BLUE Safety Assessment of Microbial Polysaccharide Gums As Used In
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Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis
nutrients Review Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis Norah A. Alshammari 1,2, Moira A. Taylor 3, Rebecca Stevenson 4 , Ourania Gouseti 5, Jaber Alyami 6 , Syahrizal Muttakin 7,8, Serafim Bakalis 5, Alison Lovegrove 9, Guruprasad P. Aithal 2 and Luca Marciani 2,* 1 Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Translational Medical Sciences and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 3 Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 4 Precision Imaging Beacon, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; [email protected] 5 Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958 Copenhagen, Denmark; [email protected] (O.G.); [email protected] (S.B.) 6 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 7 Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jakarta 12540, Indonesia; Citation: Alshammari, N.A.; [email protected] Taylor, M.A.; Stevenson, R.; 8 School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK Gouseti, O.; Alyami, J.; Muttakin, S.; 9 Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK; [email protected] Bakalis, S.; Lovegrove, A.; Aithal, G.P.; * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +44-115-823-1248 Marciani, L. -
Intercalation of the Microbial Biopolymers Welan Gum and EPS I Into Layered Double Hydroxides
Intercalation of the Microbial Biopolymers Welan Gum and EPS I into Layered Double Hydroxides Johann Plank, Serina Ng and Sebastian Foraita Chair for Construction Chemicals, Technische Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 85747 Garching, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Germany Reprint requests to Prof. Dr. Johann Plank. Fax : +49 (0)89 289 13152. E-mail: [email protected] (J. Plank) Z. Naturforsch. 2012, 67b, 479 – 487 / DOI: 10.5560/ZNB.2012-0081 Received March 19, 2012 Three microbial polysaccharides, namely welan gum, scleroglucan, and EPS I, a novel polysac- charide obtained from a newly isolated bacillus species with structural similarities to xanthan gum, were employed in the fabrication of bio-nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides (LDH). Synthesis was performed by direct co-precipitation of Zn(NO3)2 and Al(NO3)3 in the polysaccha- ride solutions at pH ∼ 8:5. The reaction products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). It was found that welan gum is successfully intercalated into the Zn–Al–LDH structure, giving a d-spacing of 2:38 nm for the in- terlayer distance, while neutral scleroglucan failed to be intercalated. Instead, this biopolymer was only surface-adsorbed on inorganic CaAl–OH–LDH platelets, as was evidenced by de-washing ex- periments. These results indicate that the anionic functionality of the polysaccharides presents a main driving force behind their intercalation. In contrast to regular xanthan gum, EPS I was intercalated into the LDH structure to give a sharp X-ray reflection representing a d-spacing of 2:77 nm. -
SYNTHESIS and FUNCTIONALITY STUDY of NOVEL BIOMIMETIC N-GLYCAN POLYMERS KA KEUNG CHAN Bachelor of Science Appalachian State Univ
SYNTHESIS AND FUNCTIONALITY STUDY OF NOVEL BIOMIMETIC N-GLYCAN POLYMERS KA KEUNG CHAN Bachelor of Science Appalachian State University May 2014 submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN CLINICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY at the CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY May 2021 We hereby approve this dissertation for KA KEUNG CHAN Candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical and Bioanalytical Chemistry degree for the Department of Chemistry and Cleveland State University’s College of Graduate Studies by ______________________________________________________ Xue-Long Sun, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Chairperson Chemistry, 4/22/2021 Department & Date ____________________________________________________________ Aimin Zhou, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Member Chemistry, 4/22/2021 Department & Date ____________________________________________________________ Bin Su, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Member Chemistry, 4/22/2021 Department & Date ____________________________________________________________ David Anderson, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Member Chemistry, 4/22/2021 Department & Date ____________________________________________________________ Moo-Yeal Lee, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Member Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, 4/22/2021 Department & Date ____________________________________________________________ Aaron Severson, Ph.D., Dissertation Committee Member Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, 4/22/2021 Department & Date Date of Defense: 22 APRIL 2021 DEDICATION I dedicate the entirety of this degree to my family. My mother, Mrs. Yu Hung Cheung, to whom I owe the world and I unreservedly dedicate the entire of my life and achievements – thank you for everything that you have done for me. My fiancée, Ms. Mengni Xu, to whom I dedicate the rest of my life with my undying love – you deserve all of my achievements as much as I do. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I extend my most sincere gratitude to Dr. -
Production of Microbial Polysaccharides for Use in Food
