DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of the Department of Energy's Inertial Confinement Fusion

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of the Department of Energy's Inertial Confinement Fusion Review of the Department of Energy’s Inertial Confinement Fusion Program Final Report Second Review of the Department of Energy’s Inertial Confinement Fusion Program Final Report Committee for a Second Review of the Department of Energy’s Inertial Confinement Fusion Program Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications National Research Council National Academy of Sciences 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 204 18 Work Performed under Contract DE-AC0 I -89DP20 154 with the Department of Energy NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 204 18 September 1990 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Frank Press is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Robert M. White is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Samuel O. Thier is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Frank Press and Dr. Robert M. White are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. This work related to Department of Energy Contract DE-AC0 1 -89DP20 154 issued by the Department of Energy. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the Department of Energy or the government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. The United States Government has at least a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license throughout the world for government purposes to publish, translate, reproduce, deliver, perform, and dispose of all or any of this work, and to authorize others so to do. Copies available from: Naval Studies Board National Research Council 2 10 1 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 204 18 Printed in the United States of America . ICF Review 111 Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications Norman Hackerman, Robert A. Welch Foundation, Chairman Peter J. Bickel, University of California at Berkeley George F. Carrier, Harvard University Herbert D. Doan, The Dow Chemical Company (retired) Dean E. Eastman, IBM, T.J. Watson Research Center Marye Anne Fox, University of Texas Phillip A. Griffiths, Duke University Neal F. Lane, Rice University Robert W. Lucky, AT&T Bell Laboratories Christopher F. McKee, University of California at Berkeley Richard S. Nicholson, American Association for the Advancement of Science Jeremiah P. Ostriker, Princeton University Observatory Alan Schriesheim, Argonne National Laboratory Roy F. Schwitters, Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory Kenneth G. Wilson, Ohio State University Staff Norman Metzger, Executive Director iv ICF Review Committee for a Review of the Department of Energy’s Inertial Confinement Fusion Program Steven E. Koonin, California Institute of Technology, Chairman George F. Carrier, Harvard University Robert F. Christy, California Institute of Technology Robert W. Conn, University of California, Los Angeles Ronald C. Davidson, Massachusetts Institute of Technology John M. Dawson, University of California, Los Angeles Anthony J. DeMaria, United Technologies Corporation Research Center Paul M. Doty, Harvard University William Happer, Jr., Princeton University Gerald L. Kulcinski, University of Wisconsin Conrad L. Longmire, Mission Research Corporation James R. Powell, Jr., Brookhaven National Laboratory Marshall N. Rosenbluth, University of California, San Diego Jack P. Ruina, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Robert L. Sproull, University of Rochester Maury Tigner, Cornell University Richard L. Wagner, Kaman Diversified Technologies Corporation DoE Liaison Representatives David N. Bixler, Inertial Fusion Division Sheldon L. Kahalas, Office of Research and Advanced Technology Marshall Sluyter, Inertial Fusion Division Consultants Sidney G. Reed, Rockville, Maryland James G. Wilson, Arlington, Virginia Staff Officer Lee M. Hunt, National Research Council ICF Review V PREFACE The Department of Energy National Security and Military Applications of Nuclear Energy Authorization Act of 1985 directed the President to establish a “technical review group to review thoroughly the accomplishments, management, goals, and anticipated contributions of the defense inertial confinement program.” The congressional language called for an interim report by June 1, 1985, and a final report by May I, 1986. The more detailed terms of reference for the study were as follows: The Technical Review Group will review the accomplishments, management, goals, and anticipated contributions of the Defense Inertial Confinement Fusion