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The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Journal of Personalized Medicine Review Personalized Medicine for Antibiotics: The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Vivian Garzón 1, Rosa-Helena Bustos 2 and Daniel G. Pinacho 2,* 1 PhD Biosciences Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] 2 Therapeutical Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +57-1-8615555 (ext. 23309) Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020 Abstract: Due to the high bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AB), it has become necessary to adjust the dose aimed at personalized medicine by means of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM is a fundamental tool for measuring the concentration of drugs that have a limited or highly toxic dose in different body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. Using different techniques that allow for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the drug, TDM can reduce the risks inherent in treatment. Among these techniques, nanotechnology focused on biosensors, which are relevant due to their versatility, sensitivity, specificity, and low cost. They provide results in real time, using an element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. This review describes recent advances in the quantification of AB using biosensors with a focus on TDM as a fundamental aspect of personalized medicine. Keywords: biosensors; therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), antibiotic; personalized medicine 1. Introduction The discovery of antibiotics (AB) ushered in a new era of progress in controlling bacterial infections in human health, agriculture, and livestock [1] However, the use of AB has been challenged due to the appearance of multi-resistant bacteria (MDR), which have increased significantly in recent years due to AB mismanagement and have become a global public health problem [2]. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0163484 A1 Heep Et Al
US 200901 63484A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0163484 A1 Heep et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 25, 2009 (54) PHARMACEUTICALS CONTAINING (30) Foreign Application Priority Data FLUOROQUINOLONES (75) Inventors: Iris Heep, Köln (DE); Kristine Mar. 8, 2006 (DE) ......................... 102O06O10642.3 Rigi,R. Dormagen Publication Classification (DE); Markus Edingloh, (51) Int. Cl. Leverkusen (DE) A 6LX 3/5.395 (2006.01) Correspondence Address: A63/496 (2006.01) BSER HEALTHCARE LLC A 6LX 3L/24709 (2006.01) P.O.BOX390 A6II 47/20 (2006.01) SHAWNEE MISSION, KS 66201 (US) A6IP3L/04 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: BAYER ANIMAL, HEALTH (52) U.S. Cl. ................. 514/229.2: 514/253.08: 514/300; GMBH, LEVERKUSEN (DE) 514/769; 514/772 (21) Appl. No.: 12/280,996 (57) ABSTRACT (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 23, 2007 The invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations in liq uid form, containing fluoroquinolones and antioxidative Sul (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2007/001568 phur compounds. The formulations are particularly Suitable S371 (c)(1), for parenteral uses and are distinguished, interalia, by good (2), (4) Date: Oct. 31, 2008 tolerance. US 2009/0163484 A1 Jun. 25, 2009 PHARMACEUTICALS CONTAINING reconstitution, or must be discarded directly as the result of FLUOROQUINOLONES the possibility of particle formation. Accordingly, a ready-to use solution is advantageous as solution for injection. 0006. It is furthermore necessary that a suitable amount of the fluoroquinolone enters the serum after the administration, 0001. The invention relates to pharmaceutical formula as this is also described in WO99/29322. Again, this is not a tions in liquid form comprising fluoroquinolones and antioxi matter of course with injectable fluoroquinolone formula dant Sulphur compounds. -
NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. 18. Resistance Among Salmonella Serotypes for Isolates from Cattle*
NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. 18. Resistance Among Salmonella Serotypes for Isolates from Cattle* S. typhimurium (n=332)** S. montevideo (n=330) Amikacin 0.00% Amikacin 0.00% Amox-Clav 14.46% Amox-Clav 0.61% Ampicillin 66.87% Ampicillin 0.61% Apramycin 1.20% Apramycin 0.00% Cefoxitin 10.54% Cefoxitin 0.61% Ceftiofur 12.65% Ceftiofur 0.61% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Cephalothin 13.25% Cephalothin 0.61% Chloramphenicol 39.46% Chloramphenicol 0.91% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Gentamicin 3.31% Gentamicin 0.30% Kanamycin 38.86% Kanamycin 0.00% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Streptomycin 66.57% Streptomycin 1.52% Sulfamethoxazole 66.87% Sulfamethoxazole 1.21% Tetracycline 66.57% Tetracycline 2.12% Trimeth-Sulfa 5.42% Trimeth-Sulfa 0.30% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% **including copenhagen S. anatum (n=292) S. newport (n=185) Amikacin 0.00% Amikacin 0.00% Amox-Clav 1.71% Amox-Clav 80.00% Ampicillin 2.40% Ampicillin 80.54% Apramycin 0.00% Apramycin 0.00% Cefoxitin 1.37% Cefoxitin 77.84% Ceftiofur 1.37% Ceftiofur 80.00% Ceftriaxone 0.00% Ceftriaxone 2.16% Cephalothin 2.05% Cephalothin 77.84% Chloramphenicol 1.71% Chloramphenicol 81.62% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Ciprofloxacin 0.00% Gentamicin 0.68% Gentamicin 7.57% Kanamycin 1.71% Kanamycin 7.57% Nalidixic Acid 0.34% Nalidixic Acid 0.00% Streptomycin 2.05% Streptomycin 82.70% Sulfamethoxazole 2.05% Sulfamethoxazole 74.05% Tetracycline 35.96% Tetracycline 83.24% Trimeth-Sulfa 0.34% Trimeth-Sulfa 25.41% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% *all sources NARMS – EB 2000 Veterinary Isolates Fig. -
