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(Really)Creative A Printer DesigningDesigning The Next for Bionic Greener Silicon Body Parts Buildings Valley Demo p104 Reviews p94 Business Report p84 VOL. NO. | SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER | . US (REALLY)CREATIVE Ben Milne wants to demolish the credit card DESTRUCTION industry and transform how we’ll pay for everything. Meet him and 34 other world-changing innovators under the age of 35. SO13_cover.indd 1 8/7/13 12:34 PM We didn’t reinvent the wheel, just the way they steer. ACURA_TR1013.indd 2 7/30/13 4:35 PM MU18725_ACN1-13-03981-043_RLX_Steer_15.75_10.5.indd 1 For Proofreading: RLX with Technology Package shown. Learn more at acura.com or by calling 1-800-To-Acura. ©2013 Acura. Acura, RLX and Precision All-Wheel Steer are trademarks of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. INTRODUCING THE RLX WITH PRECISION ALLWHEEL STEER.™ Designed to give the driver unprecedented control, the Precision All-Wheel Steer system aboard the RLX allows each rear wheel to independently adjust its angle through turns. It’s the most advanced steering system we’ve ever built, not to mention an industry first. It’s luxury, taken to a whole new level. The new Acura RLX. Handsomely equipped at $54,450. Excludes $895 destination, tax, title, license and registration. T:10.5” RLX with Technology Package shown. Learn more at acura.com or by calling 1-800-To-Acura. ©2013 Acura. Acura, RLX and Precision All-Wheel Steer are trademarks of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. ACURA_TR1013.indd 3 7/30/13 4:35 PM 7/23/13 6:16 PM For Proofreading: RLX with Technology Package shown. Learn more at acura.com or by calling 1-800-To-Acura. ©2013 Acura. Acura, RLX and Precision All-Wheel Steer are trademarks of Honda Motor Co., Ltd. MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. |NO. TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM From the Editor diagnostic tests in the poor world. At Har- not limited to the replacement for the vard, he runs one of the world’s most pro- incandescent lightbulb. He also cre- ductive chemistry and materials science ated the electronic element of the light labs, whose objective is “to fundamentally dimmer switch and the laser diode, change the paradigms of science.” which is used in DVD players and cell The electrical engineer Carver phones. Holonyak, 84, is still a full-time Mead, 79, has been responsible for an researcher at the University of Illinois, implausibly long list of innovations in where he works on quantum-dot lasers, microelectronics, including the first soft- which could be used for a variety of ware compilation of a silicon chip. Half- novel display and medical technologies. way through his career, he switched his The nanotechnologist Mildred research to how animal brains compute, Dresselhaus, 82, was the author of 39 and established the field of neural net- papers in 2012 and most days is in her works. After cofounding more than 20 o¦ce at MIT by 6:30 a.m. Her research companies, he is only notionally retired; involves the physics and properties of today, he is thinking about better ways carbon nanomaterials, including nano- to teach freshman physics at Caltech, tubes and graphene. Among her many where he has worked for more than 40 accomplishments, Dresselhaus was the Seven years, by means of a “reconceptualiza- first scientist to exploit the thermoelec- tion of electrodynamics and gravitation.” tric e§ect at the nanoscale, which could over 70 Barbara Liskov has been awarded allow for devices that harvest energy For over a decade, we’ve celebrated inno- both the Turing Award for her work on from temperature di§erences in materi- vators under the age of 35. We choose to the programming languages and meth- als that conduct electricity. write about the young because we want odology that led to object-oriented pro- Stewart Brand’s contributions to to introduce you to the most promis- gramming and the John von Neumann technology have been as an intellectual ing new technologists, researchers, and Medal for her contributions to program- and founder of organizations, rather entrepreneurs. But I often hear: You ming and distributed computing. At 73, than as an inventor. But Stewart (who is really think older people can’t innovate? she leads MIT’s Programming Method- a friend) has been tremendously influen- Of course they can. We meet extraor- ology Group, which is exploring how to tial: he was the publisher of The Whole dinary older innovators all the time, who build distributed and fault- tolerant sys- Earth Catalog; cofounded the first elec- after a lifetime of creativity are still solv- tems that continue to work even when tronic community, the WELL; and is ing big problems, generating wealth, some of their components don’t. today the president of the Long Now or expanding our conception of what it The physician and biologist Leroy Foundation, which promotes “slower/ means to be human. Below, in reverse Hood helped create the fields of genom- better thinking.” At 74, he is working on alphabetical order, are seven innovators ics