IBC Bioethics & Film Special Topic: Workshop/Interactive Session

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IBC Bioethics & Film Special Topic: Workshop/Interactive Session: Teaching with Bioethics Documentaries & Films Thursday, June 9, 2016; 5:30-6:30 pm Laura Bishop, Ph.D.

I. Introductory Remarks

II. Bioethics & Film: Why, Practical Details, and Resources

A. Why? Using video / film in the classroom or committee setting (handout)

B. Practical Details 1. Preparation Time (editing and laying the groundwork) 2. Post-Viewing Time/Debriefing (ensuring viewers took home the right message; correcting false information) 3. Real Issues / Cases (documentary, non-fiction, fiction/entertainment; real cases get you more mileage) 4. Sensitivity (visual presentation may be overwhelming for some) 5. Mix Serious / Humorous – short clip – Cutting Edge: Genetic Repairman Sequence 6. Variety of Types 7. Range of Lengths 8. Copyright / Permissions Issues / Educational Licensing (trailers used)

C. Resources 1. List of some sources to identify, watch, purchase bioethics-related videos/films (handout) 2. List of commercial films with bioethics themes (online)

III. Workshop Piece / Interactive (Tools for Using Films) (see multi-page activity handout)

Ø Who Decides: Ethics for Dental Practitioners (individual analysis to group discussion) Ø Me Before You and The Intouchables (compare, contrast, similarities) Ø Beautiful Sin (argument analysis: arguments pro & con; rules vs. outcomes) Ø Perfect Strangers (pretest/posttest; know, learn, need to know; double entry journal; discussion Q.) (http://www.perfectstrangersmovie.com; www.jankrawitz.com) Ø Just Keep Breathing: Moral Distress in the PICU (Pediatric Intensive Care Unit) (standing in the shoes - role play; ethics committee) (http://www.justkeepbreathingfilm.com) Case One Case Two

IV. IBC42 Group Idea Sharing

V. Resources: Jeanne Ting Chowning, MS, and Paula Fraser, MLS. An Ethics Primer. Seattle WA: Northwest Association of Biomedical Research, 2009. Online: http://www.nwabr.org

Darryl R.J. Macer, PhD., Moral Games for Teaching Bioethics, UNESCO Chair, 2008. Online: http://www.eubios.info/MacerMoralGames.pdf

Using Video / Film in the Classroom or Committee Setting

BENEFITS OF USE:

1. Create a common experience more quickly and more powerfully than can words

2 Add variety to the classroom or committee experience

3. Bring in added expertise to the classroom or committee

4. Create diversity and a range of experience for a population that does not currently have and may never obtain that experience in the course of their lives

5. Transmit information or offer training in a succinct way

6. Capitalize upon a format of information transmission familiar to and sought out by youth and others in our society

7. Connect ethical dilemmas/issues more easily to students’ or participants’ personal lives or personal experiences, or emotions

8. Provide the opportunity to discuss an ethical issue or topic in a way that is removed from any particular institutional or professional or personal failing

9. Bring real-life experiences of people dealing with bioethics issues, e.g., end of life, medical decision making, serious pediatric illness, Alzheimer’s Disease, refusal of treatment, etc., into the classroom

10. Show/model how real people rely on or use (or fail to use) ethical thinking or reflection

11. Encourage students to visualize or walk-through an experience in their minds and in classroom activities so that they are more prepared should the ethical issue or situation arise in their work or practice

WAYS TO USE:

1. Use a movie/video in its entirety or use a single clip or several segments following a common theme

2. Combine or pair videos/movies sharing the same perspective or offering a different perspective on the same topic

3. Pair or combine videos/movies on different but related issues

4. Juxtapose educational videos with popular movies

5. Use videos/movies with other resources (newspaper articles, court decisions, radio shows, novels, biographies, journal articles, television shows, non-fiction, soap operas, talk shows) to flesh out the “rest of the story” or to transmit information on topics raised in the video or movie

6. Repeat videos/movies to test or check for a change in reaction or knowledge over time

7. Use a video to spark discussion or introduce a topic

WAYS TO USE (cont.)

8. Have students or committee members critique a video presentation of a topic that they have studied to identify what was done well or poorly, indicate the information that is known or needs to be discovered, etc.

9. Offer training on or heighten sensitivity about particular issues using video and combine with role-play, short reflection pieces, research, etc.

PROBLEMS WITH USING VIDEOS/MOVIES

1. Outdated Technology: • technology shown - even though the ethical issues discussed remain relevant, the medical technology demonstrated or discussed quickly becomes outdated or the equipment shown is older (especially problematic with medical students or audiences or when considering a medical or scientific research issues) • technology and equipment for viewing - the program itself is in the wrong format for the equipment which you have available to show it

2. Talking Heads: although the information conveyed may be substantive, audiences (especially students!) tend to lose interest when a video offers mainly talk (interviews or expert commentary) and little action

3. Controversial Issues or Pictures: some issues or images raise objections from viewers, students, parents, schools or communities (good communication and clarity about the purpose is required)

4. Deterioration of Quality: audiovisual materials require preservation and care to last (even then the recording will not last permanently)

5. Time: viewing, editing and preparing video clips can be quite time consuming

6. Presentation format: risks being more emotionally overwhelming for some students or persons with sensitivity to an issue

7. Copyright or licensing requirements: meeting the requirements can be time consuming and costly

POSITIVE DEVELOPMENTS:

1. Online Access (streaming audio or video) — access to high quality, streaming video and audio on the Internet is increasing daily. Be sure to search “bioethics,” “ethics,” “medical ethics,” and other variations for more comprehensive retrieval. Check the websites of individual universities, institutions, organizations, and ethics centers since many post videos directly on their own site or on self-named YouTube channels. Be certain to preview the selection to be certain that the content is appropriate for your use and the quality and audio are sufficient for your location and audience type and size.

2. MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) – Many video lectures are available for your own or student use when you register for a MOOC created by many major universities. Platforms vary; check http://www.edX.org, http://www.coursera.org, http://www.khanacademy.org, https://moodle.org, and http://udemy.com OR search Springboard’s Course Finder https://www.springboard.com/course-finder to search across all MOOC platforms. Laura Bishop. Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics, [email protected]; developed 2000; revised 6/2016, IBC Bioethics Movie Clips 2016

Some Resources to Identify, Purchase, and/or View Video & Audio Programs on Bioethics Issues

Finding audiovisual footage with bioethics content becomes easier every day. More and more substantive content now finds its way to YouTube or is posted online on institutional or organizational websites. Educational or documentary films may be identified, streamed, borrowed, rented or purchased from many of the resources below. In addition, the interlibrary loan program at your institution or your public library may be able to locate and borrow titles for your use at low cost.

