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Vulnerability Assessment of Christchurch Buildings in Canterbury Earthquakes S Vulnerability Assessment of Christchurch Buildings in Canterbury Earthquakes S. R. Uma R. P. Dhakal M. Nayyerloo GNS Science Report 2013/20 May 2013 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Uma, S. R.; Dhakal, R. P.; Nayyerloo, M. 2013. Vulnerability Assessment of Christchurch Buildings in Canterbury Earthquakes, GNS Science Report 2013/20. 35 p. S. R. Uma, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R. P. Dhakal, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand M. Nayyerloo, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2013 ISSN 1177-2425 ISBN 978-1972192-55-9 CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... IV KEYWORDS ........................................................................................................................ IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5 2.0 GROUND MOTIONS .................................................................................................. 7 3.0 BUILDING INVENTORY ASSESSMENT DATABASE ............................................. 12 4.0 CODE RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 13 5.0 PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CBD BUILDINGS .............................................................................................................. 15 6.0 DISPLACEMENT-BASED APPROACH FOR VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF BUILDINGS IN THE CBD .......................................................... 19 7.0 SIMULATION OF BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS ................................................. 20 8.0 DEFINITION OF LIMIT STATES............................................................................... 23 9.0 DEMAND AT INELASTIC LIMIT STATES ................................................................ 25 10.0 PROBABILITY OF FAILURE ................................................................................... 26 11.0 COMPARISON OF ESTIMATED DAMAGE PROBABILITIES WITH OBSERVED DAMAGE STATISTICS ....................................................................... 30 12.0 CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................................... 33 13.0 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... 34 14.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 34 GNS Science Report 2013/20 i FIGURES Figure 1 Tectonic setting of New Zealand (Courtesy: Clark, K. GNS). ....................................................... 5 Figure 2 Details of main-shock and aftershocks since 4th Sept 2010 in Canterbury region (Courtesy: GeoNet, Langridge, R. GNS). ..................................................................................... 6 Figure 3 Peak ground acceleration plot at various strong motion stations from the two events; the inset shows the stations near Central Business District (CBD) area. (Courtesy: Anna Kaiser, & Jim Cousins, GNS). ...................................................................................................... 7 Figure 4 Ground displacement polar plots: (i) September (left); (ii) February (right) events (Courtesy: Jim Cousins, GNS). .................................................................................................... 8 Figure 5 Acceleration records and Fourier amplitude spectra at CCCC station from the September (for N-S component) and February (for E-W component) events. ................................................ 9 Figure 6 Spectral demands from the September event. ........................................................................... 10 Figure 7 Spectral demands from the February event. .............................................................................. 10 Figure 8 Acceleration-displacement response spectra for median of records from 4 stations. ................. 11 Figure 9 Building stock classifications with respect to construction material in Christchurch. .................. 12 Figure 10 Distribution of building stock in the CBD..................................................................................... 17 Figure 11 Distribution of different colour-tagged buildings in CBD (See Table 2 for the definitions of different colours). ........................................................................................................................ 18 Figure 12 Estimation of initial period of buildings. ...................................................................................... 21 Figure 13 Idealised capacity curve and threshold limit states. .................................................................... 23 Figure 14 Idealised bilinear curve with demand curves from: (i) Actual elastic spectrum as geometric mean of 4 records from February event (black solid line); (ii) respective inelastic spectrum reduced for ductility=2 (black dashed line); (iii) MCE design spectrum (grey solid line); (iv) respective inelastic spectrum reduced for ductility =2 (grey dashed line). ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 15 Damage probabilities for post-1976 medium-rise RC frame building under DBE, MCE and Actual scenarios. ................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 16 Probability of exceedence for reinforced concrete frames: post 1976. ....................................... 28 Figure 17 Probability of being in different damage states for reinforced concrete frames: post 1976. ....... 28 Figure 18 Probability of exceedence for reinforced concrete frames: pre 1976. ......................................... 28 Figure 19 Probability of being in different damage states for reinforced concrete frames: pre 1976. ......... 29 Figure 20 Mapping of damage states (DS) to tagging colours. ................................................................... 30 GNS Science Report 2013/20 ii TABLES Table 1 Peak ground motion parameters from the September and February events. ............................... 9 Table 2 Definition of different building colour tagging categories. ........................................................... 16 Table 3 Proportion of colour tags in different building stock. ................................................................... 17 Table 4 Statistics of colour tagging for all the buildings in the CBD as per CCC database Dec 2011. .......................................................................................................................................... 18 Table 5 Structural parameters for RC moment resisting frame structures (pre and post 1976). ............. 20 Table 6 Initial properties for building groups. ........................................................................................... 22 Table 7 Median threshold drift ratios and dispersions at the effective height of for RC frame buildings. .................................................................................................................................... 24 Table 8 Estimated probabilities of damage states for RC moment resisting frame buildings. ................. 31 Table 9 Estimated proportions of low rise RC buildings and observed proportions with reference to colour tags. ................................................................................................................................. 31 Table 10 Estimated proportions of medium rise RC buildings and observed proportions with reference to colour tags. ............................................................................................................. 31 EQUATIONS Equation 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Equation 2a ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Equation 2b ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Equation 3 ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Equation 4a ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Equation 4b ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Equation 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Equation 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Equation 7 ................................................................................................................................................... 25 Equation 8 ..................................................................................................................................................
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