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Deformation Monitoring and Geohazards in Nigeria: a Critical Review
International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume VI, Issue XI, November 2019 | ISSN 2321–2705 Deformation Monitoring and Geohazards in Nigeria: A Critical Review K. O. Ishola, P.A. Jegede Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics, Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria Abstract:- Geohazards are geological and environmental due to plate tectonics. As noted by Chen et al (2017), different conditions that involve long-term or short-term geological types of geological hazards occur through different processes. It occur when artificial structures, such as buildings mechanisms. Even when the same types of hazard occur in and natural structures, such as slopes are deformed in various different internal geological structures, the causes and ways. To achieve the aim of this study which is to is to facilitate characteristics of the environmental external terrain conditions comprehensive technical understanding and knowledge of the processes of monitoring geological hazards and to better of the hazard can differ. MARI (2017) therefore asserted that appraise their impacts on engineering structures and the geohazards include: earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides, environment with a view to providing mitigation strategy, in ground motion, tsunamis, floods, droughts, meteorite impacts order to achieve the stated objective, secondary data sourced and health hazards of geologic materials. Spatial scales can from dailies, reports internet and other relevant research works range from local events such as a rock slide or coastal erosion were used. Having studied the state of geohazard and to events that pose threats to humankind such as a great deformation monitoring control Nigeria as well as mitigation volcano or meteorite impact. -
2021 Oregon Seismic Hazard Database: Purpose and Methods
State of Oregon Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Brad Avy, State Geologist DIGITAL DATA SERIES 2021 OREGON SEISMIC HAZARD DATABASE: PURPOSE AND METHODS By Ian P. Madin1, Jon J. Francyzk1, John M. Bauer2, and Carlie J.M. Azzopardi1 2021 1Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 965, Portland, OR 97232 2Principal, Bauer GIS Solutions, Portland, OR 97229 2021 Oregon Seismic Hazard Database: Purpose and Methods DISCLAIMER This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for or be suitable for legal, engineering, or surveying purposes. Users of this information should review or consult the primary data and information sources to ascertain the usability of the information. This publication cannot substitute for site-specific investigations by qualified practitioners. Site-specific data may give results that differ from the results shown in the publication. WHAT’S IN THIS PUBLICATION? The Oregon Seismic Hazard Database, release 1 (OSHD-1.0), is the first comprehensive collection of seismic hazard data for Oregon. This publication consists of a geodatabase containing coseismic geohazard maps and quantitative ground shaking and ground deformation maps; a report describing the methods used to prepare the geodatabase, and map plates showing 1) the highest level of shaking (peak ground velocity) expected to occur with a 2% chance in the next 50 years, equivalent to the most severe shaking likely to occur once in 2,475 years; 2) median shaking levels expected from a suite of 30 magnitude 9 Cascadia subduction zone earthquake simulations; and 3) the probability of experiencing shaking of Modified Mercalli Intensity VII, which is the nominal threshold for structural damage to buildings. -
Independent Scientific Research Entities in New Zealand: Cawthron Institute As a Case Study – Peter Hodder
New Zealand Science Review Vol 75 (1) 2018 Cawthron Institute science and meth contamination science and policy experiments and conservation Association Awards for 2018 Official Journal of the New Zealand Association of Scientists ISSN 0028-8667 New Zealand Science Review Vol 75(1) 2018 Official Journal of the New Zealand Association of Scientists P O Box 1874, Wellington www.scientists.org.nz A forum for the exchange of views on science and science policy Editor: Allen Petrey Contents Production Editor: Geoff Gregory In this issue .................................................................................................................................................1 President’s column – Craig Stevens ..........................................................................................................2 Articles Independent scientific research entities in New Zealand: Cawthron Institute as a case study – Peter Hodder ......................................................................................................................................3 Science and evidence informing policymaking in New Zealand: The meth contamination story – Anne Bardsley ..................................................................................................................................17 Podcasts – Putting science and policy on the same wavelength How scientists can make themselves heard by policymakers..........................................................19 What do policymakers think of scientists?........................................................................................19 -
Geohazards Name