A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre
A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre To cite this version: Tessa Trouchon, Sebastien Lefebvre. A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 6 (2), pp.40-58. 10.4236/ojvm.2016.62006. hal-01503397 HAL Id: hal-01503397 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01503397 Submitted on 7 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 6, 40-58 Published Online February 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojvm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2016.62006 A Review of Enrofloxacin for Veterinary Use Tessa Trouchon, Sébastien Lefebvre USC 1233 INRA-Vetagro Sup, Veterinary School of Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France Received 12 January 2016; accepted 21 February 2016; published 26 February 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract This review outlines the current knowledge on the use of enrofloxacin in veterinary medicine from biochemical mechanisms to the use in the field conditions and even resistance and ecotoxic- ity. -
Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Soils: Presence, Fate and Environmental Risks
processes Review Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Soils: Presence, Fate and Environmental Risks Manuel Conde-Cid 1, Avelino Núñez-Delgado 2 , María José Fernández-Sanjurjo 2 , Esperanza Álvarez-Rodríguez 2, David Fernández-Calviño 1,* and Manuel Arias-Estévez 1 1 Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty Sciences, University Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; [email protected] (M.C.-C.); [email protected] (M.A.-E.) 2 Department Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] (A.N.-D.); [email protected] (M.J.F.-S.); [email protected] (E.Á.-R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020; Published: 17 November 2020 Abstract: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used worldwide to treat and prevent infectious diseases, as well as (in countries where allowed) to promote growth and improve feeding efficiency of food-producing animals in livestock activities. Among the different antibiotic classes, tetracyclines and sulfonamides are two of the most used for veterinary proposals. Due to the fact that these compounds are poorly absorbed in the gut of animals, a significant proportion (up to ~90%) of them are excreted unchanged, thus reaching the environment mainly through the application of manures and slurries as fertilizers in agricultural fields. Once in the soil, antibiotics are subjected to a series of physicochemical and biological processes, which depend both on the antibiotic nature and soil characteristics. Adsorption/desorption to soil particles and degradation are the main processes that will affect the persistence, bioavailability, and environmental fate of these pollutants, thus determining their potential impacts and risks on human and ecological health. -
Antibiotic Therapy of Cholera in Children,*
Bull. Org. mond. Santo 1967, 37, 529-538 Bull. Wld filth Org. Antibiotic Therapy of Cholera in Children,* JOHN LINDENBAUM,1 WILLIAM B. GREENOUGH 2 & M. R. ISLAM In a controlled trial of the effects of oral antibiotics in treating cholera in children in Dacca, East Pakistan, tetracycline was the most effective of 4 antibiotics tested in reducing stool volume, intravenous fluid requirement, and the duration of diarrhoea and positive stool culture. Increasing the duration of tetracycline therapy from 2 to 4 days, or increasing the total dose administered, resulted in shorter duration ofpositive culture, but did not affect stool volume or duration ofdiarrhoea. Only I % of the children receiving tetracycline had diarrhoea for more than 4 days. Tetracycline was significantly more effective than intravenous fluid therapy alone, regardless of severity of disease. Chloramphenicol, while also effective, was inferior to tetracycline. Streptomycin and paromomycin exerted little or no effect on the course of illness or duration of positive culture. Therapeutic failures with these drugs were not due to the development ofbacterial resistance. From these findings, tetracycline appears to be the drug of choice against Vibrio cholerae infection in children. Oral therapy for 48 hours is effective clinically, but is associated with 20% bacteriological relapses when the drug is discontinued; it is not known whether extending the therapy for a week or more would eliminate such relapses. In recent years several groups have conducted replacement was compared with treatment with clinical trials of antibiotic therapy in adult patients intravenous fluids only. with cholera (Greenough et al., 1964; Carpenter et al., 1966; Uylangco et al., 1965, 1966; Kobari, METHODS AND MATERIALS 1965; Lindenbaum et al., 1967). -
Antimicrobial Resistance in Companion Animal Pathogens in Australia and Assessment of Pradofloxacin on the Gut Microbiota
