The Divine Behind the Scenes, “The Divine Savior” Esther 8-10, 3/25/18
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Week #: 33 Text: Esther 1-10 Title: Feast of Purim Songs
Week #: 33 Text: Esther 1-10 Title: Feast of Purim Songs: Videos: Purim Song – The Maccabeats Audio Reading: Book of Esther Feast of Purim Purim is an annual celebration of the defeat of an Iranian mad man’s plan to exterminate the Jewish people. Purim is celebrated annually during the month of Adar (the second month of Adar) on the 14th day. In years where there are two months of Adar, Purim is celebrated in the second month because it always needs to fall 30 days before Passover. It is called Purim because the word means “lots” – referencing when Haman threw lots to decide which day he would slay the Jews. The fourteenth was chosen for this celebration because it is the day that the Jews battled for their lives and won. The fifteenth is celebrated as Purim also because the book of Esther says that in Shushan (a walled city), deliverance from the scheduled massacre was not completed until the next day. So the fifteenth is referred to as Shushan Purim. Traditions for the Feast of Purim: It is customary to read the book of Esther – called the Megillah Esther – or the scroll of Esther. It means the revelation of that which is hidden While reading it is tradition to boo, hiss, stamp feet and rattle noise makers whenever Haman’s name is mentioned for the purpose of “blotting out the name of Haman”. When the names of Mordechai or Esther are spoken, hoots and hollers, cheering, applause, etc., are given as they are the heroes of the story. -
“Seeing God at Work” Esther 8:3–9:3, 26-28
watch the sermons | plymouthchurch.org “Seeing God at Work” Esther 8:3–9:3, 26-28 Brett Younger Senior Minister July 11, 2021 The Eighth Sunday of Pentecost Then Esther spoke again to the king; she fell at his feet, weeping and pleading with him to avert the evil design of Haman the Agagite and the plot that he had devised against the Jews. The king held out the golden scepter to Esther, and Esther rose and stood before the king. She said, “If it pleases the king, and if I have won his favor, and if the thing seems right before the king, and I have his approval, let an order be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote giving orders to destroy the Jews who are in all the provinces of the king. For how can I bear to see the calamity that is coming on my people? Or how can I bear to see the destruction of my kindred?” Then King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to the Jew Mordecai, “See, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows, because he plotted to lay hands on the Jews. You may write as you please with regard to the Jews, in the name of the king, and seal it with the king’s ring; for an edict written in the name of the king and sealed with the king’s ring cannot be revoked.” The king’s secretaries were summoned at that time, in the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day; and an edict was written, according to all that Mordecai commanded, to the Jews and to the satraps and the governors and the officials of the provinces from India to Ethiopia, one hundred twenty-seven provinces, to every province in its own script and to every people in its own language, and also to the Jews in their script and their language. -
The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther 10 PART of the TENTH CHAPTER AFTER the GREEK 4 Then Mardocheus Said, God Hath Done These Things
Esther (Greek) 10:4 1 Esther (Greek) 10:13 The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther 10 PART OF THE TENTH CHAPTER AFTER THE GREEK 4 Then Mardocheus said, God hath done these things. 5 For I remember a dream which I saw concerning these matters, and nothing thereof hath failed. 6 A little fountain became a river, and there was light, and the sun, and much water: this river is Esther, whom the king married, and made queen: 7 And the two dragons are I and Aman. 8 And the nations were those that were assembled to destroy the name of the Jews: 9 And my nation is this Israel, which cried to God, and were saved: for the Lord hath saved his people, and the Lord hath delivered us from all those evils, and God hath wrought signs and great wonders, which have not been done among the Gentiles. 10 Therefore hath he made two lots, one for the people of God, and another for all the Gentiles. 11 And these two lots came at the hour, and time, and day of judgment, before God among all nations. 12 So God remembered his people, and justified his inheritance. 13 Therefore those days shall be unto them in the month Adar, the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the same month, with an assembly, and joy, and with gladness before God, according to the generations for ever among his people. Esther (Greek) 11:1 2 Esther (Greek) 11:11 11 1 In the fourth year of the reign of Ptolemeus and Cleopatra, Dositheus, who said he was a priest and Levite, and Ptolemeus his son, brought this epistle of Phurim, which they said was the same, and that Lysimachus the son of Ptolemeus, that was in Jerusalem, had interpreted it. -
Esther 10:1-3 Dr