Geohazards Name: ______________________________________________________________________ Period: ____________________ Date: _______________ Essential Question: Where are the common locations of geohazards and how do they occur? Geohazards can be defined as events related to the geological state and processes that may cause loss of lives as well as material and environmental damages. These geohazards arise from global geological processes inside the Earth, driving deformation and displacement of its crust. Underneath the thin crust the Earth consists of a sticky fluid of melted rock we call the mantle that undergoes convection that turns and twists like boiling water, causing the crust to move. The earth’s crust is divided in different plates called tectonic plates. When these plates interact the resulting crustal movement can cause earthquakes, allow volcanoes to erupt and set off landslides. All of these three; earthquakes, volcanic eruption and landslides can trigger tsunamis if they happen in or close to the ocean. Earthquake, volcanic eruption, landslide, tsunami, and sinkhole are all classified as geohazards. Earthquakes: Earthquakes occur in plate boundaries or fractures on Earth’s crust that can either be convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of accumulated strain along these faults, releasing energy in the form seismic waves. A major earthquake is usually followed by aftershocks. Earthquakes may cause liquefaction, landslides, and tsunamis. Most earthquakes happen along the “Pacific Ring of Fire”, convergent boundaries around the Pacific Ocean. Volcanoes: A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust from which lava, ash, and hot gases flow or are ejected during an eruption. Volcanic hazards vary from one volcano to another and from one eruption to the next. -
Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Temporary Slope Stabilization Plan
Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Temporary Slope Stabilization Plan Revolution Pipeline Butler, Beaver, Allegheny, and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania for ETC Northeast Pipeline, LLC February 23, 2019 Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Temporary Slope Stabilization Plan Revolution Pipeline Butler, Beaver, Allegheny, and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania for ETC Northeast Pipeline, LLC February 23, 2019 3050 South Delaware Avenue Springfield, Missouri 65804 417.831.9700 Landslide Hazard Evaluation and Temporary Slope Stabilization Plan Revolution Pipeline Butler, Beaver, Allegheny, and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania File No. 18782-026-01 February 23, 2019 Prepared for: ETC Northeast Pipeline, LLC 1300 Main Street, Suite 2000 Houston, Texas 77002 Attention: Laura A. Sutton, Senior Counsel Prepared by: GeoEngineers, Inc. 3050 South Delaware Avenue Springfield, Missouri 65804 417.831.9700 Trevor N. Hoyles, PE Principal Jonathan L. Robison, PE Principal TNH:JLR:kjb Disclaimer: Any electronic form, facsimile or hard copy of the original document (email, text, table, and/or figure), if provided, and any attachments are only a copy of the original document. The original document is stored by GeoEngineers, Inc. and will serve as the official document of record. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... -
GNS Science Miscellaneous Series Report
NHRP Contestable Research Project A New Paradigm for Alpine Fault Paleoseismicity: The Northern Section of the Alpine Fault R Langridge JD Howarth GNS Science Miscellaneous Series 121 November 2018 DISCLAIMER The Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) and its funders give no warranties of any kind concerning the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or fitness for purpose of the contents of this report. GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any actions taken based on, or reliance placed on the contents of this report and GNS Science and its funders exclude to the full extent permitted by law liability for any loss, damage or expense, direct or indirect, and however caused, whether through negligence or otherwise, resulting from any person’s or organisation’s use of, or reliance on, the contents of this report. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Langridge, R.M., Howarth, J.D. 2018. A New Paradigm for Alpine Fault Paleoseismicity: The Northern Section of the Alpine Fault. Lower Hutt (NZ): GNS Science. 49 p. (GNS Science miscellaneous series 121). doi:10.21420/G2WS9H RM Langridge, GNS Science, PO Box 30-368, Lower Hutt, New Zealand JD Howarth, Dept. of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2018 www.gns.cri.nz ISSN 1177-2441 (print) ISSN 1172-2886 (online) ISBN (print): 978-1-98-853079-6 ISBN (online): 978-1-98-853080-2 http://dx.doi.org/10.21420/G2WS9H CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... IV KEYWORDS ......................................................................................................................... V KEY MESSAGES FOR MEDIA ............................................................................................ VI 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 7 2.0 RESEARCH AIM 1.1 — ACQUIRE NEW AIRBORNE LIDAR COVERAGE .............. -
Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
The Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua - was produced under the aegis of the Project of Technical Cooperation Mitigation of Georisks in Central America between the Servicio Nacional de Estudios Territoriales (SNET), El Salvador Instituto Nacional de Sismología, Vulcanología, Meteorología e Hidrología (INSIVUMEH), Guatemala Comisión Permanente de Contingencias (COPECO), Honduras Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER), Nicaragua and Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Germany Key word list for indexing CARA-GIS, Central America, Disaster Risk Management, El Salvador, Georisk, Guatemala, Guidebook, Hazard Map, Honduras, Inundation, Landslide, Potential Loss Assessment, Nicaragua, Technical Cooperation, Risk Exposure Map, Seismic Hazard, Socio-Economic Vulnerability, Spatial Planning, Susceptibility, Volcanic Hazard Recommended citation of this document BALZER, D.; JÄGER, S. & D. KUHN (2010): Guidebook for Assessing Risk Exposure to Natural Hazards in Central America - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. – Project of Technical Cooperation ‘Mitigation of Georisks in Central America’: 121 pages; 26 figures; 44 tables; 35 maps; San Salvador, Guatemala-City, Tegucigalpa, Managua, Hannover. This book is also available in Spanish (ISBN 978-3-9813373-8-9). Project of Technical Cooperation - Mitigation of Georisks in Central America Foreword Central America with its project relevant countries of El Salvador (SV), Guatemala (GT), Honduras (HN), and Nicaragua (NI) covers an area of about 371.500 km² with approximately 34 Mio inhabitants. This central part of the Central America isthmus is situated between longitude 92° 14’ W and 83° 9’ W and latitude 17° 50’ N and 10° 40’ S. It is located at the interaction between the sea floor tectonic plates, namely Cocos and Nazca to the west and the Caribbean plate to the east. -
Media Watch on the Auckland Volcanic Field
D E T E R M I N I N G V O L C A N I C R I S K I N A U C K L A N D Auckland is a vital link in New Zealand’s economy and the city and surrounding region are internationally desirable places to work. However, Auckland sits on a volcanic field. The DEVORA research programme is aimed at a much-improved assessment of volcanic hazard and risk in the Auckland metropolitan area. Media Watch on the Auckland Volcanic Field Story: Click on a range of links to view media stories and risk- related news coverage relevant to the Auckland Volcanic Field. (For use with Press) Theme: Resources This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand License. The authors and DEVORA have taken all reasonable care to ensure the accuracy of the information supplied in this legacy document. However, neither the authors nor DEVORA, warrant that the information contained in this legacy document will be complete or free of errors or inaccuracies. By using this legacy document you accept all liability arising from your use of it. Neither the authors nor DEVORA, will be liable for any loss or damage suffered by any person arising from the use of this legacy document, however caused. DEVORA Determining Volcanic Risk in Auckland ! Media Watch on the Auckland Volcanic Field Media Watch on the Auckland Volcanic Field. Last updated on 07/07/2020. 2019 Volcanic threat in Auckland (December 2019) Following the devastating Whakaari (White Island) eruption in December, there was more interest in understanding the volcanic threat around the rest of New Zealand – including Auckland. -
ANNUAL REPORT 2013 © May 2014
ANNUAL REPORT 2013 © May 2014 The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology PO Box 600 Wellington New Zealand [email protected] www.macdiarmid.ac.nz ISSN 2324-4445 (print) ISSN 2324-447 (online) A note about the title: Making the Invisible, Visible. This year’s report title references a successful nanotechnology public art exhibition called Art of the Invisible hosted by the Institute in 2013. It also plays on the idea that MacDiarmid Institute scientists frequently explore and investigate (and make visible) matter and objects that are so small, they seem invisible. THE MACDIARMID INSTITUTE IMPACT IN 2013 4 for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology ANNUAL REPORT 2013 ABOUT THE MACDIARMID INSTITUTE 6 FOREWORD 10 SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE 12 TURNING FICTION INTO FACT 30 LEADERSHIP 34 THE PHOTON FACTORY SHOOTS AND SCORES 44 INSPIRATION 48 FISH EYES AND MILK POWDER 58 ADVANCEMENT OF NEW ZEALAND 62 LETTING THE SCIENCE LEAD THE WAY 72 GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE 76 DIRECTORY 90 4 THE MACDIARMID INSTITUTE MACDIARMID INSTITUTE HIGHLIGHTS The MacDiarmid Institute’s strategic plan is implemented Scientific leadership and collaboration results in IMPACT IN 2013 successful grant applications, ground-breaking research, commercialisation opportunities and outcomes and research awards ENGAGEMENT THE MACDIARMID INSTITUTE’S WITH MĀORI SCIENTISTS AND PASIFIKA ACCESS STATE- OF-THE ART COMMUNITIES TECHNOLOGY INCREASES & EQUIPMENT The MacDiarmid Institute’s stories and vision is conveyed through channels such as the mainstream and social media Scientific Leading scientists excellence is from New Zealand recognised and throughout the externally in world are supported reports such through a range of as the latest new and existing CoRE report initiatives CONTRIBUTION TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF NEW ZEALAND IS REALISED THROUGH The MacDiarmid Institute is named after New Zealand chemist Alan MacDiarmid who was one of three SCIENCE COMMERCIALISATION AND recipients to win the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2000. -
Analysis of Geo-Hazards Caused by Climate Changes
