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El Bahnasa, Egipte) L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc (El Bahnasa, Egipte) Estudi arqueològic i dels rituals del culte a Osiris entre els segles VII aC i II dC Maite Mascort Roca ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc (El Bahnasa, Egipte) Estudi arqueològic i dels rituals del culte a Osiris entre els segles VII aC i II dC Volum I Text, bibliografia i relació de figures MAITE MASCORT ROCA Director: Dr. Josep Padró Parcerisa Tutora: Dra. Gisela Ripoll Barcelona, abril 2016 L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc (El Bahnasa, Egipte). Estudi arqueològic i dels rituals del culte a Osiris entre els segles VII aC. i II dC. Volum I. Text, bibliografia i relació de figures MAITE MASCORT ROCA Director: Dr. Josep Padró Parcerisa Tutora: Dra. Gisela Ripoll Programa de Doctorat ‘Societat i Cultura’ Especialització en Arqueologia Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia Facultat de Geografia i Història Barcelona, abril 2016 L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc (El Bahnasa, Egipte). Estudi arqueològic i dels rituals del culte a Osiris entre els segles VII aC. i II dC. Volum I. Text, bibliografia i relació de figures MAITE MASCORT ROCA L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc © Imatges i text Tots els drets estan reservats. Llicència sota Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND - Reconeixement – NoComercial – SenseObraDerivada 3.0 (No es permet un ús comercial de l’obra original ni la generació d’obres derivades). La quasi totalitat de les imatges presentades són propietat de la Missió Arqueològica d’Oxirrinc i de particulars que ens han donat permís per incloure-les en aquest treball. El 3D ha estat realitzat per Sintesi 3D sota les indicacions de l’autora. Els drets de © estan reservats. La reproducció del text i de les imatges està subjecte a l’autorització expressa de l’autor. L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc Als absents estimats, que segueixen estant en mi L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc SUMARI Volum I Agraïments 7 Capítol 1 - Introducció General 11 1.1. Justificació i objectius del treball 12 1.2. Metodologia aplicada a l’estudi proposat 14 Capítol 2 - Oxirrinc. Importància geogràfica i històrica 19 2.1. El culte a la deessa Tueris a Oxirrinc 22 2.2. El peix oxirrimc a la Necròpolis Alta 31 2.3. Oxirrinc a l’època hel·lenística i romana 41 Capítol 3 - Notícies i intervencions arqueològiques 45 Capítol 4 - Els cultes i rituals associats a l’Osiris del Per-khef 71 4.1 El culte del déu Osiris a partir de la Baixa Època 71 4.2. El déu Osiris a Per-medjed 80 4.3. El temple Per-khef 84 4.4. Els Misteris d’Osiris durant el mes de Khoiak 97 4.5. El mite de la Llunyana relacionat amb l’arribada de la inundació 128 Capítol 5 - L’Osireion d’Oxirrinc 133 5.1. El tèmenos 135 5.1.1. L’excavació del tèmenos 139 5.2. Els vestigis de la superestructura 142 5.3. Les entrades auxiliars d’accés a la catacumba 162 5.4. La catacumba. La infraestructura del temple-necròpolis 164 5.4.1. Les sales d’entrada (2C i 2D) 165 5.4.2. La sala 1B de l’Osiris 171 5.4.3. La galeria 1A 180 5.4.3.1. Les inscripcions dels nínxols de la galeria 1A 193 5.4.4. La galeria 2E 198 5.5. El material arqueològic recuperat 205 Capítol 6 - Els altres Osireia 317 6.1. L’Osireion d’Abidos 317 6.2. L’Osireion de Karnak 321 6.3. El possible Osireion del Serapeu d’Alexandria 326 6.4. Altres 326 Capítol 7 - Conclusions 329 Capítol 8 - Bibliografia 347 8.1. Abreviacions de revistes i col·leccions 347 8.2. Bibliografia 352 Relació de figures 413 Volum II Annex 1 - Relació d’unitats estratigràfiques 433 Annex 2 - Relació de peces incloses en el registre d’Antiguitats 447 Annex 3 - Inventari del material arqueològic que no ha estat registrat com antiguitat 455 Annex 4 - Fitxes del material arqueològic recuperat 479 Annex 5 - Planimetria: 1191 Plànol 1 Plànol 2 Annex 6 - Restitució en 3D (DVD) contraportada Agraïments Aquest treball ha estat possible gràcies a la col·laboraciñ i l‟ajut prestat per moltes persones i institucions, a qui desitjo expressar el més sincer dels agraïments: En primer lloc, vull agrair molt especialment al Dr. Josep Padró i Parcerisa la confiança que ha dipositat en mi en diverses ocasions: en l‟elegir-me com a membre de la Missió Arqueològica a Oxirrinc, des dels inicis, l‟any 1992; en confiar-me l‟excavaciñ de l‟Osireion i en proposar- me la realitzaciñ d‟aquest tema com a treball d‟investigaciñ del màster d‟Arqueologia i com a tema de la tesi doctoral. Finalment, per haver acceptat ser el director d‟aquesta tesi doctoral. Les seves aportacions, el seu ajut i confiança han estat fonamentals. No puc oblidar a tot l‟equip que forma part de la Missiñ Arqueològica a Oxirrinc, i especialment a tots els que han participat en els treballs de l‟Osireion, però, en particular, vull ressaltar l‟ajut de la Dra. Marguerite Erroux-Morfin, per les seves enriquidores discussions a peu d‟excavaciñ i en les llargues converses, després, a la casa de la missió, sense oblidar la seva innegable ajuda al facilitar-me l‟accés a la Bibliothèque d‟Égyptologie de l‟Institut d‟Égyptologie de la Université Paul-Valéry/ Montpellier III. Igualment voldria agrair a la Bibliothèque de l‟Institut Français d‟Archéologie Orintale du Caire (IFAO) la possibilitat de deixar-me consultar el seu magnífic fons bibliogràfic. També vull agrair a la Societat Catalana d‟Egiptologia que m‟obrìs les portes de la seva biblioteca especialitzada en egiptologia i donar-me totes les facilitats de consulta. Vull deixar constància del suport, comentaris i suggeriments de la Dra. Bibiana Agustí, de la Dra. Núria Castellano, de la Dra. Esther Pons, a la Dra. Núria Rodriguez, i del Sr. José Javier Martínez. 7 L‟Osireion d‟Oxirrinc A la senyora Dolors Codina per la seva ajuda incondicional. Al senyor J. Miquel Ripollès, de Síntesi 3D, per haver sabut captar totes les indicacions per a la realitzaciñ d‟aquest vídeo 3D. També vull fer palesa la meva gratitut al senyor Francesc Cecilia, al senyor Antoni Martín, a la senyora Karin Harzbecher, a la senyora Anna Cisneros, a la senyora Tània Muñoz, a la senyora Lluïsa Pallejà, al senyor Pau Mascort, al senyor Bernat Burgaya, restaurador, i als senyors Antoni López i Lluís Sant i Ricard Hernández, topògrafs. El meu agraïment al Dr. Hassan I. Amer, professor de la Facultat d‟Arqueologia de la Universitat del Caire i membre de la Missiñ Arqueològica d‟Oxirrinc, per la seva col·laboraciñ. Al Doctor Jean-Claude Goyon, professor emèrit de la Université Lumière de Lió 2, per les seva ajuda i aportacions en les traduccions del textos demòtics inscrits en l‟aixovar de l‟Osireion. Als Drs. Laurent Coulon i François Leclère per haver-me donat totes les facilitats de consulta dels materials localitzats a l‟Osreion de Karnak, molts d‟ells encara inèdits.
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