Antimicrobial resistance in companion animal pathogens in Australia and assessment of pradofloxacin on the gut microbiota Sugiyono Saputra A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide February 2018 Table of Contents Thesis Declaration ...................................................................................................................... iii Dedication ................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................................... v Preamble .................................................................................................................................... vi List of Publications ..................................................................................................................... vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................ix Chapter 1 General Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Antimicrobials and their consequences ............................................................................ 2 1.2. The emergence and monitoring AMR................................................................................ 2 -
A Sensitive Method for Direct Analysis of Impurities in Apramycin and Other Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Using Charged Aerosol
- SO4 A Sensitive Method for Direct Analysis of Impurities in Apramycin and Other Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Using Charged Aerosol Detection Zhen Long1, Qi Zhang2, Yan Jin1, Lina Liang1, Bruce Bailey2, Ian Acworth2, Deepali Mohindra3 1 2 3 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, China, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Chelmsford, MA, USA and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Sunnyvale, CA, USA Comparison of CAD and ELSD Detection Analysis of Other Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Overview Results Purpose: To develop a sensitive non-derivatization method for impurity assessment of Sample pre-treatment with SPE This method has also been applied to impurity analysis of an additional eleven apramycin sulfate and other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Sample pre-treatment with SPE SPE Column: Dionex OnGuard II A CAD and ELSD are both nebulization-based universal detection technologies. aminoglycoside antibiotics, including neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, Comparison between CAD and ELSD under the same chromatographic conditions tobramycin, amikacin, etimicin, netilmicin, sisomicin, ribostamycin and paromomycin. Methods: A 30min gradient method using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography Sample solvent: 80% 5mM ammonium formate, 20% acetonitrile Sulfate is a major interference for apramycin impurity assessment with a HILIC method. demonstrated that CAD is much more sensitive than ELSD. As shown in the Figure 5 shows impurity analysis of kenamycin, etimicin, ribostamycin and paromomycin with charged aerosol detection (HILIC-CAD) was developed for direct analysis of Sample: 220.6 mg/mL in 2 mL sample solvent Without sample cleanup, some early eluting impurities were found to be masked under chromatograms in Figure 4 and data summarized in Table 1, 16 impurities (S/N >3) were using the HILIC-CAD method. -
We Have Reported That the Antibiotics Chloramphenicol, Lincomycin
THE BIOGENESIS OF MITOCHONDRIA, V. CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE OF ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE* BY ANTHONY W. LINNANE, G. W. SAUNDERS, ELLIOT B. GINGOLD, AND H. B. LUKINS BIOCHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT, MONASH UNIVERSITY, CLAYTON, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA Communicated by David E. Green, December 26, 1967 The recognition and study of respiratory-deficient mutants of yeast has been of fundamental importance in contributing to our knowledge of the genetic control of the formation of mitochondria. From these studies it has been recognized that cytoplasmic genetic determinants as well as chromosomal genes are involved in the biogenesis of yeast mitochondria.1' 2 Following the recog- nition of the occurrence of mitochondrial DNA,3 4 attention has recently been focused on the relationship between mitochondrial DNA and the cytoplasmic determinant.' However, the information on this latter subject is limited and is derived from the study of a single class of mutant of this determinant, the re- spiratory-deficient cytoplasmic petite. This irreversible mutation is pheno- typically characterized by the inability of the cell to form a number of compo- nents of the respiratory system, including cytochromes a, a3, b, and c1.6 A clearer understanding of the role of cytoplasmic determinants in mitochondrial bio- genesis, could result from the characterization of new types of cytoplasmic mutations which do not result in such extensive biochemical changes. This would thus simplify the biochemical analyses as well as providing additional cytoplasmic markers to assist further genetic studies. We have reported that the antibiotics chloramphenicol, lincomycin, and the macrolides erythromycin, carbomycin, spiramycin, and oleandomycin selec- tively inhibit in vitro amino acid incorporation by yeast mitochondria, while not affecting the yeast cytoplasmic ribosomal system.7' 8 Further, these antibiotics do not affect the growth of S. -
Multi-Residual Quantitative Analytical Method for Antibiotics in Sea Food by LC/MS/MS
