DOCSLIB.ORG

Species Composition of Trichinella in Domestic and Wild Animals in Bulgaria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Species Composition of Trichinella in Domestic and Wild Animals in Bulgaria Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2017 ONLINE FIRST ISSN 1311-1477; DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2038 Original article SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TRICHINELLA IN DOMESTIC AND WILD ANIMALS IN BULGARIA N. LALKOVSKI National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria Summary Lalkovski, N., 2017. Species composition of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals in Bulgaria. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. (online first). Four Trichinella species cause trichinellosis in Europe: Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nativа and Trichinella pseudospiralis. The aim of our study was to determine the prepon- derance of Trichinella species in Bulgaria. The research covered the period 2010–2016. Molecular analysis was performed with 120 Trichinella isolates. Two species were discovered: Trichinella bri- tovi and Trichinella spiralis. T. britovi predominated over T. spiralis – 113 isolates (94.17%) and 7 (5.83%) respectively. Both species were identified in domestic pigs and wild boars, with T. bri- tovi:T.spiralis ratios in 45:1 in wild boars and 1:1 in domestic pigs. T. britovi was the geographically more widespread species. It was found in samples from domestic and wild animals from all over the country, while T. spiralis has only been found in several areas. Key words: bear, badger, domestic pig, fox, jackal, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella spi- ralis, wild boar, wolf INTRODUCTION Trichinellosis is a foodborne disease that trichinellosis (Pozio & Zarlenga, 2005). affects skeletal muscle tissue of wild and According to FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines domestic carnivores and omnivores. The 11 genotypes are identified in the genus causative agents of this disease are ne- Trichinella (Anonymous, 2007). Two matodes belonging to the genus Trichi- main clades are recognised in the genus: nella, family Trichinellidae. By the mid- the first that encapsulates in host muscle dle of last century it was thought that the tissue and a second that does not. The cause of trichinellosis in all animal species representatives of eight genotypes have was the same – Trichinella spiralis. How- species names. The encapsulated clade ever, the implementation of molecular includes 5 species: T. spiralis – genotype biology methods proved the existence of T1, T. nativa – genotype T2, T. britovi – a significant diversity of species and dif- genotype T3, T. murrelli – genotype T5 ferences in the taxonomy, the geographi- and T. nelsoni – genotype T7 and three cal dissemination and the epidemiology of genotypes (Trichinella T6, T8 and T9), Species composition of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals in Bulgaria which invades mammals. The non- authors identified T. britovi in 4 wild encapsulated (acapsular) clade includes boars and T. spiralis in only one sample three taxonomically distinct species: T. from wild boar. Between 1995 and 2002, pseudospiralis – genotype T4, T. papuae 18 human outbreaks have been recorded – genotype T10 and T. zimbabwensis – (Petkova et al., 2008). In seven of them genotype T11. The first one invades the etiological agent was identified as T. mammals and birds and the other two spe- spiralis and in 11 outbreaks as T. britovi. cies – mammals and reptiles. The exis- In wild boars the authors determined only tence of genotype T12 isolated from a T. britovi whereas in domestic pigs – both cougar in Argentina is supposed (Krivo- species. kapich et al., 2008). The purpose of this research was to From epidemiological point of view conduct a more extensive survey on spe- there are two cycles of trichinellosis: sy- cies composition and distribution of nantropic (domestic) cycle where T. spi- agents of trichinellosis in domestic and in ralis is usually involved and in rare cases wild animals in our country. T. britovi, as well as a sylvatic cycle spe- cific for all Trichinella species and geno- MATERIALS AND METHODS types. The most commonly spread etiological The research covered the period 2010– agents of trichinellosis in European wild 2016. The isolated larvae of Trichinella and domestic animals are T. spiralis and were detected during the routine official T. britovi. Two other species – T. nativа control of samples obtained from meat and T. pseudospiralis are of minor impor- products, slaughtered domestic pigs, wild tance as pathogens in domestic animals pigs and shot wild carnivores. The studies (Pozio, 2007). According to Pozio et al. were carried out following