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Management Challenges in the Era of Globalization Edited by $QQD.XŞPLİVND MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION EDITED BY ANNA KUŹMIŃSKA WARSAW 2019 Reviewers: Prof. Eugene Burnstein – University of Michigan, USA Dr Adam Stivers – Gonzaga University, USA Prof. Alireza Khorakian – Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Prof. zw. dr hab. Jerzy Kisielnicki – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Prof. zw. dr hab. Grażyna Wieczorkowska-Wierzbińska – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Wierzbiński – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Prof. dr. hab. Przemysław Hensel – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr hab. Renata Karkowska – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr hab. Marta Postuła – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr hab. Igor Postuła – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr hab. Anna Pawłowska – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr hab. Maciej Bernatt – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Dr Marzena Starnawska – Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland Editorial Supervision: Jerzy Jagodziński Cover design: Agnieszka Miłaszewicz The project “Multicultural Management in the Era of Globalization” is realised by the Faculty of Manage- ment at University of Warsaw on the basis of the legal agreement no POWR.03.02.00-00-I053/16-00 within the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development 2014-2020 financed through the EU Struc- tural Funds. © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania, Uniwersytetu Warszaw- skiego, Warsaw 2019 ISBN (on-line): 978-83-65402-94-3 DOI: 10.7172/978-83-65402-94-3.2019.wwz.3 Typesetting: Dom Wydawniczy ELIPSA ul. Inflancka 15/198, 00-189 Warszawa tel. 22 635 03 01, e-mail: [email protected] Contents Preface . 7 PART 1 EMPIRICAL PAPERS Who Doesn't Want to Share Leadership? The Role of Personality, Control Preferences, and Political Orientation in Preferences for Shared vs. Focused Leadership in Teams A. Kuźmińska, D. Schulze, & A. Koval . 11 The Correlates of Two Types of Leadership Motivation K. Nowak & R. Mahari . 28 Identifying Differences in Values: Comparison between Iran and Poland A. Yousefpour . 41 Gender Gap on the Job Market: Poland vs. Iran M. Simkowska-Gawron & Z. Momenfar . 57 Two Approaches to Analyzing Data of Project Teams K. Nowak & K. Pietrzak. 79 Employees’ Predispositions to Routinised Work: Measurement Issues G. Wieczorkowska & W. Karczewski . 94 The Investigation of a Weak Form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis: Evidence From Stock Markets in the European Union J. Karasiński . 107 PART 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS The Challenges of Knowledge Workers Management Ł. Pietrzak . 117 Quality Systems at Universities in Academics' Perception: A Systematic Literature Review A. Łęgocka. 123 6 Contents Perspectives for More Inclusive and Impactful Fair Trade. Analysis of the Handloom Industry in Nepal K. Osterczuk. 142 Refugees or Immigrants – How Does it Matter for Entrepreneurship? Systematic Review of Refugee Entrepreneurship Literature Inspired by the Immigrant Entrepreneurship Research N. Łazarczyk-Bilal . 153 Developing Employee Adaptive Behaviors by Organizational Employability Culture in the Flexible Human Resource Management. Scholars’ Perspective L. Shoraka . 163 The Dark Side of Extra Role Behaviors: Investigating the Link between Extra-role and Counterproductive Behaviors in Organizations using Moral Licensing Theory A. Sodeiri. 178 The Future of Corporate Bonds - Collateral, Risks, New Legal Regulations E. Ciborowska . 191 Main Barriers of the Implementation of the Blockchain Technology J. Zadrożny . 197 Preface We live in the times of an overflow of scientific publications (Siebert, Machesky, & Insall, 2015; Wieczorkowska, Król, Wierzbiński, 2016). The number of abstracts indexed by the leading U.S. secondary publishers increased from 555,000 in 1957 to 3.7 million in 1997 (Kaser, 1998) and this tendency continued to grow, with more and more journals appearing every year (Thompson, 2005). As an overflow of knowledge may result in shallow processing of information, it is important to always ask oneself a question – why to publish yet another volume? The authors that contributed to this volume are mostly PhD students (in two cases with their supervisors) participating in the “Multicultural Management in the Era of Globalization” PhD program1 realized by the Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw and financed through the EU structural funds. Many of them are publishing for the first time in their lives! The chapter of our youngest contributor – Raphael Mahari – is based on the analyses performed during his scientific internship at the University of Warsaw, completed after graduating from high school