Use of the resources identified below offers a gateway to a range of audio or video possibilities available to educate and to stimulate discussion and reflection upon bioethics topics. Amazon.com is always a good source to check for purchasing information and possibilities. For commercial films, check for details in the Internet Movie Database (http://www.imdb.com). Be certain to purchase an institutional license if you plan to use the films in classrooms, conferences, or other public settings. Please contact Laura Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University with any questions or to suggest additions to this list at [email protected].

Bioethics Research Library (BRL), Kennedy Institute of Ethics http://bioethics.georgetown.edu) was founded as a special library focused entirely on identifying and gathering bioethics resources in many publication formats. Audiovisual records for approximately 739 audiovisuals gathered between 1974-2009 may be best located on the Library’s site at https://bioethics.georgetown.edu/library-materials/special-collections/audiovisual-collection/ To ask about specific titles or newer films, contact the Bioethics Research Library at [email protected] or email Laura Bishop at [email protected].

High School Bioethics Curriculum Project (HSBCP), Kennedy Institute of Ethics https://highschoolbioethics.georgetown.edu/archive/ This archived project offers unique bibliographies for Commercial Films and Educational and Documentary Films (under the link titled Bioethics Books and Movies Bibliographies) that may be mined for title ideas, content and acquisition information. A small set of about 35 film titles are available for short-term loan to high school teachers through the HSBCP’s Video Lending Library. There is no cost for borrowing the films and the programs available cover a range of topics. Case studies and discussion questions are also available at the site on a range of bioethics topics.

Academic Video Store (Alexander Street Press), https://www.academicvideostore.com/; 3212 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314; tel. 703-212-8520; email: [email protected]. Offerings may be searched by subject or publisher using their search engine or by title in the search box. Relevant subject categories include: bioethics, counseling, death and dying, dentistry, disabilities, health, health policy, Holocaust, nursing, and reproductive rights. Twenty-seven titles

1 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit. are retrieved using the “bioethics” subject search. Filmmakers Library Online is offered as a fee- based database to libraries and institutions; it provides basic title and content information and allows good quality, online viewing of videos in the collection. [STREAMING POSSIBILITY FOR PURCHASE OR INSTITUTIONAL SUBSCRIPTION]

Bullfrog Films at P.O. Box 149, Oley, PA 19547; 800-543-FROG (3764) or 610-779-8226; http://www.bullfrogfilms.com. Founded in 1973, this company is a resource for environmental and educational videos. It bills itself as “the leading producer of independently-produced environmental films in the US.” Relevant searchable subject areas include: animal rights, biotechnology, developing world, ecology, environment, ethics, human rights, indigenous peoples, and science and technology; an alphabetical title list also available. Best general site search occurs using the term ethics; searching bioethics retrieves eight titles. Bullfrog now participates in Docuseek2 that permits licensed colleges and universities to stream the best documentary and social issues films available and also has created “Bullfrog Communities” to make it easy to host a film screening in your community.

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) http://www.cbc.ca This site allows searches of recent and past video, audio, and text news stories. Many of the news stories retrieved by searching “bioethics,” have embedded links to video or audio clips. Video news coverage on key Canadian bioethics right-to-die cases, e.g., Sue Rodriguez and Nancy B., also are available. Other potential topics include euthanasia, IVF or genetically modified food or organisms and others in the categories of health, science and technology, and the environment. The quality of the broadcasts from this site is excellent. [ONLINE VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES]

C-SPAN’s Video Library www.c-span.org is a good site for congressional hearings and other federally-related bioethics materials. The site allows live viewing and listening to C-Span three television and radio. Use the search box to identify programs (searching bioethics retrieves 238 video programs and 327 videos with text. Check the “Schedule” for current, recent, or future programming (you may view or listen to hearings as they occur). Site offers helpful option to change the time zone so you can read the schedule based on where you are located and won’t miss an event. [ONLINE VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES; TRANSCRIPTS ALSO AVAILABLE]

Educational Media Reviews Online (EMRO) (http://emro.lib.buffalo.edu/emro/) Reviews written by librarians and teaching faculty in the US and Canada are edited by Lori Widzinski, Head, Multimedia Resources, University Libraries at the University of Buffalo. New reviews are added twice per month. Subject coverage is broader than bioethics; 62 titles are retrieved by searching bioethics as a keyword and 280 by searching ethics; search other terms, e.g., medicine, illness, mental illness, etc. for a more comprehensive retrieval. Reviews cover “videos, DVD, audio CD and CD-ROM materials from major educational and documentary distributors and independent filmmakers.” Films receive a rating to indicate whether and how highly they are recommended. An advanced search feature also is available.

2 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit.

Fanlight Productions http://www.fanlight.com; tel. 800-876-1710 or 718-488-8900; email [email protected]; rental or purchase options are available c/o Icarus Films, 32 Court Street, 21st Floor, Brooklyn, NY 11201; fax. 718-488-8642. Fanlight Productions specializes in film and video works on many core topics in bioethics, including, death & dying, disabilities, ethics, healthcare, mental health, professional ethics, aging and gerontology, the workplace, and gender and family issues and represents more than 150 independent and broadcast producers. Programs may be searched subject and title. Links to related films are suggested for each title and via a “web resources” option, the site offers links to health and advocacy information on many of the topics addressed through its films.

Films Media Group http://www.films.com; 132 West 31st Street, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10001; tel. 800-322-8755; fax. 800-687-3633; email [email protected]. This company offers a streaming video platform by subscription that focuses on various subject areas that intersect with bioethics (biology, environmental science, health & medicine, nursing, psychology/sociology, religion & philosophy, technology & society). Holdings include Bill Moyers’ films and Films in the Humanities & Sciences. Use the search box to enter terms or browse by subject. Searching medical ethics retrieves 55 titles; searching bioethics results in 24 titles. Additional DVD titles are available. [STREAMING POSSIBILITY FOR PURCHASE]

Internet Movie Database (IMDb) http://www.imdb.com/ is a wonderful resource to check plotlines, actors, and basic information about commercial films containing bioethics content. The IMDb is best used to search for additional information about specific movies known to contain a bioethics issue or theme. Movie titles may be entered into the search box.

