University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 12-2016 Initiating Race: Fraternal Organizations, Racial Identity, and Public Discourse in American Culture, 1865-1917 John D. Treat University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, History of Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Treat, John D., "Initiating Race: Fraternal Organizations, Racial Identity, and Public Discourse in American Culture, 1865-1917" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1773. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/1773 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact
[email protected],
[email protected]. Initiating Race: Fraternal Organizations, Racial Identity, and Public Discourse in American Culture, 1865-1917 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by John D. Treat Lyon College Bachelor of Arts in Religion and Philosophy, 1991 Harvard University Master of Divinity, 1994 December 2016 University of Arkansas This dissertation is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. __________________________________ Dr. Beth Barton Schweiger Dissertation Director __________________________________ __________________________________ Dr. Michael Pierce Dr. Calvin White, Jr. Committee Member Committee Member __________________________________ Dr. Patrick Williams Committee Member Abstract Drawing on ritual books, organizational records, newspaper accounts, and the data available from cemetery headstones and census records, this work argues that adult fraternal organizations were key to the formation of civic discourse in the United States from the years following the Civil War to World War I.