DOCSLIB.ORG

Anderson Email: [email protected] Office: Wells 222A Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday 11:15-12:45

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Anderson Email: Andersonc@Geneseo.Edu Office: Wells 222A Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday 11:15-12:45 Myth and Religion in the Ancient Near East INTD 105-11 Spring 2017 SUNY College at Geneseo Mon., Wed. – 10:00-11:15 AM Integrated Science Center 325 Instructor: Christopher D. Anderson Email: [email protected] Office: Wells 222A Office Hours: Monday and Wednesday 11:15-12:45. Other times may also be arranged on those days. In either case, it is best to inform me ahead of time that you would like to meet. Course Description: The ancient Near East was the birthplace of writing and home to the first literate urban civilization. The invention of writing made history possible by allowing humans to record their thoughts, stories, and everyday activities. This course will explore a number of mythic and other texts from several cultures of the ancient Near Eastern world, most prominently Mesopotamia and Canaan (present-day Iraq, Syria, Palestine, and Israel, ca. 3200 BCE to 323 BCE). The literature of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament will also be discussed within this context, but will be treated the same as any of the other texts. The texts covered will treat such themes as creation and order, the flood, death and the afterlife, ritual and magic, prophecy and divination, kingship, and the relation between human and divine. In addition to reading primary source material, we will read modern secondary literature that discusses various approaches to these texts. Of course, we will always want to ask how these texts illuminate the cultures from which they come, but we will also ask what they say about human creativity and experience more broadly. The goal of this course is also to develop critical reading and writing skills such as forming opinions, formulating arguments in support of those opinions, and expressing them in written academic form. Student Learning Outcomes: All sections of INTD 105 Writing Seminar share these learning outcomes. Students who have taken INTD 105 will demonstrate: 1) The ability to read significant texts carefully and critically, recognizing and responding to argumentative positions. 2) The ability to write sustained, coherent, and persuasive arguments on significant issues that arise from the texts. 3) The ability to write clearly, following the conventions of Standard English. 4) The ability to develop research skills, including the ability to search databases, evaluate published materials, and incorporate information from secondary source materials into a research paper. 5) The oral ability to present ideas to the class and discuss the complexity of the texts. 1 Course Reading: 1) Books to Acquire: Foster, Benjamin R. From Distant Days: Myths, Tales, and Poetry of Ancient Mesopotamia. Bethesda: CDL, 1995. George, Andrew. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. Revised Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 2003. (It is important to obtain the most recent edition of the Gilgamesh Epic by Andrew George, as new manuscripts have been discovered that have enhanced our knowledge of the text.) Coogan, Michael D. and Mark S. Smith. Stories from Ancient Canaan. Second Edition. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 2012. (Please be sure to purchase the second edition) Graff, Gerald and Cathy Birkenstein. They Say/I Say: Moves that Matter in Academic Writing. Third Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2014. 2) Recommended: Strunk, William and E.B. White. The Elements of Style. Fourth Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, 2000. (A timeless, inexpensive book. Especially useful is section IV: “words and expressions commonly misused.”) 3) Other required readings will be posted on myCourses. 4) Some Books in the Library Related to the Subject Matter of this Course: Coogan, Michael D. ed. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press, 2010. Meeks, Wayne A., ed. The Harper Collins Study Bible. New Revised Standard Version with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. New York: Harper Collins, 1993. Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Harps that Once…Sumerian Poetry in Translation. New Haven: Yale University, 1987. Foster, Benjamin R. Before the Muses: An Anthology of Akkadian Literature. Third Edition. Bethesda: CDL, 2005. Leick, Gwendolyn. Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East. New York: Routledge, 1999. Leick, Gwendolyn, ed. The Babylonian World. New York: Routledge, 2009. van der Toorn, Karel, Bob Becking, and Pieter W. van der Horst, eds. Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Second Extensively Revised Edition. Leiden: Brill, 1999. Black, Jeremy and Anthony Green. Gods, Demons, and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary. London: British Museum, 1992. Freedman, David Noel, ed. The Anchor Bible Dictionary. Six Volumes. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Sasson, Jack M., ed. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Two Volumes. Peabody: Hendrickson, 2000. Bienkowski, Piotr and A. R. Millard. Dictionary of the Ancient Near East. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 2000. Metzger, Bruce and Michael D. Coogan, eds. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford: University, 1993. 2 Johnston, Sarah Iles ed., Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide. Cambridge: Belknap, 2003. Jacobsen, Thorkild. The Treasures of Darkness: A History of Mesopotamian Religion. New Haven: Yale University, 1976. Oppenheim, A. Leo. Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization. Revised Edition Completed by Erica Reiner. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1977. Bottéro, Jean. Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods. Translated by Zainab Bahrani and Marc van de Mieroop. Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1992. Smith, Mark S. The Early History of God: Yahweh and the Other Deities in Ancient Israel. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990. Smith, Mark S. Poetic Heroes: Literary Commemorations of Warriors and Warrior Culture in the Early Biblical World. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2014. Tigay, Jeffrey H. The Evolution of the Gilgamesh Epic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1982. Finkel, Irving L. The Ark Before Noah: Decoding the Story of the Flood. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2014. Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts on File, 1990. Course Requirements: 1) Class Participation. This includes attendance, general preparedness, class discussion, and group work. You may be called on to answer questions about the assigned reading for that day. (15%) 2) Attending the Plagiarism Workshop (This is part of your class participation grade). (0%) 3) In Class Study Questions. Ten times this semester you will be given a question at the beginning of class on the reading for that day. These will be unannounced, but you may use your class readings and notes. With the materials that you used to prepare for class that day, you will then write about that question for ca. 10 minutes. We will then discuss that question at some point during the class. At the end of class you will turn in what you have written. Each question will be worth two percent. I suggest purchasing a Blue Book to keep these organized and all in the same place. (20%) 4) Reverse Outline and Summary of one Article (1-1.5 pages double-spaced). (10%) 5) Evaluative Article Review (1-1.5 pages double-spaced). (10%) 6) Annotated Bibliography. (10%) 7) Introduction to the Final Paper (ca. 3/4 of a page double-spaced. This, then, will be revised for the final paper). (10%) 8) Final Paper (This will be ca. 6-8 pages in length, utilizing at least 5 modern treatments/secondary sources. Specific guidelines and suggestions for paper topics will be disseminated.). (25%) N.B.: The primary goal of this course is for you to develop the ability to write a college level research paper. If you fail to demonstrate this ability with your final paper, you will not pass the course. General Comments: 1) Additional readings are indicated for some classes. These consist of primary sources, journal articles, and other modern treatments of primary texts, which will be posted in pdf form on myCourses. 3 2) All readings are to be completed before class meets on that date. Likewise, writing and other assignments are also indicated and are to be completed before class meets on that date. Always bring the assigned reading to class in paper or electronic form. 3) Some of the primary texts we will be reading begin in medias res and/or contain unfamiliar and confusing notions and references. Please read the introductions to the primary sources carefully in order to orient yourself. 4) The recommended minimum standard is 2-3 hours a week of out-of-class work time for each semester hour of classes on one’s schedule. Since this is a 3-credit course, you should plan to spend 6-9 hours per week reading, re-reading, note-taking, researching, and writing. 