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NATO's 60Th Anniversary Summit
NATO’s 60th Anniversary Summit Paul Belkin, Coordinator Analyst in European Affairs Carl Ek Specialist in International Relations Lisa Mages Information Research Specialist Derek E. Mix Analyst in European Affairs April 14, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R40454 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress NATO’s 60th Anniversary Summit Summary On April 3 and 4, 2009, the heads of state and government of the 26 members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) met in Strasbourg, France, and Kehl, Germany for a summit marking the 60th anniversary of the alliance. The summit was one of three stops on President Obama’s first official visit to Europe as President. Alliance leaders used the anniversary summit to pay tribute to NATO’s past achievements and to reaffirm their commitment to the alliance as the preeminent transatlantic security framework. They also completed a new round of NATO enlargement, sought common positions on the range of challenges currently facing the alliance, and began to set the parameters for NATO’s future direction. The key issue facing the alliance is the ongoing mission in Afghanistan, where allied governments are struggling to reach a strategic consensus on how to stabilize the country. The deteriorating security situation in the country has caused many to question the ability of NATO’s International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to achieve its objectives and has exposed rifts within the alliance as to ISAF’s mission and the appropriate means to accomplish it. NATO’s strained relations with Russia are a second key issue. -
Page1 November 19, 2004.Qxd
“Delivering news and information. At home and around the world.”· “Des nouvelles d'ici et de partout ailleurs.” Teaching Studios & Retail Store 46 Front St., Trenton 394-4891 Musical Instruments (guitars, violins, drums & more) Sheet Music & Musical Accessories We invite you to come in & play! Christmas is coming... LAY AWAY musical items NOW to avoid any disappointment! www.cfbtrenton.com • November 19, 2004 • Serving 8 Wing/CFB Trenton • 8e escadre/BFC Trenton • Volume 39 Issue Number 45 • TAKING TIME TO HONOUR THOSE WHO FOUGHT FOR FREEDOM Photo: Cpl Max Murphy, 8 Wing Imaging Photo: Laurie McVicar, Contact A young cadet stands vigilant at the Belleville cenotaph while members of 8AMS listen intently to the Remembrance A contingent of military members from 8 Wing/CFB Trenton took part in Remembrance Day Day ceremony they participated in on November 11. activities at Trenton’s Centennial Park last Thursday. See page 15 for more photos. MGEN BRIEFS 424 Gen Henault claims NATO’s top military spot Office of the organization. Prime Minister General Henault will bring the same attributes of professionalism, OTTAWA — (November 17, 2004) commitment and dedication to the Prime Minister Paul Martin today Chairman’s position that he so congratulated Canadian Forces clearly demonstrated in his three Chief of Defence Staff, General years as the Canadian Forces Chief Ray Henault, for his election to of Defence Staff. NATO’s top military position - He will help an alliance of para- Chairman of the Military mount importance to Canada and Committee. -
Doubling NATO: Functional and Geographical Enlargement of the Alliance Ergodan Kurt Old Dominion University
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Graduate Program in International Studies Dissertations Spring 2010 Doubling NATO: Functional and Geographical Enlargement of the Alliance Ergodan Kurt Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Kurt, Ergodan. "Doubling NATO: Functional and Geographical Enlargement of the Alliance" (2010). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), dissertation, International Studies, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/4bgn-h798 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gpis_etds/75 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Program in International Studies at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Program in International Studies Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOUBLING NATO: FUNCTIONAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ENLARGEMENT OF THE ALLIANCE by Erdogan Kurt B.A. August 1996, Turkish Military Academy M.A. July 2001, Naval Postgraduate School A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY INTERNATIONAL STUDIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY May 2010 Approved by: ©2010 Erdogan Kurt. All rights reserved. ABSTRACT DOUBLING NATO: FUNCTIONAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ENLARGEMENT OF THE ALLIANCE Erdogan Kurt Old Dominion University, 2010 Director: Dr. Regina Karp This dissertation studies NATO expansion as institutional adaptation. More specifically, it examines the interaction between NATO's functional and geographical enlargement. This study asserts that there is a close relationship between NATO's new functions and its enlargement. -
11 NATO and the Partnership for Peace
