Analog & Interface Solutions

Fall 2012

Signal Chain Design Guide Devices For Use With Sensors

Design ideas in this guide use the following devices. A complete device list and corresponding data sheets for these products can be found at www.microchip.com/analog. Operational Instrumentation Comparators Analog-to-Digital Digital Digital-to-Analog Voltage Temperature Amplifiers Amplifiers Converters Potentiometers Converters References Sensors MCP6XX MCP6NXX MCP654X MCP30XX MCP40XX MCP47XX MCP1525 MCP98XX MCP6XXX MCP656X MCP32XX MCP40D1X MCP48XX MCP1541 MCP9700/A MCP6VXX MCP65R4X MCP33XX MCP41XX MCP49XX MCP9701/A MCP6HXX MCP34XX MCP42XX MCP47DA1 MCP35XX MCP43XX MCP47A1 MCP39XX MCP45XX TC132X MCP46XX MCP41XXX MCP42XXX www.microchip.com www.microchip.com/analogtools Signal Chain Overview

Typical sensor applications involve the monitoring of The MCU controls the actuators and maintains the sensor parameters and controlling of actuators. The operation of the sensor signal conditioning circuits based sensor signal chain, as shown below, consists of analog on the condition of the signal detection. In the digital and digital domains. Typical sensors output very low to analog feedback path, the digital-to-analog converter amplitude analog signals. These weak analog signals (DAC), digital potentiometer and Pulse-Width-Modulator are amplified and filtered, and converted to digital values (PWM) devices are most commonly used. The MOSFET using op amps, analog-to-digital or voltage-to-frequency driver is commonly used for the interface between the converters, and are processed at the MCU. The analog feedback circuit and actuators such as motors and valves. sensor output typically needs proper signal conditioning Microchip offers a large portfolio of devices for signal before it gets converted to a digital signal. chain applications.

Typical Sensor Signal Chain Control Loop

Analog Domain Digital Domain Sensors Indicator (LCD, LED) Reference Voltage ADC/ Filter MUX V-to-Freq

Amp

PIC® MCU or dsPIC® DSC Digital Potentiometer Actuators

Motors, Valves, Driver Relays, Switches, (MOSFET) DAC/PWM Speakers, Horns, Op Amp LEDs

2 Signal Chain Design Guide Sensor Overview

Many system applications require the measurement of a There are sensors that respond to these phenomena by physical or electrical condition, or the presence or absence producing the following electrical properties: of a known physical, electrical or chemical quantity. Analog ■■ Voltage sensors are typically used to indicate the magnitude or ■■ Current change in the environmental condition, by reacting to the ■■ Resistance condition and generating a change in an electrical property ■ Capacitance as a result. ■ ■■ Charge Typical phenomena that are measured are: This electrical property is then conditioned by an analog ■■ Electrical signal and properties circuit before being driven to a digital circuit. In this way, ■■ Magnetic signal and properties the environmental condition can be “measured” and the ■■ Temperature system can make decisions based on the result. ■■ Humidity The table below provides an overview of typical ■■ Force, weight, torque and pressure phenomena, the type of sensor commonly used to measure ■■ Motion and vibration the phenomena and electrical output of the sensor. ■■ Flow For additional information, please refer to ■■ Fluid level and volume Application Note AN990. ■■ Light and infrared ■■ Chemistry/gas Summary Of Common Physical Conditions and Related Sensor Types Phenomena Sensor Electrical Output Hall Effect Voltage Magnetic Magneto-Resistive Resistance Thermocouple Voltage RTD Resistance Temperature Thermistor Resistance IC Voltage Infrared Current Capacitive Capacitance Humidity Infrared Current Strain Gauge Resistance/Voltage Load Cell Resistance Force, Weight, Torque, Pressure Piezoelectric Voltage or Charge Mechanical Transducer Resistance, Voltage, Capacitance LVDT AC Voltage Piezoelectric Voltage or Charge Motion and Vibration Microphone Voltage Ultrosonic Voltage, Resistive, Current Accelerometer Voltage Magnetic Flowmeter Voltage Mass Flowmeter Resistance/Voltage Flow Ultrasound/Doppler Frequency Hot-wire Anemometer Resistance Mechanical Transducer (turbine) Voltage Ultrasound Time Delay Mechanical Transducer Resistance/Voltage Fluid Level and Volume Capacitor Capacitance Switch On/Off Thermal Voltage Capacitance Voltage Touch Inductance Current Resistance Frequency Capacitance Voltage, Frequency Proximity Inductance Current, Frequency Resistance Voltage, Current Light Photodiode Current pH Electrode Voltage Solution Conductivity Resistance/Current Chemical CO Sensor Voltage or Charge Photodiode (turbidity, colorimeter) Current Ion Sensor Current

Signal Chain Design Guide 3 Product Overviews

Operational Amplifiers (Op Amps) Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) Microchip Technology offers a broad portfolio of op amp The MCP6S21/2/6/8 and MCP6S91/2/3 PGA families families built on advanced CMOS technology. These give the designer digital control over an amplifier using families are offered in single, dual and quad configurations, a serial interface (SPI bus). An input analog multiplexer which are available in space saving packages. with 1, 2, 6 or 8 inputs can be set to the desired input signal. The gain can be set to one of eight non-inverting These op amp families include devices with Quiescent gains: + 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16 and 32 V/V. In addition, a Current (Iq) per amplifier between 0.45 µA and 6 mA, software shutdown mode offers significant power savings with a Gain Bandwidth Product (GBWP) between 9 kHz for portable embedded designs. This is all achieved in and 60 MHz, respectively. The op amp with lowest supply one simple integrated part that allows for considerably voltage (Vdd) operates between 1.4V and 6.0V, while the op greater bandwidth, while maintaining a low supply current. amp with highest Vdd operates between 6.5V and 16.0V. Systems with multiple sensors are significantly simplified. These op amp families fall into the following categories: The MCP6G01 family are analog Selectable Gain Amplifiers General Purpose, Precision (including EPROM Trimmed and (SGA). The Gain Select input pin(s) set a gain of + 1 V/V, mCal Technology) and Zero-Drift. +10 V/V and + 50 V/V. The Chip Select pin on the Instrumentation Amplifiers (INA) MCP6G03 puts it into shutdown to conserve power. Microchip has expanded its portfolio of amplifiers with the Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) industry’s first instrumentation amplifier featuring mCal Microchip offers a broad portfolio of high-precision technology. The MCP6N11 features rail-to-rail input and Delta-Sigma, SAR and Dual Slope A/D Converters. The output, 1.8V operation and low offset/offset drift. MCP3550/1/3 Delta-Sigma ADCs offer up to 22-bit resolution with only 120 μA typical current consumption Comparators in a small 8-pin MSOP package. The MCP3421 is a single Microchip offers a broad portfolio of low-power and channel 18-bit Delta-Sigma ADC and is available in a small high-speed comparators. The MCP6541 and MCP6561 6-pin SOT-23 package. It includes a voltage reference family of comparators provide ultra low power, 600 nA and PGA. The user can select the conversion resolution typical, and higher speed with 40 ns propagation delay, up to 18 bits. The MCP3422/3 and the MCP3424 are respectively. Both families of comparators are available two channel and four channel versions, respectively, of with single, dual and quad, as well as with push-pull and the MCP3421 device. The MCP300X (10-bit), MCP320X open-drain output options (for MCP6546 and MCP6566). (12-bit) and MCP330X (13-bit) SAR ADCs combine high The MCP65R41 and MCP65R46 family of push-pull and performance and low power consumption in a small open-drain output comparators are offered with integrated package, making them ideal for embedded control reference voltages of 1.21V and 2.4V receptively. This applications. The MCP3911 analog front end offer two family provides ±1% typical tolerance while consuming simultaneously sampled 24-bit Delta-Sigma ADCs making 2.5 μA and high speed with 4μs propagation delay. These it ideal for voltage and current measurement, and other comparators operate with a single-supply voltage as low data acquisition applications. as 1.8V to 5.5V, which makes them ideal for low cost and/or battery powered applications. The “Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide” (Microchip Document No. 21841) shows various application examples of the ADC devices. Microchip also offers many high accuracy energy metering devices which are based on the Delta-Sigma ADC cores. The “Complete Utility Metering Solution Guide” (Microchip Document No: 24930) offers detailed solutions for metering applications.

4 Signal Chain Design Guide Product Overviews

Voltage References Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) Microchip offers the MCP15XX family of low power and low Microchip’s family of Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) dropout precision Voltage References. The family includes offer a wide range of options. These devices support the the MCP1525 with an output voltage of 2.5V and the 6-bit through 12-bit applications. Offering both volatile MCP1541 with an output voltage of 4.096V. Microchip’s and non-volatile options, and standard SPI and I2C digital voltage references are offered in SOT23-3 and TO-92 interfaces. These devices are offered in small packages packages. such as 6-lead SC70, SOT-23 and DFN (2 × 2) for the single output devices and 10-pin MSOP for quad output Temperature Sensors devices. Some versions support selecting either the Microchip offers a broad portfolio of thermal management device Vdd, the external voltage reference or an internally products, including Logic Output, Voltage Output and generated voltage reference source from the DAC circuitry. Serial Output temperature sensors. These products allow Devices with nonvolatile memory (EEPROM) allow the the system designer to implement the device that best device to retain the programmed output code and DAC meets the application requirements. Key features include state through power down events. high accuracy (such as MCP9808, with ±0.5°C maximum These DAC devices provide high accuracy and low noise accuracy from −20°C to 100°C), low power, extended and are ideal for industrial applications where calibration temperature range and small packages. In addition, other or compensation of signals (such as temperature, Microchip products can be used to support Thermocouple, pressure or humidity) is required. RTD and Thermistor applications. Digital Potentiometers Microchip’s family of digital potentiometers offer a wide range of options. These devices support the 6-bit through 8-bit applications. Offering both volatile and non-volatile options, with digital interfaces from the simple Up/Down interface to the standard SPI and I2C™ interfaces. These devices are offered in small packages such as 6-lead SC70 and 8-lead DFN for the single potentiometer devices, 14-lead TSSOP and 16-lead QFN packages for the dual potentiometer devices, and 20-lead TSSOP and QFN packages for the quad potentiometer devices. Non-volatile devices offer a Wiperlock™ Technology feature, while volatile devices will operate down to 1.8V. Resistances are offered from 2.1 kΩ to 100 kΩ. Over 50 device configurations are currently available. The “Digital Potentiometer Design Guide” (Microchip Document No. 22017), shows various application examples of the digital potentiometer devices.

