Bakalářská Práce

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Bakalářská Práce MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PEDAGOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra historie Obnovená liturgie v pohledu Marcela Lefebvra a Kn ěžského bratrstva sv. Pia X. Bakalá řská práce Brno 2013 Vedoucí práce: Autor práce: Dr. Petr Šikula Ond řej Pražák Bibliografický záznam PRAŽÁK, O. Obnovená liturgie v pohledu Marcela Lefebvra a Kn ěžského bratrstva sv. Pia X.: Bakalá řská práce. Brno: Masarykova universita, Fakulta pedagogická, Katedra historie, 2013. 71 s. Vedoucí bakalá řské práce Dr. Petr Šikula Anotace Tématem mé bakalá řské práce je Obnovená liturgie v pohledu Marcela Lefebvra a Kn ěžského bratrstva sv. Pia X. Práce má čty ři části. První část se zabývá liturgickou reformou Druhého vatikánského koncilu, p řičemž zohled ňuje historický vývoj koncilu i zmiňované liturgické reformy. Následn ě se problematika p řesouvá do pozic tradicionalistického arcibiskupa Lefebvra a jím založeného Kn ěžského bratrstva sv. Pia X. (FSSPX) Pozornost je sm ěř ována jak na historickou tak i ideologickou rovinu jeho života. T řetí část je již v ěnována problematice obnovené liturgie. D ůraz je kladen na hlavní body sporu v rámci nové mše a jejich p řípadn ě pozadí. Záv ěre čná část čtvrtá se zaobírá dv ěma tématy. První téma stru čně popisuje pokoncilní jednání mezi FSSPX a Vatikánem, druhé se pak v ěnuje objasn ění významného dokumentu Benedikta XVI. Summorum pontificum . Práce se opírá o díla českých i zahrani čních odborníku v oblasti liturgie a církevních dějin. Stranou pochopiteln ě nez ůstávají ani díla člen ů SSPX. Anotation This work is trying to look onto renewed liturgy in perspective of Marcel Lefebvre and the Society of St. Pius X. Work has four parts. The first part deals with the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council, and deals with the historical development of the council and already mentioned liturgical reform. Then, the issue is moving into positions of traditionalist Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre and his established fraternity (SSPX). Attention is directed to the historical and ideological level of his life. The third part deals with the renewed liturgy. It's focused on the main points of contention in the new Mass, and possibly it's background. Final part deals with two topics. The first topic briefly describes the post-conciliar discussions between the SSPX and the Roman Catholic Church, the second is focused to clarify important document of Benedict XVI. - Summorum pontificum. The work is based on the works of Czech and foreign experts in liturgy and church history. Also works of SSPX members naturally do not stay aside. Klí čová slova Liturgie, obnovená liturgie, reforma, Lefebvre, FSSPX, Druhý vatikánský koncil, papež, modernismus Key Words Liturgy, renewed liturgy, reform, Lefebvre, SSPX, The Second Vatican Council, pope, modernism Prohlášení „Prohlašuji, že jsem záv ěre čnou bakalá řskou práci vypracoval samostatn ě, s využitím pouze citovaných literárních pramen ů, dalších informací a zdroj ů v souladu s Disciplinárním řádem pro studenty Pedagogické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a se zákonem č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o zm ěně n ěkterých zákon ů (autorský zákon), ve zn ění pozd ějších p ředpis ů“. V Brn ě dne 15. dubna 2013 Ond řej Pražák Pod ěkování Touto cestou bych cht ěl velice pod ěkovat vedoucímu práce panu Dr. Petru Šikulovi za odborné i cenné rady, trp ělivost a ochotu p ři psaní mé bakalá řské práce. Obsah Úvod..................................................................................................................................8 1. Druhý vatikánský koncil, jeho historický kontext a reforma liturgie..................10 1.1 Historický kontext Druhého vatikánského koncilu ..................................................... 10 1.2. Struktura a periodizace Druhého vatikánského koncilu............................................ 13 1.3. Liturgická otázka........................................................................................................... 16 1.4 Liturgie od tridentského koncilu k liturgickému hnutí............................................... 16 1.5. Liturgické hnutí ............................................................................................................. 19 1.6. Liturgická reforma Druhého vatikánského koncilu................................................... 21 1.7 Provád ění liturgické obnovy .......................................................................................... 26 1.8 Projevy nesouhlasu ......................................................................................................... 30 2. Arcibiskup Marcel Lefebvre a Kn ěžské bratrstvo sv. Pia X.................................33 2.1 Stru čný životopis M. Lefebvra a jeho koncilní p ůsobení ............................................ 