Mt Aspiring Station-Conservation Resources Report
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Thymelaeaceae)
Origin and diversification of the Australasian genera Pimelea and Thecanthes (Thymelaeaceae) by MOLEBOHENG CYNTHIA MOTS! Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Dr Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisors: Dr Barbara L. Rye Dr Vincent Savolainen JUNE 2009 AFFIDAVIT: MASTER'S AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi Full Name(s) and Surname ID Number 7808020422084 Student number 920108362 enrolled for the Qualification PhD Faculty _Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the thesis (minor dissertation/dissertation/thesis) is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the UJ to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever request such a certificate from the institution. Signed at _Johannesburg on this 31 of _July 2009 Signature Print name Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi STAMP COMMISSIONER OF OATHS Affidavit certified by a Commissioner of Oaths This affidavit cordons with the requirements of the JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND COMMISSIONERS OF OATHS ACT 16 OF 1963 and the applicable Regulations published in the GG GNR 1258 of 21 July 1972; GN 903 of 10 July 1998; GN 109 of 2 February 2001 as amended. -
Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species. -
New Zealand's Wild West Coast
New Zealand's Wild West Coast 11 Days New Zealand's Wild West Coast With its glorious fjords, glaciers, mountains, lakes, and rivers, the rugged West Coast of New Zealand's South Island is an active traveler's dream. Hike at Franz Josef Glacier, take the famous Queen Charlotte Track, go white-water rafting in Buller Gorge, and picnic below the dramatic Rob Roy Glacier. Fly over the spectacularly remote New Zealand World Heritage Area (Te Wahipounamu) in a helicopter and return by jetboat. Along the way, enjoy exclusive lodges and out-of-the-way hamlets, taste world-class sauvignon blanc and pinot noir, and encounter rare Fiordland crested penguins. Details Testimonials Arrive: Blenheim, New Zealand "My first experience with MT Sobek was a trip to New Zealand. Everything about it met or Depart: Queenstown, New Zealand exceeded my expectations. The guides, the dining, the accommodations, the activities were all top Duration: 11 Days notch and I would recommend MT Sobek without hesitation!" Group Size: 4-15 Guests Ann Z. Minimum Age: 14 Years Old "Our adventure through the wild west coast of Activity Level: New Zealand was a trip of a lifetime. Our guides were phenomenal. The places we hiked, kayaked, . jet boated, rafted, and helicoptered into were spectacular." Sandra D. REASON #01 REASON #02 REASON #03 MT Sobek has been exploring the Our classic New Zealand trip is one of Our adventure combines the Pacific for over 20 years, working our most popular itineraries thanks to romance of New Zealand's with the best local guides for an its perfect blend of active adventure famous wine country, with the immersive and fun experiences. -
Patterns of Flammability Across the Vascular Plant Phylogeny, with Special Emphasis on the Genus Dracophyllum
Lincoln University Digital Thesis Copyright Statement The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). This thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: you will use the copy only for the purposes of research or private study you will recognise the author's right to be identified as the author of the thesis and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate you will obtain the author's permission before publishing any material from the thesis. Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy at Lincoln University by Xinglei Cui Lincoln University 2020 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of philosophy. Abstract Patterns of flammability across the vascular plant phylogeny, with special emphasis on the genus Dracophyllum by Xinglei Cui Fire has been part of the environment for the entire history of terrestrial plants and is a common disturbance agent in many ecosystems across the world. Fire has a significant role in influencing the structure, pattern and function of many ecosystems. Plant flammability, which is the ability of a plant to burn and sustain a flame, is an important driver of fire in terrestrial ecosystems and thus has a fundamental role in ecosystem dynamics and species evolution. However, the factors that have influenced the evolution of flammability remain unclear. -