Signal Chain Design Guide 5 Local Sensors

Local Sensing Sensors and Applications Local sensors are located relatively close to their signal Single Sensors conditioning circuits, and the noise environment is not ■  severe; most of these sensors are single ended (not ■ Thermistors for battery chargers and power supply differential). Non-inverting amplifiers are a good choice for temperature protection amplifying most of these sensors’ output because they ■■ Humidity Sensors for process control have high input impedance, and require a minimal amount ■■ Pyroelectric infrared intrusion alarms, motion detection of discrete components. and garage door openers ■■ Smoke and fire sensors for home and office Key Amplifier Features ■■ Charge amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducer detection ■■ Low cost ■■ Thermistor for battery chargers and home thermostats • General purpose op amps ■■ LVDT position and rotation sensors for industrial control ■■ High precision ■■ Hall effect sensors for engine speed sensing and • Low offset op amps door openers • Zero-drift op amps ■■ Photoelectric infrared detector • Low noise op amps ■■ Photoelectric motion detectors, flame detectors, ■■ Rail-to-rail input/output intrusion alarms • Most op amp families ■■ Sensing resistor for current detection ■■ High input impedance • Op amps with CMOS inputs Multiple Local Sensors ■ Temperature measurement at multiple points on a Printed ■■ Low power and portable applications ■ Circuit Board (PCB) • Low power op amps ■■ Sensors that require temperature correction ■■ High voltage ■■ Weather measurements (temperature, pressure, • High voltage op amps humidity, light) ■■ High bandwidth and slew rate • High speed op amps Capacitive Humidity Sensor Circuit ■■ Load drive (PIC16F690DM-PCTLHS) • High output drive op amps

Classic Gain Amplifier VDD_DIG

C1 – 100 nF

U1 RINT + 6.65 MΩ VINT VOUT PIC16F690 P1 IINT

+ P4 - MCP6XX, CSEN pH Monitor MCP6XXX VSEN Timer1 P2 VCM

P3 CCG High Side Current Sensing Amplifier VDD C2 SR R R Latch 1 2 VREF 100 nF V1

– RCM1

VDD 20 kΩ + Comparator U2 + VOUT MCP6291 SEN ISEN

R MCP6HXX – VREF RCM2 20 kΩ CCM 100 nF

V2

R1 R2

SEN R << R1, R2 R VOUT = (V – V ) 2 + VREF 1 2 ( ) R1

6 Signal Chain Design Guide Remote Sensors

Remote Sensing Differential Amplifier All sensors in a high noise environment should be considered as remote sensors. Also, sensors not located

on the same PCB as the signal conditioning circuitry are VRE F remote. Remote sensing applications typically use a EMI – differential amplifier or an instrumentation amplifier.

EMI + VOUT Key Amplifier Features MCP6VXX ■■ Differential input MCP616 ■■ Large CMR ■■ Small Vos Thermocouple Circuit Using an INA Products + ■■ High Precision Input INA THJ Filter + • Low Offset Op Amps (Hot Junction) – ADC – 2 • Auto-zeroed Op Amps TCJ MCU • Low Noise Op Amps (Cold Junction) VREF Sensors and Applications Temp. Sensor 2 ■■ High temperature sensors • Thermocouples for stoves, engines and process control • RTDs for ovens and process control ■■ Wheatstone Bridges • Pressure sensors for automotive and industrial control • Strain gauges for engines ■■ Low side current monitors for motors and batteries

Signal Chain Design Guide 7 Weight and Pressure Sensing Applications

Weight and pressure measurement have been among The following circuit shows an example of pressure the most popular applications for medical, industrial, measurement using the MCP3551 22-bit Delta-Sigma automotive and consumer industries. In recent years, ADC. In this example, the MCP3551 is directly connected the MEMS pressure/accelerometer devices have to the NPP-301 sensor output without using the sensor become widely used in many applications and support signal conditioning circuit. Since the MCP3551 uses an our modern life style. The majority of weight scale and external reference input, the same supply voltage is used pressure measurement circuits use bridge type ratiometric for the ADC reference and Vdd, and the sensor excitation. configuration. In this case, the output voltage range Therefore, the variation in the sensor excitation source is from the sensor circuit is proportional to the excitation naturally cancelled out. voltage. The following circuit shows an example weight measurement application. In the figure, the output from Example of Pressure Measurement Circuit the load cell is amplified by the low noise op amplifier and Configuration using the MCP3551 Device fed to the MCP3421 18-bit delta sigma ADC. 0.1 µF 1.0 µF

Example of Weight Measurement Circuit To VDD NPP-301 1 8 Configuration (MCP3421DM-WS) 2 VREF VDD R2 VIN+ VExcitation SCK SPI ½ MCP6V02 0.00 MCP3551 SDO MCU + R1 R3 Load Cell PSI VIN- CS 5, 6, 7 – 3 VSS 4 MCP3421 R4

ADC PIC® MCU

∆V ~ [(∆R2+ ∆R4) - (∆R1+∆R3)]/4R * VDD + With R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 = R – ½ MCP6V02

Sensor Signal Conditioning

8 Signal Chain Design Guide Voltage and Current Measurement

DC Voltage and Current Measurement Battery Fuel Management by Measuring DC voltage and current measurement can be easily done Battery Voltage and Current by using low speed high resolution Delta Sigma ADC such By measuring the battery voltage and current, an intelligent as MCP3421 and MCP3422 family devices. The MCP3421 battery fuel management algorithm can be developed. is a single channel device while the MCP3422 is a dual The figure below shows an example of battery fuel channel device, which can measure the voltage and management circuit. The MCP3422 measures both voltage current using the same device. and current draws of the battery, and the system tracks The following circuits show simple example of Battery how much the battery fuel has been used and remained. voltage and current measurement using the MCP3421. The MCU controls the MCP73831 for the recharging of the The MCP3421 uses internal reference voltage of 2.048V. single cell Li-Ion battery If the input voltage is greater than the reference, it needs a voltage divider to bring down the input full scale range Example Circuit for Battery Fuel Management by below the reference voltage. This example is shown in measuring Battery Voltage and Current example circuit (a). In the current measurement, the ADC is simply connected across a simple shunt current sensor Battery Fuel Charger as shown in the figure. The current is calculated using the Charging Current S2 VBAT measured voltage value and a known shunt’s resistance MCP73831 value. The MCP3421 has a differential input and the MSb CH B Decharging S1 in the output bit represents the direction of the current. Current STAT PROG R1 Load MCP3422 Voltage Measurement Using MCP3421 Device CH A MCU Battery

(a) If VREF < VBAT (b) If VREF > VBAT R2 R3

R1 VIN + + Battery Fuel Measurement VBAT ADC ADC VBAT – –

R2 MCP3421 MCP3421

MCU MCU

______R2 VIN = ( R1 + R2 ) ● (VBAT) (R1 + R2) 1 V = ADC Output Codes ● LSB ● ______● _____ Measured R2 PGA Reference Voltage LSB = ______2 N–1 Reference Voltage 2.048V LSB of 18-bit ADC = ______= ______= 15.625 µV 2 N–1 217

Current Measurement Using MCP3421 Device

Current Sensor To Load

Charging Discharging Current Current + –

Battery ADC MCP3421

MCU

Current = (Measured Voltage)/(Known Resistance Value of Current Sensor) Direction of current is determined by sign bit (Msb bit) of the ADC output code.

Signal Chain Design Guide 9 Voltage and Current Measurement

AC Voltage and Current Measurement Shunt resistors are a common and low cost method for AC voltage and current measurement can be done current sensing. Isolated methods include the use of Current by using energy metering Delta Sigma ADC such as transformers and Rogowski coils. The Current Measurement MCP39XX devices. The Three-Phase Current and Voltage using Rogowski Coil figure shows an example of the current Measurement figure below shows an example of measurement using the Rogowski coil. The Rogowski coil measuring three-phase current using the MCP3911. The picks-up the electro-magnetic field (EMF) produced by the measured data is processed by the PIC24F. current at the center. This EMF is measured as voltage. The voltage is integrated so that the output is a voltage that represents the current waveform.

Example of Three-Phase Current and Voltage Measurement Using the MCP3911 Energy Metering Delta-Sigma ADC

~ AC LCD Driver LCD Panel

Shunt GPIO I2C™ EEPROM ×3 PIC24FJ256GA110 Smart Card Current Family SPI Sampling SPI Reader MCP3911 Voltage Sampling Prepayment Flash RAM Card 128–256 kB 16 kB

Power Supply UART RS485 UART PLC UART IrDA® Low Voltage ADC Detect 10-bit UART RS485 Battery 16 ch RTCC Load 32 KHz NTC Thermistor

Current Measurement Using Rogowski Coil C1 B-Field

I(t) R1

VDD R2 1 VOUT ADC

2 VIN

10 Signal Chain Design Guide Temperature Sensing Solutions

Thermistor Solution Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) Thermistors are non-linear and require a look up table for Solutions compensation. The solution is to use Microchip’s Linear Active Thermistors, the MCP9700 and the MCP9701. RTD Solution with Precision Delta-Sigma ADC These are low-cost voltage output temperature sensors Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTDs) are highly accurate that replace almost any Thermistor application solutions. and repeatable temperature sensing elements. When Unlike resistive type sensors such as Thermistors, the using these sensors a robust instrumentation circuit is signal conditioning at the non-linear region and noise required and it is typically used in high performance thermal immunity circuit development overhead can be avoided by management applications such as medical instrumentation. using the low-cost Linear Active Thermistors. The voltage Microchip’s RTD solution uses a high performance Delta- output pin (Vout) can be directly connected to the ADC Sigma Analog to Digital converter, two external resistors, and a input of a microcontroller. The MCP9700/9700A and reference voltage to measure RTD resistance or temperature MCP9701/9701A temperature coefficients are scaled ratiometrically. A ±0.1°C accuracy and ±0.01°C measurement to provide a 1°C/bit resolution for an 8-bit ADC with a resolution can be achieved across the RTD temperature range reference voltage of 2.5V and 5V, respectively.The MCP9700 of −200°C to +800°C with a single point calibration. and MCP9701 sensors output can be compensated for This solution uses a common reference voltage to bias improved sensor accuracy as shown below, refer to the the RTD and the ADC which provides a ratio-metric relation AN1001 application note. between the ADC resolution and the RTD temperature MCP9700 and MCP9701 Key Features resolution. Only one biasing resistor, RA, is needed to set the measurement resolution ratio (shown in equation below). ■■ SC70, TO92 packages ■■ Operating temperature range: −40°C to +150°C RTD Resistance ■■ Temperature Coeffi cient: 10 mV/°C (MCP9700) Code ■■ Temperature Coeffi cient: 19.5 mV/°C (MCP9701) RRTD = RA n − 1 (2 − Code) ■■ Low power: 6 μA (typ.) Where: Applications Code = ADC output code ■ Refrigeration equipment ■ R = Biasing resistor ■■ Power supply over temperature protection A ■■ General purpose temperature monitoring n = ADC number of bits (22 bits with sign, MCP3551) Typical Sensor Accuracy Before and After For instance, a 2V ADC reference voltage (Vref) results in Compensation a 1 μV/LSb (Least Significant Bit) resolution. Setting RA = RB = 6.8 kΩ provides 111.6 μV/°C temperature coefficient (PT100 RTD with 0.385Ω/°C temperature coefficient). This provides 0.008°C/LSb temperature measurement resolution for the entire range of 20Ω to 320Ω or −200°C to +800°C. A single point calibration with a 0.1% 100Ω resistor provides ±0.1°C accuracy as shown in the figure below. This approach provides a plug-and-play solution with minimum adjustment. However, the system accuracy depends on several factors such as the RTD type, biasing circuit tolerance and stability, error due to power dissipation or self-heat, and RTD non-linear characteristics. This solution can be evaluated using Microchip’s RTD Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-RTD2). RTD Instrumentation Circuit Block Diagram and Output Performance (see Application Note AN1154)