Program. The Technical Review Group shall consist of individuals who are highly qualified in scientific disciplines associated with the development and testing of nuclear weapons. The Technical Review Group will review all major areas of the inertial fusion program. The Technical Review Group shall prioritize activities within the present and future [Inertial Confinement Fusion] ICF Program and present an appropriate time scale for attaining the program goals. In his letter of December 20, 1984, the President’s Science Advisor called on the National Academy of Sciences to carry out the directed review. In response, the Academy established the Committee for a Review of the Department of Energy’s Inertial Confinement Fusion Program under the chairmanship of Dr. William Happer, Jr., of Princeton University. The committee, made up of ten carefully chosen scientists, conducted its review during 1985 and issued its final report in March 1986. Prominent among the several findings of that review were the following. It is important to recognize that the present state of knowledge does not permit a narrow focusing of the ICF Program. At the same time, budget limitations require a prioritization of activities. We believe that approximately five years at current budget levels is required to resolve critical technical issues of ICF feasibility. The Committee unanimously recommends that the budget should be stable during this five-year period and at a level adequate to achieve the highest priority objectives, which, we believe, is approximately at the current level ($155 million/year). In considering the findings contained in this report, it is important to remember that the five- year research and development period set by the Happer, committee will not end until March 1991, and that the ICF Program has not been level-funded during the 1986-1989 period. Further, congressional interest in a second review three years after the Happer, report was undoubtedly stimulated by very positive research results obtained during the interval and by growing interest within the ICF community in selecting and building a driver at the next energy plateau. The present review of the ICF program resulted from language contained in the FY89 authorization and appropriating bills that directed the Secretary of Energy to commission an independent review, the interim report of which to be due by January 15, 1990,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Next Generation of Fusion Energy Research
    THE NEXT GENERATION OF FUSION ENERGY RESEARCH HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 29, 2009 Serial No. 111–61 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 52–894PDF WASHINGTON : 2010 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY HON. BART GORDON, Tennessee, Chair JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois RALPH M. HALL, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER JR., LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California Wisconsin DAVID WU, Oregon LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington DANA ROHRABACHER, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio W. TODD AKIN, Missouri BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas PAUL D. TONKO, New York BOB INGLIS, South Carolina PARKER GRIFFITH, Alabama MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida JIM MATHESON, Utah BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee ADRIAN SMITH, Nebraska BEN CHANDLER, Kentucky PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri PETE OLSON, Texas BARON P. HILL, Indiana HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizona CHARLES A. WILSON, Ohio KATHLEEN DAHLKEMPER, Pennsylvania ALAN GRAYSON, Florida SUZANNE M.
    [Show full text]
  • Platinum Sponsor
    We like to thank the Department of Biotechnology (Government of India) for financial support. We like to thank our sponsors for financial support: Platinum Sponsor: Gold Sponsor: Silver Sponsors: And Program Date Venue Timings Title OF MUSIC, MATH AND MEASUREMENT LH1 6pm M.W. Linscheid, Humbold Universitaet Berlin, Germany Dining Mixer 23/08 7pm Complex Concert by Ananth Menon Quartet Dining 8pm Dinner Complex LH1 9:00am Tutorial I MASS SPECTROMETRIC ESSENTIALS IN OMICS RESEARCH D.Schwudke LH1 9:30am Session I / Proteomics (Chair D. Schwud ke) MASS SPECTROMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL TRANS- SPLICING EVENT IN GIARDIA LAMBLIA HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 U.S. Tatu, IISC Bangalore, India REVISITING PROTEOMICS OF GLIOMAS: DIFFERENTIAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS AND MOLECULAR INSIGHTS R. Sirdeshmukh, IOB Bangalore, India NEW HIGH