33 2.2 Liberalismus a modernismu v pohledu M. Lefebvra................................................... 38 2.3 Lefebvre v pokoncilním období a FSSPX..................................................................... 41 3. Obnovená liturgie v pohledu Lefebvra a FSSPX ...................................................46 3.1 Liturgický jazyk.............................................................................................................. 47 3.2 Hlavní problematické body nového misálu................................................................... 53 3.2.1 Definice mše .............................................................................................................. 53 3.2.2 Zbožná úcta p ři liturgii ............................................................................................ 55 3.2.3 Slavení eucharistie a ob ětní charakter ................................................................... 55 3.3 Oltá ř tvá ří k lidu a sm ěr modliteb................................................................................. 58 3.4 Všeobecné shrnutí liturgické obnovy v pohledu FSSPX ............................................. 62 4. Pokoncilní jednání s FSSPX a dokument Summorum Pontificum . ......................65 4.1 Summorum pontificum .................................................................................................... 65 4.2 Jednání po vydání Summorum pontificum .................................................................. 68 Záv ěr...............................................................................................................................70 Seznam literatury:.........................................................................................................73 Články z periodik:.........................................................................................................75 Internetové zdroje:........................................................................................................75 Elektronické dokumenty: .............................................................................................76 Akta apoštolského stolce/ Akta svatého stolce:.......................................................... 77 Vysv ětlivky: .................................................................................................................. 77 Úvod Dějiny římskokatolické církve znají celkem dvacet jedna ekumenických koncil ů1. Drtivá v ětšina z nich byla svolána, aby vy řešila v ěrou čné a právní spory, které v aktuální dob ě v církvi nastaly. Jinak tomu bylo s Druhým vatikánským koncilem. Ten ve svých dějinách svou otev řeností a pastorálním zam ěř ením nem ěl obdoby. Jeho záv ěry o klí čových otázkách církve a víry dali sv ětu ukázat n ěco zcela nového. Církev, která se již nechce uzavírat sama do sebe, nýbrž vést se sv ětem dialog. Církev, která není pouze viditelným a člen ěným spole čenstvím, nýbrž i jednotným živým organismem, který je schopen pou čení, který je schopen reagovat na aktuální dobu a provád ět d ůležité reformy, aniž by porušila svou dvoutisící v ěrou čnou tradici. Tak jsou vedle n ěkolika dekret ů a deklarací vytvo řeny čty ři klí čové konstituce – Sacrosanctum Concilium (O posvátné liturgii), Lumen gentium (V ěrou čná konstituce o církvi), Dei Verbum (V ěrou čná konstituce o Božím zjevení) a Gaudium et spes (Pastorální konstituce o církvi v dnešním sv ětě). O všech se na koncilu živ ě a dlouze diskutovalo. Žádná není p řijata jednoduše, a proto jsou také často odrazem kompromisu. I p řesto ur čily vývoj církve pro následující desetiletí. Tento vývoj, který Druhý vatikánský koncil nasm ěř oval, však nechápou pozitivn ě všichni. Naopak. V rámci římskokatolické církve se za čaly vy čle ňovat proudy a jednotlivci, kte ří koncil a jeho následující období chápou jako jasné a velmi závažné odchylování se od katolické nauky. Jedním z nejhlasit ějších odp ůrc ů se stal arcibiskup Marcel Lefebvre. Druhý vatikánský koncil považuje za „nejv ětší nešt ěstí v dějinách církve“. Mluví o revoluci a vít ězství „liberálních a modernistických“ nehodnot, jež v církvi prost řednictvím koncilu zako řenily. Koncil byl v jeho pojetí vít ězstvím zedná řské infiltrace a intrik, které vedou k bo ření církve svaté a apostasii. Dle jeho mín ění se uskute čnilo jen to, p řed čím minulí papežové horlící proti „modernismu a liberalismu“ v církvi varovali a bojovali. 2 Z tohoto d ůvodu Lefebvre zakládá p ět let po skon čení koncilu Kněžské bratrstvo sv. Pia X. (Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X. – dále nazýváno jen oficiální zkratkou 1 Ekumenický koncil neboli všeobecný sn ěm je setkání biskup ů celé církve na celém sv ěte. Pojem celá církev je pravoslavím vykládán tak, že zahrnuje všechny ortodoxní církve v plném
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