VDD VLDO LDO 0.1 C* C* RB 5% 0.05 VREF

1 µF 0 RA 1%

-0.05 VDD VREF + Measured Accuracy (°C) ® MCP3551 RTD PIC 3 -0.1 MCU – SPI -200 0 200 400 600 800 Temperature (°C)

*See LDO Data Sheet at: www.microchip.com/LDO

Signal Chain Design Guide 11 Temperature Sensing Solutions

Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) Thermocouple Sensor Solutions Solutions Thermocouple Solution with Precision RTD Solution with RC Oscillators Delta-Sigma ADC RC oscillators offer several advantages in precision Delta-Sigma ADCs can be used to directly measure sensing applications. They do not require an Analog-to- thermocouple voltage. Microchip’s MCP3421 ADC can Digital Converter (ADC), and oscillator can be directly be used to accurately measure temperature using a connected to an Input/Output pin of a microcontroller Thermocouple. The device provides a plug and play solution to measure change in frequency proportional to sensor for various types of thermocouples, greatly simplifying the output. The accuracy of the frequency measurement is circuit design. In this case, the Thermocouple linearization directly related to the quality of the microcontroller’s clock routine is implemented in firmware or software. Cold signal, and high-frequency oscillators for the controller are Junction Compensation is implemented using Microchip’s available with accuracies of better than 10 ppm. stand alone digital temperature sensors, such as the ±0.5C accurate MCP9808. The oscillator circuits shown in the Oscillator Circuits For Sensors section can be used for this method. The This solution can be evaluated using Microchip’s variable resistor of the circuits (Figure: Oscillator Circuits Thermocouple Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1). for Resistive Sensors) are replaced with the RTD sensor. There is an example of a state variable RC oscillator, which Thermocouple Solution with Auto-Zero’ed Op Amp provides an output frequency that is proportional to the square root of the product of the two RTD resistances Thermocouple 1/2 PIC18F2550 MCP3421 (α 1/(R1 × R2) ). A second example shows the USB PIC® 18-bit ADC relaxation oscillator (or astable multi-vibrator), which Microcontroller 2 provides a square wave output with a single comparator. Thermal Pad The state variable RC oscillator is good for precision applications, while the relaxation oscillator is an MCP9804 Temp. Sensor alternative for cost-sensitive applications. 2

RTD Solution with Instrumentation Amplifier Microchip’s auto-zeroed op amp can be used to accurately This Wheatstone bridge reference design board measure thermocouple voltage. The MCP6V01 op amp demonstrates the performance of Microchip’s MCP6N11 ultra low offset voltage and high common mode rejection instrumentation amplifier (INA) and a traditional three op amp makes it ideal for low cost thermocouple applications. INA using Microchip’s MCP6V26 and MCP6V27 auto-zeroed The MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto-Zeroed Reference op amps. The input signal comes from an RTD temperature design demonstrates how to accurately measure sensor in a Wheatstone bridge. Real world interference is temperature (MCP6V01RD-TCPL). added to the bridge’s output, to provide realistic performance comparisons. Data is gathered and displayed on a PC, for Wireless Temperature Monitoring Solution ease of use. The USB PIC® microcontroller and included Graphical User Interface (GUI) provides the means to 2.4 GHz configure the board and collect sample data.

Heat ∑ MCP6N11 and MCP6V2X Wheatstone Bridge 18-bit ∆ ADC Reference Design (ARD00354) + MCP3421 MRF24J40 – PC (Thermal Management Software) (Thermocouple)

Using USB MCP9804 VDD Temp Sensor PIC® MCU PIC18F2550 (USB) Microcontroller ±1°C

PWM 12-bit ADC Module

PWM Coupling RTD

Input + Filter INA – Output Filter

VREF

12 Signal Chain Design Guide Temperature Sensing Solutions

Temperature Measurements Using 4 Channel ADC (MCP3424) See Thermocouple Reference Design (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1) Thermocouple Sensor Isothermal Block Isothermal Block (Cold Junction) (Cold Junction)

MCP3424 MCP9804 Delta-Sigma ADC MCP9804 1 CH1+ CH4- 14 SCL 2 CH1- CH4+ 13 SDA SDA 3 CH2+ CH3- 12 SCL 4 CH2- CH3+ 11 0.1 µF 5 VSS Adr1 10 VDD 6 VDD Adr0 9 7 SDA SCL 8 MCP9804 MCP9804 10 µF Heat SDA SCL SCL SCL

SDA To MCU SDA

5 kΩ 5 kΩ VDD

Signal Chain Design Guide 13 Programmable Gain

Programmable Amplifier Gain Using a The feedback capacitor (Cf) is used for circuit stability. Digital Potentiometer The device’s wiper resistance (Rw) is ignored for first order Many sensors require their signal to be amplified before calculations. This is due to it being in series with the op being converted to a digital representation. This signal amp input resistance and the op amp input impedance is gain may be done with and operational amplifier. Since very large. all sensors will have some variation in their operational characteristics, it may be desirable to calibrate the gain Circuit Gain Equation Rbw of the operational amplifier to ensure an optimal output V out = − × Vin voltage range. Raw The figure below shows two inverting amplifier with Rab Rbw = × Wiper Code programmable gain circuits. The generic circuit (a) where # of Resistors R1, R2, and Pot1 can be used to tune the gain of the inverting amplifier, and the simplified circuit (b) which removes resistors R and R and just uses the digital # of Resistors − Wiper Code 1 2 Raw = × Rab potentiometers Raw and Rbw ratio to control the gain. # of Resistors The simplified circuit reduces the cost and board area but there are trade-offs (for the same resistance and Programmable Gain Amplifier resolution), Using the R1 and R2 resistors allows the The MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board range of the gain to be limited and therefore each digital features the MCP6S22 and MCP6S92 Programmable Gain potentiometer step is a fine adjust within that range. Amplifiers (PGA). These devices overcome the non-linear While in the simplified circuit, the range is not limited and response of a NTC thermistor, multiplex between two therefore each digital potentiometer step causes a larger inputs and provide gain. It demonstrates the possibility of variation in the gain. measuring multiple sensors and reducing the number of The following equation shows how to calculate the gain PIC microcontroller I/O pins used. Two on-board variable for the simplified circuit (figure below). The gain is the resistors allow users to experiment with different designs ratio of the digital potentiometers wiper position on the on the bench. Rab resistor ladder. As the wiper moves away from the A complete solution is achieved by interfacing this board midscale value, the gain will either become greater then to the PICkit™ 1 Flash Starter Kit (see DS40051) and the one (as wiper moves towards Terminal A), or less then one Signal Analysis PICtail Daughter Board (see DS51476). (as wiper moves towards Terminal B). MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail™ Demo Board Inverting Amplifier with Programmable Gain Circuits (MCP6SX2DM-PICTLTH) Generic Circuit (a) Hardware Software Pot1 R1 R2 PICkit™ 1 Serial Analysis AB PC VIN PC Program W

CF USB –

PICkit 1 PICkit 1

Op Amp(1) Flash Starter Kit Firmware + VOUT 14

Signal Analysis PICA2Dlab.hex PICtail Daughter Board Firmware Simplified Circuit (b) 14 Pot1 AB MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor Input PICtail Demo Board W

CF MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor Signal Analysis PICkit™ 1 – PICtail™ Demo Board PICtail Daughter Board Flash Starter Kit Thermistor Temperature (1) +5 Thermistor Op Amp Test Point

Serial

+5 +5 + VOUT EEPROM GND Test Point Voltage GND GND Divider 4 CH0 Input SPI™ Bus Test Point 4 PIC16F684 USB Note 1: A general purpose op amp, such as the MCP6001. PGA PIC16F745 to PC SPI Bus CH1 Input MCP6S22 ADC Test Point VOUT

14 Signal Chain Design Guide Sensor Calibration/Compensation

Sensor Characteristics Typically during the manufacturing stage the test system Sensor characteristics vary, both for device to device as will write this compensation data into some non-volatile well as for a given device over the operating conditions. To memory in the system which the microcontroller will use optimize system operation, this sensor variation may during normal operation to adjust the Vos voltage. require some compensation. This compensation may In this second case, the sensor generates an output simply address device to device variation, or be more current. Photodiodes are a typical sensors that generate a dynamic to also address the variations of the device over current output, and can vary ±30% at +25°C (unit-to-unit). the operating conditions. The system voltage and temperature may effect the sensor output characteristics Current to Voltage such as output voltage offset and linearity. This A simple current to voltage converter circuit (see Figure conditioning circuit can also be used to optimize the range below), is used to create a voltage on the output of the op of the sensors conditioned signal into the Analog-to-Digital amp (V1), which can then be compensated. In this circuit, conversion circuit. the photodiodes Ipd current times the Rf resistance equals the voltage at the op amps output (V ). The Rf resistance Conditioning 1 needs to be selected so that at the minimum Ipd(max) Circuit Analog-to-Digital Sensor (Optimizes Sensor’s Conversion current, the Vout voltage is at the maximum input voltage Output) for the next stage of the signal chain. Typically this will be done when the DAC or Digital Potentiometer is at Full Depending on the sensor, the sensor’s output may either Scale (so Vout ≈ V1). For photodiodes where the Ipd(max) be voltage or a current. A possible compensation circuit current exceeds the minimum Ipd(max) current (increasing for each output type will be discussed. the V1 voltage), the DAC or Digital Potentiometer Wiper code be programmed to attenuate the that V1 voltage to In this first case, the sensor generates an output voltage. the desired Vout max voltage. This then compensates for Temperature sensors are typical sensors that generate a the variation of the photodiode‘s Ipd current. voltage output which varies unit to unit. Photodiode Calibration (Trans-Impedance Amplifier) Voltage Control CF A simple voltage control circuit (see figure below) can ensure that the sensors output voltage is optimized to the input range of the next stage in the signal chain. This RF circuit is a gain amplifier, where the R1 and R2 resistances

determine the amplifier’s gain. The amplifier’s output dd ss – voltage range is limited by the V and V voltages. VPD Controlling the Vos voltage can optimize the Vout voltage profile, based on the sensor’s output voltage (Vsen).

