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Environmental Impact Survey on the Project for Reconstruction of Somalia Drive in the Republic of Liberia

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Environmental Impact Survey on the Project for Reconstruction of Somalia Drive in the Republic of Liberia MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA THE MASTER PLAN STUDY ON URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT IN MONROVIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY ON THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF SOMALIA DRIVE IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA FINAL REPORT March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL EID JR 09- 125 MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA THE MASTER PLAN STUDY ON URBAN FACILITIES RESTORATION AND IMPROVEMENT IN MONROVIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEY ON THE PROJECT FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF SOMALIA DRIVE IN THE REPUBLIC OF LIBERIA FINAL REPORT March 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY YACHIYO ENGINEERING CO., LTD. KATAHIRA & ENGINEERS INTERNATIONAL Exchange Rates: LRD 1.00=USD 0.014 USD 1.00 = JPY 93.13 (As of September 2009) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Government of Liberia is undertaking extensive road rehabilitation/construction Projects to construct new roads, as well rebuild deteriorated road networks that were destroyed as a result of the past civil conflict or that have outlived their lifespan. Through financial assistance from the development partners, the Government wishes to expand or upgrade the existing 2-lane Somalia Drive, on the outskirt of Monrovia, into 4-lane motor road. Purpose and Need The Somalia Drive, between the Freeport of Monrovia to Red Light, Paynesville, in Montserrado County, Liberia, is a very important road. This 13.7 kilometers road links the largest seaport and industrial complex at Freeport/Freezone to the largest market at Red Light and the rest of the interior of Liberia. It is presently a 2-lane road with no standard sidewalk and drainage system. The existing Somalia Drive is approximately 7.3 m by width and allows only one vehicle in each direction, with a broken center line to allow vehicles to pass slow moving traffic. The road was constructed in 1978 and originally intended to be 4-lane. However, only 2-lane was constructed and have been rehabilitated over the years, the most recent being a World Bank sponsored-Project in 2008. The shoulder of the road is unpaved and there is no sidewalk. There is also no drainage system to allow for floodwater movement during periods of rain, which is nearly half of the year. Economic and population growth in the settlements along the Somalia Drive have accelerated drastically since the construction of the existing road. With the rehabilitation of the port, expansion of stores and markets at Red Light and industrial activities in the interior, utilization of this road is expected to increase significantly over the coming years. In 2009, the daily traffic volume on the Somalia Drive was calculated at 24,500 Passenger Cars Unit (PCU) per day at the eastern section of the road. It is estimated that the volume in 2014 will increase to over 150% of road capacity at all stretches and traffic condition will be more serious. The present traffic congestion on the two-lane road is having significant economic losses and negative impact on the lives of the population in the settlements along the route. The upgrade of the road to a four- lane motor road will have immense positive impact and will ensure smooth traffic flow. Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework There are several policies, laws, and regulations specific to areas of environmental impact that affect the construction and rehabilitation of motor roads. As a matter of policy, Annex I (Section 6) (13) of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Liberia requires an Environmental & Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Projects that would have a significant impact on the environment. The construction and expansion/upgrading of road as indicated in Item 13 of the Annex is listed amongst those Projects requiring an Environmental Impact Assessment. As such, there is a statutory requirement for conducting an environmental impact assessment for the proposed Project. In addition, other existing pieces of international and national legislation and regulations have relevance to the development and implementation of this Project with regard to environmental and social concern. Policies, regulations and administrative frameworks expected to be met for the Project include those of the World Bank, the Liberian government and the Guidelines of JICA. Public and Site Stakeholder Participation and Comments As a part of the environmental impact assessment, the social aspect of the Project was also considered. At present, the shoulder of the Somalia drive, particular the left flank of the right-of-way intended for the i expansion, is greatly occupied. It is used mainly for commercial purposes including markets, nearby stalls, open garages and some residential