SELECTIVITY WORKFLOWS FOR TARGETED QUANTITATIVE PROTEOMICS 24/08 M. Cafazzo, AB Sciex, US Break ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES - USE OF METAL CODING AND LC/MS WITH ICP AND ELECTROSPRAY M.W. Linscheid, Humbold Universitaet Berlin, Germany MATERNAL VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY INDUCED ALTERATION IN PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN RAT OFFSPRING S. Sengupta, IGIB New Dehli, India CLINICAL PROTEOMICS OF EYE DISEASES K. Dharmalingam, Madurai Kamaraj University, India Dining 1pm Lunch Complex Ope n 2pm Poster Session I Deck Date Venue Timings Title LH1 4pm Session II / Lipidomics (Chair S. Hebbar ) TOWARDS THE COMPLETE STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF COMPLEX LIPIDS BY MASS SPECTROMETRY: NOVEL APPROACHES TO ION ACTIVATION S. Blanksby et al., University of Wollongong, Australia LIPIDOMICS AT THE HIGH MASS RESOLUTION A. Shevchenko, MPI-CBG Dresden, Germany STRATEGIES FOR IMAGING BIOMOLECULES BY TOF-SIMS AND MALDI-TOF/TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY O.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 HISTORY and DEVELOPMENT of MILITARY LASERS
    History and Development of Military Lasers Chapter 2 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY LASERS JACK B. KELLER, JR* INTRODUCTION INVENTING THE LASER MILITARIZING THE LASER SEARCHING FOR HIGH-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS SEARCHING FOR LOW-ENERGY LASER WEAPONS RETURNING TO HIGHER ENERGIES SUMMARY *Lieutenant Colonel, US Army (Retired); formerly, Foreign Science Information Officer, US Army Medical Research Detachment-Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 7965 Dave Erwin Drive, Brooks City-Base, Texas 78235 25 Biomedical Implications of Military Laser Exposure INTRODUCTION This chapter will examine the history of the laser, Military advantage is greatest when details are con- from theory to demonstration, for its impact upon the US cealed from real or potential adversaries (eg, through military. In the field of military science, there was early classification). Classification can remain in place long recognition that lasers can be visually and cutaneously after a program is aborted, if warranted to conceal hazardous to military personnel—hazards documented technological details or pathways not obvious or easily in detail elsewhere in this volume—and that such hazards deduced but that may be relevant to future develop- must be mitigated to ensure military personnel safety ments. Thus, many details regarding developmental and mission success. At odds with this recognition was military laser systems cannot be made public; their the desire to harness the laser’s potential application to a descriptions here are necessarily vague. wide spectrum of military tasks. This chapter focuses on Once fielded, system details usually, but not always, the history and development of laser systems that, when become public. Laser systems identified here represent used, necessitate highly specialized biomedical research various evolutionary states of the art in laser technol- as described throughout this volume.
    [Show full text]
  • A Fusion Test Facility for Inertial Fusion
    A Fusion Test Facility for Inertial Fusion The Fusion Test Facility would be part of an integrated IFE program where the essential elements are developed and implemented as systems in progressively more capable IFE oriented facilities. Fusion Test Facility (FTF) Direct laser drive Sub-megaJoule laser energy Goal of ~150 MW fusion power High flux neutron source Development path to a power plant Presented by Stephen Obenschain U.S. Naval Research Laboratory September 27 2006 Fusion Power Associates Meeting Introduction The scientific underpinnings for ICF has and is being developed via large single shot facilities. The IFE application, while greatly benefiting from this effort, requires a different and broader perspective. • Development of sufficiently efficient and durable high repetition rate drivers. • High gain target designs consistent with the energy application. • Development of economical mass production techniques for targets. • Precision target injection, tracking & laser beam steering. • Reaction chamber design and materials for a harsh environment. • Operating procedures (synchronizing a complex high duty cycle operation) • Overall economics, development time and costs. Individual IFE elements have conflicts in their optimization, and have to be developed in concert with their own purpose-built facilities. HAPL= $25M/yr High Average Power Laser program administered by NNSA See presentations by John Sethian and John Caird this afternoon. Typical GW (electrical )designs have >3 MJ laser drivers @ 5-10 Hz Target Factory Electricity