Lichtenstein Creative Media http://www.lcmedia.com/is an award-winning, independent media production company located in Cambridge, MA and New York, NY. It produced several documentary programs around mental health/mental illness (West 47th Street and Voices of an Illness) and a public radio series called The Infinite Mind that explored the art and science of the human mind. The series is no longer being produced but instant audio downloads are available for purchase (a list of program content appears under the “public media” tab). Some programs explicitly address ethical issues, while others focus on topics about which ethical issues exist. Opening audio clips are available from Peabody Award Winning Voice of an Illness. [INSTANT AUDIO DOWNLOADS AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE]

The Literature, Arts, and Medicine Database (LitMed), New York University School of Medicine (http://medhum.med.nyu.edu/) is “a collection of literature (prose and poetry), fine art, visual art and performing art annotations” that was developed to support medical humanities teaching and research in a variety of settings. Works are selected and reviewed by an invited editorial board of North American scholars. The Database may be searched by keyword, free text, genre, and author/artist/director. The site also offers a newsletter and links to relevant syllabi, upcoming events, and audio commentary on selected resources. The Database is a project of the Division of Medical Humanities, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine with

3 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit. programming, design, and technical support from the Institute for Innovation in Medical Education (IIME), also part of the NYU School of Medicine.

National Institutes of Health, VideoCasting at http://videocast.nih.gov/. This site provides links into audiovisual recordings of lectures at NIH. Click on search (top bar) to enter keywords such as bioethics or neurosciences or clinical trials, etc. and view archived video on demand. NIH now also is posting videos on YouTube on the NIH VideoCast Channel http://www.youtube.com/nihvcast, including the NIH Director’s Weekly Wednesday Lecture Series from leading researchers worldwide and conferences. [ONLINE VIDEO RESOURCES]

National Library of Medicine (NLM), History of Medicine Division Guide to Mental Health Motion Pictures https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/collections/films/mentalhealthguide/index.html The Guide contains basic information for each film – title, date, associated names, length, a brief abstract, and a link to the NLM catalog. Site also has a similar guide to Tropical Disease Motion Pictures with links to digitized films. [ONLINE VIDEO RESOURCE] and an older list of Public Health Service Films.

National Public Radio (NPR) http://www.npr.org provides streaming audio and often transcripts of programs on a range of bioethics topics. Search by subject area by clicking on topics at the top of the page and selecting health or science OR search by shows from the top right of the screen and browse through recordings of past shows such as Fresh Air, All Things Considered, Snap Judgment, the Hidden Brain, and the TED Radio Hour that often focus on topics in health, science, and medicine. You can also listen to NPR live by clicking on live radio at the top right.

PBS Videos at http://www.pbs.org is the access point for Frontline, NOVA, and Religion & Ethics Newsweekly programs. Click on Shop at the top of the page, then select either Shows or enter keyword search terms. Transcripts and streaming video are available online for some programs. The site also offers a “teacher shop” with selected resources. [SOME ONLINE VIDEO RESOURCES FOR PURCHASE]

Scottish Council on Bioethics’ Biomedical Ethics Film Library (http://www.schb.org.uk/films/) This resource is fairly self-explanatory. Films are labeled by type and clicking on titles provides a brief summary of the film’s characteristics and topic focus. Films are organized by topic on the right-side and new additions are listed prominently on the left-side of the page. Topical film lists may be found under “Events” based on selections shown during annual film festivals. The Film Library is presented in association with the European Medical Students’ Association.

Sloan Science and Film Museum of the Moving Image (http://scienceandfilm.org) The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation offers prizes to students at six leading film schools who make films about science and technology. The site provides access to streaming video of many of the award winning short films. The site also offers original articles, interview with scientists and researchers, and news about science and film. [ONLINE VIDEO RESOURCES] 4 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit.

Snagfilms (www.Snagfilms.com), offers a way to view documentaries and independent films streamed free on the site, although the advertising that supports access to the programs seems to pop up at odd times during viewing. In addition, I did not find a means to stop a film mid-way and return to the same point. Many categories of films including documentaries, science and the environment, award-winning are offered on this business that was launched in July 2008 by sports-team owner and internet pioneer Ted Leonsis along with other investors.

University of Kentucky (UK), Program for Bioethics http://ukhealthcare.uky.edu/bioethics- program/film-list/ offers a list for “Bioethics on Film” with short descriptions of content.

University of Virginia School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities - Medical Center Hour The Medical Center Hour is a weekly lecture series held from mid- September to mid-March each year at the UVA School of Medicine. The lecture calendar is posted at https://med.virginia.edu/biomedical-ethics/medical-center-hour/ and videos themselves appear at http://youtube.com/uvamch. [ONLINE VIDEO AND AUDIO RESOURCES]

WorldCat Database: The World’s Largest Library Catalog (part of OCLC) http://www.worldcat.org search this global listing of library holdings of books, DVDs, CDs, and articles to see what you can find or limit the search to resources at libraries near you. Searching DVDs using bioethics retrieves 302 titles, while the same search retrieves 123 CDs. An advanced search option is also available to narrow retrieval.

5 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit.

The following three resources offer short videos that range from scholarly, professional comments on issues in bioethics to very personal efforts to explain topics in bioethics to classmates or other human beings. Video materials are uploaded by individuals, organizations, and institutions.

Google http://www.google.com searches using the term movies or films and a term of interest, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease or mental illness, will yield a list of results, including some curated lists by individuals or organizations that focus on a particular topic or issues. These lists can be helpful in identifying films you may wish to watch or purchase. You can also search in Google Scholar https://scholar.google.com for articles about using films in teaching, e.g., bioethics films, as a simple search.

Google Videos http://video.google.com, enter keyword terms into the search box to search for video clips on the Internet. Keyword examples include bioethics, stem cells, cloning, etc. Be warned: the videos retrieved will range from the educational or documentary in nature to the humorous or personal video blog. The number of titles from professional sources is increasing. Google may be refining the search strategy to be more precise: on June 4, 2016, entering the term bioethics in the search box resulted in 154,000 titles (on May 27, 2013 the same search retrieved 155,000 results. (On May 13, 2013, entering the term bioethics in the search box for Google Videos resulted in 3,810,000 retrievals (up from 2,000,000 retrievals on July 23, 2012).

YouTube at http://www.youtube.com/ search on June 4, 2016 with bioethics in the search box retrieved 29,900 titles. (Past year results for this search were: 21,500 titles on May 28, 2015; 12,800 titles on May 13, 2013; 3,260 titles on July 23, 2012; 3,120 on June 5, 2012; 2,160 in early June 2011; 5,950 hits in early June 2010; and 39 in July of 2008.) The results run the gamut from scholarly talks, to serious interviews to TV news clips to efforts to document individual contributions to bioethics to humorous class projects on topics in bioethics. More and more scholarly bioethics resources and talks are now posted here by a variety of institutions and organizations.