Book Study on Esther Mortdecai’s Fame Esther 10:1-3 Dr. Bill Gilmore Oakleaf Baptist Church, Orange Park, Florida Wednesday, September 30, 2020 PM Introduction • Review books of the Bible: Genesis – Esther • Last time we ended with Esther and Mordecai sending the decree to celebrate Purim. Every year on the 14-15 of Adar. Let’s pick up here in chapter 10 and verse 1 Lets look a little deeper into these verses: Est 10:1 And the king Ahasuerus laid a tribute upon the land, and upon the isles of the sea. • This passage being an appendix to the history, and improperly separated from the preceding chapter, it might be that the occasion of levying this new impost arose out of the commotions raised by Haman‘s conspiracy. Neither the nature nor the amount of the tax has been recorded; only it was not a local tribute, but one exacted from all parts of his vast empire.1 • Upon the isles of the sea - Cyprus, Aradus, the island of Tyre, Platea, etc., remained in the hands of the Persians after the victories of the Greeks, and may be the “isles” here intended.2 • The isles of the sea - Probably the isles of the Aegean sea, which were conquered by Darius Hystaspes. Calmet supposes that this Hystaspes is the Ahasuerus of Esther.3 • The disastrous expedition to Greece must have taxed the resources of the empire to the utmost, and fresh tribute would therefore be requisite to fill the exhausted coffers. Besides this, a harassing war was still going on, even ten years after the battle of Salamis, on the coast of Asia Minor, and this would require fresh supplies.4 Est 10:2 And all the acts of his power and of his might, and the declaration of the greatness of Mordecai, whereunto the king advanced him, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Media and Persia? • The Targum characteristically adds that when Ahasuerus knew who the people and family of Esther were, he declared them free.5 • The same word as that translated authority in Esther 9:29.4 • The declaration of the greatness of Mordecai. -
PRACTICES in TEXTS and CONTEXTS by Kelly A. Whitcomb
RELIGIOUS AND COMMUNAL PRACTICES IN THREE TRADITIONS OF ESTHER: PRACTICES IN TEXTS AND CONTEXTS By Kelly A. Whitcomb Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Religion May 2013 Nashville, TN Approved: Douglas A. Knight Annalisa Azzoni Ted A. Smith Kathy L. Gaca Herbert Marbury Jack M. Sasson Copyright © Kelly A. Whitcomb All Rights Reserved To my late grandparents, Beverly D. Stewart, George T. Stewart, Edith L. Whitcomb and Wilson F. Whitcomb, who were unable to see me obtain my Ph.D. but who taught me life's most important lessons— Love one another and let kids be kids. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.......................................................................................... viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1 Introduction..............................................................................................................1 Judeans and Jews .....................................................................................................3 Narrative Contexts and Socio-historical Contexts.................................................11 Methods and Approaches in This Study ................................................................13 Historical Criticism: -
37. Esther 10,4 – 11,1.Indd
ADDITION F THE INTERPRETATION OF MORDECAI’S DREAM [Vulgate 10:4 – 11:1] 213 What God has done for the Jews 10:4And Mordecai said, “These things have Once again the Greek Additions come from God; 5for I remember the dream focus on God’s intervention on that I had concerning these matters, and none behalf of the Jews, his chosen of them has failed to be fulfilled. race. 6 There was the little spring that became a Scholars suggest that the dream river, and there was light and sun and abun- (Addition A) and its interpreta- dant water—the river is Esther, whom the tion are a translation of a Semitic king married and made queen. original, which circulated inde- 7The two dragons are myself and Haman. pendently of the story of Esther, 8The nations are those that gathered to de- and that it has been adapted to stroy the name of the Jews. comment on it. 9And my nation, this is Israel, who cried out to God and was saved. The Lord has saved his people; the Lord has rescued us from all these evils; God has done great signs and wonders, wonders that have never happened among the nations. 10For this purpose he made two lots, one for the people of God and one for all the nations, 11and these two lots came to the hour and moment and day of decision before God and among all the nations. 12And God remembered his people and vindicated his inheritance. 13So they will observe these days in the month of Adar, on the fourteenth and fifteenth of that month, with an assembly and joy and glad- ness before God, from generation to generation forever among his people Israel.” Three Ptolemies had wives called Cleopatra. -
“The Reversal” Esther 8-9 We Are Finishing Our Series in Esther Today
“The Reversal” Esther 8-9 We are finishing our series in Esther today. What an incredible book. The drama last week was rich wasn’t it? Today we are going to see the finish to the story. And it is going to be marked by the idea of REVERSAL. Really the whole book is marked by it isn’t it? I was torn between a couple of themes in this book so we just titled the series ESTHER so that when you search our sermon archives it’s easy to find. But one big theme is reversal. And the power in Esther is showing you how your life can reverse course. We saw it last week in individuals • Haman was trying to build his own life…he was trying to gain as much power and authority and accolade as he could. He was feeding that shadow monster called pride that lurks in every heart. And what happened? Pride lifted up really high…only to bring him down to his death. Reversal. He went up by himself only to be brought low by God. • Esther and Mordecai had a different story. They went low. They sacrificed themselves. Were ready to lose their lives for the sake of rescuing God’s people. And what happened? God lifted them up. He reversed their course. He exalted the ones who humbled themselves. Reversal. I think the greatest hope of Esther is in these last few chapters as it celebrates that God can rescue anyone. No one is too far gone for God to come in, grab hold of your life, and reverse course. -
THE LXX TRANSLATION of ESTHER a Paraphrastic Translation of MT Or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version?
