Esperanta Jaro Unu Esperanto Year One
By: Brennon .D. Ramsey Esperanto Alphabet A B C Ĉ D E F G Ĝ H Ĥ I J Ĵ K L M N O P R S Ŝ T U Ŭ V Z
a b c ĉ d e f g ĝ h ĥ i j ĵ k l m n o p r s ŝ t u ŭ v z
1 Esperanto Word 1#
stelo star 2 Esperanto Word 2#
plumo pen 3 Esperanto Word 3#
pomo apple 4 Espernato Word 4#
libro book 5 Esperanto Colors verda bruna oranĝo purpura blua blanka
griza ruĝa rozkolora
ava nigra
The constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto was developed in the 1870s and 80s by L. L. Zamenhof, and rst published in 1887. The number of speak- ers has grown gradually over time, although it has not had much support from gov- ernments and international bodies, and has sometimes been outlawed or otherwise suppressed.
Zamenhof would later say that he had dreamed of a world language since he was a child. At rst he considered a revival of Latin, but after learning it in school he de- cided it was too complicated to be a common means of international communica- tion. When he learned English, he realised that verb conjugations were unnecessary, and that grammatical systems could be much simpler than he had expected. He still had the problem of memorising a large vocabulary, until he noticed two Russian signs labelled Швейцарская (švejtsarskaja, a porter's lodge — from швейцар švejtsar, a porter) and Кондитерская (konditerskaja, a confectioner's shop — from кондитер konditer, a confectioner). He then realised that a judicious use of axes could greatly decrease the number of root words needed for communication. He chose to take his word stock from Romance and Germanic, the languages that were most widely taught in schools around the world and would therefore be recogni- sable to the largest number of people.
Zamenhof taught an early version of the language to his high-school classmates. Then, for several years, he worked on translations and poetry to rene his creation. In 1895 he wrote, "I worked for six years perfecting and testing the language, even though it had seemed to me in 1878 that it was already completely ready." When he was ready to publish, the Czarist censors would not allow it. Stymied, he spent his time in translating works such as the Bible and Shakespeare. This enforced delay led to continued improvement. In July 1887 he published his Unua Libro (First Book), a basic introduction to the language. This was essentially the language spoken today.
At rst the movement grew most in the Russian empire and eastern Europe, but soon spread to western Europe and beyond: to Argentina in 1889; to Canada in 1901; to Algeria, Chile, Japan, Mexico, and Peru in 1903; to Tunisia in 1904; and to Australia, the United States, Guinea, Indochina, New Zealand, Tonkin, and Uruguay in 1905.
7 Esperanto Glossary aĉet/i to buy adiaŭ* good-bye aer/o air afabl/a kind, friendly afer/o matter, aair, thing Afrik/o* Africa agrabl/a pleasant, nice aĝ/o age ajn -ever (e.g. kiu ajn: whoever; iam ajn: whenever) akcept/i to accept akr/a* sharp akv/o water al to, towards (preposition) al/iĝ/i* to join (intrans.) al/ven/i* to arrive (intrans.) ali/a other almenaŭ at least (adverb) alt/a high, tall am/i to love, to like amas/o mass, crowd ambaŭ both amik/o friend Angl/o* Englishman
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