Contributions to Zoology, 85 (1) 37-65 (2016) Systematics of Ariantinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Helicidae), a new approach to an old problem Dick S.J. Groenenberg1, 4, Peter Subai2, Edmund Gittenberger1, 3 1 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9505, Sylviusweg 70, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands 2 Kronenberg 143, D-52074, Aachen, Germany 3 Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 4 E-mail:
[email protected] Key words: Ariantinae, classification, molecular phylogeny, morphology Abstract Fossil occurrences and age of taxa ...................................... 41 Genetic distances ..................................................................... 43 A new starting-point in Ariantinae systematics is presented by Systematics ................................................................................ 43 combining data on traditional shell morphology and genital Results ............................................................................................... 43 anatomy, with phylogeny reconstructions based on DNA se- Discussion ........................................................................................ 44 quence data. For nearly all genera and subgenera one or more Acknowledgements ........................................................................ 44 shells are depicted and drawings of the proximal part of the References ........................................................................................ 44 genital organs are shown to illustrate