5) There are rules to email etiquette. See: https://medium.com/@lportwoodstacer/how-to- email-your-professor-without-being-annoying-af-cf64ae0e4087. It is a genre with rules that you need to learn for college and for the professional world outside of college. Some professors are friendlier than others, and the more familiar you are with a professor, the less formal they may be in email exchanges; however, let the level of formality be set by them and do not be less formal than they are. Remember also that there are two steps that you should take before asking a professor a question: 1) look in the syllabus and 2) ask a friend in the class. 6) Please turn your mobile phones on vibrate during class, and do not use them for any purpose except in the case of emergency. I will leave my phone on for security reasons. 7) Laptop or tablet use in class is limited to note-taking and consultation of primary sources. Please use your electronic devices effectively and courteously. Use for other purposes will result in suspension of the right to use a computer in class for the remainder of the semester.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymn of the Pearlñ SIMO PARPOLA
    THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ ÐMesopotamian Precursors to the Hymn of the PearlÑ SIMO PARPOLA Published in Melammu Symposia 2: R. M. Whiting (ed.), Mythology and Mythologies. Methodological Approaches to Intercultural Influences. Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Paris, France, October 4-7, 1999 (Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project 2001), pp. 181-94. Publisher: http://www.helsinki.fi/science/saa/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. PARPOLA T HE HYMN OF THE PEARL SIMO P ARPOLA Helsinki Mesopotamian Precursors of the Hymn of the Pearl Introduction he so-called Hymn of the Pearl is a lair, lying in wait for it to grow drowsy and Hellenistic poem of 105 verses pre- fall asleep. To mislead the Egyptians, lest senting in allegorical form the Gnos- they recognize him as a stranger and arouse T the dragon agaist him, he disguises himself, tic doctrine of the soul’s heavenly origin putting on the dress of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Here and There Some New Bibliography, As Well As a Few Tidbits of Information That Have Come My Way
    01-FM.MC8 Page vii Wednesday, May 25, 2011 4:42 PM Preface Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography represents the main part of my ˜rst decade of study as an Assyriologist. The book began its life as a Ph.D. thesis of the same name under the supervision of Professor W. G. Lambert of the Univer- sity of Birmingham. After completion of the Ph.D. thesis in 1986, I continued to collect materials relevant to the study of Mesopotamian views of cosmography with the intention of revising the thesis as a book in the early 1990s. The book Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography presents this revised, more mature examina- tion of the topic. Wayne Horowitz Kfar Adumim February, 1994 Preface to the Second Printing In the introduction to the ˜rst edition of Mesopotamian Cosmic Geogra- phy (MCG), I opened with the sentence: “This study collects and presents the available evidence in Sumerian and Akkadian texts for Mesopotamian ideas of the physical structure of the universe and its constituent parts.” Today, in 2010, this statement is no longer correct, because the ˜eld of Assyriology has moved on over the last 15 years, with new texts being discovered, new editions of texts published, and new interpretations offered. Just to point out a few examples: • Chapter 7 on the “Geography of the Sky” was published too early to make full use of H. Hunger and D. Pingree’s edition of the Mul-Apin series, their encyclopedic work Astral Sciences in Mesopotamia,1 and my own continuing work on the “Astrolabe” group of texts. • Likewise, a number of new editions and studies of The Etana Epic have appeared, and they could be integrated into chapter 3.2 1 Hunger and Pingree 1989 and 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Urnamma of Ur in Sumerian Literary Tradition
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 1999 Urnamma of Ur in Sumerian Literary Tradition Flückiger-Hawker, Esther Abstract: This book presents new standard editions of all the hitherto known hymns of Urnamma, the founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur (fl. 2100 B.C.), and adds new perspectives to the compositions and development of the genre of Sumerian royal hymns in general. The first chapter (I) is introductory in nature (historical background, the reading of the name Urnamma, Sumerian royal hymns). The second chapter (II) presents a general survey of Urnamma’s hymnic corpus, including arguments for a broader definition of Sumerian royal hymns and an attempt at classifying the non-standard orthography found in Urnamma’s hymns. The third chapter (III) deals with correlations of Urnamma’s hymns with other textual sources pertaining to him. A fourth chapter (IV) is devoted to aspects of continuity and change in royal hymnography by analyzing the Urnamma hymns in relation to other royal hymns and related genres. A discussion of topoi of legitimation and kingship and narrative materials in different text types during different periods of time and other findings concerning statues, stelas and royal hymns addnew perspectives to the ongoing discussion of the original setting of royal hymns. Also, reasons are given why a version of the Sumerian King List may well be dated to Urnamma and the thesis advanced that Išmēdagan of Isin was not only an imitator of Šulgi but also of Urnamma. The final of the chapter IV shows that Urnamma A, also known as Urnamma’s Death, uses the language of lamentation literature and Curse of Agade which describe the destruction of cities, and applies it to the death of a king.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Middle Assyrian Sumerian Literary, Liturgical and Magical Texts
    The Reception of Sumerian Literature in the Western Periphery Maurizio Viano 2 Middle Assyrian Sumerian Literary, Liturgical and Magical Texts The city of Assur, the capital of the Assyrian kingdom during the Late Bronze Age, is the main source for the Middle Assyrian Sumerian literary texts. They belong to a group of Middle Assyrian tablets discovered in Neo Assyrian archeological contexts in different find-spots from two main areas in the northern part of the city.496 About one hundred MA tablets were unearthed together with NA manuscripts in the southwest courtyard of the Assur Temple (N1).497 An additional sixty tablets were found in an earlier NA archeological context in the area southwest of the Anu-Adad Temple (M2).498 To this group probably belong five more tablets without correct excavation numbers, three of which are bilingual.499 However, many Sumerian literary texts from Assur have unrecorded or unknown find-spots or their archival context cannot be reconstructed.500 In addition to literary texts, the col- lection includes palace and harem regulations, royal inscriptions, omina, lexical lists, astronomical and astrological texts, and several other typologies.501 According to Weidner (1952-53) this collec- tion, consisting of Assyrian manuscripts and tablets imported from Babylonia, once belonged to a single library assembled by the king Tiglath-Pileser I (1114-1076 B.C.). This view was questioned by Lambert502 who suggested that scribes wrote tablets for their own libraries. Now it is generally agreed upon that this collection stems from the reign of various kings. A large part of it, including several Sumerian literary texts, is the work of the sons of the royal scribe Ninurta-uballissu.
    [Show full text]
  • Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues Die Babylonisch-Assyrische Medizin in Texten Und Untersuchungen
    Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues Die babylonisch-assyrische Medizin in Texten und Untersuchungen Begründet von Franz Köcher Herausgegeben von Robert D. Biggs und Marten Stol Band 9 Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues Medicine, Magic and Divination Edited by Ulrike Steinert The work on this volume as part of the project BabMed – Babylonian Medicine has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013; Project No. 323596). ISBN 978-1-5015-1363-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-5015-0491-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0487-7 Library of Congress Control Number 2018935702 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2018 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Cover image: Florentina Badalanova Geller Typesetting: Michael Peschke, Berlin Printing: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Acknowledgements 1 Abbreviations 3 Ulrike Steinert Introduction: Catalogues, Corpora and Canons in Mesopotamian Scholarship 7 Part 1: Studies on Mesopotamian Text Catalogues Irving L. Finkel On Three Tablet Inventories 25 Markham J. Geller A Babylonian Hippocrates 42 J. Cale Johnson Towards a New Perspective on Babylonian Medicine: The Continuum of Allegoresis and the Emergence of Secular Models in Mesopotamian Scientific Thought 55 Strahil V. Panayotov Notes on the Assur Medical Catalogue with Comparison to the Nineveh Medical Encyclopaedia 89 Francesca Rochberg The Catalogues of Enūma Anu Enlil 121 Eric Schmidtchen Esagil-kīn-apli’s Catalogue of Sakikkû and Alamdimmû 137 Ulrike Steinert Catalogues, Texts and Specialists: Some Thoughts on the Assur Medical Catalogue, Mesopotamian Medical Texts and Healing Professions 158 vi Table of Contents Part 2: Text Sources U.