Matukituki Valley Tracks Brochure
OTAGO The valleys of the west and east branches of the Mount Aspiring National Park Your safety Matukituki River are an hour’s drive from Wanaka Read the DOC publication Planning a trip in the backcountry Further information: In the West Matukituki valley, the park’s Matukituki and offer enjoyable day walks, as well as access to before you start, visit www.doc.govt.nz/planning-a- For recreation and conservation Nau mai, haere mai, boundary runs just beyond Aspiring Hut and a number of demanding tramping and climbing backcountry-trip. Make sure you choose a track that suits information, visit the DOC visitor valley tracks routes in Mount Aspiring National Park. The along the bush edge on the true left of the river. your level of fitness and experience. centre: tauti mai In the East Matukituki valley, the boundary is Mount Aspiring National Park special features of this region were recognised Follow the Outdoor Safety Code. Tititea/Mount Aspiring nationally in 1964 through the creation of the along the bush edge on the true right of the river Plan your trip. National Park Visitor Centre Welcome to the up to Junction Flat. Remember that the true national park and internationally in 1990 with the Tell someone your plans. 1 Ballantyne Road, Wanaka right of the river is the right bank when Matukituki valley establishment of Te Wāhipounamu – South West Be aware of the weather. PO Box 93, Wanaka 9305 looking downstream. New Zealand World Heritage Area. Know your limits. PHONE: 03 443 7660 Take sufficient supplies. EMAIL: [email protected] The valley walks cross farmland and beech forest Warning: The last 33 km of the access road is Visit www.adventuresmart.org.nz for more information. -
Crown Pastoral-Tenure Review-Castle Dent-Conservation
Crown Pastoral Land Tenure Review Lease name : CASTLE DENT Lease number : PO 196 Conservation Resources Report - Part 1 As part of the process of Tenure Review, advice on significant inherent values within the pastoral lease is provided by Department of Conservation officials in the form of a Conservation Resources Report. This report is the result of outdoor survey and inspection. It is a key piece of information for the development of a preliminary consultation document. Note: Plans which form part of the Conservation Resources Report are published separately. These documents are all released under the Official information Act 1982. August 05 RELEASED UNDER THE OFFICIAL INFORMATION ACT DOC CONSERVATION RESOURCES REPORT ON TENURE REVIEW OF CASTLE DENT PASTORAL LEASE (P 196) UNDER PART 2 OF THE PASTORAL LAND ACT 1998 docDM-372019 Castle Dent CRR Final - Info.doc 1 RELEASED UNDER THE OFFICIAL INFORMATION ACT TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Ecological Setting ......................................................................................................................1 PART 2 2 INHERENT VALUES: DESCRIPTION OF CONSERVATION RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE ............................................................................................................................................. -
Rife What Seeds Are to the Earth
1'ou say you donJt 6efieve? Wfiat do you caffit when you sow a tiny seedandare convincedthat a pfant wiffgrow? - Elizabeth York- Contents Abstract . , .. vii Declaration .. ,,., , ,........... .. ix Acknowledgements ,, ,, , .. , x Publications from this Thesis ,, , ", .. ,., , xii Patents from this Thesis ,,,'' ,, .. ',. xii Conference Contributions ' xiii Related Publications .................................................... .. xiv List of Figures , xv List of Tables , ,,,. xviii List of Abbreviations ,,, ,, ,,, ,. xix 1 Introduction ,,,, 1 1.1 SMOKE AS A GERMINATION CUE .. ,,,, .. ,,,,, .. , .. , , . , 1 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES , '.. , , . 1 1.3 GENERAL OVERVIEW ,, " , .. , .. , 2 2 Literature Review ,",,,,", 4 2.1 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN SEED GERMINATION .. ,,,,.,,,,. ,4 2.1.1 Fire in mediterranean-type regions ', .. ,, , , 4 2,1.2 Post-fire regeneration. ,,,, .. , , . , , , , 5 2,1.3 Effects of fire on germination .,,, , , . 