    [Show full text]
  • Part 1: April 24, 2007 Presentations
    UCRL-MI-231268 IFE Science and Technology Strategic Planning Workshop - Part 1: April 24, 2007 Presentations To select an individual presentation, click the table of contents entry on the next page or click the title on the agenda for Day 1 (using the Hand Tool icon). To save only a portion of this document, go to File/Print, select Adobe PDF as your printer, specify the desired range of pages, and save to a new file name. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. Portions of this work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract W-7405-Eng-48. Part 1 Contents Agenda ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Presentations 1. Welcome and Perspectives, Ed Synakowski, LLNL............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Laser (From the Acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) Is an Optical Source That Emits Photons in a Coherent Beam
    LASER A laser (from the acronym Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is an optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. The verb to lase means "to produce coherent light" or possibly "to cut or otherwise treat with coherent light", and is a back- formation of the term laser. Laser light is typically near-monochromatic, i.e. consisting of a single wavelength or color, and emitted in a narrow beam. This is in contrast to common light sources, such as the incandescent light bulb, which emit incoherent photons in almost all directions, usually over a wide spectrum of wavelengths. Laser action is explained by the theories of quantum mechanics and thermodynamics. Many materials have been found to have the required characteristics to form the laser gain medium needed to power a laser, and these have led to the invention of many types of lasers with different characteristics suitable for different applications. The laser was proposed as a variation of the maser principle in the late 1950's, and the first laser was demonstrated in 1960. Since that time, laser manufacturing has become a multi- billion dollar industry, and the laser has found applications in fields including science, industry, medicine, and consumer electronics. Contents [hide] 1 Physics 2 History 2.1 Recent innovations 3 Uses 3.1 Popular misconceptions 3.2 "LASER" 3.3 Scientific misconceptions 4 Laser safety 5 Categories 5.1 By type 5.2 By output power 6 See also 7 Further reading 7.1 Books 7.2 Periodicals 8 References 9 External links [edit] Physics See also: Laser science Principal components: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • NRL Nike Laser Focuses on Nuclear Fusion 20 March 2013
    NRL Nike Laser focuses on nuclear fusion 20 March 2013 concept, numerous laser beams are used to implode and compress a pea-sized pellet of deuterium-tritium (D-T) to extreme density and temperature, causing the atoms to fuse, resulting in the release of excess energy. In an ICF implosion, a progressively diminishing portion of the beams will engage the shrinking pellet if the focal spot diameter of the laser remains unchanged. For optimal coupling, it becomes desirable to decrease the laser focal spot size to match the reduction in the pellet's diameter, minimizing wasted energy. This is the Nike Laser -- focal zooming. Credit: U.S. "Matching the focal spot size to the pellet Naval Research Laboratory throughout the implosion process maximizes the on- target laser energy," Kehne said. "This experiment validates the engineering of focal zooming in KrF lasers to track the size of an imploding pellet in Researchers at the U.S. Naval Research inertial confinement fusion." Laboratory have successfully demonstrated pulse tailoring, producing a time varying focal spot size With single-step focal zooming implemented, the known as 'focal zooming' on the world's largest Nike laser provides independent control of pulse operating krypton fluoride (KrF) gas laser. shape, time of arrival, and focal diameter allowing greater flexibility in the profiles and pulse shapes The Nike laser is a two to three kilojoule (kJ) KrF that can be produced. The flexibility in pulse system that incorporates beam smoothing by shaping provides promising uses in both future induced spatial incoherence (ISI) to achieve one experiments and laser diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report of Kansai Research Establishment 1999 October 1,1995-March 31,2000