THE LXX TRANSLATION OF ESTHER A Paraphrastic Translation of MT or a Free Translation of a Rewritten Version? Emanuel Tov It can be said that the Septuagint version of Esther (Esth-LXX) has been the stepchild of LXX research over the past half century. While several monographs, some of them book-length, have been devoted to the ‘other’ Greek version, invariably named ‘Lucianic’,1 ‘A’, ‘alpha’ Text, or AT,2 little attention has been paid to the main Greek version. To the best of my knowledge, the text-critical value of this translation has not been studied in depth.3 The present paper is limited to brief 1 This version is contained in manuscripts that in other books contain the ‘Lucianic’ revision, but has little to do with that tradition, see R. Hanhart, Esther, Septuaginta, Vetus Testamentum graecum etc., VIII, 3, Göttingen 19832, 87–95. 2 In chronological sequence: C.A. Moore, ‘A Greek Witness to a Different Hebrew Text of Esther’, ZAW 79 (1967), 351–8; H.J. Cook, ‘The A Text of the Greek Versions of the Book of Esther’, ZAW 81 (1969), 369–76; E. Tov, ‘The ‘Lucianic’ Text of the Canonical and the Apocryphal Sections of Esther: A Rewritten Biblical Book’, Textus 10 (1982), 1–25, Revised version: The Greek and Hebrew Bible—Collected Essays on the Septuagint (VTSup 72), Leiden/etc. 1999, 535–48; D.J.A. Clines, The Esther Scroll—The Story of the Story ( JSOTSup 30), Sheffi eld 1984; J.-C. Haelewyck, ‘Le texte dit ‘Lucianique’ du livre d’Esther: Son étendue et sa coherence’, Le Muséon 98 (1985), 53–95; M.V. -
The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther, Which Are Found Neither in the Hebrew, Nor in the Chaldee
Additions to Esther 10:4 1 Additions to Esther 10:13 THE REST OF THE CHAPTERS OF THE BOOK OF ESTHER, WHICH ARE FOUND NEITHER IN THE HEBREW, NOR IN THE CHALDEE. 10 PART OF THE TENTH CHAPTER AFTER THE GREEK. 4 Then Mardocheus said, These things are of God. 5 For I remember the dream * which I saw concerning these matters, and nothing thereof hath failed. 6 As for the little fountain that became a river, and there was light, and the sun, and much water, the river is Esther, whom the king married, and made queen: 7 and the two dragons are I and Aman: 8 and the nations are those that were assembled to destroy the name of the Jews: 9 and my nation, this is Israel, which cried to God, and were saved: for the Lord hath saved his people, and the Lord hath delivered us from all these evils, and God hath wrought signs and great wonders, which have not been done among the nations. 10 Therefore hath he made two lots, one for the people of God, and another for all the nations. 11 And these two lots came at the hour, and time, and day of judgement, before God among all the nations. 12 So God remembered his people, and justified his inheritance. 13 Therefore these days shall be unto them in the month Adar, the fourteenth and fifteenth day of the month, with an assembly, and joy, and with gladness before God, throughout the generations for ever among his people Israel. * 10:5 See ch. -
Book of Esther - Thorough
Book of Esther - Thorough 1. What are the first five words of Esther? NOW IT CAME TO PASS 2. According to 1:1, over what territory did King Ahasuerus reign? FROM INDIA TO ETHIOPIA 3. According to Esther 1:1, who reigned from India to Ethiopia? AHASUERUS 4. According to Esther 1:1, the book of Esther took place in the days of what king? AHASUERUS 5. According to 1:1, over how many provinces did King Ahasuerus reign? 