C(1) Op Amp V1 Inverting Amplifier (Voltage Gain) IPD + A VOUT R2 RAB

B CN

VDD

R1 – This device can be a non-volatile version so that at VSEN VIN

Op Amp system power up the voltage attenuation is at the level, + VOUT programmed during manufacturing test, to address the sensor’s device to device variation. If dynamic control VOS is desired, the DAC or Digital Potentiometer can be interfaced to a microcontroller so that dynamic changes VDD to the voltage attenuation compensate for the system Either a DAC or a Digital Potentiometer can be used to conditions and non-linearity of the sensor. Typically during control the voltage at Vos. This device can be a non- the manufacturing stage the test system will write this volatile version so that at system power up the Vos compensation data into some non-volatile memory in the voltage is at the calibrated voltage, programmed during system which the microcontroller will use during normal manufacturing test, to address the sensor’s device to operation to adjust the voltage attenuation. device variation. If dynamic control is desired, the DAC or Cf may be used to stabilize the op amp. Additional Digital Potentiometer can be interfaced to a microcontroller information on Amplifying High-Impedance Sensors is so that dynamic changes to the Vos voltage compensate available in Application Note AN951. for the system conditions and non-linearity of the sensor.

Signal Chain Design Guide 15 Sensor Calibration/Compensation

Setting the DC Set Point for Sensor Circuit If G = 2 is selected, the internal 2.048 Vref would A common DAC application is digitally controlling the set produce 1 mV of resolution. If a smaller output step size point and/or calibration of parameters in a signal chain. is desired, the output range would need to be reduced. The figure below shows controlling the DC set point of a So, using gain of 1 is a better choice than using gain of 2 light detector sensor using the MCP4728 12-bit quad DAC configuration option for smaller step size, but its full-scale device. The DAC provides 4096 output steps. If G = 1 and range is one half of that of the gain of 2. Using a voltage internal reference voltage options are selected, then the divider at the DAC output is another method for obtaining a smaller step size. internal 2.048 Vref would produce 500 µV of resolution.

Setting the DC Set Point

Light VDD

Comparator 1 RSENSE –

1 R VTRIP1 +

MCP6544(1/4) R2 0.1 µF

Light VDD

VDD Comparator 2 RSENSE –

0.1 µF 10 µF 1 R VTRIP2 +

R3 MCP6544(2/4) R2 0.1 µF R4 VDD 1 10 VSS R5 SCL 2 9 VOUT D R6 SDA 3 MCP4728 8 VOUT C

LDAC VOUT B 4 7 Light VDD RDY/BSY 5 6 VOUT A Analog Outputs

Quad DAC

Comparator 3



RSENSE –



To MCU R1 VTRIP3 + 

MCP6544(3/4) R2 0.1 µF

Light VDD VOUT = VREF x Dn GX 4096

R2 Comparator 4 VTRIP = VOUT x –

R1 + R2 RSENSE Where Dn = Input Code (0 to 4095) R1 VTRIP4 + GX = Gain Selection (x1 or x2) MCP6544(4/4) R2 0.1 µF

16 Signal Chain Design Guide Oscillator Circuits For Sensors

Oscillator Circuits for Sensors Some of their advantages and features are: RC oscillators can accurately and quickly measure resistive ■■ Low cost and capacitive sensors. The oscillator period (or frequency) ■■ Reliable oscillation startup is measured against a reference clock signal, so no ■■ Square wave output analog-to-digital convertor is needed. ■■ Frequency ∝ 1/(R1C1) State-Variable Oscillators Sensors and Applications State-variable oscillators have reliable start-up, low These oscillator circuits are applicable to various type of sensitivity to stray capacitances and multiple output sensors. configurations (sine wave or square wave). They can use Resistive Sensors one or two resistive sensors, and they can use one or two State Variable Oscillator: C4 capacitive sensors. ■■ RTDs ■■ Thermistors Some of their advantages and features are: 1 C1 2 ■ Humidity R R2 C R3 R4 R7 R8

■■ Precision ■

VOUT

– – ■■ Reliable oscillation startup –

Capacitive Sensors +

+ + ■ Sine or square wave output + ■ ■■ Humidity 1/2 VREF REF ■ Frequency ∝ /(R R C C ) U1a V VREF VREF – ■ 1 1 2 1 2 ■■ Pressure (e.g., absolute quartz) U1b U1c U2 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP65X1 Relaxation Oscillators ■■ Fluid Level Relaxation oscillators have reliable start-up, low cost and Related Application Notes: square wave output. They can use a resistive sensor or a U1d – AN895: Oscillator CircuitsMCP6XX4 for RTD TemperatureV REFSensors capacitive sensor. + AN866: .Designing Operational. .Amplifier . Oscillator Circuits

for Sensor ApplicationsNotes: In AN895, R1 = RTDA and R2 = RTDA. A resistive divider to VDD Available on the Microchipsets web VREF site (VDD at:/2 iswww.microchip.com recommended). . Oscillator Circuits for Resistive Sensors

State Variable Oscillator: C4 Relaxation Oscillator: State Variable Oscillator: C4 VDD

R1 C1 R2 C2 R3 R4 R7 R8 R2 R1 C1 R4 R2 C2 R3 R4 R7 R8

VOUT

– OUT – V OUT – V

–

– + –

+

+

+ R3 + +

+

+ VREF VREF REF VREF – + U1a U1b V U1c U2 – VREF VREF VREF – U1a U1 U1b VREF U1c U2 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP65X1 MCP65X1 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP65X1

U1d – C1 R1 MCP6XX4 VREF U1d – + Note: In AN895, R1 = RTD. . . . MCP6XX4 VREF . . . + Notes: In AN895, R1 = RTDA and R2 = RTDA. A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is recommended). Notes: A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is recommended).

Oscillator Circuits for Capacitive Sensors Relaxation Oscillator: State Variable Oscillator: C4 Relaxation Oscillator: VDD VDD R2 R1 C1 R4 R2 C2 R3 R4 R7 R8 2 R R4

VOUT VOUT

– OUT – V

R3 + – +

+

+ + R3 + – VREF VREF VREF VREF – U1a U1 U1b U1c U2 – MCP65X1 U1 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP6XX4 MCP65X1 MCP65X1

C1 R1 U1d – C1 R1 Note: In AN895, R1 = RTD. MCP6XX4 VREF . . . +

Notes: A resistive divider to VDD sets VREF (VDD/2 is recommended).

Signal Chain Design Guide 17

Relaxation Oscillator:

VDD

2 R R4

VOUT

R3 + – U1 MCP65X1

C1 R1 Development Software

FilterLab® Software SPICE Macro Model Example Microchip’s FilterLab software is an innovative software tool that simplifies analog active filter (using op amps) design. Available at no cost from the Microchip website at www.microchip.com/filterlab, the FilterLab design tool provides full schematic diagrams of the filter circuit with component values. It also outputs the filter circuit in SPICE format, which can be used with the macro model to simulate actual filter performance. SPICE Macro Models The SPICE macro models for linear ICs (op amps and comparators) are available on the Microchip website at www.microchip.com/spicemodels. The models were written and tested in PSPICE owned by Orcad (Cadence). For other simulators, they may require translation. The models cover a wide aspect of the linear ICs’ electrical specifications. Not only do the models cover voltage, current and resistance of the linear ICs, but they also cover the temperature and noise effects on the behavior of the linear ICs. The models have not been verified outside the specification range listed in the linear ICs’ datasheet. The models’ behavior under these conditions cannot be guaranteed to match the actual linear ICs’ performance. Moreover, the models are intended to be an initial design tool. Bench testing is a very important part of any design and cannot be replaced with simulations. Also, simulation results using these macro models need to be validated by comparing them to the datasheet specifications and characteristcs curves. Filter Lab Window

18 Signal Chain Design Guide Development Tools

These following development boards support the Photodiode development of signal chain applications. These product families may have other demonstration and evaluation MCP6031 Photodiode PICtail Plus Demo Board boards that may also be useful. For more information visit (MCP6031DM-PTPLS) www.microchip.com/analogtools. The MCP6031 Photodiode PICtail Plus Demo Board demonstrates how to use a Reference Designs trans impedance amplifier, which consists of MCP6031 high precision op amp and Battery external resistors, to convert photo-current MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo to voltage. (MCP3421DM-BFG) Temperature Sensors The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo Board demonstrates how Thermocouple Reference Design (TMPSNSRD-TCPL1) to measure the battery voltage The Thermocouple Reference and discharging current using the Design demonstrates how to MCP3421. The MCU algorithm instrument a Thermocouple and calculates the battery fuel being used. This demo board accurately sense temperature over is shipped with 1.5V AAA non-rechargeable battery. The the entire Thermocouple measurement range. This solution board can also charge a single-cell 4.2V Li-Ion battery. uses the MCP3421 18-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) to measure voltage across the Thermocouple. Pressure MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto-Zero Reference MCP3551 Tiny Application (Pressure) Sensor Demo Design (MCP6V01RD-TCPL) (MCP355XDM-TAS) The MCP6V01 Thermocouple Auto- This 1" × 1" board is designed to Zeroed Reference Design demonstrates demonstrate the performance of the how to use a difference amplifier system MCP3550/1/3 devices in a simple to measure electromotive force (EMF) low-cost application. The circuit uses a voltage at the cold junction of thermocouple in order to ratiometric sensor configuration and uses accurately measure temperature at the hot junction. This the system power supply as the voltage can be done by using the MCP6V01 auto-zeroed op amp reference. The extreme common mode rejection capability because of its ultra low offset voltage (Vos) and high of the MCP355X devices, along with their excellent normal common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). mode power supply rejection at 50 and 60 Hz, allows for excellent system performance. RTD Reference Design Board (TMPSNSRD-RTD2) MCP3551 Sensor Application Developer’s Board The RTD Reference Design demonstrates (MCP355XDV-MS1) how to implement Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) and accurately measure The MCP355X Sensor Developer’s Board temperature. This solution uses the allows for easy system design of high MCP3551 22-bit Analog-to-Digital resolution systems such as weigh scale, Converter (ADC) to measure voltage across the RTD. temperature sensing, or other small The ADC and the RTD are referenced using an onboard signal systems requiring precise signal reference voltage and the ADC inputs are directly conditioning circuits. The reference design includes LCD connected to the RTD terminals. This provides a ratio display firmware that performs all the necessary functions metric temperature measurement. The solution uses a including ADC sampling, USB communication for PC data current limiting resistor to bias the RTD. It provides a analysis, LCD display output, zero cancellation, full scale reliable and accurate RTD instrumentation without the need calibration, and units display in gram (g), kilogram (kg) or for extensive circuit compensation­ and calibration routines. ADC output units. MCP6N11 and MCP6V2X Wheatstone Bridge Reference Design (ARD00354) This board demonstrates the performance of Microchip’s MCP6N11 instrumentation amplifier (INA) and a traditional three op amp INA using Microchip’s MCP6V26 and MCP6V27 auto-zeroed op amps. The input signal comes from an RTD temperature sensor in a Wheatstone bridge.