    JP0150335 ANNUAL REPORT OF KANSAI RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT 1999 OCTOBER 1,1995-MARCH 31,2000 i h Kansai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Mi, m&mntimm (T319-1195 4 is, ^ - (T319-1195 This report is issued irregularly. Inquiries about availability of the reports should be addressed to Research Information Division, Department of Intellectual Resources, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken T 319-1195, Japan. © Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, 2001 JAERI-Review 2001-003 Annual Report of Kansai Research Establishment 1999 October 1,1995~March 31,2000 Kansai Research Establishment Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Kizu-cho, Souraku-gun, Kyoto-fu (Received January 15,2001) This report is the first issue of the annual report of Kansai Research Establishment, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. It covers status reports of R&D and results of experiments conducted at the Advanced Photon Research Center and the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center during the period from October 1,1995 to March 31, 2000. Keywords: Annual Report, Kansai Research Establishment, JAERI, R&D, Advanced Photon Research Center, Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Board of Editors for Annual Report Editors: Takashi ARISAWA (Chief editor), Osamu SfflMOMURA, AMra NAGASfflMA, Norio OGIWARA, Mitsuru YAMAGIWA, Masato KOIKE, Kazuhisa NAKAJIMA, Eisuke MINEHARA, TeiMchi SASAKI, Jun-ichiro MZUKI, Yuji BABA, Atsushi FUJIMORI Editorial assistants: Noboru TSUCHIDA, Sayaka HARAYAMA, Shuichi FUJITA, Tsutomu WATANABE, Hironobu OGAWA JAERI-Review 2001-003 1999 1995 ¥ 10 J! 1 H-2000¥3^ 31 0 (2001 ¥U! 15 V s 1995 ¥ 10 M frh 2000 ¥ 3 31 : T 619-0215 •8-1 JAERI-Review 2001-003 Contents * OUXXXULXdl V —————————————————————————————--—————"-•-————•-•-——--——•-•-•---—--————————————————————•-———————————————————— a 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Laser Study on Q-Switch of Cr4 +: YAG Self-Saturated Crystals
    Insight - Physics(2018.1) Original Research Article Laser Study on Q-switch of Cr4 +: YAG Self-saturated Crystals Yonghui Lin,Xiao Wang,Xiaodong Zhao Department of Physics, Langfang Jiaotong University, Hebei, China ABSTRACT In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology applications, computer simulation experiments have been widely used in various fields of science and application, plays an important and indispensable role. Similarly, computer simulation experiments in laser research are also important; it can be a limited amount of time in a large number of repeated experiments, resulting in the characteristics of the laser curve to study. If the same actual experiment, the time required is very long, the investment of funds is huge. So through the computer simulation experiment to guide the actual experiment, can study the smooth progress. It is the guarantee of actual experiment. KEYWORDS: - 1. Introduction Solid tunable laser has the advantages of compact structure, wide tuning range, convenient tuning, large output power and high repetition rate. It quickly replaced the dye tunable laser as the active fi eld of laser research. The tunable range of Cr4 + ions can cover the spectral region of 1.1μm-1.8μm, which includes many very important bands, such as the zero loss of the fi ber, the zero dispersion area and the safety band of the human eye. In the optoelectronic information technology, Spectroscopy, atmospheric measurement, environmental monitoring, life sciences and semiconductor materials research has important applications. In the Cr4 + ion as the activation of the central ion of the laser crystal, the transition metal ion solid tunable laser was successfully operated.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrared Study of Transient Molecules in Chemical Lasers
    INFRARED STUDY OF TRANSIENT MOLECULES IN CHEMICAL LASERS GEORGE c. PIMENTEL Chemistry Department, University oJ California, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. The Ninth European Congress on Molecular Spectroscopy is devoted mainly to infrared and Raman spectroscopy. However, the present paper will be concerned with a rather novel kind of infrared spectroscopy, the study of the emissions from chemical lasers. This work was initiated in the course of rapid scan infrared spectroscopy with more conventional aims of molecular spectroscopy. It is an appropriate subject for this Congress because molecular spectroscopists will surely be able to contribute richly to this field and because the consideration of possible new frontiers of spec­ troscopy is in the tradition of this excellent Congress. INTRODUCTION In a chemical laser, the population inversion results directly from the distribution of reaction heat among the available degrees of freedom in the course of