This list was created by: Laura Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics (KIE), Georgetown University, Washington, DC; email: [email protected]; tel.: 202- 687-3638. Feel free to use this list with appropriate credit. List last updated, June 4, 2016 for the KIE’s Intensive Bioethics Course 2016, No. 42.

6 List created by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Head, Academic Programs, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University;[email protected] and last updated June 4, 2016. You are welcome to reproduce and distribute this information or the document with appropriate credit.

Movies with Bioethics Content prepared by Laura Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University (updated 5/2015)

Title Year Country Genre Minutes Rating Color or Topic Black & White

Adam 2009 US Drama/Romance 99 PG-13 color Asperger’s Syndrome

Age Old Friends 1989 US Comedy 90 no rating color Dementia; (TV Movie)

AI: Artificial Intelligence 2011 US SF 146 PG-13 color artificial intelligence

All Quiet on the Western 1930 US Drama 145 NR b & w morality of war Front 1979 UK Drama 130 NR color

Altered States 1980 US SF 102 R color human experimentation

And the Band Played On 1993 US Drama 141 R color AIDS

Andromeda Strain 1971 US Drama 131 color Infectious disease (alien virus)

As Good as It Gets 1997 US Drama/Comedy/ 139 PG-13 color mental illness (obsessive Romance compulsive disorder) (some nudity)

At First Sight 1998 US Drama 129 PG-13 color blindness; experimental surgery; recovery of sight

Aurora Borealis 2006 US Drama/Romance 110 R color Includes Alzheimer’s Disease (grandparent) as part of the plot; early death of a parent

Awakenings 1990 US Drama 121 PG color human experimentation with coma patients

You are welcome to reproduce this table and/or use its content with attribution. List started by Doris Goldstein, MLS and Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., and maintained by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics (last updated June 1, 2015) Movies with Bioethics Content prepared by Laura Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University (updated 5/2015)

Away from Her 2006 US Drama/Romance 110 PG-13 color Alzheimer’s Disease; aging (adaptation by writer-director Sarah Polley of a short story by Alice Munro, “The Bear Came Over the Mountain”)

Baby Mama 2008 US Comedy 99 PG-13 color surrogate motherhood, assisted reproductive technologies

Beautiful Mind, A 2001 US Drama/ 136 PG-13 color mental illness (schizophrenia) Biography (mathematician/game theorist John Forbes Nash, Jr.) (sexual content)

Being John Malkovich 1999 US Comedy/Drama/ 112 R color personhood Fantasy

Benny and Joon 1993 US Comedy/Drama 98 PG color mental illness (schizophrenia)

Best Boy 1979 US Documentary 111 no rating color mental retardation

Bicentennial Man 1999 US Drama/Fantasy 132 PG color artificial intelligence; rights of other “life” forms

Big Business 1988 US Comedy 97 PG color twins reared apart

Big Fish 2003 US Adventure/Drama 125 PG-13 color death & dying; end of life; family relationships

Fantasy

Bikini Atoll 1998 US Documentary testing of the atomic bomb; 1946 environmental issues; animal welfare/animal rights

Bill 1981 US Biography/Drama 100 no rating color mentally disabled adult You are welcome to reproduce this table and/or use its content with attribution. List started by Doris Goldstein, MLS and Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., and maintained by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics (last updated June 1, 2015) Movies with Bioethics Content prepared by Laura Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University (5/2014)

Blade Runner 1982 US SF 118 R color genetic engineering (1993 Director’s Cut released) (loosely based on Philip K. Dick’s novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?)

Born on the Fourth of July 1989 US War/Drama/ 144 R color Viet Nam vet coping with paralysis from war Biography injuries

Boys From Brazil, The 1978 US Thriller 123 R color Cloning

Brian’s Song 1971 US Biography 73 color cancer, terminal illness

Charly 1968 US 103 PG color mental retardation; scientific experimentation (based on Daniel Keyes’ Flowers for Algernon (also television movie, 2000)

Children of a Lesser God 1986 US Drama 119 R color deafness

Cider House Rules 1999 US Drama 126 PG-13 color abortion

Civil Action, A 1998 US Drama 118 PG-13 color environmental issues; corporate pollution; leukemia (based on non-fiction book A Civil Action by Jonathan Harr; true story of Anne Anderson, her son Jimmy who died of leukemia in 1981, and a neighborhood (Pine Street) of East Woburn, Massachusetts)

Clockwork Orange 1971 US SF 137 R color operant conditioning (based on Anthony Burgess’ novel Clockwork Orange)

Cloning of Joanna May, The 1992 US SF 180 no rating color cloning; (film is based on a novel by Fay Weldon by the same title)

Clonus Horror 1979 US SF 90 R color cloning (see also: Parts: The Clonus Horror)

Cocoon 1985 US SF / Comedy 117 PG-13 color Aging

Coma 1978 US Thriller 113 PG color organ transplantation

Contagion 2011 US SF, Drama, Thriller 106 PG-13 color pandemic, infectious disease

Creation 2009 US Biography / Drama 108 PG-13 color Charles Darwin; evolution; Origin of Species; relationship between science and religion; death of a child

Critical Care 1997 US Comedy/Drama 107 R color allowing to die

Cure, The 1995 US Drama 99 PG-13? color AIDS

Dad 1989 US Drama/Comedy 117 PG color autonomy; patient rights; parental illness and family relationships; family obligations

Dallas Buyers Club 2013 US Biography/Drama 117 R color AIDS, pharmaceutical drugs

Dark Victory 1939 US Drama 66 not rated brain cancer; death and dying

David and Lisa 1962 US Drama 94 no rating b & w disturbed teenagers

Descendants, The 2011 US Drama/Comedy 115 R color persistent vegetative state, advance directives

Dirty Pretty Things 2002 UK Drama 97 R color black market in human organs; illegal immigration (prostitution)

Diving Bell & the 2007 France/US Biography/ 112 PG-13 color Locked-in Syndrome; neurological issues; Butterfly, The Drama Communication (based on life of JeanDominique Bauby and his autobiography which he dictated using the blinking of his eyes) (nudity, sexual content, some language)

Doctor, The 1991 US Drama 125 PG-13 color doctor as patient; physicianpatient relationship; cancer

