Availability of Water Supplies in Northwest Georgia
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
AVAILABILITY OF WATER SUPPLIES IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA by Charles W. Cressler, Marvin A. Franklin and Willis G. Hester STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner THE GEOLOGIC AND WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director ATLANTA 1976 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY IULLITIN 81 For convenience in selecting our reports from your bookshelves, they will be color-keyed across the spine by subject as follows: Red Valley & Ridge mapping and structural geology Dk. Purple Piedmont & Blue Ridge mapping and struc- tural geology Maroon Coastal Plain mapping and stratigraphy Lt. Green Paleontology Lt. Blue Coastal Zone studies Dk. Green Geochemical and Geophysical studies Dk. Blue Hydrology Olive Economic geology Mining directory Yellow Environmental studies Engineering studies Dk. Orange Bibliographies and lists of publications Brown Petroleum and natural gas Black Field trip guidebooks. Colors have been selected at random, and will be aug mented as new subjects are published. AVAILABILITY OF WATER SUPPLIES IN NORTHWEST GEORGIA by Charles W. Cressler, Marvin A. Franklin and Willis G. Hester STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Joe D. Tanner, Commissioner THE GEOLOGIC AND WATER RESOURCES DIVISION Sam M. Pickering, State Geologist and Division Director ATLANTA 1976 PREPARED IN COOPERATION WITH THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FACTORS FOR CONVERTING ENGLISH UNITS TO INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM (SI) UNITS The following factors may be used to convert the English units published herein to the International System of Units (SI). Multiply English units By To obtain SI units Feet (ft) .3048 metres (m) Miles (mi) 1.609 kilometres (km) Square miles (mi2) 2.590 square kilometres (km2) Gallons (gal) 3.785 litres (l) Million gallons (106 gal) 3785 cubic metres (m3) 3.785x1o-3 cubic hectometres (hm3) Gallons per minute (gal/min) .06309 litres per second (1/s) .6309 cubic decimetres per second ( dm 3 /s) 6.309x1o-5 cubic metres per second (m3/s) Million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 43.81 cubic decimetres per second ( dm 3 /s) .04381 cubic metres per second ( m 3 /s) ii CONTENTS Page Abstract . 1 Introduction 1 Purpose and scope 1 How to use this report . 1 Climate, physiography, and drainage 3 Previous investigations . 3 Acknowledgments 3 Water supplies 3 Wells 3 Springs 4 Streamflow 4 Occurrence of ground water 4 High-yielding wells . 4 Land subsidence and sinkhole formation . 6 Fluctuations in spring flow . 6 Pollution of wells and springs 10 Chemical quality of water 11 Selected References . 12 Appendix 13 Location, quantity, and chemical quality of well, spring, and surface water in the 10-county area of northwest Georgia: Bartow County 14 Catoosa County 24 Chattooga County 36 Dade County 48 Floyd County 57 Gordon County 74 Murray County 90 Polk County 100 Walker County. 114 Whitfield County . 128 lll ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 10 Map showing location of report area 2 20 Photograph of typical intermittent stream valley 0 5 30 Graph showing annual variation in spring flow in north west Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 40 Map showing location of Dickson Spring in Walker County 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 50 Graph showing discharge from Dickson Spring and rainfall recorded at LaFayette 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 60 l\lap showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Bartow County 15 7-90 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 7 0 Adairsville and vicinity 16 80 Peeples Valley area 17 90 Ladds and vicinity 18 100 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Catoosa County 25 11-140 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 110 Fort Oglethorpe and Lakeview area 0 26 120 Graysville and vicinity 0 0 27 130 East Boynton and vicinity 28 140 Ringgold and Shookville area 29 150 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Chattooga County 0 37 16-200 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 160 North Trion and vicinity 38 17 0 South Trion and Pennville area 39 180 Menlo and vicinity 0 0 0 40 190 Summerville and vicinity 41 200 Lyerly and vicinity 0 0 42 210 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Dade County 0 0 0 49 22-24 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: IV ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued Page Figure 220 New England and vicinity 50 230 South Trenton 0 51 240 Rising Fawn and vicinity 0 52 250 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Floyd County 58 26-340 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 260 Crystal Springs and vicinity 59 270 Armuchee and vicinity 0 60 280 Shannon and Hermitage area 61 290 Morrison's Campground and vicinity 62 300 Northeast Rome and vicinity 63 31. South Rome and north Lindale area 64 320 Southeast Lindale and Silver Creek area 65 330 Reeseburg and vicinity 0 66 340 Cave Spring and vicinity 67 350 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Gordon County 0 75 36-430 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 360 Sugar Valley and vicinity 0 76 370 North Calhoun and vicinity 0 77 380 Redbud and vicinity 78 390 Lilly Pond and vicinity 79 400 Blackwood and vicinity 80 41. Farmville and vicinity 81 420 Fairmount 82 430 Plainville and vicinity 83 440 Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Murray County 0 91 45--4 70 Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 450 Fashion and vicinity 92 460 Spring Place and vicinity 93 v ILLUSTRATIONS-Continued Page Figure 4 7. Vicinity of Georgia Highway 225, Murray Gordon County Line . 94 48. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Polk County . 101 49-55. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 49. Northwest Cedartown and vicinity 102 50. Northeast Cedartown and vicinity 103 51. Southwest Cedartown and vicinity 104 52. Southeast Cedartown and vicinity 105 53. Fish Creek and vicinity 106 54. North Rockmart and Aragon area 107 55. South Rockmart and Van Wert area 108 56. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Walker County 115 57-63. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 57. Flintstone and vicinity 116 58. South Rossville and Fairview area 117 59. North Chickamauga and vicinity 118 60. South Chickamauga and vicinity 119 61. Kensington and vicinity 120 62. LaFayette and vicinity. 121 63. Mount Carmel and vicinity 122 64. Map showing principal water-bearing units, location of springs and stream-gaging stations, Whitfield County . 129 65-70. Maps showing principal water-bearing units and location of favorable well sites: 65. Cohutta and vicinity 130 66. Varnell and vicinity . 131 67. Tunnel Hill and vicinity 132 68. Rocky Face and vicinity 133 69. Dalton and vicinity 134 70. South Dalton and vicinity 135 vi TABLES Page Table 1-5. Bartow County 1. Chemical analyses of well water 19 2. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 20 3. Chemical analyses of spring water 21 4. Summary of stream flows 22 5. Chemical analyses of streams 23 6-11. Catoosa County 6. Chemical analyses of well water 30 7. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day 31 8. Minimum estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day 32 9. Chemical analyses of spring water 33 10. Summary of stream flows 34 11. Chemical analyses of streams 35 12-16. Chattooga County 12. Chemical analyses of well water 43 13. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 44 14. Chemical analyses of spring water 45 15. Summary of stream flows 46 16. Chemical analyses of streams 47 17-20. Dade County 17. Chemical analyses of well water 53 18. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 54 19. Chemical analyses of spring water 55 20. Summary of stream flows 56 21-26. Floyd County 21. Chemical analyses of well water 68 22. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day . 69 23. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day . 70 24. Chemical analyses of spring water 71 vii TABLES-Continued Page Table 25. Summary of stream flows 72 26. Chemical analyses of streams 73 27-32. Gordon County 27. Chemical analyses of well water 84 28. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge more than 0.1 million gallons per day 85 29. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs that discharge less than 0.1 million gallons per day . 86 30. Chemical analyses of spring water 87 31. Summary of stream flows 88 32. Chemical analyses of streams 89 33-37. Murray County 33. Chemical analyses of well water 95 34. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs . 96 35. Chemical analyses of spring water 97 36. Summary of stream flows 98 37. Chemical analyses of streams 99 38-42. Polk County 38. Chemical analyses of well water 109 39. Minimum measured or estimated flow of springs. 110 40. Chemical analyses of spring water 111 41.