the reference (2009) T. britovi is more widespread in method of digestion using a magnetic stir- the Member States of the European Union rer according to Regulation (EU) 2015/ and it can be found in 62.5% to 100% of 1375. A total number of 120 isolates were the samples. T. spiralis is widespread in typified and sorted as followed: 8 from Finland, Germany, Poland and Spain – domestic pigs, 92 from wild boars, 5 from 56.3% to 92.8% of the samples. In Roma- foxes, 3 from jackals, 3 from wolves, 3 nia, the ratio is 49.2% to 50.8% in favour from badgers, 1 from a bear, 3 from raw of T. britovi. T. britovi is more widespread dried sausage made of wild boar meat and than T. spiralis in wild carnivores – 89% 2 from minced meat (made of mixture of vs. 11% respectively. According to this domestic pig meat, beef meat/horse meat). research T. spiralis is more commonly Trichinella spp. larvae were identified at found in wild boars (62% vs. 38%), do- the species level by multiplex PCR, which mestic pigs (82% vs. 18%) and rodents allowed differentiating the eight species of (75% vs. 25% respectively). Trichinella and one of the genotypes – T6. In Bulgaria, Kurdova et al. (2004) in- Ninety one Trichinella spp. isolates vestigated parasite isolates obtained upon were tested in the European Union Refer- 15 epidemic outbreaks. Obtained results ence Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP) in showed the predominance of T. britovi Italy according to the laboratory protocol (etiological agent in 10 outbreaks) while (http://www.iss.it/binary/crlp/ cont/MI_02 T. spiralis was found in 5 outbreaks. The _WEB_SITE_REV_6.pdf). 2 BJVM, ××, No × N. Lalkovski Table 1. Species composition and distribution of causes of trichinosis in domestic and wild animals in Bulgaria in the period 2010–2016 District Hosts and sources Isolates number Species Blagoevgrad Wild boar 32 Trichinella britovi Burgas Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Jackal 1 Trichinella britovi Varna Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Minced meat (pig+beef ) 1 Trichinella spiralis Veliko Tarnovo Wild boar 3 Trichinella britovi Vidin Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Fox 1 Trichinella britovi Vratsa Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Gabrovo Wild boar 8 Trichinella britovi Wild boar 1 Trichinella spiralis Dobrich No isolates Kardzhaly Wild boar 6 Trichinella britovi Kyustendil Wild boar 3 Trichinella britovi Lovech Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Wild boar 1 Trichinella spiralis Montana Fox 1 Trichinella britovi Pazardzhik Badger 1 Trichinella britovi Fox 1 Trichinella britovi Pernik Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Pleven No isolates Plovdiv Wild boar 3 Trichinella britovi Jackal 1 Trichinella britovi Razgrad No isolates Rousse Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Sliven Wild boar 7 Trichinella britovi Smolyan Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Wolf 2 Trichinella britovi Fox 1 Trichinella britovi Silistra Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Fox 1 Trichinella britovi Sofia-town Wild boar 7 Trichinella britovi Domestic pig 2 Trichinella spiralis Domestic pig 2 Trichinella britovi Raw dried sausage 2 Trichinella britovi Sofia-district Wild boar 3 Trichinella britovi Domestic pig 1 Trichinella britovi Domestic pig 1 Trichinella spiralis Wolf 1 Trichinella britovi Minced meat (pig+ horse) 1 Trichinella spiralis Raw dried sausage 1 Trichinella britovi Stara Zagora Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Badger 1 Trichinella britovi Bear 1 Trichinella britovi Targovishte Wild boar 1 Trichinella britovi Haskovo Wild boar 2 Trichinella britovi Shumen Domestic pig (free ranging) 2 Trichinella britovi Jackal 1 Trichinella britovi Badger 1 Trichinella britovi Yambol No isolates BJVM, ××, No × 3 Species composition of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals in Bulgaria Twenty-nine samples were tested in the re widespread Trichinella species (Fig. 1) National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic found in samples from domestic pigs, wild Zoonoses, Sofia (Lalkovski et al., 2011). boars and wild carnivores from 24 dis- tricts of the country, while T. spiralis has been found in only 5 districts. RESULTS The results of the multiplex PCR for Tri- DISCUSSION chinella spp. isolates identification are shown in Table 1. The above mentioned results showed that Molecular analysis was performed trichinellosis in domestic pigs, wild boars with 120 larval isolates from 24 districts and wild carnivores in the country was of the country. Two species were disco- caused by two Trichinella species – T. vered: Trichinella britovi and Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi. According to Kur- spiralis. T. britovi was found in 113 dova