Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 2 / 32 Information as a Human Right Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expres- sion; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without inter- ference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. —Article 19, UN Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Joseph Bonneau (University of Cambridge) Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 3 / 32 Information as a Human Right The final freedom, one that was probably inherent in what both President and Mrs. Roosevelt thought about and wrote about all those years ago, ... is the freedom to connect—the idea that governments should not prevent people from con- necting to the internet, to websites, or to each other... a new information curtain is descending across much of the world. —Hillary Clinton, US Secretary of State (2010) Joseph Bonneau (University of Cambridge) Internet Censorship and Resistance May 15, 2009 3 / 32 The Internet Dream The Net treats censorship as damage and routes around it. -
An Investigation Into the Security and Privacy of Ios VPN Applications
An Investigation Into the Security and Privacy of iOS VPN Applications Jack Wilson Division of Cybersecurity School of Design and Informatics Abertay University, Dundee A thesis submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours in Ethical Hacking 1st May 2018 Word Count: 11,448 Abstract Due to the increasing number of recommendations for people to use VPN’s for privacy reasons, more app developers are creating VPN apps and publishing them on the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. In this ‘gold rush’, apps are being developed quickly and, in turn, not being developed with security fully in mind. This paper investigated a selection of free VPN applications available on the Apple App Store (for iOS devices) and test the apps for security and privacy. This includes testing for any traffic being transmitted over plain HTTP, DNS leakage and transmission of personally-identifiable information (such as phone number, IMEI 1, email address, MAC address) and evaluating the security of the tunnelling protocol used by the VPN. The testing methodology involved installing free VPN apps on a test device (an iPhone 6 running iOS 11), simulating network traffic for a pre-defined period of time and capturing the traffic (either through ARP spoofing, or through a proxy program such as Burpsuite). This allows for all traffic to be analysed to check for anything being sent without encryption. Other issues that often cause de-anonymisation with VPN applications such as DNS leakage can be tested using websites such as dnsleaktest.com. The research found several common security issues with the VPN applications that were tested, with a large majority of the applications tested failing to implement HTTPS. -
Review of the EU Copyright Framework
Review of the EU copyright framework European Implementation Assessment Review of the EU copyright framework: The implementation, application and effects of the "InfoSoc" Directive (2001/29/EC) and of its related instruments European Implementation Assessment Study In October 2014, the Committee on Legal Affairs (JURI) requested from the European Parliament Research Service (EPRS) an Ex Post Impact Assessment on Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (InfoSoc). This EPRS publication was originally commissioned in the context of JURI's own- initiative implementation report, which was adopted in Plenary in July 2015, Rapporteur Julia Reda MEP. However, it is also relevant to the work of JURI Committees' Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights and Copyright (CWG), chaired by Jean Marie Cavada MEP. Furthermore, this request was made in the wider context of the Commission's review of the EU legislative framework on copyright, and the ensuing legislative proposals, which have been a long time in the planning and which are now expected for the 4th quarter of 2015. The objective of these proposals is to modernise the EU copyright framework, and in particular the InfoSoc Directive, in light of the digital transformation. Accordingly, in response to the JURI request, the Ex-Post Impact Assessment Unit of the European Parliament Research Service decided to produce a "European Implementation Assessment on the review of the EU copyright framework". Implementation reports of EP committees are now routinely accompanied by European Implementation Assessments, drawn up by the Ex-Post Impact Assessment Unit of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value, within the European Parliament's Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services. -
User Guide Contents
USER GUIDE CONTENTS What's new 4 About Magnet OUTRIDER 5 Getting started with Magnet OUTRIDER 6 System requirements 6 Use Magnet OUTRIDER on a dongle 6 Use a trial license of Magnet OUTRIDER 6 Understanding changes made to the system 7 Detecting Bitlocker encrypted drives 8 Scanning a target 9 Scan a computer 9 Encryption screening 9 Scan an external drive 10 Scan a folder 10 Configuring scan options 11 Locate files and apps settings 11 Collect artifacts and scan browser history settings 13 CSAM Detection Technology settings 14 Scan options 15 Reporting options 16 Miscellaneous options 16 Adding keywords and NCMEC report data to a search 17 Import a keyword list or NCMEC report data 17 View a keyword list or NCMEC report data 17 Export a keyword list or NCMEC report data 18 Reviewing scan results 19 Mark a CRC CSAM hit as a false positive 19 Starting a new scan 20 Supported application categories 20 Viewing and exporting scan reports 22 View scan reports 22 Navigating your scan report folder 22 Contents of scan reports 23 View and export an error list 23 Exporting filename keyword hits and CRC CSAM hits 25 Export filename keyword hits or CRC CSAM hits 25 Export a list of saved hits 25 Updating Magnet OUTRIDER 27 Update Magnet OUTRIDER manually 27 Automatically check for updates 27 User Guide WHAT'S NEW VERSION DESCRIPTION 2.1.0 l Updated Configuring scan options with information about scanning connected networks, new supported operating system artifacts, and customizing case and report locations. 2.0.0 l Updated Reviewing scan results with information about new supported apps. -