    [Show full text]
  • With Roots in the Abzu and Crown in the Sky: Temple Construction in Between Myth and Reality
    With roots in the Abzu and crown in the sky: Temple construction in between myth and reality - A study of the Eninnu temple of the Gudea cylinders as divine house and cosmic link. Fig. 1: Statue of Gudea. Anne Rebekka Øiseth A dissertation presented to Institutt for Kulturstudier at the University of Oslo, for partial fulfilment of the degree of Master in History of Religion. August 2007 2 Preface The major background work for this dissertation consisted in reading through the entire text of the Gudea cylinders, from the original hand-copies of the cuneiform to comparing various translations. The opportunity to go through the text in this manner has been a priceless aid in the further work with this dissertation, and provided me with a familiarity with the Cylinders I would never otherwise have obtained. Hence, my sincerest thanks go to those individuals who made this a possible and, not least, entertaining and inspiring undertaking! I worked through Cylinder A together with Mr. Alexander Lange Ziesler, much of the time in his sitting room encouraged by his impressive red cat and many a strong coffee, during the best part of a year of regular reading sessions. Thank you for sharing so generously of your time and knowledge! Partly preceding and overlapping this period, we read through Cylinder B at the weekly seminar of the Norwegian Institute of Palaeography and Historical Philology, which is lead by Professor Jens Braarvig. It was here I was first introduced to the Gudea text and became inspired and encouraged to make its study my own project.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Draft (TRY)
    ! ! Fishing for Fish and Fishing for Men: Fishing Imagery in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East ! Dissertation ! Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the Graduate School of the The Ohio State University By Tyler Russell Yoder, M.A., B.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Samuel A. Meier, Adviser Daniel Frank Carolina López-Ruiz Brent Strawn ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Copyright by Tyler Russell Yoder 2015 ! ! ! ! ! ! Abstract ! This dissertation examines the use of fishing imagery within the Hebrew Bible and ancient Near Eastern literature up through the end of the Iron Age. Outside of the concluding chapter, this study comprises six major units. The introduction grounds the ensuing literary discussion in chapters 2-6 with a survey of the ichthyological and piscatorial evidence from the ancient Near East, as well as a comprehensive lexical study of the fishing terminology employed in the Hebrew Bible. The following five chapters, each of which is a self-contained unit, analyze the gamut of fishing references within the Hebrew Bible. Chapter two investigates the conceptual phenomenon of divine fishers in the ancient Near East and its relationship to Jer. 16:16-18. The third (Amos 4:1-3; Hab. 1:14-17; Ezek. 12:13-14; 17:16-21; 19:1-9) and fourth (Job 40:25-32; Ezek. 29:1-6a; 32:1-10) chapters build directly on this unit by unpacking the chief connotation of this phenomenon, whether directed against humans or monstrous fauna: divinely appointed exile.
    [Show full text]
  • Commentaar.Pdf
    University of Groningen De Babyloniaca van Berossos van Babylon de Breucker, Geert Eduard Eveline IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2012 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): de Breucker, G. E. E. (2012). De Babyloniaca van Berossos van Babylon: inleiding, editie en commentaar. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 29-09-2021 deel III Commentaar testImonIa T 1a [Syncellus, Ecloga chronographica, p. 28, r. 21-22 (ed.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Manuscript of Lugal-E, Tablet Iv
    IRAQ (2017) Page 1 of 8 Doi:10.1017/irq.2017.5 1 A NEW MANUSCRIPT OF LUGAL-E, TABLET IV By SAM MIRELMAN This study edits BM 48053, a newly identified Late Babylonian manuscript of the epic poem Lugal-e in the British Museum collection. This tablet, which is likely to come from Borsippa, contributes towards the reconstruction of Tablet IV of the epic in its late bilingual form. It is also of interest for its colophon, which specifies the swift return of the tablet following a same day loan, using the phrase ina mišil ūmīšu “in half a day” or perhaps “at midday”. The tablet edited here preserves the opening and closing lines of Tablet IV of Lugal-e on the obverse and reverse respectively.1 The obverse features the address of Šarur, Ninurta’s divine weapon, to Ninurta. The reverse recounts the Asag’s attack. This manuscript contributes towards the reconstruction of the text, particularly lines 144–147 and 175–179. In the case of at least three lines (147, 176 and 179), an improved reconstruction leads to important changes in sense. The manuscript is also of interest for subtle variations it introduces between the late manuscripts; examples include the variation in Sumerian grammatical forms in line 138, or the use of an alternative Akkadian verbal form in line 177. The tablet is also of interest for its fully preserved colophon, which includes the direction for the tablet to be returned to its owner within half a day, or possibly “at midday”. BM 48053 belongs to the 1881-11-03 collection of the British Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Marduk, the Canal Digger T