premises.. Public consultations and scoping studies were conducted in accordance with the Section 11 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law of Liberia. The purpose of the scoping process is to identify, inform, and receive input from the affected stakeholders and interested parties, determine and narrow the scope of issues to be addressed in the ESIA, identify and define the significant environmental and social impacts that may be caused by the Project, ensure public participation, and ensure all relevant issues and alternatives are adequately addressed. During the public and site stakeholder meetings, various questions and concerns were raised regarding Project impacts mainly to PAP’s, soil, surface water, groundwater, air quality, noise, traffic, and socioeconomics. The Terms of Reference formulated from these processes assisted in the preparation of this ESIA and will also be utilized for a management plan. Description of Proposed Action The Government of Liberia requested the Government of Japan on the reconstruction and/or upgrade of the Somalia Drive into 4-lane motor road. The road will extend from the Freeport of Monrovia to the Red Light, Paynesville The Ministry of Public Works is the executing agency to undertake the expansion of the road. The Project will also include the construction of drainage, bridges, and other features associated with road construction. With a positive response and the provision of funding, a detail plan of the road will be undertaken. This will determine the exact land surface to be used, utilizing the present right-of-way on the left flank. A proper survey will be undertaken to accomplish this. If additional property must be purchased or PAPs to be relocated voluntarily, this will be done during this period, as would any review of environmental concerns or land in the area that might be impacted by the Project. Once the design plans are completed, the bids for the construction work will be solicited and awarded. The time of the day that construction will take place and detours set will be determined so as not to totally obstruct the flow of traffic on the existing road, particularly during rush hours; so that people are not seriously inconvenient. Alternatives to Proposed Action The formulation of alternatives for analysis in the ESIA involved the review of prior studies. Alternatives were evaluated for their ability to attain the Project goals and objectives and as the alternative analysis process merged with the environmental process, the safety and environmental need for a motor road link between the Freeport of Monrovia and Red Light was evaluated with consideration of environmental and social needs. Alternative 1 considers constructing 2-lane motor road north of the existing Somalia Drive. It will be a 12 kilometers road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 375 meters north of the Red Light Junction. Towards the Freeport of Monrovia, this road will link with the Jamaica Road and connect with the existing Somalia Drive. It is only 1.25 kilometers of the Somalia Drive that will be upgraded into 4-lane road. However, this alternative was withdrawn from consideration at this time as it is expected to lead to the involuntary relocation of many legitimate property owners along that route, penetrate the Stephen Tolbert Housing Estate, a low-income housing Project, as well as temper with the Mesurado wetland, which is a Ramsar Projected area. It is also inconsistent with the Poverty Reduction Strategy being fostered by the Government of Liberia in that it will cause the displacement of many persons. Alternative 2 considers constructing 2-lane motor road south of the existing Somalia Drive. It will be a 13 kilometers road connected to the Monrovia-Kakata Highway, about 325 meters south of the Red Light ii Junction. It connects with the United Nations Drive at about 150 meters south of the Freeport junction. This alternative was withdrawn from consideration as it is expected to lead to the involuntary relocation of many legitimate property owners along that route with the Paynesville and Bushrod Island areas. It is also expected to penetrate a vast portion of the Mesurado wetland, which is a Ramsar designated area. It is also inconsistent with the Poverty Reduction Strategy being fostered by the Government of Liberia in that it will cause the relocation of many persons. Under the No-Action Alternative, the short- and long-term environmental impacts identified of this ESIA would not occur. Conversely, the objectives of the Project would not be met, and easing the traffic problem between the Freeport and Red Light corridor will not be solved. While an alternative scenario may be considered over subsequent years, increase in population in the settlements along the route and increase in PCU of the road is likely to increase over the years, as predicted. This is going to result in a serious transport problem for the communities and road users. The proposed Project – expanding or upgrading the Somalia Drive to 4-lane motor road - will create a free flow of traffic along the route and ease the travel time for residents of settlements along the route.
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