Signal Chain Design Guide 19 Development Tools

Demonstration Boards MCP4725 SOT-23-6 Evaluation Board (MCP4725EV) ADCs The MCP4725 SOT-23-6 Evaluation MCP3911 ADC Evaluation Board for 16-bit MCUs Board is a quick and easy evaluation (ADM00398) tool for the MCP4725 12-bit DAC The MCP3911 ADC Evaluation Board for device. It works with Microchip’s 16-Bit MCUs system provides the ability to popular PICkit Serial Analyzer or independently with the evaluate the performance of the MCP3911 customer’s applications board. The PICkit Serial Analyzer dual-channel ADC. It also provides a is sold separately. development platform for 16-bit PIC-based applications, using existing 100-pin PIM systems compatible with the MCP4728 Evaluation Board (MCP4728EV) Explorer-16 and other high pin count PIC demo boards. The The MCP4728 Evaluation Board is a tool for system comes with a programmed PIC24FJ256GA110 PIM quick and easy evaluation of the MCP4728 module that communicates with the included PC software 4-channel 12-bit DAC device. It contains the for data exchange and ADC configuration. MCP4728 device and connection pins for the Microchip’s popular PICkit Serial Analyzer. The MCP3421 Weight Scale Demo Board PICkit Serial Analyzer is sold separately. (MCP3421DM-WS) The MCP3421 Weight Scale Demo Board Digital Potentiometers is designed to evaluate the performance of the low-power consumption, 18-bit MCP42XX PICtail Plus Daughter Board ADC in an electronic weight scale design. (MCP42XXDM-TPTLS) Next to the MCP3421 there is a low- The MCP42XX PICtail Plus Daughter noise, auto-zero MCP6V07 op amp. This Board is used to demonstrate the can be used to investigate the impact operation of the MCP42XX Digital of extra gain added before the ADC for performance Potentiometers. This board is improvement. The PIC18F4550 is controlling the LCD and designed to be used in conjunction the USB communication with the PC. The GUI is used to with either the PIC24 Explorer 16 Demo Board or the indicate the performance parameters of the design and for PICkit Serial Analyzer. calibration of the weight scale. MCP402X Non-Volatile Digital Potentiometer MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gage Demo Board Evaluation Board (MCP402XEV) (MCP3421DM-BFG) The MCP402XEV is a low cost The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge evaluation board that quickly enables Demo Board demonstrates how to the user to exercise all of the features measure the battery voltage and of the MCP402X Non-Volatile Digital discharging current using the MCP3421. Potentiometer. A 6 pin PIC10F206-I/OT The MCU algorithm calculates the with FLASH memory is utilized to generate all of the battery fuel being used. This demo board is shipped Low-Voltage (LV) and High-Voltage (HV) MCP402X serial with 1.5V AAA non-rechargeable battery. The demo board commands when the 2 momentary switches are depressed displays the following parameters: in various sequences. This enables the user to Increment (a) Measured battery voltage. and Decrement the wiper, save the setting to EEPROM & (b) Measured battery discharging current. exercise the WiperLock™ feature. (c) Battery Fuel Used (calculated). Op Amps and PGAs The MCP3421 Battery Fuel Gauge Demo Board also can charge a single-cell 4.2V MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation Board Li-Ion battery. This feature, however, is disabled by (MCP651EV-VOS) firmware since the demo kit is shipped to customer with The MCP651 Input Offset Evaluation non-rechargeable 1.5V AAA battery. Board is intended to provide a simple means to measure the MCP651 Input DACs Offset Evaluation Board op amp’s input offset voltage under a variety of operating MCP4725 PICtail Plus Daughter Board conditions. The measured input offset voltage (Vost (MCP4725DM-PTPLS) includes the input offset voltage specified in the data This daughter board demonstrates the sheet (Vos) plus changes due to: power supply voltage MCP4725 (12-bit DAC with non-volatile (PSRR), common mode voltage (CMRR), output voltage memory) features using the Explorer (AOL), input offset voltage drift over temperature (ΔVos/ 16 Development Board and the PICkit ΔTA) and 1/f noise. Serial Analyzer.

20 Signal Chain Design Guide Development Tools

MCP6V01 Input Offset Demo Board MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail Demo Board (MCP6V01DM-VOS) (MCP6SX2DM-PCTLTH) The MCP6V01 Input Offset Demo Board The MCP6SX2 PGA Thermistor PICtail is intended to provide a simple means Demo Board features the MCP6S22 to measure the MCP6V01/2/3 op amps and MCP6S92 Programmable Gain input offset voltage (Vos) under a variety Amplifiers (PGA). These devices help of bias conditions. This Vos includes overcome the non-linear response the specified input offset voltage value of the on-board NTC thermistor. These devices have found in the data sheet plus changes due to power supply user selectable inputs which allow the possibilities of voltage (PSRR), common mode voltage (CMRR), output temperature correcting another sensor. voltage (AOL) and temperature (IVos/ITA). MCP6XXX Active Filter Demo (MCP6XXXDM-FLTR) MCP661 Line Driver Demo Board (MCP661DM-LD) This kit supports Mindi™ Active Filter This demo board uses the MCP661 in Designer & Simulator and active filters a very basic application for high speed designed by FilterLab V2.0. These filters op amps; a 50Ω line (coax) driver. are all pole and are built by cascading The board offers a 30 MHz solution, high speed PCB first and second order sections. layout techniques and a means to test AC response, step response and distortion. Both the input and the output are Humidity Sensor PICtail Demo Board connected to lab equipment with 50Ω BNC cables. There (PIC16F690DM-PCTLHS) are 50Ω terminating resistors and transmission lines on the board. The op amp is set to a gain of 2V/V to overcome the This board uses the MCP6291 and loss at its output caused by the 50Ω resistor at that point. PIC16F690 to measure the capacitance Connecting lab supplies to the board is simple; there are of a relative humidity sensor. The board three surface mount test points provided for this purpose. can also measure small capacitors in different ranges of values using a dual Amplifier Evaluation Board 1 (MCP6XXXEV-AMP1) slope integration method. This board also supports the application note AN1016. The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 1 is designed to support inverting/non- Temperature Sensors inverting amplifiers, voltage followers, inverting/non-inverting comparators, MCP9800 Temp Sensor Demo Board inverting/non-inverting differentiators. (MCP9800DM-TS1) The MCP9800 Temperature Sensor Amplifier Evaluation Board 2( MCP6XXXEV-AMP2) Demo Board demonstrates the The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board 2 sensor’s features. Users can connect supports inverting summing amplifiers and the demo board to a PC with USB non-inverting summing amplifiers. interface and evaluate the sensor performance. The 7-Segment LED displays temperature in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit; the temperature alert feature can be set by the users using an on board Amplifier Evaluation Board 3( MCP6XXXEV-AMP3) potentiometer. An alert LED is used to indicate an over The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board temperature condition. In addition, temperature can be 3 is designed to support the difference data logged using the Microchip Thermal Management amplifier circuits which are generated by Software Graphical User Interface (GUI). The sensor the Mindi™ Amplifier Designer. registers can also be programmed using the GUI.

Amplifier Evaluation Board 4( MCP6XXXEV-AMP4) MCP6S26 PT100 RTD Evaluation Board The MCP6XXX Amplifier Evaluation Board (TMPSNS-RTD1) 4 is designed to support the inverting The PT100 RTD Evaluation Board integrator circuit. demonstrates how to bias a Resistive Temperature Detector (RTD) and accurately measure temperature. Up to two RTDs can be connected. MCP6H04 Evaluation Board Instrumentation The RTDs are biased using constant current source and Amplifier (ADM00375) the output voltage is scaled using a difference amplifier. The MCP6H04 Intrumentation Amplifier In addition to the difference amplifier, a multiple input board is designed to support signal channel Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) MCP6S26 is conditioner from sensors example used to digitally switch between RTDs and increase the current sensor. scale up to 32 times.

Signal Chain Design Guide 21 Related Support Material

The following literature is available on the Microchip web AN688: Layout Tips for 12-Bit A/D Converter site: www.microchip.com/appnotes. There are additional Application application notes that may be useful. This application note provides basic 12-bit layout guidelines, ending with a review of issues to be aware of. Application Related Documentation Examples of good layout and bad layout implementations Sensor Conditioning Circuits Overview are presented throughout. AN866: Designing Operational Amplifier Oscillator AN693: Understanding A/D Converter Circuits For Sensor Applications Performance Specifications Operational amplifier (op amp) oscillators can be used This application note describes the specifications used to to accurately measure resistive and capacitive sensors. quantify the performance of A/D converters and give the Oscillator design can be simplified by using the procedure reader a better understanding of the significance of those discussed in this application note. The derivation of specifications in an application. the design equations provides a method to select the passive components and determine the influence of each AN842: Differential ADC Biasing Techniques, component on the frequency of oscillation. The procedure Tips and Tricks will be demonstrated by analyzing two state-variable RC True differential converters can offer many advantages op-amp oscillator circuits. over single-ended input A/D Converters (ADC). In addition to their common mode rejection ability, these converters AN990: Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits, can also be used to overcome many DC biasing limitations An Overview of common signal conditioning circuits. Analog sensors produce a change in an electrical property to indicate a change in its environment. This change in Utility Metering electrical property needs to be conditioned by an analog DS01008: Utility Metering Solutions circuit before conversion to digital. Further processing occurs in the digital domain but is not addressed in this Digital Potentiometers application note. AN691: Optimizing the Digital Potentiometer in Delta-Sigma ADCs Precision Circuits In this application note, circuit ideas are presented that AN1156: Battery Fuel Measurement Using Delta- use the necessary design techniques to mitigate errors, Sigma ADC Devices consequently optimizing the performance of the digital This application note reviews the battery fuel measurement potentiometer. using the MCU and ADC devices. Developing battery fuel measurement in this manner provides flexible solutions AN692: Using a Digital Potentiometer to Optimize a and enables economic management. Precision Single Supply Photo Detect DS21841: Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide This application note shows how the adjustability of the digital potentiometer can be used to an advantage in SAR ADCs photosensing circuits. AN246: Driving the Analog Inputs of a SAR AN1080: Understanding Digital Potentiometer A/D Converter Resistance Variations This application note delves into the issues surrounding the SAR converter’s input and conversion nuances to This application note discusses how process, voltage and insure that the converter is handled properly from the temperature effect the resistor network’s characteristics, beginning of the design phase. specifications and techniques to improve system performance. AN1316A: Using Digital Potentiometers for Programmable Amplifier Gain This application note discusses implementations of programmable gain circuits using an op amp and a digital potentiometer. This discussion includes implementation details for the digital potentiometer’s resistor network.