Donor 1990 US Thriller 100 no rating color organ donation

Door to Door 2002 US Drama/Biography 90 color cerebral palsy

Double Helix 1987 US Drama 97 no rating color scientific research; discovery of the structure of DNA (based on the work of James Watson and Francis Crick); history of science

Dr. Cyclops 1940 US Adventure/ 77 no rating color research ethics Science Fiction/Horror

Dr. Ehrlich’s Magic Bullet 1940 US Biography/ 103 no rating scientific research; history of medicine; Drama antimicrobial Salvarsan

Drugstore Cowboy 1989 US Drama 102 R color drug abuse

Dying Young 1991 US Drama/Romance 111 R color death and dying

Eighth Day 1996 US Drama 118 not rated color Down Syndrome

Elephant Man 1980 US Biography/ 124 PG b & w attitudes toward patients with deformities; Drama/ History lymphedema (based on the life of Englishman John Merrick, 1800s)

Erin Brockovich 2000 US Biography/ 131 R color environmental issues; cancer-causing toxic waste Drama

Eternal Sunshine of a 2004 US SF/Drama/ 108 R color memory; personhood Spotless Mind Romance

Extraordinary Measures 2010 US Drama 106 PG color genetics; research

Extreme Measures 1996 US Crime/Drama/ 118 R color research ethics; paralysis; based on Michael Mystery Palmer’s 1991 book Extreme Measures; utilitarian themes; vulnerable populations

Fantastic Voyage 1966 US Adventure/Science 100 PG color Nanotechnology Fiction

Fat Man and Little Boy 1989 US Biography/Drama/H 127 PG-13 color development of the atomic bomb istory

Fear Strikes Out 1957 US Sports/ 100 no rating b & w mental illness Biography

Firefly Dreams 2001 Japanese Drama 105 no rating color Alzheimer’s Disease; neighbor caregiver; adolescent caregiver (original title -"Ichiban utsukushî natsu”)

First, Do No Harm 1997 US Drama 120 PG-13 color alternative medicine; philosophy of medicine

Frankenstein 1994 US/Japan Drama/Horror 123 R color human experimentation

Frances 1982 US Biography 140 R color mental illness

GATTACA 1997 US SF/Drama/ 106 PG-13 color genetics; genetic engineering Adventure

Ghosts of Mississippi 1996 US Drama 130 PG-13 color Civil Rights Movement; justice; Racism

Girl Interrupted 1999 US Drama 127 R color adolescence; mental illness (borderline personality disorder); treatment of mental illness; drug use (based on the true story of Susanna Kaysen in the late 1960s, see her true book Girl Interrupted)

Gone Baby Gone 2007 US Drama color drug-abusing mother; adoption

Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of 1988 US Biography/Drama 129 PG-13 color animal protection (based on the true story of Dian Dian Fossey Fossey)

Great Moment 1944 US Drama 87 PG-13 color discovery of ether (1846); surgery; history of medicine (based on the true story of physician Dr. William Morton)

Hable con Ella (Talk to Her) 2002 Spain Drama/Romance 112 R color coma; care-giving; autonomy; Spanish with English subtitles

Hand Maid’s Tale 1990 US Drama/Science 108 R color government control of reproduction; based on a Fiction novel by Margaret Atwood

Hilary and Jackie 1998 US Drama/ 120 not rated color multiple sclerosis; music (based on the true story Biography of musician sisters Hilary and Jacqueline de Pre (1950s England)

I Never Promised You a 1977 US Drama 96 R color mental illness Rose Garden

Iceman 1984 US Fantasy 99 PG color Neanderthal / human experimentation

If These Walls Could Talk 1996 US Drama 97 R color Abortion

Ikuru 1952 Japan Drama 143 not rated color terminal illness; cancer

Inherit the Wind 1960 US Drama 127 no rated b & w Evolution

Intouchables, The 2011 France Drama/Biography/ 112 R color quadriplegia; living with a life-altering condition; Comedy caregiving; home health aids

Iris 2001 US Drama 91 R color Alzheimer’s Disease; aging; writing (based on the true story of philosopher Iris Murdoch and her writer husband John Bayley) (see John Bayley’s book Iris)

Island, The 2005 US SF/Drama/ 216 PG-13 color cloning; organ harvesting; surrogate Action motherhood; involuntary and sacrificial use of clones

Island of Dr. Moreau 1996 US SF/Horror 96 PG-13 color genetic engineering

Judgment at Nuremberg 1961 US War/Historical 178 no rating b & w human experimentation

Junior 1994 US Comedy 110 PG-13 color male pregnancy

Jurassic Park 1993 US SF/Action 127 PG-13 color cloning (dinosaurs), DNA

King of Hearts 1966 France? War/Drama/ 102 no rating color Institutionalization /UK Comedy

Larry 1974 US Drama 78 no rating color man wrongly confined to mental institution

Life Is Beautiful 1997 Italy Comedy/Drama/ 116 PG-13 color Holocaust; concentration camp Romance

Life Support 2007 US Biography/ 90 color HIV/AIDS, drug addiction (based on life of AIDS Drama activist Andrea Williams)

Lilith 1964 US Drama 114 no rating b & w therapist/boundary violation

Limitless 2011 US Mystery/Thriller/SF 105 PG-13 color pharmacological enhancement; cognitive enhancement

Logan’s Run 1976 US SF 119 PG color utopian society of the future(novel of the same name)

Longtime Companion 1998 US Drama 100 R color AIDS

Lorenzo’s Oil 1993 US Drama 129 PG-13 color alternative medicine; rare conditions; medical establishment; medical experimentation (see NWABR Curriculum Online for curriculum resources; Wash Post obituary May 2008)

Losing Isaiah 1995 US Drama 111 R color drug-abusing mother; adoption

Lust for Life 1956 US Biography 112 no rating color mental illness (based on the lives of Vincent Van Gogh (late 1800s Paris), his brother Theodore, and Paul Gauguin)

M 1931 Germany Horror/Drama/ 99 no rating b & w insanity defense Crime

Madame Curie 1943 US Biography/ 204 no rating scientific research; history of Drama science

Madhouse 1974 UK Horror 89 PG color mental illness

Madness of King George, 1994 UK?/US Historical/ 107 PG-13 color physical illness (porphyria) causing mental The Drama/ illness; history of medicine; treatment of the Biography mentally ill; cupping

Mania 1959 UK Horror 87 no rating b & w experimentation on corpses

Mar Adelante (Sea Inside, 2004 Spain Drama 126 PG-13 color spinal cord injury; quadriplegia; right to die The) (Spanish language with English subtitles)