Peer-To-Peer Protocol and Application Detection Support
Peer-to-Peer Protocol and Application Detection Support This appendix lists all the protocols and applications currently supported by Cisco ASR 5500 ADC. • Supported Protocols and Applications, page 1 Supported Protocols and Applications This section lists all the supported P2P protocols, sub-protocols, and the applications using these protocols. Important Please note that various client versions are supported for the protocols. The client versions listed in the table below are the latest supported version(s). Important Please note that the release version in the Supported from Release column has changed for protocols/applications that are new since the ADC plugin release in August 2015. This will now be the ADC Plugin Build number in the x.xxx.xxx format. The previous releases were versioned as 1.1 (ADC plugin release for December 2012 ), 1.2 (ADC plugin release for April 2013), and so on for consecutive releases. New in this Release This section lists the supported P2P protocols, sub-protocols and applications introduced in the ADC Plugin release for December 1, 2017. ADC Administration Guide, StarOS Release 21.6 1 Peer-to-Peer Protocol and Application Detection Support New in this Release Protocol / Client Client Version Group Classification Supported from Application Release 6play 6play (Android) 4.4.1 Streaming Streaming-video ADC Plugin 2.19.895 Unclassified 6play (iOS) 4.4.1 6play — (Windows) BFM TV BFM TV 3.0.9 Streaming Streaming-video ADC Plugin 2.19.895 (Android) Unclassified BFM TV (iOS) 5.0.7 BFM — TV(Windows) Clash Royale -
Everyone's Guide to Bypassing Internet Censorship
EVERYONE’S GUIDE TO BY-PASSING INTERNET CENSORSHIP FOR CITIZENS WORLDWIDE A CIVISEC PROJECT The Citizen Lab The University of Toronto September, 2007 cover illustration by Jane Gowan Glossary page 4 Introduction page 5 Choosing Circumvention page 8 User self-assessment Provider self-assessment Technology page 17 Web-based Circumvention Systems Tunneling Software Anonymous Communications Systems Tricks of the trade page 28 Things to remember page 29 Further reading page 29 Circumvention Technologies Circumvention technologies are any tools, software, or methods used to bypass Inter- net filtering. These can range from complex computer programs to relatively simple manual steps, such as accessing a banned website stored on a search engine’s cache, instead of trying to access it directly. Circumvention Providers Circumvention providers install software on a computer in a non-filtered location and make connections to this computer available to those who access the Internet from a censored location. Circumvention providers can range from large commercial organi- zations offering circumvention services for a fee to individuals providing circumven- tion services for free. Circumvention Users Circumvention users are individuals who use circumvention technologies to bypass Internet content filtering. 4 Internet censorship, or content filtering, has become a major global problem. Whereas once it was assumed that states could not control Internet communications, according to research by the OpenNet Initiative (http://opennet.net) more than 25 countries now engage in Internet censorship practices. Those with the most pervasive filtering policies have been found to routinely block access to human rights organi- zations, news, blogs, and web services that challenge the status quo or are deemed threatening or undesirable. -
Shedding Light on Mobile App Store Censorship
Shedding Light on Mobile App Store Censorship Vasilis Ververis Marios Isaakidis Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany University College London, London, UK [email protected] [email protected] Valentin Weber Benjamin Fabian Centre for Technology and Global Affairs University of Telecommunications Leipzig (HfTL) University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS This paper studies the availability of apps and app stores across app stores, censorship, country availability, mobile applications, countries. Our research finds that users in specific countries do China, Russia not have access to popular app stores due to local laws, financial reasons, or because countries are on a sanctions list that prohibit ACM Reference Format: Vasilis Ververis, Marios Isaakidis, Valentin Weber, and Benjamin Fabian. foreign businesses to operate within its jurisdiction. Furthermore, 2019. Shedding Light on Mobile App Store Censorship. In 27th Conference this paper presents a novel methodology for querying the public on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization Adjunct (UMAP’19 Ad- search engines and APIs of major app stores (Google Play Store, junct), June 9–12, 2019, Larnaca, Cyprus. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 6 pages. Apple App Store, Tencent MyApp Store) that is cross-verified by https://doi.org/10.1145/3314183.3324965 network measurements. This allows us to investigate which apps are available in which country. We primarily focused on the avail- ability of VPN apps in Russia and China. Our results show that 1 INTRODUCTION despite both countries having restrictive VPN laws, there are still The widespread adoption of smartphones over the past decade saw many VPN apps available in Russia and only a handful in China. -
Psiphon User Guide