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260201214 Production of microbial polysaccharides for use in food Chapter · March 2013 DOI: 10.1533/9780857093547.2.413 CITATIONS READS 21 4,237 1 author: Ioannis Giavasis University of Thessaly 39 PUBLICATIONS 588 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Archimedes View project Bacillus toyonensis View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ioannis Giavasis on 30 April 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. 1 2 3 4 5 6 16 7 8 9 Production of microbial polysaccharides 10 11 for use in food 12 Ioannis Giavasis, Technological Educational Institute of Larissa, Greece 13 14 DOI: 15 16 Abstract: Microbial polysaccharides comprise a large number of versatile 17 biopolymers produced by several bacteria, yeast and fungi. Microbial fermentation has enabled the use of these ingredients in modern food and 18 delivered polysaccharides with controlled and modifiable properties, which can be 19 utilized as thickeners/viscosifiers, gelling agents, encapsulation and film-making 20 agents or stabilizers. Recently, some of these biopolymers have gained special 21 interest owing to their immunostimulating/therapeutic properties and may lead to 22 the formation of novel functional foods and nutraceuticals. This chapter describes the origin and chemical identity, the biosynthesis and production process, and the 23 properties and applications of the most important microbial polysaccharides. 24 25 Key words: biosynthesis, food biopolymers, functional foods and nutraceuticals, 26 microbial polysaccharides, structure–function relationships. 27 28 29 16.1 Introduction 30 31 Microbial polysaccharides form a large group of biopolymers synthesized 32 by many microorganisms, as they serve different purposes including cell 33 defence, attachment to surfaces and other cells, virulence expression, energy 34 reserves, or they are simply part of a complex cell wall (mainly in fungi). -
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Novel Photoactive Polysaccharides
Synthesis, characterization and properties of novel photoactive polysaccharides Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Chemisch-Geowissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Diplom-Chemiker Holger Wondraczek geboren am 20. April 1983 in Jena Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Thomas Heinze (Universität Jena) 2. Prof. Dr. Rainer Beckert (Universität Jena) 3. Prof. Dr. Pedro Fardim (Åbo Akademi University) Tag der öffentlichen Verteidigung: 12.10.2012 Contents List of Figures vii List of Tables xi 1. Introduction 1 I. General Part 3 2. Light for the characterization of polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives 5 2.1. Structure of polysaccharides . 6 2.2. Light absorption by polysaccharides . 9 2.3. Fluorescence of polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives . 11 3. Photoreactions of polysaccharides and polysaccharide derivatives 17 3.1. Photocrosslinking . 17 3.2. Photochromic polysaccharide derivatives . 19 3.2.1. Polysaccharides containing trans–cis isomerizable chromophores 20 3.2.2. Polysaccharide derivatives forming ionic structures upon irra- diation . 25 II. Special Part 29 4. UV-Vis spectroscopy for the characterization of novel polysaccharide derivatives 31 4.1. Synthesis of aminocellulose sulfates as novel zwitterionic polymers . 31 4.2. Characterization of tosyl cellulose sulfates and aminocellulose sulfates 34 iii Contents 5. Tailored synthesis and structure characterization of new highly func- tionalized photoactive polysaccharide derivatives 39 5.1. Photoactive polysaccharide esters . 39 5.1.1. Synthesis . 39 5.1.2. Characterization . 40 5.2. Synthesis of photoactive polysaccharide polyelectrolytes . 47 5.2.1. Mixed 2-[(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H -chromen-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid- sul- furic acid half esters of dextran and pullulan . -
Characterization of Extracellular Polymeric Substance Producing Isolates from Wastewaters and Their Antibacterial Prospective
Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology Vol. 7(06), pp. 56-62, Nov-Dec, 2019 Available online at http://www.jabonline.in DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2019.70609 Characterization of extracellular polymeric substance producing isolates from wastewaters and their antibacterial prospective Anita Rani Santal1*, Nater Pal Singh2, Tapan Kumar Singha1 1Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India 2Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Bacteria have the ability of biofilm formation, in which the cells attach to each other within a self-produced Received on: April 22, 2019 matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The aim of the present research work was to isolate Accepted on: June 04, 2019 EPS-producing bacteria from wastewater. Total 21 bacterial isolates were screened for EPS production based Available online: November 12, 2019 on mucoid and slimy colonies. Out of 21 isolates, nine efficient isolates were selected for the production of EPS. These efficient bacterial strains were also checked for their antimicrobial potential against Salmonella sp., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella sp. The isolates ASA3, H2E7, H2F8, and ASB4 inhibited the growth of Key words: Salmonella sp., E. coli, and Klebsiella sp, while isolate ASB5, H2C6, and H2E9 only showed inhibitory effects Extracellular polymeric substance, against Salmonella sp. The maximum concentration of EPS (i.e., 17.2 g/l) was produced by strain ASB4 within antibacterial activity, wastewater, 3 days of incubation. biofilm. 1. INTRODUCTION such as dextran, xanthan, pullulan, gellan, and hyaluronic Today, biopolymers are in great demand for their various acid [10]. The EPS also have been reported to be generally applications and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) recognized as safe compounds [11]. -