11 NATO and the Partnership for Peace Frank Boland1 uring 1989 and 1990, as the hold of the Soviet Union and the authority of com- munist regimes evaporated across the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allies attempted to make sense of Dthis new situation. There was unease that the old certainties of the Cold War era were being swept away without any guarantees that their replacements would be more comfortable to live with. There was disquiet that the security linkage with the United States, through NATO, might no longer be sustainable or, at least, might be substantially more difficult to sustain than it had been. The complete dissolution of the Soviet Union was barely conceiv- able at that time. Allies were also wrestling with the complexities of extremely challenging arms control agreements, while also trying to define the wider role of the Atlantic Alliance in a Europe where the Conference on Security Cooperation in Europe and, subsequently, the European Union would also be significant political players.2 As they contemplated these uncertainties, the idea began to take hold that the Alliance had to provide practical assis- tance and institutional structures to support emerging democratic institutions and states in resisting the almost inevitable pressures that could emerge and drag them back toward the authoritarian practices to which they had been accustomed for a generation, or more. In July 1990, in their London Summit Declaration, NATO Heads of State and Government extended the “hand of friendship” to the countries of the East that had been their adversaries in the Cold War.3 They also noted that NATO would adapt and could “help build the structures of a more united continent, supporting security and stability with the strength of our shared faith in democracy, the rights of the individual, and the peaceful resolution of disputes.”4 They also proposed that the countries of the former Warsaw Pact establish regular diplomatic liaison with the Atlantic Alliance. -
NATO Summit Guide Brussels, 11-12 July 2018
NATO Summit Guide Brussels, 11-12 July 2018 A stronger and more agile Alliance The Brussels Summit comes at a crucial moment for the security of the North Atlantic Alliance. It will be an important opportunity to chart NATO’s path for the years ahead. In a changing world, NATO is adapting to be a more agile, responsive and innovative Alliance, while defending all of its members against any threat. NATO remains committed to fulfilling its three core tasks: collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security. At the Brussels Summit, the Alliance will make important decisions to further boost security in and around Europe, including through strengthened deterrence and defence, projecting stability and fighting terrorism, enhancing its partnership with the European Union, modernising the Alliance and achieving fairer burden-sharing. This Summit will be held in the new NATO Headquarters, a modern and sustainable home for a forward-looking Alliance. It will be the third meeting of Allied Heads of State and Government chaired by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg. + Summit meetings + Member countries + Partners + NATO Secretary General Archived material – Information valid up to 10 July 2018 1 NATO Summit Guide, Brussels 2018 I. Strengthening deterrence and defence NATO’s primary purpose is to protect its almost one billion citizens and to preserve peace and freedom. NATO must also be vigilant against a wide range of new threats, be they in the form of computer code, disinformation or foreign fighters. The Alliance has taken important steps to strengthen its collective defence and deterrence, so that it can respond to threats from any direction. -
SECURITY COOPERATION with the Mediterranean Region and the Broader Middle East © JFC Naples
© JFC Naples SECURITY COOPERATION with the Mediterranean region and the broader Middle East © JFC Naples A Jordanian Navy patrol boat passes ships from NATO’s mine countermeasure force, during an exercise organised under the Mediterranean Dialogue in the Gulf of Aqaba in March 2005 NATO is developing closer security partnerships with countries in the Mediterranean region and the broader Middle East. This marks a shift in Alliance priorities towards greater involvement in these strategically important regions of the world, whose security and stability is closely linked to Euro-Atlantic security. The current drive towards increasing dialogue and cooperation with countries in these regions builds on two key decisions taken at NATO’s summit meeting in Istanbul in June 2004. Allied leaders decided – ten years after the achieve better mutual understanding between launch of NATO’s Mediterranean Dialogue – NATO and its Mediterranean partners and to to invite countries participating in the dispel misperceptions about the Alliance. Dialogue to establish a more ambitious and expanded partnership. The Dialogue fosters In parallel, a new, distinct but complemen- links with seven countries stretching from tary initiative was launched at the Istanbul western North Africa around the south- Summit to reach out to interested countries in ern Mediterranean rim to the Middle East: the broader Middle East region. The Istanbul Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mauritania, Cooperation Initiative aims to enhance Morocco and Tunisia. Through political dia- security and stability by fostering mutually logue and practical cooperation, the Dialogue beneficial bilateral relationships, particularly aims to contribute to regional security and in the context of the fight against terrorism stability, and to promote good and friendly and countering the proliferation of weapons of relations across the region. -
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Regional Security in the South Caucasus: The Role of NATO Svante E. Cornell Roger N. McDermott William O’Malley Vladimir Socor S. Frederick Starr Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies The Johns Hopkins University Regional Security in the South Caucasus: The Role of NATO Svante E. Cornell Roger N. McDermott William D. O’Malley Vladimir Socor S. Frederick Starr © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies The Johns Hopkins University Tel.: 1 202 663 7723 “Regional Security in the South Caucasus: The Role of NATO” is a Policy Paper produced by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. It is co-authored by Svante E. Cornell, Roger McDermott, William O’Malley, Vladimir Socor, and S. Frederick Starr. © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute 2004 ISBN: Printed in the United States of America Distributed in North America by: The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Tel. +1-202-663-7723; Fax. +1-202-663-7785 E-mail: [email protected] Distributed in Europe by: The Silk Road Studies Program Uppsala University Box 514, SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden Tel. +46-18-471-2217; Fax. +46-18-106397 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary .........................................................................................v I. Why Should We be Concerned Over Multilateral -
NATO Summit Guide Warsaw, 8-9 July 2016
NATO Summit Guide Warsaw, 8-9 July 2016 An essential Alliance in a more dangerous world The Warsaw Summit comes at a defining moment for the security of the North Atlantic Alliance. In recent years, the world has become more volatile and dangerous with Russia’s illegal annexation of Crimea and destabilisation of eastern Ukraine, as well as its military build-up from the Barents Sea to the Baltic, and from the Black Sea to the eastern Mediterranean; turmoil across the Middle East and North Africa, fuelling the biggest migrant and refugee crisis in Europe since World War Two; brutal attacks by ISIL and other terrorist groups, as well as cyber attacks, nuclear proliferation and ballistic missile threats. NATO is adapting to this changed security environment. It also remains committed to fulfilling its three core tasks: collective defence, crisis management and cooperative security. And, in the Polish capital, the Alliance will make important decisions to boost security in and around Europe, based on two key pillars: protecting its citizens through modern deterrence and defence, and projecting stability beyond its borders. NATO member states form a unique community of values, committed to the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. In today’s dangerous world, transatlantic cooperation is needed more than ever. NATO embodies that cooperation, bringing to bear the strength and unity of North America and Europe. This Summit is the first to be hosted in Poland and the first to be chaired by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, who took up his post in October 2014. -
NATO's 2004 Istanbul Summit: Charting the Alliance's Ongoing
AFGHANISTAN AT THE CROSSROADS OF HISTORY Had the international community not intervened, Afghanistan would probably have further deteriorated as a breeding ground for terrorists and drug-traffickers, and it could well have become a powerhouse generating constant instability not only to its neighbours, but also the world at large. Although military victory was secured in a swift fashion from an operational perspective, our multi-faceted involvement in Afghanistan still continues. A successful completion of engagement in Afghanistan will be closely linked to the success attained in the certain milestones upcoming for Afghanistan in the coming months. Hikmet Çetin* * NATO Senior Civilian Representative in Afghanistan. Hikmet Çetin is a former Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs (1991-1994), and a Speaker of the Turkish Parliament (1997-1999). 19 t is a well-known postulate that democracies do not wage war against each other. Today, this proposition applies to NATO’s engagement in Afghanistan: Our commitment to assist the Afghan Nation to transform their country I into a self-sustaining, stable and prosperous democracy while reintegrating Afghanistan into the democratic order. Our collective efforts with the Afghan Nation started in the aftermath of an unexpected tremor across the Atlantic, with Afghanistan at its epicenter. Suffice to remember the terrorist atrocities of September 11, the shockingly graphic images every television station around the world captured and broadcast round the clock. These very images signaled the nascent beginnings of a new era, laden with a new threat at our doorstep: Terrorism at its full speed, prepared and willing to strike at anywhere, at anytime. The intransigence of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in complying with demands of the international community to hand over Osama Bin Ladin, master mind of the September 11 atrocities, paved the way for a military intervention in Afghanistan. -
Whom to Obey?: the Dilemma for the NATO ISAF Commander, May 2006
Whom to Obey ? : The Dilemma for the NATO ISAF Commander, May 2006 – February 2007 By Brian Babcock-Lumish “True professionals, first and foremost, talk command and control, then logistics and then tactics”. 1 British Army General Sir David Richards As the commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), British Army General David Richards (hereafter, “Richards”) served from May 2006 to February 2007 as the commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) on behalf of NATO and a wider coalition under United Nations 2 (UN) auspices. By the ARRC’s arrival in 2006, ISAF was a 37-member “coalition of the 3 willing” built around a core of the then 26-member NATO Alliance. As the Commander, ISAF (COMISAF), Richards reported solely to NATO in Belgium, despite wearing a British uniform and the United Kingdom controlling his appointment to the post and its duration.4 Importantly for this article, little research has been done to explore the complexities of multinational chains of command from the perspective of a “single-hatted” multinational commander with “double-hatted” national contingent commanders (NCC’s) reporting in both national and multinational chains of command.5 Prior to Richards’ command, ISAF expanded its geographic responsibility in the first two of four stages from the Afghan capital Kabul to the north (stage 1) and west (stage 2) in 2004-2005. During Richards’ tenure, the expansion continued counter-clockwise to the south (stage 3) and east (stage 4) in 2006 (see Figure 1, next page). Commensurate with the geographic expansion, ISAF gradually grew in troop strength, with reinforcements coming from both outside the theatre and the American-led Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) coalition already in-theatre. -
Unisci Dp 22
UNISCI Discussion Papers, Nº 22 (January / Enero 2010) ISSN 1696-2206 NATO´S PARTNERS IN AFGHANISTAN: IMPACT AND PURPOSE Rebecca Moore 1 Concordia College, Department of Political Science Abstract: Since 2003, NATO’s ISAF (International Security Assistance Force) mission in Afghanistan has relied on troop contributions, not only from NATO members but also from EAPC/PfP partners and so-called global partners—non-European states that have not been formally incorporated into NATO’s formal partnership structures. The experience of working with these non-European allies, in particular, has been transformative as it has highlighted the need for cooperative relationships that extend beyond Europe if NATO is to function effectively in a world of increasingly global security challenges. This article explores the role of NATO partners in Afghanistan and their potential long term impact on NATO’s future. Keywords: North Atlantic Treaty Organization, International Security Assistance Force, Afghanistan, Partnership for Peace (PfP), Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EACP), global partners. Resumen: Desde el 2003, la misión de la OTAN, ISAF (Fuerza de Asistencia para la Seguridad Internacional) se ha apoyado en las contribuciones en tropas no sólo de países de la OTAN sino también en socios EAPC/PfP y los llamados socios globales (países no europeos que no han sido incorporados formalmente en las estructuras asociativas de la OTAN). La experiencia de haber colaborado con estos aliados no europeos ha tenido necesariamente un carácter transformador en la medida que ha puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de que la OTAN se extienda fuera de Europa si pretende hacer frente a unos desafíos de seguridad crecientemente globales. -
20 July 2018 PAGES: 36 Prepared By: Surgeon Captain J
S E N I O R C O M M A N D E R S CANADIAN FORCES 1955 to 2018 UPDATED: 20 July 2018 PAGES: 36 Prepared by: Surgeon Captain John Blatherwick, CM, CStJ, OBC, CD, MD, FRCP(C), LLD(Hon) ============================================================================== 1 SENIOR OFFICERS - CANADIAN FORCES CHAIRMAN - CHIEFS OF STAFF 1951 - 1960 General Charles FOULKES, CC, CB, CBE, DSO, CD 1964 - 1966 Air Chief Marshal Frank Robert MILLER, CC, CBE, CD 1966 - 1968 General Jean Victor ALLARD, CC, CBE, DSO**, GOQ, CD =================================================================================================== CHIEF OF DEFENCE STAFF 1968 - 1969 General Jean Victor ALLARD, CC, CBE, DSO**, CD 1969 - 1972 General Frederick Ralph SHARPE, CMM, DFC, CD 1972 - 1977 General Jacques Alfred DEXTRAZE, CC, CMM, CBE, DSO*, KStJ, CD 1977 - 1980 Admiral Robert Hilborn FALLS, CMM, CStJ, CD 1980 - 1983 General Ramsey Muir WITHERS, CMM, CStJ, CD 1983 - 1986 General Gerard Charles Edouard THERIAULT, CMM, OStJ, CD 1986 - 1989 General Paul David MANSON, OC, CMM, OStJ, CD 1989 - 1992 General Alfred John G.D. DE CHASTELAIN, OC, CMM, CH, OStJ, CD 1992 - 1993 Admiral John ANDERSON, CMM, CD 1993 - 1996 General Alfred John G.D. DE CHASTELAIN, OC, CMM, CH, CStJ, CD 1996 - 1996 General Jean Joseph Edouard BOYLE, CMM, CD 1996 - 1997 Vice-Admiral Lawrence Edward MURRAY, CMM, CD (08 October 1996) ACTING CDS 1997 - 2001 General Joseph Maurice BARIL, CMM, SBStJ, MSM, CD (17 September 1997) 2001 - 2005 General Raymond HENAULT, OC, CMM, CStJ, MSC, CD (28 June 2001) 2005 - 2008 General