Mask 1985 Drama 120 PG-13 color craniofacial deformities; treatment of persons with physical differences;

Medicine Man 1992 PG-13 Adventure/ 106 PG-13 color pharmaceuticals Romance/Drama

Metropolis 1926 Germany Fantasy/Drama 120 no rating b & w futuristic, mechanized society

Million Dollar Baby 2004 US Drama 132 PG-13 color paralysis; right to die

Miss Evers’ Boys 1997 US Drama 118 PG color human experimentation; U.S. Public Health Service study of untreated syphilis among African American men in Tuskegee, AL) (1930s to 1970s Southern US)

Mr. Jones 1993 US Romance/Drama 114 R color psychiatry boundary violation

Multiplicity 1996 US SF/Comedy/ 1996 PG-13 color cloning Fantasy

My Body, My Child 1982 US 100 no rating color abortion, birth defects

My Left Foot 1989 US Biography/ 103 R color cerebral palsy (based on the life of Christy Drama Brown, an Irish writer)

My Life 1993 US Drama 112 PG-13? color terminal illness

My Life without Me 2003 Spain Drama/Romance 106 R color terminal illness; dying young; uterine cancer

My Sister’s Keeper 2002 US Drama 90 not rated color mental illness (schizoaffective disorder); sibling relationship

Nell 1994 US Romance/Drama 113 PG-13? color research on child raised outside society; language acquisition

Network 1976 US Drama 121 R color media ethics

Never Let Me Go 2010 US Drama/ 103 R color organ donation; adolescents/minors Romance

Night, Mother 1986 US Drama 96 PG-13 color Suicide

1984 1984 UK SF/Drama/ 113 R color futuristic society with no privacy Romance

Notebook, The 2004 US Romance / Drama 123 PG-13 color Alzheimer’s Disease

Now Is Good 2012 US Drama/Romance 103 PG-13 color death and dying; terminal illness – adolescent or minor; leukemia

Now, Voyager 1942 US Drama 117 no rating b & w Psychiatry

Nuts 1987 US Drama 116 R color insanity defense

Of Mice and Men 1939 US Drama 107 no rating b & w mental retardation

On Golden Pond 1981 US Drama/Comedy 109 PG color Aging

One Flew Over the 1975 US Drama 133 R color institutionalization; mental illness; mental health Cuckoo's Nest care

One True Thing 1998 US Drama 127 R color death and dying; cancer; Anna Quindlan wrote the novel

Ordinary People 1980 US Drama 123 R color Grief

Outbreak 1995 US Thriller/Disaster 127 R color infectious disease

Passion Fish 1992 US Drama 135 R color spinal cord injury; nursing ethics

Patch Adams 1998 US Comedy/ 115 PG-13 color practice of medicine; medical Drama establishment (based on the true story of physician Patch Adams) (strong language)

Philadelphia 1993 US Drama 125 PG-13 color HIV/AIDS; homosexuality

Place for Annie 1994 US Drama color pediatric AIDS; drug addiction (made for TV movie)

Plague Dogs, The 1982 US Drama 86 no rating color animal experimentation

President's Analyst, The 1967 US Spy/Comedy 104 no rating color Satire

Pressure Point 1962 US Drama 91 no rating b & w psychiatrist treats a Nazi prisoner

Pride of the Yankees, The 1942 US Biography/ 208 no rating b & w, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gehrig’s Drama/Sports and Disease) (based on the life of baseball player Lou color Gehrig)

Prince of Tides, The 1991 US Romance/Drama 132 R color Psychiatry

Private Worlds 1935 US Drama 84 no rating b & w institutionalization; mental illness; mental health care

Radio Bikini 1987 US Documentary 56 no rating color & b atomic bomb; nuclear weapons testing (1946) - & w “0peration Crossroads” U.S. Military; environmental ethics; obligations to displaced persons; animal welfare; animal rights

Rain Man 1988 US Drama 140 R color Autism

Rain Without Thunder 1992 US Drama 87 no rating color Abortion

Rainmaker 1997 US Comedy/Drama 135 PG-13 color lawsuit regarding health insurance for leukemia patient

Regarding Henry 1991 US Drama 107 PG-13 color recovery from brain injury; personality change

Robot and Frank 2012 US Comedy/Drama 89 PG-13 color artificial intelligence; morality of machines

Roe vs. Wade 1989 US 100 no rating color Abortion

Ryan White Story, The 1989 US Biography/Drama 105 no rating color pediatric AIDS; public health ethics; hemophilia; terminal disease; television movie

Savages, The 2007 US Comedy/Drama 113 R color Alzheimer’s Disease; adult children caring for parent

Sea Inside (Mar Adelante) 2004 Spain Drama 125 PG-13 color spinal cord injury; quadriplegia; right to die (Spanish language with English subtitles)

Secret of NIMH, The 1982 US Children’s/ 82 G color animal experimentation Animated

Silent Fall 1994 US Drama/Mystery 101 R color Autism

Sleeping and Waking 2009 US Science Fiction/ 92 no rating color death and dying; life after illness; cancer Drama/Romance

Sixth Day, The 2000 US Action/Science 123 PG-13 color cloning; “image of God”; theological perspectives Fiction

Snake Pit, The 1948 US Drama 108 no rating b & w institutionalization; mental illness

Something the Lord Made 2004 US Drama 110 no rating color pediatric heart defects; racism; surgical and medical innovation

Somethings Gotta Give 2003 US Romance/Drama/ 128 PG-13 color heart disease Comedy

Song for Martin 2001 Swedish Drama/Romance/ 117 PG-13 color Alzheimer’s Disease; Swedish with English subtitles

Southern Comfort 2001 US Documentary 90 color transgendered individuals; access to health care; physician responsibility; social acceptance of difference; sexuality; death and dying

Soylent Green 1973 US SF/Mystery 100 PG color Overpopulation

Spellbound 1945 US Thriller 111 no rating b & w psychiatry

Splice 2009 US Thriller 104 R color genetic engineering; animal-human genetic intermingling (warning about language and inter-species sex scenes)

Story of Louis Pasteur 1935 US Biography/ 87 no rating b & w history of medicine Drama

Steel Magnolias 1989 US Drama/Romance 118 PG color diabetes, pregnancy, kidney donation

Streetcar Named Desire, A 1951 US Drama 122 no rating b & w mental illness?