et al. (2004) the same two species (94.17%) and T. spiralis in 7 (5.83%) caused human trichinellosis outbreaks. samples. Both types were found in domes- Our results confirm the opinion of Pozio tic pigs and wild boars. Concerning spe- et al. (2009), that in most countries of the cies prevalence, there was a predominance European Union, including Bulgaria, T. of T. britovi (97.83%) in wild boars com- britovi was the more prevalent species. T. pared to T. spiralis (2.17%). In domestic spiralis was detected in meat and meat pigs the ratio T. britovi:T.spiralis was 1:1. products in five backyard domestic pigs. In wild carnivores only T. britovi was Given that four of them originated from found. T. britovi is the geographically mo- two adjacent districts (Sofia-town and Vidin ROMANIA Ro u s se Dobrich Pleven Varna Shumen SERBIA Vratsa Veliko Tarnovo Gabrovo Sofia Sliven Pernik Burgas Stara Zagora Yambol Kyustendil Plovdiv Pazardzhik Blagoevgrad Haskovo TURKEY 50 km GREECE 30 mi Fig. 1. Geographical distribution of Trichnella britovi and Trichnella spiralis in Bulgaria (2010–2016); ● Trichinella britovi; ■ Trichinella spiralis 4 BJVM, ××, No × N.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Classification of Parasites BLY 459 First Lab Test (October 10, 2010)
    Classification of Parasites BLY 459 First Lab Test (October 10, 2010) If a taxonomic name is not in bold type, you will not be held responsible for it on the lab exam. Terms and common names that may be asked are also listed. I have attempted to be consistent with the taxonomic schemes in your text as well as to list all slides and live specimens that were displayed. In addition to highlighted taxa, be familiar with, material in lab handouts (especially proper nomenclature), lab display sheets, as well as material presented in lecture. Questions about vectors and locations within hosts will be asked. Be able to recognize healthy from infected tissue. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Class Turbellaria Dugesia (=Planaria ) Free-living, anatomy, X-section Bdelloura horseshoe crab gills Class Monogenea Gyrodactylus , Neobenedenis, Ergocotyle gills of freshwater fish Neopolystoma urinary bladder of turtles Class Trematoda ( Flukes ) Subclass Digenea Life-cycle stages: Recognize miracidia, sporocyst, redia, cercaria , metacercaria, adults & anatomy, model Order ?? Hirudinella ventricosa wahoo stomach Nasitrema nasal cavity of bottlenose dolphin Order Strigeiformes Family Schistosomatidae Schistosoma japonicum adults, male & female, liver granuloma & healthy liver, ova, cercariae, no metacercariae, adults in mesenteric intestinal veins Order Echinostomatiformes Family Fasciolidae Fasciola hepatica sheep & human liver, liver fluke Order Plagiorchiformes Family Dicrocoeliidae Dicrocoelium & Eurytrema Cure for All Diseases by Hulda Clark, Paragonimus
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Trichinella Antibodies in Breeding Pigs Farmed Under Controlled
    Pozio et al. Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:417 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04920-1 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Animal welfare and zoonosis risk: anti-Trichinella antibodies in breeding pigs farmed under controlled housing conditions Edoardo Pozio1, Mario Celli2, Alessandra Ludovisi1, Maria Interisano1, Marco Amati1 and Maria Angeles Gómez‑Morales1* Abstract Background: Domesticated pigs are the main source of Trichinella sp. infections for humans, particularly when reared in backyards or free‑ranging. In temperate areas of southern Europe, most pigs are farmed under controlled housing conditions, but sows and sometimes fattening pigs have access to outdoors to improve animal welfare. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether outdoor access of breeding pigs farmed under controlled housing conditions can represent a risk for Trichinella sp. transmission when the farm is located in an agricultural area interspersed with wooded areas and badlands, where Trichinella spp. could be present in wildlife. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 63 breeding sows and one boar before and after their access to an open fenced area for 2 months and from 84 pigs that never had outdoor access. Samples were screened for anti‑Trich- inella antibodies by ELISA, and positive sera were confrmed using Western blot (Wb) excretory/secretory antigens. To detect Trichinella sp. larvae, muscle tissues from serologically positive and negative pigs were tested by artifcial digestion. Results: Thirteen (20.6%) sows and one boar tested positive with both ELISA and Wb. No larvae were detected in muscle samples of serologically positive and serologically negative pigs. Positive serum samples were then tested by Wb using crude worm extract as antigens.