22 Signal Chain Design Guide Related Support Material

Op Amps AN866: Designing Operational Amplifier Oscillator AN1302: Current Sensing Circuit Concepts Circuits For Sensor Applications and Fundamentals Gives simple design procedures for op amp oscillators. These circuits are used to accurately measure resistive This application note provides an overview of current and capacitive sensors. sensing circuit concepts and fundamentals. It introduces current sensing techniques and focuses on three typical AN884: Driving Capacitive Loads With Op Amps high-side current sensing implementations, with their specific advantages and disadvantages. Explains why all op amps tend to have problems driving large capacitive loads. A simple, one resistor compensation AN679: Temperature Sensing Technologies scheme is given that gives much better performance. Covers the most popular temperature sensor AN951: Amplifying High-Impedance Sensors, technologies and helps determine the most appropriate Photodiode Example sensor for an application. Shows how to condition the current out of a high-impedance AN681: Reading and Using Fast Fourier sensor. A photodiode detector illustrates the theory. Transformation (FFT) AN990: Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits, Discusses the use of frequency analysis (FFTs), time An Overview analysis and DC analysis techniques. It emphasizes Analog-to-Digital converter applications. Gives an overview of the many sensor types, applications and conditioning circuits. AN684: Single Supply Temperature Sensing with Thermocouples AN1014: Measuring Small Changes in Capacitive Sensors Focuses on thermocouple circuit solutions. It builds from signal conditioning components to complete This application note shows a switched capacitor circuit application circuits. that uses a PIC microcontroller, and minimal external passive components, to measure small changes in AN695: Interfacing Pressure Sensors to Microchip’s capacitance. The values are very repeatable under Analog Peripherals constant environmental conditions. Shows how to condition a Wheatstone bridge sensor AN1177: Op Amp Precision Design: DC Errors using simple circuits. A piezoresistive pressure sensor application is used to illustrate the theory. This application note covers the essential background information and design theory needed to design a AN699: Anti-Aliasing, Analog Filters for Data precision DC circuit using op amps. Acquisition Systems AN1228: Op Amp Precision Design: Random Noise A tutorial on active analog filters and their most This application note covers the essential background common applications. information and design theory needed to design low noise, AN722: Operational Amplifier Topologies and precision op amp circuits. The focus is on simple, results DC Specifications oriented methods and approximations useful for circuits with a low-pass response. Defines op amp DC specifications found in a data sheet. It shows where these specifications are critical in AN1258: Op Amp Precision Design: PCB application circuits. Layout Techniques AN723: Operational Amplifier AC Specifications This application note covers Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Applications effects encountered in high (DC) precision op amp circuits. It provides techniques for improving the performance, Defines op amp AC specifications found in a data sheet. giving more flexibility in solving a given design problem. It It shows where these specifications are critical in demonstrates one important factor necessary to convert a application circuits. good schematic into a working precision design.

Signal Chain Design Guide 23 Related Support Material

AN1297: Microchip’s Op Amp SPICE Macro Models Product Related Documentation This application note covers the function and use of Microchip’s op amp SPICE macro models. It does not Sensor Conditioning Circuits Overview explain how to use the circuit simulator but will give the AN895: Oscillator Circuits for RTD user a better understanding how the model behaves and Temperature Sensors tips on convergence issues. This application note shows how to design a temperature AN1353: Rectifiers, Op Amp Peak Detectors sensor oscillator circuit using Microchip’s low-cost MCP6001 operational amplifier (op amp) and the MCP6541 and Clamps comparator. Oscillator circuits can be used to provide This application note covers a wide range of application, an accurate temperature measurement with a Resistive such as half-wave rectifiers, full-wave rectifiers, peak Temperature Detector (RTD) sensor. Oscillators provide a detectors and clamps. frequency output that is proportional to temperature and are easily integrated into a microcontroller system. Temperature Sensing AN929: Temperature Measurement Circuits for Delta-Sigma ADCs Embedded Applications AN1007: Designing with the MCP3551 This application note shows how to select a temperature Delta-Sigma ADC sensor and conditioning circuit to maximize the The MCP3551 delta-sigma ADC is a high-resolution measurement accuracy and simplify the interface to converter. This application note discusses various design the microcontroller. techniques to follow when using this device. Typical application circuits are discussed first, followed by a AN1001: IC Temperature Sensor Accuracy section on noise analysis. Compensation with a PIC Microcontroller This application note derives an equation that describes AN1030: Weigh Scale Applications for the MCP3551 the sensor’s typical non-linear characteristics, which can This application note focusses specifically on load cells, be used to compensate for the sensor’s accuracy error a type of strain gauge that is typically used for measuring over the specified operating temperature range. weight. Even more specifically, the focus is on fully active, temperature compensated load cells whose change in AN1154: Precision RTD Instrumentation for differential output voltage with a rated load is 2 mV to Temperature Sensing 4 mV per volt of excitation (the excitation voltage being the Precision RTD (Resistive Temperature Detector) difference between the +Input and the −Input terminals of instrumentation is key for high performance thermal the load cell). management applications. This application note shows how to use a high resolution Delta-Sigma Analog-to- SAR ADCs Digital converter, and two resistors to measure RTD AN845: Communicating With The MCP3221 Using resistance ratiometrically. A ±0.1°C accuracy and ±0.01°C PIC Microcontrollers measurement resolution can be achieved across the RTD temperature range of −200°C to +800°C with a single This application note will cover communications point calibration. between the MCP3221 12-bit A/D Converter and a PIC microcontroller. The code supplied with this application note is written as relocatable assembly code.

24 Signal Chain Design Guide Related Support Material

Passive Keyless Entry (PKE) Temperature Sensing TB090: MCP2030 Three-Channel Analog Front-End AN981: Interfacing a MCP9700 Analog Device Overview Temperature Sensor to a PIC Microcontroller This tech brief summarizes the technical features of the Analog output silicon temperature sensors offer an easy- MCP2030 and describes how the three channel stand- to-use alternative to traditional temperature sensors, such alone analog front-end device can be used for various as thermistors. The MCP9700 offers many system-level bidirectional communication applications. advantages, including the integration of the temperature sensor and signal-conditioning circuitry on a single chip. AN1024: PKE System Design Using the PIC16F639 Analog output sensors are especially suited for embedded This application note described how to make hands-free systems due to their linear output. This application note reliable passive keyless entry applications using the will discuss system integration, firmware implementation PIC16F639, a dual die solution device that includes both and PCB layout techniques for using the MCP9700 in an MCP2030 and PIC16F636. embedded system. Op Amps AN988: Interfacing a MCP9800 I2C Digital Temperature Sensor to a PIC Microcontroller AN1016: Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using the MCP6291 and PIC16F690 Devices This application note will discuss system integration, firmware implementation and PCB layout techniques for The circuit discussed here uses an op amp and a using the MCP9800 in an embedded system. microcontroller to implement a dual slope integrator and timer. It gives accurate results, and is appropriate for small AN1306: Thermocouple Circuit Using MCP6V01 capacitive sensors, such as capacitive humidity sensors. and PIC18F2550 Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) This application note shows how to use a difference amplifier system to measure electromotive force (EMF) AN248: Interfacing MCP6S2X PGAs to voltage at the cold junction of thermocouple in order to PIC Microcontrollers accurately measure temperature at the hot junction. This This application note shows how to program the six can be done by using the MCP6V01 auto-zeroed op amp channel MCP6S26 PGA gains, channels and shutdown because of its extremely low input offset volt­age (Vos) registers using the PIC16C505 microcontroller. and very high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). The microcontroller PIC18F2550 used in this circuit AN865: Sensing Light with a Programmable has internal comparator voltage reference (CVref). This Gain Amplifier solution minimizes cost by using resources internal to the This application notes discusses how Microchip’s PIC18F2550 to achieve rea­sonable resolution without an Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGAs) can be effectively external ADC. used in position photo sensing applications minus the headaches of amplifier stability. AN897: Thermistor Temperature Sensing with MCP6SX2 PGAs Shows how to use a Programmable Gain Amplifier (PGA) to linearize the response of a thermistor, and to achieve a wider temperature measurement range.

Signal Chain Design Guide 25 Op Amp Category – General Purpose Low Offset General Purpose Low Noise – General Purpose – General Purpose – – – Low Offset – – General Purpose Low Offset General Purpose Low Offset General Purpose Low Offset Low Offset General Purpose, Low Power General Purpose, Low Power Low Offset, Low Power – Featured Demo Board Demo Featured PIC16F690DM- PCTLHS, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV PIC16F690DM- PCTLHS, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV MCP6XXXEV-AMP1, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV VSUPEV2 SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV MCP6XXXDM-FLTR, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV MCP6XXXDM-FLTR, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – – – SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV – SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV MCP6SX2DM- PICTLPD, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV VSUPEV2, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV MCP6031DM-PCTL, MCP6031DM-PCTL, SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV SOIC8EV, SOIC14EV Packages PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC, TDFN, TSSOP SOIC, TDFN, TSSOP SOIC, 2 × 3 TDFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC, MSOP, 2 × 3 TDFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC, TSSOP, TDFN PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SC-70 PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP PDIP, SOIC, TSSOP, DFN, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, SOT-23 SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP, DFN, SOIC, MSOP, SOT-23 SOIC, MSOP, 2 × 3 TDFN, SOIC, MSOP, SC-70 TSSOP, SOT-23, Features – Low Power Mode on MCP6293, Cascaded Gain with MCP6295 Low Power Mode on MCP6023 Low Power Mode on MCP6283, Cascaded Gain with MCP6285 Low Noise – Low Power Mode on MCP603 Low Power Mode on MCP6L73 Low Power Mode on MCP6273, Cascaded Gain with MCP6275 High Voltage High Voltage High Voltage – – Low Quiescent Current – – – – – Low Power Mode on MCP618 Low Power Mode on MCP608 GMIN = 10, Low Power Mode GMIN = 10, Low Power Mode on MCP6143 Low Power Mode on MCP6043 Low Power Mode on MCP6033 Low Power Mode Low Quiescent Current Low Quiescent O O O O O O O O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O Rail- to-Rail

−40 to +125/150 Range (°C) −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85, −40 to +85, −40 to +85, −40 to +85, −40 to +85, −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Supply 3.5 to 16 2.4 to 6.0 2.4 to 6.0 2.5 to 5.5 2.2 to 6.0 2.2 to 5.5 2.7 to 6.0 2.7 to 6.0 2.0 to 6.0 2.0 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 5.5 1.8 to 6.0 1.8 to 6.0 2.3 to 5.5 2.5 to 6.0 1.4 to 6.0 1.4 to 6.0 1.8 to 5.5 1.8 to 6.0 3.5 to 12V 3.5 to 12V Voltage (V) Voltage (±µV) 150 150 150 150 250 150 Max. 4,000 3,000 3,000 1,500 3,000 2,000 4,000 3,000 1,000 1,000 3,500 5,000 4,500 4,500 5,000 5,000 3,000 3,000 4,500 os V 500, 250 500,

q 1 1 1 I 85 45 90 70 45 30 25 25 Typ. 850 570 720 200 325 150 240 700 135 170 170 0.45 1,300 1,350 2,000 (µA/amp.) 9 14 10 Typ. 730 550 385 300 190 155 100 (kHz) 5,000 3,500 2,800 2,800 2,000 2,000 5,500 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 1,000 GBWP 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 1 4, 2 1, 4 4, 2 1, 4 4, 2 2, 4 2, 4 2, 4 # per 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 4 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, Package 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 2, 1, 4 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, Op Amps Device MCP6L91/2/4 MCP6291/1R/2/3/4/5 MCP6021/1R/2/3/4 MCP6281/1R/2/3/4/5 MCP6286 MCP6L1/2/4 MCP601/1R/2/3/4 MCP6L71/2/3/4 MCP6271/1R/2/3/4/5 MCP6H91/2/4 MCP6H81/2/4 MCP6H01/2/4 MCP6071/2/4 MCP6L01/2/4 MCP6401/2/4 MCP6001/1R/1U/2/4 MCP6061/2/4 MCP6241/1R/1U/2/4 MCP6051/2/4 MCP6231/1R/1U/2/4 MCP616/7/8/9 MCP606/7/8/9 MCP6141/2/3/4 MCP6041/2/3/4 MCP6031/2/3/4 MCP6441/2/4 Linear: linear