127 6. According to Esther 1:2, where was the throne of the kingdom of Ahasuerus? SHUSHAN THE PALACE 7. According to Esther 1:2, who sat on the throne in Shushan? AHASUERUS 8. Where was the palace of King Ahasuerus when the story of Esther took place? SHUSHAN 9. According to Esther 1:3, in which year of the reign of King Ahasuerus did he make a feast unto all his princes and his servants? THE THIRD YEAR 10. What is the first word in the book of Esther? NOW 11. According to Esther 1:3, what groups of people attended the feast of King Ahasuerus? ALL HIS PRINCES AND HIS SERVANTS; THE POWER OF PERSIA AND MEDIA; THE NOBLES AND PRINCES OF THE PROVINCES 12. According to Esther 1:3, what did King Ahasuerus do in the third year of his reign? HE MADE A FEAST UNTO ALL HIS PRINCES AND HIS SERVANTS; THE POWER OF PERSIA AND MEDIA; THE NOBLES AND PRINCES OF THE PROVINCES 13. According to Esther 1:3, what are we told about the group of people that King Ahasuerus invited to the feast in the third year of his reign? THEY WERE “BEFORE HIM” 14. -
The Book of Esther Lesson 5 Reverend Erwin Kurth Esther 5 & 6
The Book of Esther Lesson 5 REVEREND ERWIN KURTH ESTHER 5 & 6 HAMAN ACTS LIKE A MANIC-DEPRESSive – ESTHER 5:9-14 26 THE KING HONORS MOrdecai – ESTHER 6:1-11 26 “It’S an Omen!” SAY Haman’S FAMILY AND FRIENDS – ESTHER 6:12-14 27 PERSONAL APPLICATIOn – ESTHER 7 & 8 28 ESTHER HAS INITIAL SUCCESS – ESTHER 5:1-8 After the three-day fast imposed upon herself and her maids was over, Esther put on her royal apparel and went into the inner court of the palace where Xerxes could readily see her from his royal throne. The king was enthralled by her beauty and captivating appearance. She seemed a vision of delight and joy forever. He graciously extended to her the gold scepter that was in his hand. Immediately recognizing that as a gesture of welcome, she approached the throne and touched the tip of the scepter, possibly with her lips, in acknowledgment of his favor and as a tender of her esteem and love. So the first step in delivering the Jews from destruction had been taken with success and aplomb. She had gained audience with the king (5:1-2). “What is on your mind, Queen Esther?” the king inquired. “Tell me and I’ll grant your request even if it costs me half of my kingdom.” (A hyperbolic promise current then and, in fact, some 500 years later too, when King Herod said to Salome, the exotic dancer, “Whatever you ask, I will give you, up to half my kingdom” Mark 6:23). Esther was prudent enough not to venture forward on the basis of a first impression. -
17-Esther-Nets.Pdf
17-Est-NETS-4.qxd 11/10/2009 10:27 PM Page 424 ESTHER TO THE READER EDITION OF GREEK TEXT The NETS version of Esther is based on the full critical edition prepared by Robert Hanhart (Septuaginta: Vetus Testamentum Graecum Auctoritate Academiae Scientiarum Gottingensis editum VIII.3: Esther [Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966]). THE TWO GREEK VERSIONS Esther is one of three books in the Hebrew canon to have survived in two distinct Greek versions. The Göttingen critical edition of Esther prints both Greek texts. The “Septuagint” (Old Greek = OG) version is printed on the top half of the page with the siglum o´. The second Greek version is known as the Alpha- text (AT) and is printed on the bottom of the page with the siglum L, because at the time of its printing, this Greek version was thought to be Lucianic. It is not known with certainty which of the two Greek ver- sions is the older or if one text is a revision of the other. Recent scholarship has challenged the traditional view that the o´ text of Esther was the first Greek translation made of the Hebrew and that the AT was a later revision of it. The o´ text carries a colophon, which, if historically reliable, would allow for three pos- sible dates for the origin of the translation: 114/13 BCE, 78/77 BCE, or 48 BCE. Scholars disagree on which is most likely. Both Greek versions have been translated for NETS. The NRSV translates the o´ text into English with the title “Esther: The Greek Version Containing the Additional Chapters” and includes it within the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books.