    [Show full text]
  • New Aspects of Human Trichinellosis: the Impact of New Trichinella Species F Bruschi, K D Murrell
    15 REVIEW Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pmj.78.915.15 on 1 January 2002. Downloaded from New aspects of human trichinellosis: the impact of new Trichinella species F Bruschi, K D Murrell ............................................................................................................................. Postgrad Med J 2002;78:15–22 Trichinellosis is a re-emerging zoonosis and more on anti-inflammatory drugs and antihelminthics clinical awareness is needed. In particular, the such as mebendazole and albendazole; the use of these drugs is now aided by greater clinical description of new Trichinella species such as T papuae experience with trichinellosis associated with the and T murrelli and the occurrence of human cases increased number of outbreaks. caused by T pseudospiralis, until very recently thought to The description of new Trichinella species, such as T murrelli and T papuae, as well as the occur only in animals, requires changes in our handling occurrence of outbreaks caused by species not of clinical trichinellosis, because existing knowledge is previously recognised as infective for humans, based mostly on cases due to classical T spiralis such as T pseudospiralis, now render the clinical picture of trichinellosis potentially more compli- infection. The aim of the present review is to integrate cated. Clinicians and particularly infectious dis- the experiences derived from different outbreaks around ease specialists should consider the issues dis- the world, caused by different Trichinella species, in cussed in this review when making a diagnosis and choosing treatment. order to provide a more comprehensive approach to diagnosis and treatment. SYSTEMATICS .......................................................................... Trichinellosis results from infection by a parasitic nematode belonging to the genus trichinella.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichinella Nativa in a Black Bear from Plymouth, New Hampshire
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2005 Trichinella nativa in a black bear from Plymouth, New Hampshire D.E. Hill Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, [email protected] H.R. Gamble National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.S. Zarlenga Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory & Bovine Functions and Genomics Laboratory C. Cross Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory J. Finnigan New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories, Concord Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Hill, D.E.; Gamble, H.R.; Zarlenga, D.S.; Cross, C.; and Finnigan, J., "Trichinella nativa in a black bear from Plymouth, New Hampshire" (2005). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 2244. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/2244 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Veterinary Parasitology 132 (2005) 143–146 www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Trichinella nativa in a black bear from Plymouth, New Hampshire D.E. Hill a,*, H.R. Gamble c, D.S. Zarlenga a,b, C. Coss a, J. Finnigan d a United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1044, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA b Bovine Functions and Genomics Laboratory, Building 1044, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA c National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA d The Food Safety Microbiology Unit, New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories, Concord, NH, USA Abstract A suspected case of trichinellosis was identified in a single patient by the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories in Concord, NH.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichinella Britovi
    Pozio et al. Parasites Vectors (2020) 13:520 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04394-7 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Diferences in larval survival and IgG response patterns in long-lasting infections by Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi and Trichinella pseudospiralis in pigs Edoardo Pozio1, Giuseppe Merialdi2, Elio Licata3, Giacinto Della Casa4, Massimo Fabiani1, Marco Amati1, Simona Cherchi1, Mattia Ramini2, Valerio Faeti4, Maria Interisano1, Alessandra Ludovisi1, Gianluca Rugna2, Gianluca Marucci1, Daniele Tonanzi1 and Maria Angeles Gómez‑Morales1* Abstract Background: Domesticated and wild swine play an important role as reservoir hosts of Trichinella spp. and a source of infection for humans. Little is known about the survival of Trichinella larvae in muscles and the duration of anti‑ Trichinella antibodies in pigs with long‑lasting infections. Methods: Sixty pigs were divided into three groups of 20 animals and infected with 10,000 larvae of Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi or Trichinella pseudospiralis. Four pigs from each group were sacrifced at 2, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months post‑infection (p.i.) and the number of larvae per gram (LPG) of muscles was calculated. Serum samples were tested by ELISA and western blot using excretory/secretory (ES) and crude antigens. Results: Trichinella spiralis showed the highest infectivity and immunogenicity in pigs and larvae survived in pig mus‑ cles for up to 2 years p.i. In these pigs, the IgG level signifcantly increased at 30 days p.i. and reached a peak at about 60 days p.i., remaining stable until the end of the experiment. In T. britovi-infected pigs, LPG was about 70 times lower than for T.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Spiralis