in Switzerland and before starting his further academic career in the US. All these young scientists faced a challenge of presenting a linear line of argumentation and starting a public debate on their ideas. For this reason, this volume might not be offering many answers, but is full of interesting questions and new, potentially fruitful research paths. The strong point of the volume is its multicultural perspective. The authors come from Poland, Iran, Germany, Ukraine, and Switzerland. In the context of globalization, it is important to look at the variety of managerial issues, from a variety of viewpoints. Hence, the subjects of the chapters touch on a number of problems: leadership, entrepreneurship, knowledge management, stock markets, blockchain technology, and many more. To organize the chapters we loosely grouped them into two main parts. The first consists of empirical papers, the second – literature reviews aimed at discovering and pointing to relevant research gaps worth of further, empirical exploration. In the empirical part: • Anna Kuźmińska, Dominic Schulze, & Anna Koval reported the results of a study performed on 184 U.S. respondents, investigating whether one can predict people’s preference for shared vs. focused leadership in teams based on their personality, control preferences, and political orientation; • Krzysztof Nowak & Raphael Mahari analyzed the responses of 580 future or current employees who completed the Survey of Activity Styles in search of personality correlates of the two types of potential leaders – both characterized by high power motivation, but differing in affiliation motivation; • Afsaneh Yousefpour used the World Value Survey data (2005–2007) to investigate the differences in basic human values between Iran and Poland, with the moderating role of age and education level; • Magdalena Simkowska & Zahra Momenfar compared the gender gap on the job market in Iran and Poland and illustrated it with the analysis of gender discrimination beliefs among the respondents of the fifth wave of World Value Survey (2667 Iranians and 1000 Poles); 1 Legal agreement no POWR.03.02.00-00-I053/16-00 within the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development 2014-2020 8 Preface • Krzysztof Nowak & Kamila Pietrzak tested the impact of team size and team gender composition on team climate and compared the obtained results with three different statistical methods. The analyses were performed on 87 work teams from eight Polish companies (636 employees in total); • Grażyna Wieczorkowska & Wojciech Karczewski, reported the analyses of the data obtained from 1 132 employees of different corporations and their 4 748 colleagues, while discussing methodological issues of measurement in management science,; • Jacek Karasiński analyzed the main indexes of eight selected stock exchanges in the European Union in the years 2000-2017 to investigate the Weak Form of the Efficient Market Hypothesis; In the literature review part: • Łukasz Pietrzak described the challenges of managing teams composed of knowledge workers; • Agnieszka Łęgocka presented a systematic literature review of the scholars’ perception of newly introduced quality system and the corporatization of universities; • Karolina Osterczuk performed an analysis of handloom industry in Nepal and discussed the possibilities for fair international collaboration between craftsmen and designers; • Nina Łazarczyk-Bilal reviewed the literature on entrepreneurial experiences of refugees and immigrants; • Leila Schoraka focused on the role of employability culture in shaping employees’ employability in modern organizations characterized by flexible human resource management; • Atefeh Sodeiri employed moral licensing theory to discuss how employees who engage in Organizational Citizenship Behaviours may subsequently participate in counterproductive work behaviors; • Ewa Ciborowska focused on corporate bonds as one of the sources of financing for entrepreneurs, while also explaining the new legal regulations and the potential risks of using such a form of financing; • Jan Zadrożny reviewed the basic concepts related to blockchain technology, focusing on the technical, socio-organizational, and legal barriers of its implementation. All authors greatly benefited from the invaluable input and comments obtained from the international group of reviewers, which included Eugene Burnstein (University of Michigan, USA), Adam Stivers (Gonzaga University, USA), and Alireza Khorakian (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran), as well as eight reviewers from the University of Warsaw, Poland: Jerzy Kisielnicki, Przemysław Hensel, Renata Karkowska, Marta Postuła, Igor Postuła, Maciej Bernatt, Anna Pawłowska, Marzena Starnawska. We would also like to thank Maria Schulders and Marta Kabut for diligent proofreading of the chapters. Anna Kuźmińska Grażyna Wieczorkowska – Head of the PhD Program Literature