    Marduk, the Canal Digger T. Oshima University of Bucharest There is but little rain in Assyria. It is this which nourishes the roots of the corn; but it is irriga- tion from the river that ripens the crop and brings the grain to fulness . For the whole land of Babylon, like Egypt, is cut across by canals. The greatest of these is navigable: it runs towards where the sun rises in winter, from the Euphrates to another river, the Tigris, by which stood the city of Ninus. This land is of all known to us by far the most fertile in corn. Trees it does not even essay to grow, fig, vine, or olive, but its corn is so abundant that it yields for the most part two hundred fold, and even three hundred fold when the harvest is best . (Herodotus, I 193)1 The marru, “spade,” in ancient Mesopotamian art is generally considered to be the symbol of Marduk.2 Although it is very likely that this divine marru represents the divine image of Marduk himself or his primary role, there is no textual evidence available which explains the function of the spade of Marduk. It is not simple to find the clear-cut link between the two as each of them had a number of roles. On one hand, the marru, “spade,” was a tool of multiple usage: primary digging, but also ploughing, piling up dirt, and molding bricks.3 On the other hand, Marduk also had various aspects: the king of the gods, the creator of the universe, the god of salvation, the maintainer of watercourses, and the god of fertility.4 One may suggest a paronomasia—Marduk and marru.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology
    Orientalische Religionen in der Antike Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient Oriental Religions in Antiquity Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (ORA) Herausgegeben von / Edited by Angelika Berlejung (Leipzig) Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Annette Zgoll (Göttingen) 15 W. G. Lambert Ancient Mesopotamian Religion and Mythology Selected Essays Edited by A. R. George and T. M. Oshima Mohr Siebeck Wilfred G. Lambert (1926–2011), 1959–64 Associate Professor and Chair of Oriental Seminary, Johns Hopkins University; 1970–93 Professor of Assyriology, University of Birmingham; 1971 Fel- low of the British Academy; 2010 identification of pieces from a cuneiform tablet that was inscribed with the same text as the Cyrus Cylinder with Irving Finkel; also noted for his new discoveries in relation to the Gilgamesh text. Andrew R. George, born 1955; 1985 PhD in Assyriology under the supervision of Wilfred G. Lam- bert; since 1983 he has taught Akkadian and Sumerian language and literature at SOAS, University of London, where he is now Professor of Babylonian; 2006 Fellow of the British Academy; 2012 Honorary Member of the American Oriental Society. Takayoshi M. Oshima, born 1967; PhD in Assyriology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; 2008–10 Alexander-von-Humboldt fellow at the University of Leipzig in Germany; 2010–13 research fellow at the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena (project of the German Research Foun- dation (DFG)); since 2015 another DFG project at the University of Leipzig. ISBN 978-3-16-153674-8 / eISBN 978-3-16-160604-5 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2021 ISSN 1869-0513 (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
    [Show full text]
  • The Assyrian Dictionary
    oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EDITORIAL BOARD ROBERT D. BIGGS, JOHN A. BRINKMAN, MIGUEL CIVIL, WALTER FARBER, IGNACE J. GELB†, A. LEO OPPENHEIM†, ERICA REINER†, MARTHA T. ROTH, MATTHEW W. STOLPER 2006 PUBLISHED BY THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE, CHICAGO COPYRIGHT 2006 BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The preparation of this volume of the Assyrian Dictionary was made possible in part by a grant from the Division of Preserva- tion and Access of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent Federal agency. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER: 1–885923–43–0 (SET: 0-918986-05-2) LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 56–58292 Typesetting by Eisenbrauns, Inc., Winona Lake, IN 46590 Printed in the United States of America oi.uchicago.edu THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY VOLUME 19 T MARTHA T. ROTH, EDITOR-IN-CHARGE WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF HERMANN HUNGER, BURKHART KIENAST, AND MATTHEW W. STOLPER MANUSCRIPT EDITOR LINDA MCLARNAN oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu THIS VOLUME OF THE ASSYRIAN DICTIONARY IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF ERICA REINER AUGUST 4, 1924 –– DECEMBER 31, 2005 oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Foreword The manuscript drafts for this volume were written by Hermann Hunger, Burkhart Kienast, and Matthew W. Stolper. Martha T. Roth edited the ˜nal manuscript, as- sisted by Timothy J. Collins and David Testen. Comprehensive citation checking was accomplished by Robert D. Biggs, Gertrud Farber, Michael Kozuh, Erica Reiner, Martha T. Roth, and Matthew W. Stolper.
    [Show full text]