    Paper No. : 08 Biology of Parasitism Module : 26 Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Development Team Principal Investigator: Prof. Neeta Sehgal Head, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi Paper Coordinator: Dr. Pawan Malhotra ICGEB, New Delhi Content Writer: Dr. Rita Rath Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi Content Reviewer: Prof. Virender Kumar Bhasin Department of Zoology, University of Delhi 1 Biology of Parasitism ZOOLOGY Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Description of Module Subject Name ZOOLOGY Paper Name Biology of Parasitism- ZOOL OO8 Module Name/Title Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella Module Id 26; Morphology, Life Cycle, Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis Keywords Trichinosis, pork worm, encysted larva, striated muscle , intestinal parasite Contents 1. Learning Outcomes 2. History 3. Geographical Distribution 4. Habit and Habitat 5. Morphology 5.1. Adult 5.2. Larva 6. Life Cycle 7. Pathogenicity 7.1. Diagnosis 7.2. Treatment 7.3. Prophylaxis 8. Phylogenetic Position 9. Genomics 10. Proteomics 11. Summary 2 Biology of Parasitism ZOOLOGY Morphology, Life Cycle and Pathogenicity and Prophylaxis of Trichinella 1. Learning Outcomes This unit will help to: Understand the medical importance of Trichinella spiralis. Identify the male and female worm from its morphological characteristics. Explain the importance of hosts in the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis. Diagnose the symptoms of the disease caused by the parasite. Understand the genomics and proteomics of the parasite to be able to design more accurate diagnostic, preventive, curative measures. Suggest various methods for the prevention and control of the parasite. Trichinella spiralis (Pork worm) Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: Adenophorea Order: Trichocephalida Superfamily: Trichinelloidea Genus: Trichinella Species: spiralis 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Trichinellosis Outbreak Due to Wild Boar Meat Consumption in Southern
    Turiac et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:107 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2052-5 LETTERTOTHEEDITOR Open Access Trichinellosis outbreak due to wild boar meat consumption in southern Italy Iulia Adelina Turiac1,2, Maria Giovanna Cappelli2, Rita Olivieri3, Raffaele Angelillis3, Domenico Martinelli2, Rosa Prato2* and Francesca Fortunato2 Abstract We report a Trichinella britovi outbreak investigated during February-March 2016 in southern Italy. The source of infection was meat from infected wild boars that were illegally hunted and, hence, not submitted to post-mortem veterinary inspection. Thirty persons reported having eaten raw dried homemade sausages; five cases of trichinellosis were confirmed. Wild game meat consumers need to be educated about the risk for trichinellosis. Keywords: Trichinella britovi, Trichinellosis, Italy, Wild boar meat, Zoonosis Letter to the Editor presence of Trichinella, as per the EU legislation, and con- In the European countries, the wildlife and domestic sumed as raw dried homemade sausages. reservoirs of Trichinella spp. still pose a risk for humans, A 36 year-old hunter was admitted to the “Casa Sollievo leading to outbreaks. Wild carnivore mammals are of della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo city particular importance since a large number of hunted on 25 January 2016, suffering from fever (temperature animals escape veterinary control [1]. According to the 40–41 °C), myalgia, facial and periorbital swelling, epidemiological data the European Centre for Disease diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and night sweating. Prevention and Control (ECDC), trichinellosis is most These symptoms were developed 20 days before hospi- prevalent in eastern Europe but also in Italy and Spain talisation. Laboratory analysis showed marked eosinophilia where outbreaks were reported in the past 10 years [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Immunoproteomic Analysis of the Excretory-Secretory Products Of
    Wang et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:579 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2522-9 RESEARCH Open Access Immunoproteomic analysis of the excretory-secretory products of Trichinella pseudospiralis adult worms and newborn larvae Yang Wang1†, Xue Bai1†, Haichao Zhu1†, Xuelin Wang1, Haining Shi2, Bin Tang1, Pascal Boireau1,3, Xuepeng Cai4,5, Xuenong Luo5, Mingyuan Liu1,6* and Xiaolei Liu1* Abstract Background: The nematode Trichinella pseudospiralis is an intracellular parasite of mammalian skeletal muscle cells and exists in a non-encapsulated form. Previous studies demonstrated that T. pseudospiralis could induce a lower host inflammatory response. Excretory-secretory (ES) proteins as the most important products of host-parasite interaction may play the main functional role in alleviating host inflammation. However, the ES products of T. pseudospiralis early stage are still unknown. The identification of the ES products of the early stage facilitates the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the immunomodulation and may help finding early diagnostic markers. Results: In this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based western blotting coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS/MS) to separate and identify the T. pseudospiralis adult worms ES products immunoreaction-positive proteins. In total, 400 protein spots were separated by 2-DE. Twenty-eight protein spots were successfully identified using the sera from infected pigs and were characterized to correlate with 12 different proteins of T. pseudospiralis, including adult-specific DNase II-10, poly-cysteine and histidine-tailed protein isoform 2, serine protease, serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK3, enolase, putative venom allergen 5, chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 1, uncharacterized protein, peptidase inhibitor 16, death-associated protein 1, deoxyribonuclease II superfamily and golgin-45.