PO-CON1742E Multi-residual quantitative analytical method for antibiotics in sea food by LC/MS/MS ASMS 2017 TP 198 Anant Lohar, Shailendra Rane, Ashutosh Shelar, Shailesh Damale, Rashi Kochhar, Purushottam Sutar, Deepti Bhandarkar, Ajit Datar, Pratap Rasam and Jitendra Kelkar Shimadzu Analytical (India) Pvt. Ltd., 1 A/B, Rushabh Chambers, Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400059, Maharashtra, India. Multi-residual quantitative analytical method for antibiotics in sea food by LC/MS/MS Introduction Antibiotics are widely used in agriculture as growth LC/MS/MS method has been developed for quantitation of enhancers, disease treatment and control in animal feeding multi-residual antibiotics (Table 1) from sea food sample operations. Concerns for increased antibiotic resistance of using LCMS-8040, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer microorganisms have prompted research into the from Shimadzu Corporation, Japan. Simultaneous analysis environmental occurrence of these compounds. of multi-residual antibiotics often exhibit peak shape Assessment of the environmental occurrence of antibiotics distortion owing to their different chemical nature. To depends on development of sensitive and selective overcome this, autosampler pre-treatment feature was analytical methods based on new instrumental used [1]. technologies. Table 1. List of antibiotics Sr.No. Name of group Name of compound Number of compounds Flumequine, Oxolinic Acid, Ciprofloxacin, Danofloxacin, Difloxacin.HCl, 1 Fluoroquinolones 8 Enrofloxacin, Sarafloxacin HCl Trihydrate, -
P147-Bioorgchem-Kanamycin Nucleotidyltransferase-1999.Pdf
Bioorganic Chemistry 27, 395±408 (1999) Article ID bioo.1999.1144, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Kinetic Mechanism of Kanamycin Nucleotidyltransferase from Staphylococcus aureus1 Misty Chen-Goodspeed,* Janeen L. Vanhooke,² Hazel M. Holden,² and Frank M. Raushel*,2 *Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843; and ²Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705 Received December 16, 1998 Kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KNTase) catalyzes the transfer of the adenyl group from MgATP to either the 4Ј or 4Љ-hydroxyl group of aminoglycoside antibiotics. The steady state kinetic parameters of the enzymatic reaction have been measured by initial velocity, product, and dead-end inhibition techniques. The kinetic mechanism is ordered where the antibiotic binds prior to MgATP and the modified antibiotic is the last product to be released. The effects of altering the relative solvent viscosity are consistent with the release of the products as the rate-limiting step. The pH profiles for Vmax and V/KATP show that a single ionizable group with apK of ϳ8.9 must be protonated for catalysis. The V/K profile for kanamycin as a function of pH is bell-shaped and indicates that one group must be protonated with a pK value of 8.5, while another group must be unprotonated with a pK value of 6.6. An analysis of the kinetic constants for 10 different aminoglycoside antibiotics and 5 nucleotide triphosphates indicates very little difference in the rate of catalysis or substrate binding among these substrates. ᭧ 1999 Academic Press Key Words: kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase; antibiotic modification. -
High Level Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus Species from Farm Animals and Commercial Meat Products
Ann Microbiol (2016) 66:101–110 DOI 10.1007/s13213-015-1086-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE High level aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus, Pediococcus and Lactobacillus species from farm animals and commercial meat products George Jaimee1 & Prakash M. Halami1 Received: 10 September 2014 /Accepted: 8 April 2015 /Published online: 2 May 2015 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and the University of Milan 2015 Abstract Inappropriate use of aminoglycosides in animal I40a suggesting its involvement in antibiotic resistant gene husbandry has led to the selection and emergence of high- transfer. Besides, strains of L. plantarum, a species used as level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in lactic acid bacte- probiotic, isolated in this study showed the occurrence of ria (LAB). The objective of this study was to assess the pres- aph(3′)IIIa as well as aac (6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia genes that could ence of aminoglycoside resistant LAB in farm animals and be of concern in human health. The findings of the study meat products. Gentamicin resistant LAB (n=138) were se- highlight the spread and emergence of multi-resistance genes lectively isolated from 50 different meat and farm animal for aminoglycoside antibiotics among beneficial LAB. sources. These native isolates of LAB were subsequently characterized for their minimum inhibitory concentration to Keywords Lactic acid bacteria . Minimum inhibitory seven different aminoglycoside antibiotics. HLAR to genta- concentration . Aminoglycoside . Random amplified micin, kanamycin and streptomycin was found to be 38 %, polymorphic DNA . Integrase 45 % and 15 %, respectively. Selected cultures of LAB were identified by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Subsequent Introduction detection for the presence of nine aminoglycoside modifying genes [aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia, aph(3′)IIIa, aad6, ant(6)Ia, The spread of resistance to antibiotics among bacteria is ant(9)Ia, ant(9)Ib, aph(2″)Ib, aph(2″)Ic and aph(2″)Id] was alarming.