Sylvia 2003 US Drama/ 100 R color mental illness (depression); suicide (based on the Biography life of American poet and novelist Sylvia Plath and her English poet husband Ted Hughes) (nudity, sexuality, language)

Talk to Her (Hable con Ella) 2002 Spain Drama/Romance 112 R color coma; care-giving; autonomy; Spanish with English subtitles

You are welcome to reproduce this table and/or use its content with attribution. List started by Doris Goldstein, MLS and Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., and maintained by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics (last updated June 1, 2015) Movies with Bioethics Content prepared by Laura Bishop, Ph.D. Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University (5/2014)

Terminal Man, The 1974 US SF 107 PG color computer takeover

Three Faces of Eve, The 1957 US Drama 91 no rating b & w mental illness (multiple personality disorder)

Through a Glass, Darkly 1962 Sweden Drama 91 no rating b & w mental illness

Tic Code, The 1998 US Drama 91 R color Tourette’s Syndrome; music

Tim 1979 Australian Romance/Drama Intellectual developmental issues

Transcendent Man 2009 US Documentary 83 no rating color artificial intelligence

Tuesdays with Morrie 1999 US Drama 89 not rated color Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) (based on the true story of professor Morrie Schwartz, retold in a book by the same name written by Mitch Albom)

Twilight of the Golds 1997 US Drama 93 PG-13 color prenatal genetic testing; sexuality (also a play of the same name by Jonathan Tolins)

Verdict, The 1982 US Drama 129 R color medical malpractice

Whales of August, The 1987 US Drama 90 no rating color Aging

What Dreams May Come 1998 US Drama 113 PG-13 color grief; suicide?

You are welcome to reproduce this table and/or use its content with attribution. List started by Doris Goldstein, MLS and Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., and maintained by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics (last updated June 1, 2015) Movies with Bioethics Content prepared by Laura Bishop, Ph.D. Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University (5/2014)

Whose Life Is It Anyway? 1981 US Drama 120 R color spinal cord injury; quadriplegia, right to die

Wild Child 1970 France Drama 83 G color research on a child raised outside society; language acquisition

Wit 2001 US Drama 97 PG-13 color death and dying; cancer; television movie (see also a play of the same name by Margaret Edson)

Woman's Tale, A 1991 Australia Drama 93 PG-13 color dying

X-Men (original and other films 2000 US Science Fiction / 104 PG-13 color mutants (genetic?) with superpowers; forces of in the series) Action good and evil

Yellow Jack 1938 US Drama/ 83 not rated infectious disease (Yellow Fever); medical Biography/ research; (based on the true story of US physician History Walter Reed and colleagues efforts to determine the cause of Yellow Fever in Cuba in the early 1900s) (Cuban physician Carlos Finlay thought that the disease might be caused by the bite of infected mosquitos)

Resource:

Vankin, Jonathan; Whalen, John. Based on a True Story* (*But with More Car Crashes): Fact and Fantasy in 100 Favorite Movies. Chicago: A Cappella Books (An imprint of Chicago Review Press, Inc.), 2005. 446 p. (ISBN: 1-55652-559-1)

The entries provide factual details behind the movies and point out where moviemakers elaborated on or departed from the story. Each entry concludes with a brief reference list to newspaper and journal articles, books, and other publications that offer the true facts of each story. Read the true story behind the films: A Beautiful Mind (pp. l -4); A Civil Action (pp. 55-58); Erin Brockovich (pp. 14-17); Ghosts of Mississippi (pp. 50-54).

You are welcome to reproduce this table and/or use its content with attribution. List started by Doris Goldstein, MLS and Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., and maintained by Laura J. Bishop, Ph.D., Kennedy Institute of Ethics (last updated June 1, 2015) IBC 2016 Interactive Workshop Using Film for Teaching or Discussing Suggested Approaches (Section III on the Session Outline)

Individual Responses Tool: Tables; Prompting Questions (American College of Dentists, Indiana University School of Dentistry) Video: Who Decides: Ethics for Dental Practitioners A. Individual Responses B. Guided Individual Responses C. Compare to data about responses (when available) D. Can also be the basis for “think-pair-share” E. Can use polling or clicker technology

Compare & Contrast; Show Commonality Tool: T-Graph; Venn Diagram Videos: Me Before You & The Intouchables (could also be done with three films we saw on organ transplantation)

Argument Analysis Tool: Prepared Worksheets Video: Beautiful Sin • Identify Central Question – Document Arguments Pro & Arguments Con (Ethics Primer) • Rules vs. Outcomes Worksheet (Ethics Primer)

Guided Research; Pre-test/Post-test Tool: Prepared Worksheet Video: Perfect Strangers A. Provide limited universe of resources – websites, books, articles B. Provide the questions but don’t suggest any resources C. Use as pre-test to determine prior knowledge D. Use as post-test to determine growth in knowledge

Documentary Analysis Tool: Prepared Worksheet (team or individual responses; group discussion) Video: Perfect Strangers Can use any or all of these analysis tools: • Facts/Opinions (Ethics Primer) • Know, Learn, Need to Know @ Topic (Ethics Primer)

Documentary Analysis Tool: Double-Entry Journal Video: Perfect Strangers Two column table • Column One: Facts/Statements (teacher provided or student generated during film) • Column Two: My Opinions/Thoughts/Questions (student generated notes in response to facts/statements)

Discussion Questions Tool: Prepared Questions Video: Perfect Strangers A. All groups discuss all questions B. Each group discusses the same question – with reporting out, groups can see where they agreed or thought of the same answer and/or can see where they disagreed or thought of different answers C. Each group discusses a different question – with reporting out this approach means broader learning occurs in a shorter amount of time; may or may not be remembered as well if participants do not pay attention to the remarks of others D. Students also can propose questions for group discussion

Standing in the Shoes/Changing your Perspective (Role Play) & Mock Ethics Committee Tool: Prepared Group Identities (can add supporting documents and resources to help develop the topic and the particular role) Video: Just Keep Breathing A. Discuss role and response in same identity group (can use prompting questions) B. Participate in a mixed role discussion similar to a Mock Ethics Committee Meeting (each group sends a representative to a larger mixed role discussion and all others watch and listen to the discussion --“fishbowl”; can add the rule that representatives of the same role can tap in if they think they can add to the discussion)

Notes about Other Ideas to Try

Activity Packet

L.J. Bishop, Ph.D. [email protected] IBC 2016

Individual Responses: Video Title: Who Decides?: Ethics for Dental Practitioners

• Please list possible actions • Rank your thoughts about the appropriateness of each:

Individual Responses: Video Title: Who Decides?: Ethics for Dental Practitioners

• What factors might be considered in determining the appropriate response? • After you have listed the various factors, please indicate how you would rank their importance.