Landslides and Engineered Slopes – Chen et al. (eds) © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-41196-7 Analysis of geo-hazards caused by climate changes L.M. Zhang Department of Civil Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the effect of climate on the generation of possible geohazards. The rainfall and evaporation changes in Hong Kong in the past four decades are first reviewed based on records from the Hong Kong Observatory. Then the effect of climates on the generation of emerging geohazrzds is analyzed through a series of transient infiltration analyses taking the climate conditions as initial conditions. Three climate conditions; namely, extreme drought condition, extreme wet condition, and steady-state condition, are studied. Extreme yearly weather variations are shown to be the key to the generation of interchanging extreme hazards such as landslides and floods. The analysis results demonstrate that, in a prior extreme drought condition, an intermediate rainfall process can result in large surface runoff and thus surprising floods. In addition, dissipation of suction only occurs in the shallow soils. Hence, storm water infiltration into a dry ground is likely to cause shallow-seated landslides or debris flows under the combined effect of shallow perched ground water and surface erosion from increased runoff. On the other hand, in extremely wet conditions, the ground water table can rise substantially and failure of some slopes that have been stable for a long time can be triggered even by a moderate rainfall event. 1 INTRODUCTION value between 1964 and 2002 being 1405 mm (Figure 1a). -
Assessment of Tsunami-Related Geohazard Assessment for Hersek Peninsula and Gulf of İzmit Coasts Cem Gazioğlu
ISSN:2148-9173 IJEGEO Vol: 4(2) May 2017 International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO) is an international, multidisciplinary, peer reviewed, open access journal. Assessment of Tsunami-related Geohazard Assessment for Hersek Peninsula and Gulf of İzmit Coasts Cem Gazioğlu Editors Prof. Dr. Cem Gazioğlu, Prof. Dr. Dursun Zafer Şeker, Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Tanık, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Şinasi Kaya Scientific Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Abdullah (BL), Assist. Prof. Dr. Alias Abdulrahman (MAL), Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Aksu, (TR); Prof. Dr. Hasan Atar (TR), Prof. Dr. Lale Balas (TR), Prof. Dr. Levent Bat (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Füsun Balık Şanlı (TR), Prof. Dr. Nuray Balkıs Çağlar (TR), Prof. Dr. Bülent Bayram (TR), Prof. Dr. Şükrü T. Beşiktepe (TR), Dr. Luminita Buga (RO); Prof. Dr. Z. Selmin Burak (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Gürcan Büyüksalih (TR), Dr. Jadunandan Dash (UK), Assist. Prof. Dr. Volkan Demir (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hande Demirel (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nazlı Demirel (TR), Dr. Arta Dilo (NL), Prof. Dr. A. Evren Erginal (TR), Dr. Alessandra Giorgetti (IT); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Murat Gündüz (TR), Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz Güneroğlu (TR); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kensuke Kawamura (JAPAN), Dr. Manik H. Kalubarme (INDIA); Prof. Dr. Fatmagül Kılıç (TR), Prof. Dr. Ufuk Kocabaş (TR), Prof. Dr. Hakan Kutoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Nebiye Musaoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Erhan Mutlu (TR), Assist. Prof. Dr. Hakan Öniz (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hasan Özdemir (TR), Prof. Dr. Haluk Özener (TR); Assoc. Prof. Dr. Barış Salihoğlu (TR), Prof. Dr. Elif Sertel (TR), Prof. Dr. Murat Sezgin (TR), Prof. Dr. Nüket Sivri (TR), Assoc. Prof. Dr. Uğur Şanlı (TR), Assoc. -
User Requirements of Riskscape 2.0 Software and Opportunities for Disaster Risk Research in Aotearoa-New Zealand
User Requirements of RiskScape 2.0 Software and Opportunities for Disaster Risk Research in Aotearoa-New Zealand K-L Thomas RJ Woods R Garlick FR Scheele MA Coomer R Paulik LB Clarke GNS Science Report 2020/10 June 2020 DISCLAIMER The Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited (GNS Science) and its funders give no warranties of any kind concerning the accuracy, completeness, timeliness or fitness for purpose of the contents of this report. GNS Science accepts no responsibility for any actions taken based on, or reliance placed on the contents of this report and GNS Science and its funders exclude to the full extent permitted by law liability for any loss, damage or expense, direct or indirect, and however caused, whether through negligence or otherwise, resulting from any person’s or organisation’s use of, or reliance on, the contents of this report. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE Thomas K-L, Woods RJ, Garlick R, Scheele FR, Coomer MA, Paulik R, Clarke LB. 2020. User requirements of RiskScape 2.0 software and opportunities for disaster risk research in Aotearoa-New Zealand. Lower Hutt (NZ): GNS Science. 83 p. (GNS Science report; 2020/10). doi:10.21420/10.21420/RVDT-8R62. K-L Thomas, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand RJ Woods, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R Garlick, Catalyst IT, PO Box 11053, Wellington 6012, New Zealand MA Coomer, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand FR Scheele, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand R Paulik, NIWA, Private Bag 14901, Wellington 6241, New Zealand LB Clarke, GNS Science, PO Box 30368, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand © Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited, 2020 www.gns.cri.nz ISSN 2350-3424 (online) ISBN 978-1-99-001030-9 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.21420/RVDT-8R62 CONTENTS ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................