7 2,1,3.1 Physical effects of fire on germination .. ,," .. ,.,. 8 2.1,3.2 Chemical effects of fire on germination ., ,, .. ,., 11 2.2 GERMINATION RESPONSES TO SMOKE., , '" ., , 16 2.2.1 The discovery of smoke as a germination cue, ,,., .. , , .. ,, 16 2.2.2 Studies on South African species. ,.,, .. , ,,,,., 17 2.2,3 Studies on Australian species "",., ,"," ".,." 20 2.2.4 StUdies on species from other regions. , ,,.,, 22 2.2.5 Responses of vegetable seeds ., .. ' .. , ,', , , 23 2.2.6 Responses of weed species .. ,,,.,, 24 2.2.7 General comments and considerations ., .. ,,, .. , .. ,,, 25 2.2.7.1 Concentration effects .. ,", ,., 25 2.2.7.2 Experimental considerations ,,,,,,, 26 2.2,7.3 Physiological and environmental effects ,,, .. ,, 27 2.2.8 The interaction of smoke and heat, ,, ,,,,,,, 29 \ 2.3 SOURCES OF SMOKE ., , .. , .. ,, .. ,., .. ,, 35 2.3,1 Chemical components of smoke ,, .. " ,, 35 iii Contents 2.3.2 Methods of smoke treatments 36 2.3.2.1 Aerosol smoke and smoked media . -
Best Practice Management Guide 7 BEST PRACTICE MANAGEMENT GUIDE for ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS
best practice management guide 7 BEST PRACTICE MANAGEMENT GUIDE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL WEEDS ISSN 1442-7192 St Johns wort, Hypericum perforatum Taxonomy and status Description Botanical name: Hypericum perforatum L. - Habit/lifeform: St Johns wort is a perennial Family Clusiaceae (previously Guttiferae or herb with two growth stages - in autumn and Hypericaceae). winter as a flat low rosette, diameter 10-60 cm, with spindly non-flowering stems and a dense Standard common name: St Johns wort. mat of leaves, and in spring and summer as an Aculus hyperici mite, a biocontrol Relationship to other species in Australia: erect twiggy form which produces one or more agent. There are two indigenous native species of woody flowering or non-flowering stems, 30- Photo: CSIRO. Hypericum which may co-occur with St Johns wort 120 cm high. and with which it could be confused. Both Description: Mature plants have a central indigenous species may be distinguished by the woody crown. In late autumn, winter and absence of black gland dots on the petals and early spring, horizontal, pale green or reddish leaves, the presence of 4 longitudinal ridges on the stems with bright green, elongate leaves grow stem (young stems of St Johns wort are 2-ridged) from the crown to form a rosette. One to many and by the stamens not being fused into bundles. upright flowering stems are produced from this Hypericum gramineum, small St Johns wort, is an crown in spring. Clusters of bright yellow indigenous species usually smaller (10-430 cm flowers (1-2 cm in diameter, with 5 petals and high) than St Johns wort which can be black glands on the margins) develop in distinguished by its petals being less than 8 mm summer (Figure 1). -
Olearia Fragrantissima
Olearia fragrantissima COMMON NAME Fragrant tree daisy SYNONYMS None FAMILY Asteraceae AUTHORITY Olearia fragrantissima Petrie FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No Heyward Point, Dunedin. Photographer: John Barkla ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Trees & Shrubs - Dicotyledons NVS CODE OLEFRA CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 108 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: PD Olearia fragrantissima. Photographer: John Smith-Dodsworth PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Declining | Qualifiers: CD, PD 2004 | Sparse BRIEF DESCRIPTION Small bushy shrub with many erect reddish brown zig-zagging twigs and sweet smelling small flowers inhabiting coastal areas from Banks Peninsula to Invercargill. Leaves 7.5-30mm long by 5-10mm wide, pointed, hairy when young. Flowers yellow, in small tight clusters. Seeds fuzzy. DISTRIBUTION Endemic, eastern and south-eastern South Island from Banks Peninsula to Southland. HABITAT coastal to lower montane (0-300 m a.s.l.) usually in grey scrub, on forest margins or shrublands. Sometimes on the margins of estuarine or saltmarsh vegetation in places which would be subject to saline water in extremes of tide, also found on gravelly soils often on the margins of steep gullies, gorges and in boulder field. FEATURES Small semi-deciduous tree up to 8 m tall. Trunk stout, up to 0.6 m d.b.h., clad in greyish-brown bark, this long persistent peeling in long flaking strips. Branches dark reddish brown ascending to spreading; branchlets reddish- brown to red, rigidly wiry, flexuous (often zig-zagging), interlacing, striate. Petioles up to 3 mm long, red-brown. Leaves alternate, 7.5-40 x 5-15 mm, yellow-green to bright green, elliptic-oblong, elliptic-ovate or broad-ovate to obovate, apex obtuse to acute, base cuneate to attentuate; lamina membranous, upper surface glabrate to galbrous when mature, undersides clad in soft, white tomentum, margins flat, entire. -