Contributing Factor–weigh its importance in your Decisive Important Not Clear Little Not considerations Importance Important

Guided Individual Responses: Video Title: Who Decides?: Ethics for Dental Practitioners (ACD; IU School of Dentistry) • Rank each of the proposed actions as to your agreement • Add any additional possible approaches that you think should be considered

Proposed Action / Possible Approaches Absolutely Probably 50/50 Doubtful No Way (you (you are in (you think it (you (you are in entire entire is a good are not think it a disagreement) agreement) idea) sure) bad idea) Should Dr. Kingsley attempt to convince Mr. Whitlock that veneers are not for everyone and they would not address his significant oral health needs?

Should Dr. Kingsley continue to try to convince Mr. Whitlock that his long-term oral health depends on the plan that the doctor has developed?

Should Dr. Kingsley suggest a cleaning and that the restoration be replaced now, postponing the overall treatment plan for the time being?

Should Dr. Kingsley explain that patient needs take precedence over patient wants in your office and that perhaps another dentist might feel differently?

Should Dr. Kingsley begin the work requested by Mr. Whitlock while continuing to educate him during treatment?

Other (please state in detail)

Guided Individual: Responses Video Title: Who Decides?: Ethics for Dental Practitioners (ACD; IU School of Dentistry) • Indicate the weight of each contributing factor in your decision making about the appropriate action

Contributing Factor–weigh its importance in your Decisive Important Not Clear Little Not considerations Importance Important Patient autonomy (the right to choose what they feel is best for themselves)

Patient’s comprehensive oral needs

Dentist’s autonomy (the right to choose what they feel is best for the patient)

Legal Considerations

Verbal skills and confidence of the dentist and dental hygienist

Prospect that such a patient will become a management problem

Other (please be specific)

Move from paper to technology for individual response with overview of the class or group response: Some options: • Clickers • Plickers • Poll Everywhere

T-Graph Compare and Contrast – two films in their portrayal of disability

Me Before You The Intouchables

Issues (student Me Before You The Intouchables generated or leader provided)

Compare & Contrast; Show Commonality – Venn Diagram

Me Before You The Intouchables

Compare & Contrast; Show Commonality – Venn Diagram - Organ Donation & Transplantation

China

United States Iran

Guided Research; Pre-Test and/or Post-Test

Resources:

• http://unos.org • http://matchingdonors.com • http://www.pbs.org

1. As of today’s date, there are ______people waiting for kidneys in the United States. Source:

2. How many potential living kidney donors are there willing to be altruistic kidney donors? ______Source:

3. Blood types are important in organ donation. How many blood types are there? ______Source:

4. Blood types were discovered in ______(date) by Austrian scientist Karl Landsteiner. He was awarded the Nobel Prize 30 years later. Source:

5. Which organs may be donated by a living ogan donor? Please list: Source:

6. Which country has a government-sponsored legal market for kidneys? ______Source:

7. O blood type donors are called the universal ______? Source:

8. Which blood type is called the universal recipient? ______Source:

9. The first successful kidney donation took place in ______(date)? Source:

Bonus: What were the names of the people involved in the first successful kidney donation (the donor and the recipient)? ______and ______Source:

Bonus: Why was this donation successful when others had failed? ______Source:

Double-Entry Journal

Fact/Statement My Opinions/Thoughts/Questions Last year there were 5, 538 living kidney donors in the US; • When (date) did the first living kidney donation take 184 of these kidney donors donated for purely altruistic place? reasons – to a complete stranger. (Fact Slide) • What does a kidney do? • Why is the number of altruistic donors such a small portion of all living kidney donors? Is the number of altruistic donors bigger or smaller than in previous years? • What motivates someone to donate an organ to someone they don’t know? • Why did the other living donors donate their kidneys? • Who keeps these statistics? “It’s easy for me to donate because this is my wife and there’s a bond there. “ (Jim, Kathy’s husband) “My family has a history of polycystic kidney disease. We all tested positive – 3 brothers and myself.” (Kathy) “It is just a matter of doing it [dialysis], day after day, week after week.” (Jim, Kathy’s husband about Kathy’s home dialysis) “It’s painful, an arduous process….and then just the idleness. I can’t imagine having to sit still that long, for that many hours every week.” (Ellie about observing Kathy’s home dialysis) “We found out that her blood would make antigens to my • What are antigens? How do they work? blood, which means that she would reject my kidney.” (Ellie • How did they find out that Kathy and Ellie were not a about Kathy and the reason she could not donate to Kathy) good match? • What happens in rejection? • Are there other reasons why someone’s body might reject a kidney? • How come every transplanted kidney is not rejected? How many transplanted kidneys are rejected?

Discussion Questions (http://www.perfectstrangersmovie.com)

• After watching the film, the first question that is usually raised by the audience is,“Why did Ellie voluntarily donate her kidney to someone she didn’t know?” What is your understanding of her motivations? Is the desire to help another in need enough of an explanation?

• What keeps people from registering to be a deceased donor? Should we become a nation in which one has to actively “opt out” (as is the case in many European countries) rather than requiring an individual to “opt in”, or actively sign up, if they wish to become a donor?

• There are between 100 and 200 “Good Samaritan” donors every year in the U.S. – why do you think the number is so small? What can we do as a community to improve these statistics?

• Iran is currently the only country where it is legal for a person to sell his or her kidneys. As result, there is no wait list. The “vendor” is compensated by both the government and the recipient. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act is a U.S. law that prohibits the buying and selling of human organs for transplant purposes. Should compensation for living donors in the U.S. be considered as a way to increase the supply of organs? What form might this compensation take (e.g. health care for life, educational expenses for donor’s children, monetary payment, etc.) [Can use an article prompt here, e.g., the Washington Post’s In Theory series December 28, 2015 with different perspectives on whether the US or other governments should financially compensate organ donors.]

• If the law were to be changed, would it be ethical for organs to be bought and sold in the United States? What are the potential concerns?

Standing in the Shoes/Changing your Perspective (Role Play) & Mock Ethics Committee A. Discuss role and response in same identity group • What ethical issue does the person in that role identify in the situation? • What does the person in that role do in the video? • What ought they to have done? What would each group/each person do if they were in that role? • What strategies could this person employ to help alleviate his / her own moral distress? What could they do to help moral distress among the team? • Agree on top three responses B. Participate in a mixed role discussion similar to a Mock Ethics Committee Meeting (each group sends a representative to a larger mixed role discussion and all others watch and listen to the discussion --“fishbowl”; can add the rule that representatives of the same role can tap in if they think they can add to the discussion)