Anti-Cancer Effect of Polysaccharides Isolated from Higher Basidiomycetes Mushrooms
African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 2 (12), pp. 672-678, December 2003 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2003 Academic Journals Takashi Mizuno (1931-2000) Professor Emeritus of Shizuoka University This article is written in memory of Professor Takashi Mizuno who died in May 2000. He had focused a lifetime of research upon development of various antitumor substances from medicinal mushrooms, and is considered th one of the 20 century greatest scientist in his field. Mizuno proved that many polysaccharides with antitumor and immunopotentiating qualities were synthesised in cultured mycelia no less and in fact often better than in fruiting bodies. This result virtually revolutionised mushroom producing and processing business. “Medicine and food both originate from the same root” is a Japanese proverb Mizuno often quoted. Minireview Anti-cancer effect of polysaccharides isolated from higher basidiomycetes mushrooms A.S. Dabaλ and O.U.Ezeronye* Division of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory Cape Town, South Africa. Accepted 24 November 2003 Anti-tumor activity of mushroom fruit bodies and mycelial extracts evaluated using different cancer cell lines. These polysaccharide extracts showed potent antitumor activity against sarcoma 180, mammary adenocarcinoma 755, leukemia L-1210 and a host of other tumors. The antitumor activity was mainly due to indirect host mediated immunotherapeutic effect. These studies are still in progress in many laboratories and the role of the polysaccharides as immunopotentiators is especially under intense debate. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available information in this area and to indicate the present status of the research. -
Towards a Better Production of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides 2018
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (2018) 102:1587–1598 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8745-7 MINI-REVIEW Towards a better production of bacterial exopolysaccharides by controlling genetic as well as physico-chemical parameters Dipanjan Sengupta1 & Sriparna Datta1 & Dipa Biswas1 Received: 9 September 2017 /Revised: 22 December 2017 /Accepted: 27 December 2017/Published online: 17 January 2018 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, which are basically bacterial metabolites, have currently become a subject of great concern of modern day microbiologists and biotechnologists. Among these metabolites, bacterial exopolysaccharides or EPS, in particular, have gained a significant importance. EPS are formed by the bacteria in their late exponential or stationary phase of growth under special situations for specific purposes. They take part in the formation of bacterial biofilms. There is a great diversity in the types of EPS. Strikingly enough, a same species of bacterium can produce different types of EPS under different situations. The importance of EPS is largely because of their different applications in various industries. Now that the bacterial EPS has got the potentiality to become an upcoming tool in various futuristic applications of human benefit, the focus currently develops towards how better they can be produced in the laboratory by promoting the favorable factors for their production. While studying with different EPS forming bacteria, both the intrinsic factors like genetic configuration of the bacteria and the extrinsic factors like culture conditions under the influence of different physico-chemical parameters in order to maximize the EPS production have been taken into consideration. -
Handbook of Polysaccharides
Handbook of Polysaccharides Toolbox for Polymeric sugars Polysaccharide Review I 2 Global Reach witzerland - taad lovakia - Bratislava Synthetic laboratories Synthetic laboratories Large-scale manufacture Large-scale manufacture Distribution hub Distribution hub apan - Tokyo Sales office United Kingdom - Compton India - Chennai Synthetic laboratories Sales office United tates - an iego Distribution hub Distribution hub China - Beijing, inan, uzhou outh Korea - eoul Synthetic laboratories Sales office Large-scale manufacture Distribution hub Table of contents Section Page Section Page 1.0 Introduction 1 6.2 Examples of Secondary & Tertiary Polysaccharide Structures 26 About Biosynth Carbosynth 2 6.2.1 Cellulose 26 Product Portfolio 3 6.2.2 Carrageenan 27 Introduction 4 6.2.3 Alginate 27 2.0 Classification 5 6.2.4 Xanthan Gum 28 3.0 Properties and Applications 7 6.2.5 Pectin 28 4.0 Polysaccharide Isolation and Purification 11 6.2.6 Konjac Glucomannan 28 4.1 Isolation Techniques 12 7.0 Binary & Ternary Interactions Between Polysaccharides 29 4.2 Purification Techniques 12 7.1 Binary Interactions 30 5.0 Polysaccharide Structure Determination 13 7.2 Ternary Interactions 30 5.1 Covalent Primary Structure 13 8.0 Polysaccharide Review 31 5.1.1 Basic Structural Components 13 Introduction 32 5.1.2 Monomeric Structural Units and Substituents 13 8.1 Polysaccharides from Higher Plants 32 5.2 Linkage Positions, Branching & Anomeric Configuration 15 8.1.1 Energy Storage Polysaccharides 32 5.2.1 Methylation Analysis 16 8.1.2 Structural Polysaccharides 33 5.2.2 -