REPORT on APPLES – Fruit Pathway and Alert List
EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ ..................................................................................................................................... -
Designing Wilderness As a Phenomenological Landscape: Design- Directed Research Within the Context of New Zealand’S Conservation Estate
DESIGNING WILDERNESS AS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE: DESIGN- DIRECTED RESEARCH WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF NEW ZEALAND’S CONSERVATION ESTATE. Mick Abbott A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, New Zealand, 2008. ABSTRACT of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Lincoln University, New Zealand, 2008 DESIGNING WILDERNESS AS A PHENOMENOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE: DESIGN-DIRECTED RESEARCH WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF NEW ZEALAND’S CONSERVATION ESTATE By Mick Abbott This research operates at both the meeting of wilderness and landscape, and also landscape architecture and design-directed research. It applies a phenomenological understanding of landscape to the New Zealand conservation estate as a means to reconsider wilderness’ prevalent framing as an untouched ‘other’. It does this through enlisting the designerly imperative found within landscape architecture as the means by which to direct this research, and through landscopic investigations located in the artefacts of cooking, haptic qualities of walking, cartographies of wilderness and a phenomenological diagramming of landscape experience. The results of this layered programme of research are four-fold. First, it finds that a landscopic interpretation of wilderness, and its tangible manifestation in New Zealand’s conservation estate, has the potential to suggest a greater depth of dialogue in which both ecological and cultural diversity might productively flourish. Second, it finds that landscape architecture has significant potential to broaden both its relevance and types of productive outputs beyond its current intent to shape specific sites. It identifies that artefacts and representations – such as cookers, track markers and maps – can be creatively manipulated to design alternative formulations of landscape. -
Spillover and Species Interactions Across Habitat Edges Between Managed and Natural Forests
SPILLOVER AND SPECIES INTERACTIONS ACROSS HABITAT EDGES BETWEEN MANAGED AND NATURAL FORESTS ____________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Canterbury by Carol M. Frost ____________________________________________________ School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury 2013 Table of Contents Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………...ii List of Tables………………………………………………………………………...…..vi List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………..vii Abstract………………………………………………………………………………...viii Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………....x Chapter I: Introduction………………………………………………………………….1 1.1 Land-use change as the leading cause of biodiversity loss………………………….1 1.2 Biodiversity conservation versus agricultural production…………………………..2 1.3 Spillover edge effects as a mechanism of change in remnant natural ecosystems….3 1.4 Measuring ecological change: species interactions underlie ecosystem function…..5 1.5 Predicting indirect interactions……………………………………………………...6 1.6 Thesis objectives, study system, and outline………………………………………..9 Chapter II: Community-level spillover of natural enemies.........................................14 2.1 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….14 2.2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………...15 2.3 Methods…………………………………………………………………………….18 2.3.1 Study system…………………………………………………………………...18 2.3.2 Sampling herbivore abundance and parasitism levels…………………………20 2.3.3 Measuring spillover of natural