26 Signal Chain Design Guide

Op Amp Category – – Auto-zeroed Auto-zeroed Op Amp Category High Speed, High Output Drive High Speed, High Output Drive, Low Offset High Speed, High Output Drive High Speed, High Output Drive, Low Offset Featured Demo Board Featured ARD00354 Packages Packages Board Featured Demo Featured MCP661DM-LD MCP651EV-VOS MCP651EV-VOS MCP651EV-VOS 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S) 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S,U), 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP 14-pin PDIP, 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S) 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 14-pin PDIP, 14-pin SOIC, 14-pin TSSOP 5-pin SOT-23 (S,R,U), 5-pin SC-70 (S,U), 8-pin PDIP, 8-pin SOIC, 8-pin MSOP 6-SOT-23 6-SOT-23 Packages Featured Demo Board Featured SOIC, 2 × 3 TDFN – – MCP6V01DM-VOS, MCP6V01RD-TCPL MCP6V01DM-VOS, MCP6V01RD-TCPL ref ref Packages Packages Features SOT-23, SC-70 SOT-23, SC-70 SOIC, DFN, TDFN SOIC, DFN, TDFN Features Features SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, SOT-23, SOIC, MSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN SOIC, MSOP, DFN, TSSOP, QFN SOIC, MSOP, SOT-23, SOIC, MSOP, DFN, SOT-23, SOIC, TSSOP, QFN mCal (offset correction) I/O Features Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output , V Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output, Chip Select Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Open-Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output, Chip Select Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Open Drain, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output , V Open-drain, 9V, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Push-Pull, Rail-to-Rail Input/Output Rail- to-Rail I/O Features – – Low Power Mode on MCP6V03 Low Power Mode on MCP6V08 Low Power Mode on MCP663/5/9 mCal (offset correction), Low mCal (offset correction), Low Power Mode on MCP653/5/9 Low Power Mode on Low Power Mode MCP633/5/9 mCal (offset correction), Low mCal (offset correction), MCP623/5/9 Power Mode on Range (°C) I/O I/O I/O I/O I/O Range (°C) −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature O O O O I/O Rail- to-Rail Rail- to-Rail (V) Operating 1.8 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 Voltage (V) Voltage 1.8 to 5.5 Range (°C) Range (°C) −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Supply Voltage Supply Voltage 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Max 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (mV) os V 2.7 Supply Supply Drift Max. (µV/°C) 2.5 to 5.5 2.5 to 5.5 2.5 to 5.5 2.5 to 5.5 Voltage (V) Voltage 1.6 to 5.5 1.6 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 1.8 to 5.5 Voltage (V) Voltage os V 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2.5 2.5 (μA) 100 100 100 100 100 100 (±µV) Typical Typical 200 200 Max. q 8,000 8,000 I os 8 8 2 3 (±µV) (±µV) V 350 Max. Max. os os V V

q I Typ. 6,000 6,000 2,500 2,500 (µA/amp.) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 23 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 7.5 Typ. 800 Typ. 400 400 Delay (μs) Delay (µA/amp.) (µA/amp.) q q I I Typ. Typical Propagation Typical (kHz) GBWP 60,000 50,000 24,000 20,000 (V) 80 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Typ. 500 300 1,300 1,300 GBWP ref V (kHz) Typ. 2, 4 2, 4 1.21/2.4 1.21/2.4 # per GBWP (kHz) 4, 2, 4 4, 2, 4 Package 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2,1, 4, 1 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 4 1 # per # per # per 1, 2, 1 1, 2, 1 Package Package Package Op Amps (Continued) Comparators Instrumentation Amplifiers Zero-Drift Op Amps Device Device Device Device MCP65R41 MCP6569 MCP6548 MCP6567 MCP6547 MCP6566 MCP6546 MCP6564 MCP661/2/3/4/5/9 MCP6544 MCP6562 MCP651/1S/2/3/4/5/9 MCP6543 MCP6561 MCP631/2/3/4/5/9 MCP6542 MCP65R46 MCP6549 MCP621/1S/2/3/4/5/9 MCP6N11 MCP6V11 MCP6541 MCP6V31 MCP6V01/2/3 MCP6V06/7/8 Linear: Linear: Linear: Linear: S = Standard Pinout, R = Reverse Pinout, U = Alternate Pinout R = Reverse Pinout, S = Standard Pinout,

Signal Chain Design Guide 27 Board Featured Demo Featured Packages ADM00398 ADM00310 MCP3901EV-MCU16 MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3551DM-PCTL MCP3421EV MCP3422EV, MCP3421DM-BFG MCP3423EV MCP3424EV MCP3425EV, MCP3421DM-BFG – – – PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, TSSOP PDIP, SOIC, MSOP, PDIP, SOIC, MSOP ref Packages SSOP-20, QFN-20 SSOP-28 SSOP-20, QFN-20 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 SOT-23-6 SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-10, DFN-10 SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 SOT-23-6 SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-10, DFN-10 SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 Features Features SPI, 8 Gain Steps, Software Shutdown SPI, 8 Gain Steps, V Software Shutdown, SPI, 8 Gain Steps, Two ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation Six ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation Two ADCs, Programmable Data Rate, PGA, Phase Compensation – Simultaneous 50/60 Hz rejection 60 Hz noise rejection > 120 dB 50 Hz noise rejection > 120 dB PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4, or 8 Internal voltage reference PGA: 1, 2, 4 or 8 Internal voltage reference −40 to +85 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Range (°C) Temperature Range (°C) −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature 5 2 2 2 2 15 15 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 (ppm) Typical INL Typical 2.5 to 5.5 2.5 to 5.5 Operating Voltage (V) Voltage Operating 140 120 140 120 145 145 145 155 145 145 145 145 1700 8300 2050 Current (µA) (continuous) 39 (one shot) Typical Supply Typical 275 4000 (±µV) Max. (±µV) os V Supply 2.7 to 3.6 4.5 to 5.5 4.5 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 Voltage (V) Voltage 1.1 1.0 C C C C C C C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C™ I I I I I I I SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI 2 (µA) Max. I q I Interface 2 Diff 6 Diff 2 Diff 1 Diff 1 Diff 1 Diff 2 Diff 2 Diff 4 Diff 1 Diff 2 Diff 2 Diff 4 Diff 1 Diff 1 Diff Channels # of Input Typ. 2 to 12 1 to 18 3 dB BW (MHz) −3 dB BW 60 14 15 15 15 15 15 13 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 64000 64000 64000 (samples/sec) Max.Sample Rate 1, 2, 2 2, 1, 1, 2, 6, 8 Channels 20 22 22 18 18 18 16 16 16 16 22 18 (bits) 16/24 16/24 16/24 Resolution Delta−Sigma A/D ConvertersDelta−Sigma mplifiers (PGA) Amplifiers Gain Programmable Device Device MCP3911 MCP3903 MCP3901 MCP3553 MCP3551 MCP3550−60 MCP3422 MCP3423 MCP3424 MCP3425 MCP3426 MCP3427 MCP3428 MCP3550−50 MCP6S912/3 MCP3421 MCP6S21/2/6/8 l: Mixed Signa Linear: Mixed Signal Mixed

28 Signal Chain Design Guide Featured Demo Board Featured – – – – – – – – – – ADM00317 MCP4725DM-PTPLS, MCP4725EV, ADM00317 ADM00317 MCP4725DM-PTPLS, MCP4725EV MCP4728EV Featured Demo Board Featured – – – – MCP3221DM-PCTL, MXSIGDM MCP3221DM-PCTL, MXSIGDM DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3201A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM DV3204A, DVMCPA, MXSIGDM Packages Packages PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, 2 × 3 DFN-8 SC-70 SOT-23-6, SC-70 SOT-23-6 SOT-23-6 SOT-23-6 SOT−23−6 MSOP−10 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, PDIP−8, SOIC−8, TSSOP−8 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, PDIP−8, SOIC−8, TSSOP−8 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, PDIP−16, SOIC−16 SOT−23A−5 SOT−23A−5 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 PDIP−16, SOIC−16 PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, PDIP−8, SOIC−8, MSOP−8, TSSOP−8 PDIP−14, SOIC−14, TSSOP−14 PDIP−16, SOIC−16 Range (°C) −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature Range (°C) −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature 350 175 415 330 415 330 415 330 130 130 210 210 210 210 800 ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±2 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB ±1 LSB Max. INL Current (µA) Typical Operating Typical 500 650 550 550 250 250 400 550 400 400 450 450 450 1 1 1 90 90 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.04 Current (µA) Max. Supply Current (µA) Standby Typical 1 1 Range (V) 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 DNL 0.05 0.75 0.05 0.75 0.75 Input Voltage (LSB) 0.025 0.188 SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI I2C I2C™ Interface 6 6 6 6 6 6 15 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Time (µs) Output Settling Input Type Differential Differential Differential xt dd Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Single−ended Ext Ext V dd , E , , , Y Y ref Int Int Int Int Ext Ext Ext Ext V V dd dd dd Int/ V V V 1 2 4 8 1 1 1 2 4 8 1 2 4 Channels # of Input C C C C C C 2 2 2 2 2 2 C™ I I I I I I SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI 2 I Interface 22 22 200 200 200 200 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 Cs per 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 (samples/sec) A Package D Max.Sample Rate Max.Sample 8 8 8 6 8 8 6 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 12 12 10 10 12 12 10 12 (bits) (Bits) D/A Converters egister (S) A/D Convertersegister AR R Approximation Successive Resolution Resolution Part # Part # MCP4902 MCP4901 MCP4822 MCP4821 MCP4812 MCP4811 MCP4802 MCP47DA1 MCP4706 MCP4725 MCP4728 MCP4716 MCP4726 MCP4801 MCP47A1 MCP3001 MCP3002 MCP3004 MCP3008 MCP3021 MCP3221 MCP3201 MCP3202 MCP3204 MCP3208 MCP3301 MCP3302 MCP3304 Mixed Signal: Signal: Mixed