Structure-Function Relationship of a Gellan Family of Polysaccharide, S-198 Gum, Produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853
Advances in Biological Chemistry, 2016, 6, 55-69 Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/abc http://doi.org/10.4236/abc.2016.63007 Structure-Function Relationship of a Gellan Family of Polysaccharide, S-198 Gum, Produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853 Masakuni Tako1,2*, Seiko kitajima1, Takuya Yogi1, Keiko Uechi1, Masayuki Onaga1, Yukihiro Tamaki1, Shuntoku Uechi1 1Department of Subtropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan 2Health and Longevity Research Laboratory, Integrated Innovation Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan Received 3 February 2016; accepted 23 May 2016; published 26 May 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The structure-function relationship of a gellan family of polysaccharides, S-198 gum produced by Alcaligenes ATCC31853 was investigated in terms of rheological aspects. The flow curves of S-198 gum showed plastic behavior above 0.3%. Gelation did not occur in S-198 gum solution at low temperature (0˚C), even at 0.8%. Both the viscosity and the elastic modulus remained constant with increasing temperature up to 80˚C. The elastic modulus decreased a little with the addition of CaCl2 (6.8 mM), but then once again remained constant up to 80˚C. The highest elastic mod- ulus was observed for deacylated gellan gum with the addition of CaCl2 and increased slightly with increasing temperature up to 80˚C, which was considered to be a transition temperature, after which it decreased rapidly. -
The Future of Bacterial Cellulose and Other Microbial Polysaccharides
The Future of Bacterial Cellulose and Other Microbial Polysaccharides Eliane Trovatti* Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University, UNESP, CP 355, 14801-970 Araraquara-SP, Brazil Received October 15, 2012; Accepted October 23, 2012 ABSTRACT: Biobased polymers have been gaining the attention of society and industry because of concerns about the depletion of fossil fuels and growing environmental problems. Cellulose fi bers are one of the most promising biopolymers to be explored as a component of composite materials with emergent properties for new applications. Bacterial Cellulose (BC), a special kind of cellulose produced by microorganisms, is endowed with unique properties. In this context, this perspective offers an overview about the properties of BC that would enable it to become a commodity. This includes an appraisal of the current BC market, as compared with other available biopolymers. The steps of the biosynthesis and purifi cation of BC are also outlined, together with the diffi culties that may be responsible for its future development, including the needs for making its production process(es) more attractive to industry. Other microbial polysaccharides are also discussed. KEYWORDS: Bacterial Cellulose, market, biopolymers, other microbial polysaccharides 1 INTRODUCTION microorganism, resulting in a nano- and micro-fi brilar entangled tridimensional structure [3]. BC, with its Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is a fascinating exopolysac- pronounced hydrophilic character and the presence charide produced by bacteria, extruded to the external of water in its natural environment, is synthesized in environment and deposited over the bacterial colo- a highly hydrated state, with 98–99% (wt) of water, nies, as a protective membrane to ensure their survival adsorbed between the microfi brils. -
Comparison of Two Schizophyllum Commune Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation
Journal of Fungi Article Comparison of Two Schizophyllum commune Strains in Production of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants from Submerged Cultivation Jovana Miškovi´c 1,†, Maja Karaman 1,*,†, Milena Rašeta 2, Nenad Krsmanovi´c 1, Sanja Berežni 2, Dragica Jakovljevi´c 3, Federica Piattoni 4, Alessandra Zambonelli 5 , Maria Letizia Gargano 6 and Giuseppe Venturella 7 1 Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, TrgDositejaObradovi´ca2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] (J.M.); [email protected] (N.K.) 2 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi´ca3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (S.B.) 3 Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; [email protected] 4 Laboratory of Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources and Environment (GenoDream), Department Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, Via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; [email protected] 5 Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agroalimentari, University of Bologna, Via Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 6 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, I-70126 Bari, Italy; [email protected] Citation: Miškovi´c,J.; Karaman, M.; 7 Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Via delle Scienze, Bldg. 4, Rašeta, M.; Krsmanovi´c,N.; 90128 Palermo, Italy; [email protected] Berežni, S.; Jakovljevi´c,D.; Piattoni, F.; * Correspondence: [email protected] Zambonelli, A.; Gargano, M.L.; † These two authors equally contributed to the performed study.