PSIPHON USER GUIDE Psiphon is a free and open source web proxy that helps internet users bypass content-filtering systems used by governments in countries like China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam. It was developed by the Citizen Lab's CiviSec Project at the University of Toronto and was first released in December 2006. In this how to guide, learn how to provide a proxy service to someone behind a firewall with psiphon . If you are behind a firewall and want to learn how to connect to psiphon and access blocked content, check out this how to guide . Psiphon, unlike other circumvention services, is not intended to be a public, open proxy service. It’s based on a “web of trust” system so psiphon nodes are harder to block. What this means is that a person in an unrestricted location (one that is not behind a firewall) provides a psiphon proxy service to a person they are familiar with who is going online in a place where online access is limited. This is known as a psiphonode . A psiphonite is a psiphon user living in a censored country. The psiphonite connects to a psiphonode (set up by someone they know and trust) to access information freely. NOTE: Psiphon only works on Windows and Linux. There is no Mac version yet. Step 1. First, you should be in a location where you have open access to the internet. You should know someone in another location where access is limited. You will be providing a psiphonode for this person. Tip! If you do not know any psiphon users, but still want to provide a psiphonode, you can find users on psiphon’s Facebook page or Twitter page. -
Threat Modeling and Circumvention of Internet Censorship by David Fifield
Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship By David Fifield A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Professor Deirdre Mulligan Professor Vern Paxson Fall 2017 1 Abstract Threat modeling and circumvention of Internet censorship by David Fifield Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science University of California, Berkeley Professor J.D. Tygar, Chair Research on Internet censorship is hampered by poor models of censor behavior. Censor models guide the development of circumvention systems, so it is important to get them right. A censor model should be understood not just as a set of capabilities|such as the ability to monitor network traffic—but as a set of priorities constrained by resource limitations. My research addresses the twin themes of modeling and circumvention. With a grounding in empirical research, I build up an abstract model of the circumvention problem and examine how to adapt it to concrete censorship challenges. I describe the results of experiments on censors that probe their strengths and weaknesses; specifically, on the subject of active probing to discover proxy servers, and on delays in their reaction to changes in circumvention. I present two circumvention designs: domain fronting, which derives its resistance to blocking from the censor's reluctance to block other useful services; and Snowflake, based on quickly changing peer-to-peer proxy servers. I hope to change the perception that the circumvention problem is a cat-and-mouse game that affords only incremental and temporary advancements. -
Best VPN Services in 2017 (Speed, Cost & Usability Reviews)
10/8/2017 Best VPN Services in 2017 (Speed, Cost & Usability Reviews) Best VPN Services VPN Reviews & In-Depth Comparisons Brad Smith Sep 18, 2017 With the help of John & Andrey (https://thebestvpn.com/contact-us/), we’ve put together a list of best VPNs. We compared their download/upload speed, support, usability, cost, servers, countries and features. We also analyzed their TOS to see if they keep logs or not and whether they allow P2P and work with Netflix. here’s a link to the spreadsheet (https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/11IZdVCBjVvbdaKx2HKz2hKB4F Z_l8nRJXXubX4FaQj4/) You want to start using a VPN, but don’t know which software/service to use? In this page, we’ve reviewed 30+ most popular VPN services (on going process). In order to find out which are best VPNs, we spent some time on research and speed testing: 1. Installed 30+ VPN software on our personal devices, such as Windows, Mac, Android and iOS and compared their usability. 2. Performed Download/Upload speed tests on speedtest.net to see which had best performing servers. 3. Double checked if they work with Netflix and allow P2P. 4. Read their TOS to verify if they keep logs or not. 5. Compared security (encryption and protocols). That means we’ve dug through a large number of privacy policies (on logging), checked their features, speed, customer support and usability. If you know a good VPN provider that is not listed here, please contact us and we’ll test it out as soon as possible. 5 Best VPNs for Online Privacy and Security Here are the top 5 VPN services of 2017 after our research, analysis, monitoring, testing, and verifying. -
The Future of Anonymity and Censorship Resistant Publishing
The Future of Anonymity and Censorship Resistant Publishing Steven J. Murdoch http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/sjm217 Computer Laboratory www.torproject.org FIDIS/IFIP Internet Security & Privacy Summer School, 1–7 September 2008, Masaryk University, Czech Republic Many countries censor the Internet • Out of the 40 countries studied by the OpenNet Initiative in 2006, 26 censored the Internet in some way • The types of material censored varied depending on country, for example: • Human Rights (blocked in China) • Religion (blocked in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Bahrain) • Pornography (blocked in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Bahrain, Singapore, Burma, . ) • Other issues censored include: military and militant websites; sex education, alcohol/drugs, music; gay and lesbian websites; news, online communities Many countries censor the Internet • Out of the 40 countries studied by the OpenNet Initiative in 2006, 26 censored the Internet in some way • The types of material censored varied depending on country, for example: • Human Rights (blocked in China) • Religion (blocked in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Bahrain) • Pornography (blocked in Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Bahrain, Singapore, Burma, . ) • Other issues censored include: military and militant websites; sex education, alcohol/drugs, music; gay and lesbian websites; news, online communities Many countries censor the Internet • Out of the 40 countries studied by the OpenNet Initiative in 2006, 26 censored the Internet in some way • The types of material censored varied depending on country, for example: