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VOM-2015-0099.Pdf TM ISSN 0186 • 9418 Voices of Mexico is published by the Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, CISAN (Center for Research on North America) of the Coordinación de Humanidades (Office of the Coordinator of Human ities), Uni versidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico). Director Silvia Núñez García Editor-in-Chief Art Director Circulation and Sales Diego Bugeda Bernal Patricia Pérez Ramírez Norma Aída Manzanera Silva Editors Layout Subscriptions María Cristina Hernández Escobar María Elena Álvarez Sotelo Cynthia Creamer Tejeda Teresa Jiménez Andreu Assistant to the Editor-in-Chief Business Manager Copyeditor & Translator Minerva Cruz Salas María Soledad Reyes Lucero Heather Dashner Monk Special Section Guest Editor Camelia Tigau Rector, UNAM José Narro Robles Coordinator of Humanities Estela Morales Campos Director of the Center for Research on North America (CISAN) Silvia Núñez García EDITORIAL BOARD Sergio Aguayo, Carlos Alba Vega, Norma Blázquez, Fernando Rafael Castañeda Sabido, Roberto Castañón Romo María Leoba Castañeda, Lourdes N. Chehaibar Náder, Gua dalupe González, Rosario Green, Roberto Gutiérrez López, Elizabeth Gutiérrez Romero, Carlos Heredia, Julio La bastida, Miguel León-Portilla, David Maciel, Paz Consuelo Márquez Padilla, Alicia Mayer, Humberto Muñoz García, Olga Pellicer, Elena Poniatowska, Vicente Quirarte, Federico Re yes Heroles, Andrés Rozental, José Sarukhán, Mari Carmen Serra Puche, Alina María Signoret, Fernando Solana, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, María Teresa Uriarte, Diego Valadés, José Luis Valdés-Ugalde, Mónica Ve rea, Verónica Villarespe Reyes Address letters, advertising and subscription correspondence to: Voices of Mexico, Torre II de Humanidades, piso 9, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D. F. Tel: 5623 0308. Electronic mail: [email protected]. Annual subscription rates: Mexico Mex$140; USA US$30; Canada Can$40; other countries US$55, prepaid in U.S. cur- rency to UNAM. Opinions expressed by the authors do not necessarily represent the views of Voices of Mexico. All contents are fully protected by © copyright and may not be reproduced without the written consent of Voices of Mexico. The magazine is not responsible for the return of unsolicited manuscripts. Publicación cua trimestral, año veintinueve, número 99, primavera-verano 2015. ISSN 0186-9418. Certificado de Licitud de Contenido núm. 2930 y Certificado de Licitud de Título núm. 3340, pedidosex por la Co mi­­sión Cali fi cadora de Publicaciones y Revistas Ilustradas. Reserva al uso exclusivo del título núm. 04-2002-060413383000-102, expedida por el Ins ti tuto Na cional del Derecho de Autor. Co rres pon dencia nacional de segunda clase. Registro 0851292. Características 220261212. Correspondencia in ternacional de segunda clase. Registro Cri D F 002- 92. Preprensa e impresión en QuadGraphics, Democracias 116, Col. San Miguel Amantla, C. P. 02700, Azcapotzalco, México, D. F. Im pre so en Offset. TM 5 Our Voice Silvia Núñez García Mexico-U.S. Relations 7 The Peña Nieto-Obama Dialogue Issue 99 Spring-Summer 2015 And Its Impact on Bilateral Relations Leonardo Curzio 11 Rhetoric, Policy, and Reality. U.S. Border Security And Migration Reform Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera U.S. Affairs 15 Law and Disorder: Police Violence And Racism in the United States Jonathan D. Rosen Politics 19 What Happened to Ayotzinapa? The Story of Another National Outrage José Buendía Society 23 Women and the Changing Structure Of Drug Trafficking in Mexico Marisol Franco Díaz Cover Tree of Life with mexican arts & crafts subjects. Literature Its origin is probably linked to Metepec, State of Mexico. Courtesy of the Museum of Folk Art Museum. 27 Recurrences in William Faulkner And Juan Rulfo Héctor Iván González 33 Art and Culture 35 Teresa Velázquez Looking at the Details Carlos E. Palacios 41 Frida’s Wardrobe. 99 Obama’s Immigration The Story of a Discovery Executive Action and STEM Workers Denise Rosenzweig Fernando Lozano Ascencio Magdalena Rosenzweig Telésforo Ramírez García 48 Gladdening the Soul and Lightening the 103 Mexican Lobbying in the U.S. Body. A Visit to the Los Ángeles Ballroom A New Generation Understanding the System Gina Bechelany José de Jesús López Almejo 56 History Made of Bread 107 Highly Skilled Mexican Women Migrants Isabel Morales Quezada To the United States José Luis Ávila The Splendor of Mexico 110 Increasing Numbers of Qualified 64 The Satellite City Towers Mexican Women in the United States Icon, Indicator, and Symbol Luis Calva Ana Cecilia Terrazas 115 Is Mexico Sending Mixed Messages Museums About International Skilled Migration And Knowledge Production? 73 Anonymous Hands, All of Our Souls Alma Maldonado-Maldonado Teresa Jiménez 119 Twenty-first Century U.S. and Canadian In Memoriam Immigration Policies Compared VICENTE LEÑERO Nuty Cárdenas Alaminos 81 The Invention of the Possible Rosa Beltrán 122 Experiences and Strategies. Skilled Migration From Mexico and Taiwan 83 Collage of Memories José Carrillo Piña Leñero: How I Learned to Write Felipe Garrido Reviews 89 Giving Voice to Those Without One 127 Sucesión y balance de poder en Canadá Ignacio Solares entre gobiernos liberales y conservadores. Administraciones y procesos partidistas 93 Special Section internos (1980-2011), by Oliver Santín HIGhlY SKILLED MIGRATION, A MULTI-LEVEL Delia Montero REVIEW BY MEXICAN EXPERTS 94 Importance and Consequences of 129 El Congreso de Estados Unidos: pragmatismo Skilled Mexican Migration to the United States y pluralismo, by César Pérez Espinosa Ana María Aragonés Estefanía Cruz Lera Uberto Salgado 131 Justicia internacional. Ideas y reflexiones, by Paz Consuelo Márquez-Padilla Catherine Prati Rousselet OUR VOICE his issue was prepared during Mexico’s midterm election campaigns, when President Enrique Pe ña Nieto found himself with a tattered image and an approval rating of only 32 percent, the Tlowest in decades for a president midterm, according to BBC World. The president’s party, the Party of the Institutionalized Revolution, dropped 10 points in the ballot- ing compared to the 2012 elections, with 29 percent of the votes, although it continued to be the coun- try’s largest political force. Its wins came in Mexico’s poorest regions, the most populated states, and even those marked by violence. It is interesting to note that the number of votes exceeded predictions: 47 percent of registered voters went to the polls. In addition, some independent candidates came out on top, outstanding among whom was Jaime “Bronco” Rodríguez Calderón, who won the governor’s seat in Nuevo León. This state is a leader in northern Mexico since its economic development is very positive, positioning it as one of the five states with the most foreign direct investment due to its links with the U.S. economy. Precisely to talk about relations between Mexico and the United States, in this issue we have in- cluded articles by UNAM researcher Leonardo Curzio and Guadalupe Correa-Cabrera from the Univer- sity of Texas at Brownsville. The former wields his capability for summary in pointing to the central issues dealt with at the meetings between the leaders of our two countries, reiterating the themes of trade and security and adding, fortunately, education. The latter article predicts that the Mexico-U.S. border will once again be a talking point in the 2016 U.S. elections and invites our readers to review the author’s reasoning on this matter. Also in these pages, Jonathan D. Rosen looks at an important domestic U.S. issue, explaining why it has been extensively covered in the international press in recent months: the events documenting po- lice brutality against Afro-Americans and Latinos in that country amidst the increasing militarization of police forces. He emphasizes the growing racism and the risks that this implies for safeguarding civil rights, but above all the legitimate right of U.S. Americans to take to the streets, like in the cases of Fer- guson and Baltimore, to demand reforms to stop the abuses by those charged with defending the lives and physical integrity of the public. Marisol Franco explains how women’s participation in drug trafficking rings in Mexico has been es- sential, though it has changed from their being in charge in some cases in the early twentieth century to being subordinate and violently exploited in most cases today. This issue’s “Art and Culture” section offers several examples that will stimulate everything from our readers’ imagination to their taste buds. Let me first mention the article by Denise and Magdalena Rosenzweig, who had the enormous privilege of working directly in cataloging Frida Kahlo’s wardrobe and perso nal items. Her determination to wear traditional huipil blouses from the region of Tehuantepec, shawls, and other traditional indigenous clothing closed a perfect circle, an inseparable amalgam of the woman and the sublime artist. Mexico has in this painter a cultural icon that allows the world to rec- ognize her beauty and talent. Her clothing is evidence of pride in wearing the work of our artisans. In another order of things, this issue is festooned with popular music and dance as part of Mexico City’s urban culture. Gina Bechelany writes about the atmosphere and characteristics of the emblem- atic Los Ángeles Ballroom, where danzón and other Latino rhythms continue to recreate a space where everyone joins the fiesta. Anchored in a working class neighborhood, this venue’s fame has transcended 4 generations, social classes, and nationalities; in the harmonious movement of the dance, they all find a unique space for coexisting. Returning to the pleasures of the palate, the world knows that Mexico’s culinary tradition is exceptio nal. Part of this legacy is Mexican baked goods; Isabel Morales tells us their story. Introduced by Europeans in the colonial period, this fundamental part of our diet gradually took root among the popu- lace, who made it something all our own through the combination of unique forms and unusual names, delighting us every day. As a corollary to these articles, we ask our readers to look at the Folk Art Museum as written by Teresa Jiménez.
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