an elementary reaction process. Hence, in principle, chemical laser pumping might excite electronic, vibration-rotation or pure rotational laser transitions. Electronic population inversions can be expected to be rather rare since most electronic transitions involve rather high energies relative to reaction heats. Rotational population inversions may be produced in many reactions but even if they are, they will be difficult to maintain because of the rapidity of rotation-translation equilibration. Vibrational excitation escapes both of these difficulties. Only moderate energies are needed and vibrational equilibration can require many thousands of mole­ cular collisions. Hence there are rich possibilities for chemicallasers involving vibrational population inversions. I t is gratifying that such population inversions hold quite interesting information about elementary chemical processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Wavelength Detuning to Mitigate Cross-Beam Energy Transfer Using the Nike Laser
    Evaluation of Wavelength Detuning to Mitigate Cross-Beam Energy Transfer Using the Nike Laser Backlighter beams dm: !3 Å KrF 10 J in 400 ps (FWHM*) Drive beams dm: !3 Å (KrF) Target 1.8 kJ in 4 ns 200-nm outer diameter Nike target chamber 57th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society P. W. McKenty Division of Plasma Physics University of Rochester Savannah, GA Laboratory for Laser Energetics 16–20 November 2015 1 Summary The Nike laser can be employed to examine the effects of laser wavelength detuning to mitigate cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) • Wavelength detuning is predicted to shift the CBET interaction region within the corona, affecting the gains/losses because of CBET • The Nike platform is well suited for these studies, providing a well- diagnosed system over a range of detunings (Dm ~6 Å KrF) • Initial experiments have commenced on Nike, measuring energy dependence of wavelength detuning TC12419 2 Collaborators J. A. Marozas University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics J. Weaver, S. P. Obenschain, and A. J. Schmitt Naval Research Laboratory 3 Successful wavelength detuning shifts the resonance location sufficiently to mitigate CBET When probe rays are blue-shifted, the resonance shifts to a higher Mach Pump beam number where intersecting probe rays are negligible When probe rays are red-shifted, the resonance shifts to a lower Mach number where probe rays are blocked CBET causes probe rays and/or have negligible intensity Target to extract energy from rc high-intensity pump rays Parabolic locus of turning points Probe beam TC11766e 4 The NIKE experiments will evaluate the disposition of the scattered light at two specific locations OMEGA Nike CBET Target Target Scattered-light disposition TC12420 D.
    [Show full text]
  • Thermodynamics of Chemical Laser and High Temperature Species
    NBSIR 75-751 AFOSR SCIENTIFIC REPORT AFOSR-TR- 75-15 38 THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL LASER AND HIGH TEMPERATURE SPECIES C. W. Beckett, Project Director Physical Chemistry Division Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 October 1975 Final Report for Agreement No. AFOSR-ISSA- 75-0001 July 19 74- June 19 75 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited Prepared for Air Force Office of Scientific Research Building 410, Boiling Air Force Base Washington, DC 20332 Qualified requestors may obtain additional copies from the Defense Documentation Center, all others should apply to the National Technical Information Service. Conditions for Reproduction Reproduction, translation, publication, use and disposal in whole or in part by or for the United States Government is permitted. Previous reports describing related work have the NBS Report Nos. 6297, 6486, 6645, 6928, 7093, 7192, 7437, 7587, 7796, 8033, 8186, 8504, 8628, 8919, 9028, 9389, 9500, 9601, 9803, 9905, 10004, 10074, 10326, 10481, 10904, and NBSIR 73-280, 73-281, 74-600. UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Dmta Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER |2 GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3 RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER AFOSR-TR- 75-15 38 NBSIR 75-751 j 4. TITLE (mnd Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT ft PERIOD COVERED THERMODYNAMICS OF CHEMICAL LASER AND HIGH FINAL TEMPERATURE SPECIES July 1, 1974 - June 30, 1975 6 PERFORMING ORG »EPt)H T NUMBER 7. AUTHORf*) 8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER'") T.T TCC A— 7^—0001 rwAPTVc; nvrvyTT protptt ttatikp ISort" / J-UUUl 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10.
    [Show full text]