Signal Chain Design Guide 29 Featured Demo Board Featured Featured Demo Board Featured – – – – – – MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, SC70EV MCP402XEV, MCP4XXXDM-DB MCP402XEV, MCP4XXXDM-DB SC70EV SC70EV SC70EV SC70EV SC70EV SC70EV Packages Packages PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP- 8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP- 8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP- 8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP- 8, DFN-8 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-6 SOT-23-6 SOT-23-6 SOT-23-6 SOIC-8 SOIC-8 SC-70-6 SC-70-6 SC-70-5 SC-70-6 SC-70-6 SC-70-5 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, PDIP-8, SOIC-8, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, PDIP-14, PDIP-8, SOIC-8, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 SOIC-8, MSOP-8 Range (°C) −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature Range (°C) −40 to +85 −40 to +85 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb DNL (Max.) 350 175 350 175 350 350 Current (µA) Operating Typical ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb INL (Max.) 1 1 1 1 0.1 0.1 Current (µA) Standby Typical 50K 10K 50K 10K 100K 100K Resistance (Ω) ±2 0.5 0.5 DNL 0.75 0.75 ±0.8 (LSB) 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K 10K, 5K, 2.1K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 10 10 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile/ Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Time (µs) Output Settling Output (1) ref Ext Ext Ext Ext Ext Ext V Operating Range dd 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V V C C 2 2 SPI SPI SPI SPI C C C C C 2 2 2 2 2 C™ I I I I I SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI 2 U/D U/D U/D U/D U/D U/D U/D U/D I Interface SMbus/I SMbus/I Interface 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cs per 1, 2 1, 2 A # per Package D Package 8 12 12 10 10 10 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 257 129 129 129 129 256 256 # of 256 256 256 256 128 128 128 128 128 128 Taps (Bits) Digital Potentiometers D/A Converters (Continued) esolution Resolution Analog characteristics may be tested at different voltage ranges. Analog characteristics may Part # Device MCP4151 MCP4142 MCP4141 MCP4132 MCP4131 MCP42100 MCP42050 MCP42010 MCP41100 MCP41050 MCP41010 TC1320 MCP4017 MCP4024 MCP4922 MCP4014 MCP4023 MCP4921 MCP4013 MCP4022 MCP4912 MCP4012 MCP4018 MCP4019 MCP40D17 MCP40D18 MCP40D19 MCP4021 TC1321 MCP4011 MCP4911 Mixed Signal: Signal: Mixed Note 1:

30 Signal Chain Design Guide Featured Demo Board Featured TSSOP20EV TSSOP20EV TSSOP20EV TSSOP20EV MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP42XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP4XXXDM-DB, MCP46XXDM-PTPLS MCP46XXDM-PTPLS Packages TSSOP-14 TSSOP-20, QFN-20 TSSOP-14 TSSOP-20, QFN-20 MSOP-10, DFN-10 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 PDIP-14, SOIC-14, TSSOP-14, QFN-16 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 PDIP-8, SOIC-8, MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 MSOP-8, DFN-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 TSSOP-14, QFN-16 MSOP-10, DFN-10 Range (°C) −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 Temperature Temperature ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb ±0.25 LSb DNL (Max.) ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±1 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb ±0.5 LSb INL (Max.) esistance (Ω) Resistance 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 5K, 10K, 50K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, 100K 50K, 10K, 5K, Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile Volatile/ Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile Non-Volatile (1) Operating Operating Range dd 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 2.7V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V 1.8V to 5.5V V C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 C™ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI SPI 2 I Interface 1 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 # per Package 29 129 257 257 257 257 257 257 257 257 # of 129 129 129 129 257 257 257 129 129 257 257 129 129 129 129 257 257 257 257 257 257 257 Taps Digital Potentiometers (Continued) Potentiometers Digital Device MCP4531 MCP4362 MCP4361 MCP4352 MCP4351 MCP4262 MCP4261 MCP4252 MCP4251 MCP4242 MCP4241 MCP4232 MCP4231 MCP4162 MCP4161 MCP4152 MCP4532 MCP4541 MCP4542 MCP4551 MCP4562 MCP4631 MCP4632 MCP4641 MCP4642 MCP4651 MCP4662 MCP4552 MCP4561 MCP4652 MCP4661 MCP4151 Signal: Mixed

Signal Chain Design Guide 31 Packages SOT-23B-3, TO-92-3 SOT-23B-3, TO-92-3 Featured Demo Board Demo Featured MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9800DM-TS1 MCP9800DM-TS1 TMPSNSRD-RTD2, TMPSNSRD-TCPL1 – MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9700DM-PCTL MCP9700DM-PCTL – – – – – – – – – – TC1047ADM-PICTL – – TC1047ADM-PICTL – – TC72DM-PICTL – TC74DEMO – TC77DM-PICTL – – 100 100 Maximum Supply Current (µA @ 25°C) Packages 50 50 SOT-23-5 MSOP-8 SOIC-8 150 mil, SOT-23-5 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 MSOP-8, DFN-8 SOT-23-5 SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 SC-70-5, SOT-23-3, TO-92-3 TSSOP-8, DFN-8 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-3 MSOP-8, DFN-8 SOT-23-6 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil, TO-220-5 PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil PDIP-8, SOIC-8 150 mil SOT-23-3 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8, UDFN-8 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-3 TSSOP-8, DFN-8, TDFN-8, UDFN-8 SOT-23-5 MSOP-8, DFN-8 SOT-23-5 SOT-23-5, TO-220-5 SOT-23-5 SOIC-8 150 mil, SOT-23-5 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 SOIC-8 150 mil, MSOP-8 Temperature Coefficient (ppm/°C) – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8 9 10 12 12 10 11 10 12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 9-12 (bits) 12-bits Resolution ±1 ±1 6 6 6 6 40 50 60 80 60 40 60 40 40 40 (max.%) 400 400 400 400 400 500 400 400 400 600 500 250 300 500 500 400 350 400 400 1000 Initial Accuracy Current (µA) Maximum Supply Maximum Supply (V) Range cc 4.5 to 18 4.5 to 18 4.5 to 18 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.3 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 3.0 to 3.6 2.7 to 5.5 2.3 to 5.5 3.1 to 5.5 3.1 to 5.5 2.7 to 4.4 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 4.4 3.0 to 3.6 2.7 to 4.5 2.7 to 4.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.5 to 5.5 3.0 to 3.6 3.0 to 3.6 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 2.7 to 5.5 V ±2 ±2 Max. Load Current (mA) Range (°C) −55 to 135 −55 to 135 −55 to 135 −55 to 135 −55 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +150 −55 to +125 −55 to +125 −55 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +150 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −55 to +125 −55 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −40 to +125 −55 to +125 −40 to +125 −55 to +125 −55 to +125 −40 to +125 2.5 4.096 Maximum Temperature Output Voltage (V) Output Voltage ±4 ±1 ±4 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±3 ±2 ±4 ±2 ±2 ±2 ±3 ±3 ±3 ±5 ±3 ±5 ±4 ±2 ±3 ±3 ±4 ±2 ±4 ±2 ±4 ±1 ±3 ±3 NA NA ±0.5 @ 25 (°C) Maximum Accuracy 2.7 to 5.5 4.3 to 5.5 Vcc Range (V) Temperature Sensors Temperature ±1 ±1 ±2 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±1 ±2 (°C) ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 ±0.5 Voltage References Voltage ±0.25 ±0.25 Typical Accuracy Typical t: gemen gement: Part # Part # MCP1541 MCP1525 Voltage Output Temperature Sensors Output Temperature Voltage MCP9700 Logic Output Temperature Sensors Logic Output Temperature MCP9501/2/3/4 MCP9800 MCP9801 MCP9802 MCP9803 MCP9804 MCP9805 MCP9509 MCP9700A MCP9701 MCP9701A TC1046 MCP9808 MCP9510 TC1047 MCP9843 TC620 TC621 TC622 TC623 TC624 TC6501 TC1047A MCP98242 MCP98243 TC6502 TC72 TC6503 TC74 TC6504 TC77 TCN75 TCN75A er mana Pow Serial Output Temperature Sensors Temperature Serial Output al Mana Therm ment manage Power t men anage mal m Ther

32 Signal Chain Design Guide Stand-Alone Analog and Interface Portfolio

Thermal Power Management Management Linear Mixed-Signal Interface Temperature LDO & Switching Op Amps A/D Converter CAN Peripherals Sensors Regulators Families Instrumentation Infrared Fan Speed Charge Pump Amplifiers Digital Peripherals Controllers/ DC/DC Converters Potentiometers Programmable LIN Transceivers Fan Fault Gain Amplifiers Detectors Power MOSFET D/A Converters Drivers Serial Peripherals Comparators V/F and F/V Motor Drivers PWM Controllers Converters Ethernet Controllers Safety & Security USB Peripheral Stepper System Supervisors Energy Measurement and DC Voltage Detectors Photoelectric Smoke Detectors ICs 3-Phase Voltage References Brushless Ionization Smoke DC Fan Li-Ion/Li-Polymer Detectors Controller Battery Chargers Ionization Smoke Detector Front Ends Piezoelectric Horn Drivers

Analog and Interface Attributes Robustness Space Savings ■■ MOSFET Drivers lead the industry in latch-up ■■ Resets and LDOs in SC70 package, A/D and D/A immunity/stability converters in SOT-23 package ■■ High performance LIN and CAN transceivers ■■ uDFN for height limited applications Low Power/Low Voltage Accuracy ■■ Op Amp family with the lowest power for a given ■■ Low input offset voltages gain bandwidth ■■ High gains ■■ High efficiency, low start-up (0.65V) boost regulators ■■ ±0.5°C temperature sensors industry leading energy ■■ 450 nA/1.4V/9 kHz bandwidth op amps measurement AFEs with 94.5 dB SINAD ■■ 1 µA comparators ■■ 1.6 µA LDOs Innovation ■■ Low power ADCs with one-shot conversion ■■ First stand-alone sensorless, full-wave sinusoidal 3-Phase BLDC Motor Drivers Integration ■■ Industry’s first op amp featuring on-demand calibration ■■ One of the first to market with integrated LDO with via mCal technology Reset and Fan Controller with temperature sensor ■■ Digital potentiometers feature WiperLock™ technology ■■ PGA integrates MUX, resistive ladder, gain switches, to secure EEPROM high-performance amplifier, SPI interface For more information, visit the Microchip web site at: ■■ Industry’s first 12-bit quad DAC with www.microchip.com. non-volatile EEPROM ■■ Delta-Sigma ADCs feature on-board PGA and voltage reference ■■ Highly integrated charging solutions for Li-Ion and LiFePO4 batteries ■■ Highly integrated dual H-bridge drivers for bi-polar stepper motors or brushed DC motors

Signal Chain Design Guide 33 Support Training Microchip is committed to supporting its customers If additional training interests you, then Microchip can in developing products faster and more efficiently. We help. We continue to expand our technical training options, maintain a worldwide network of field applications offering a growing list of courses and in-depth curriculum engineers and technical support ready to provide product locally, as well as significant online resources – whenever and system assistance. In addition, the following service you want to use them. areas are available at www.microchip.com: ■■ Technical Training Centers: www.microchip.com/training ■■ Support link provides a way to get questions ■■ MASTERs Conferences: www.microchip.com/masters answered fast: http://support.microchip.com and ■■ Worldwide Seminars: www.microchip.com/seminars www.microchip.com/maps ■■ eLearning: www.microchip.com/webseminars ■ Sample link offers evaluation samples of any ■ ■■ Resources from our Distribution and Third Party Partners Microchip device: http://sample.microchip.com www.microchip.com/training ■■ Forum link provides access to knowledge base and peer help: http://forum.microchip.com ■■ Buy link provides locations of Microchip Sales Channel Partners: www.microchip.com/sales

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