and proteomics by inventing the the revival of extinct species. over the age of 70, chosen arbitrarily, protein sequencer, the protein synthe- I’ll conclude this list with an extra because I am attracted to their lives, sizer, the DNA synthesizer, and, most name, from my own profession. Now work, and character, and not according important of all, the automated DNA 83, Robert Silvers has edited the New to the formal nomination and judging sequencer. He later founded the Insti- York Review of Books for more than 40 process that selected the 35 Innovators tute of Systems Biology in Seattle and, years. His is my favorite publication, Under 35 (see page 26). at 74, is still its president; the institute because it is reliably surprising, delight- George Whitesides, 74, is a seeks to understand diseases by con- ful, witty, and humane. When asked why cofounder of more than 12 compa- sidering human biology holistically as a he doesn’t retire, Silvers once joked, “I nies (including Genzyme) whose com- “network of networks.” don’t have a very full sense of time.” He bined value is more than $20 billion, Nick Holonyak invented the first then more seriously added that work and is named on more than 50 patents. practical light-emitting diode in 1962 was an extraordinary opportunity, and Amongst his inventions are cheap paper when he was a researcher at Gen- that “you’d be crazy not to try to make microfluidic chips, which can be used for eral Electric, but his innovations are the most of it.” VITTI GUIDO SO13_editor.indd 2 8/8/13 2:15 PM We create chemistry that makes “wow” love “why” Do you know kids’ most popular reaction to chemistry? It’s “Wow!” One simple word with great scientifi c experience behind it. We’ve heard it many times, in more than 30 countries, at BASF Kids’ Lab. For one day, kids become scientists. They experiment in a playful manner and learn why and how the world’s marvels work. Because we believe that one day these kids will wow us in return. When science can be seen as a foundation of wonder, it’s because at BASF, we create chemistry. www.wecreatechemistry.com Untitled-2.indd 1 7/30/13 3:19 PM MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. |NO. TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM Contents Front SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER Back 2 From the Editor BUSINESS REPORT 8 Feedback 35 84 The Next Silicon Valley Want your region to be the VIEWS next innovation hub? Of 10 Soaring Surveillance Innovators course you do here’s how. The only thing stopping even more snooping is a lack of REVIEWS technology to do it. Under 35 94 Forms That Function Better 12 Climate Diplomacy Enough with the flights of The U.S. blew its chance to fancy. Let’s put architecture lead. Time to try again. software to real use. By Allison Arie 12 Corporate Genetics The Supreme Court has 98 Romancing the Phone banned gene patents. Some Has technology changed the companies say: so what? fundamental nature of love? By C.J. Pascoe UPFRONT 101 The Paradox of Wearable 15 The Immortal Life of the Technologies Enron E-mails Access to lots of data sounds The company is long gone, but nice. The reality is far messier. its e-mails remain remarkably By Don Norman useful to researchers. 17 The EV Is Here to Stay DEMO Electric cars have been called 104 Cyborg Parts the “next big thing” before. This How to make a bionic ear. time the label might stick. By Susan Young 18 Zeroing In on Cancer A new “liquid” biopsy can YEARS AGO detect cancer in the blood. 108 Who’s Listening In? 20 Bitcoin Millionaires Even in 1980, surveillance Those who got in early are seemed scary and pervasive. enjoying life as Bitcoin royalty. 22 The Avatar Will See You Your next health practitioner may be a computer. 23 Pollution Crackdown ....................................................................... 26 An overlooked culprit in global Introduction p warming: diesel soot. Inventors .............................................................................. p 28 24 The Promise of 3-D Printing Entrepreneurs .................................................................... p Never mind cute trinkets—the Visionaries ...........................................................................p 52 real future is in electronics. ON THE COVER: Humanitarians ....................................................................p 62 Photo by Ryan Donnell for Plus: To Market Pioneers ................................................................................p 72 MIT Technology Review SO13_TOC.indd 4 8/7/13 11:39 AM Infi nite Designs, One Platform with the only complete system design environment NI LabVIEW is the only comprehensive development environment with the LabVIEW system design unprecedented hardware integration and wide-ranging compatibility you need to meet software offers unrivaled any measurement and control application challenge. And LabVIEW is at the heart of hardware integration and the graphical system design approach, which uses an open platform of productive helps you program the way you think–graphically.
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