St. Johns County Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan
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Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Need for Greenways and Blueways ........................................................................................................... 5 Greenways and Blueways Historical Perspective and Directives ........................................................... 7 United States Greenway Perspective ................................................................................................. 7 Florida’s Greenway Perspective ....................................................................................................... 7 Northeast Florida Regional Greenway Perspective .......................................................................... 8 St. Johns County’s Greenway and Blueway Perspective .................................................................. 9 Existing Programs and Resources .............................................................................................................13 St. Johns County Vision .............................................................................................................................25 Planning Process Summary .......................................................................................................................26 Development of GIS Maps and Data Layers ....................................................................................26 Environmental Planning, Cultural Features and Studies ..................................................................26 Public Workshops and Meetings ......................................................................................................27 Opportunities Summary.....................................................................................................................33 Plan Recommendations ..............................................................................................................................35 Design Standards and Trail Classifications ..............................................................................................38 Greenway Trail Types .......................................................................................................................38 Overall Design Objectives ................................................................................................................38 Design Guidelines .............................................................................................................................39 Additional Greenway Elements ........................................................................................................42 Blueway Trail Types..........................................................................................................................43 Signage...............................................................................................................................................44 Minimizing Use Conflicts..................................................................................................................45 Implementation ...........................................................................................................................................48 Land Acquisition Options .................................................................................................................48 Funding Mechanisms ........................................................................................................................52 Other Ways to Support Funding ........................................................................................................59 In-Kind Contributions........................................................................................................................59 Interdepartmental & Intergovernmental Coordination ......................................................................59 Trail Operation, Maintenance and Management ....................................................................................62 Operations .........................................................................................................................................62 Maintenance ......................................................................................................................................62 Maintenance Costs ............................................................................................................................66 Management ......................................................................................................................................69 Safety and Liability Issues ................................................................................................................69 Appendices Appendix A - Tabulation of questionnaire results Appendix B - Office of Greenways and Trails Florida Statues (F.S.) Chapter 260 Appendix C - St. Johns County’s Coastal and Mainland Visioning Documents Greenways and Blueways Directives Appendix D - List of major Recreational / Conservational Park Resources lying along SR A1A and the Intracoastal Waterway Appendix E - List of major Recreational / Conservational Park Resources lying along SR/CR 13 and St. Johns River Appendix F - List of major Recreational / Conservational Park Resources lying in the central portion of the County. St. Johns County Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan 1 Acknowledgements The consulting team of HDR would like to thank the St. Johns County Board of County Commissioners (BBC) for funding the County’s Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan. We would like to acknowledge the dedicated efforts of Vickie Renna, Project Manager with St. Johns County Planning Division; Shorty Robbins, Administrative Manager with St. Johns County’s Recreation and Parks Department; Tom Tibbitts, GIS Specialist with St. Johns County’s GIS Department; and Stephen Bowes, Outdoor Recreational Planner with the National Park Service Rivers, Trails and Conservation Assistance who has provided technical assistance on this project. We at HDR would also like to thank these individuals for their dedicated efforts of furthering the goals and promoting the St. Johns County Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan. In addition, we would like to thank the St. Johns County LAMP Board; Ray Bunton, SJRWMD Land Acquisition Manager; J.B. Miller, Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) District 3 Biologist; and Alexandra Weiss with DEP’s Office of Greenways and Trails for providing invaluable greenway and blueway master plan information. The Team would also like to acknowledge the citizens of St. Johns County who gave their time to attend and voice their support for the Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan effort. St. Johns County Greenway, Blueway & Trails Master Plan 2 Introduction What is a Greenway Trail? “Greenway” is defined in the Florida Statutes as a linear open space established along either a natural corridor, such as a riverfront, stream valley, or ridge-line, or over land along a railroad right-of-way converted to recreational use, a canal, a scenic road, or other route; any natural or landscaped course for pedestrian or bicycle passage; an open space connector linking parks, nature reserves, cultural features, or historic sites with each other and populated areas; or local strip or linear parks designated as a parkway or greenbelt. The major functions of a linear greenway open space are to protect and enhance the remaining natural, cultural and historical resources. These resources are vitally important to human health, well-being, aesthetic values and for maintaining functional native ecosystems. Greenways also assist in maintaining connectivity between conservation lands, federal, state and local parks, recreational areas, historical and cultural sites and surrounding neighborhoods and communities. Known for his walkable community concepts, planner Dan Burden stated, “ A trail offers its users awareness of their surroundings. Trails preserve vistas. Trails preserve ecosystems, which allow natural sounds to drown out urban sounds. Trails invite touch and discovery. Trails protect and preserve fragrance. The trail experience offers users feelings of bigness and connection with the earth. Trails unfold the mystery, offer surprise, and preserve the detail. In fact, well designed trails offer the hikers, bicyclists, skaters, or other adventurers new sensations each time they are used.” What is a Blueway? A Blueway is a navigable waterway, including its tributaries, lying adjacent to conservation areas, federal, state and local parks, open space, environmentally sensitive lands, wetlands and uplands are used by humans and wildlife alike. What are the benefits of Greenways and Blueways? Provides interconnectivity between humans and natural resources, green spaces, historical/ archaeological resources, and cultural resources; Promotes awareness of the natural surroundings; Preserves and protects natural ecosystems; Provides ecological corridors between and among natural areas for wildlife; Promotes discovery, adventure and mystery; Promotes historical, cultural and environmental education; Promotes pedestrian-friendly neighborhoods and communities; Promotes social