    [Show full text]
  • 1Hfo Lichtarge Lab 2006
    Pages 1–7 1hfo Evolutionary trace report by report maker July 28, 2010 4.3.1 Alistat 6 4.3.2 CE 6 4.3.3 DSSP 6 4.3.4 HSSP 7 4.3.5 LaTex 7 4.3.6 Muscle 7 4.3.7 Pymol 7 4.4 Note about ET Viewer 7 4.5 Citing this work 7 4.6 About report maker 7 4.7 Attachments 7 1 INTRODUCTION From the original Protein Data Bank entry (PDB id 1hfo): Title: The structure of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor from trichinella spiralis. CONTENTS Compound: Mol id: 1; molecule: migration inhibitory factor; chain: a, b, c, d, e, f; engineered: yes 1 Introduction 1 Organism, scientific name: Trichinella Spiralis; 1hfo contains a single unique chain 1hfoA (113 residues long) and 2 Chain 1hfoA 1 its homologues 1hfoF, 1hfoD, 1hfoC, 1hfoE, and 1hfoB. 2.1 Q9Y063 overview 1 2.2 Multiple sequence alignment for 1hfoA 1 2.3 Residue ranking in 1hfoA 1 2.4 Top ranking residues in 1hfoA and their position on the structure 1 2.4.1 Clustering of residues at 25% coverage. 1 2 CHAIN 1HFOA 2.4.2 Overlap with known functional surfaces at 2.1 Q9Y063 overview 25% coverage. 2 2.4.3 Possible novel functional surfaces at 25% From SwissProt, id Q9Y063, 98% identical to 1hfoA: coverage. 4 Description: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor like protein. Organism, scientific name: Trichinella spiralis (Trichina worm). 3 Notes on using trace results 5 Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Nematoda; Enoplea; Trichocepha- 3.1 Coverage 5 lida; Trichinellidae; Trichinella.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Prevention of Trichinella Infection in the Domestic
    FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis Editors J. Dupouy-Camet & K.D. Murrell Published by: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) World Health Organization (WHO) World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, of the World Health Organization and of the World Organisation for Animal Health concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations 'developed' and 'developing' economies are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country, territory or area in the development process. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, of the World Health Organization and of the World Organisation for Animal Health. All the publications of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) are protected by international copyright law. Extracts may be copied, reproduced, translated, adapted or published in journals, documents, books, electronic media and any other medium destined for the public, for information, educational or commercial purposes, provided prior written permission has been granted by the OIE. The views expressed in signed articles are solely the responsibility of the authors. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, WHO or OIE in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Insights Into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe
    foods Review Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe Robert Stryi ´nski 1,* , El˙zbietaŁopie ´nska-Biernat 1 and Mónica Carrera 2,* 1 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] 2 Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (M.C.) Received: 18 August 2020; Accepted: 27 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites’ transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided. Keywords: foodborne parasite; food; proteomics; biomarker; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) 1. Introduction Foodborne parasites (FBPs) are becoming recognized as serious pathogens that are considered neglect in relation to bacteria and viruses that can be transmitted by food [1]. The mode of infection is usually by eating the host of the parasite as human food. Many of these organisms are spread through food products like uncooked fish and mollusks; raw meat; raw vegetables or fresh water plants contaminated with human or animal excrement.
    [Show full text]
  • PREVALENCE and INTENSITY of NEMATODE PARASITES of Poecilia Reticulata PETERS (1859) in FOUR WASTEWATER DRAINS of LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
    PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OF NEMATODE PARASITES OF Poecilia reticulata PETERS (1859) IN FOUR WASTEWATER DRAINS OF LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA BY MOHAMMAD-MONZOOR ADEWOLE, AKINWALE B.SC. (Sokoto), M. SC (Ibadan) A Dissertation in the Department of Zoology, Submitted to the Faculty of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN FEBRUARY, 2013. ABSTRACT Poecilia reticulata (guppy) a common ornamental tropical fish is found in many wastewater drains in Nigeria. Guppies feed on copepods which are intermediate hosts of some nematode parasites of culturable fish species. The restriction on the importation of ornamental fishes into Nigeria has enhanced the demand for local species, usually sourced from the wild. There is dearth of information on the parasites of ornamental fishes in Nigeria. This study was aimed at determining prevalence and mean intensity of the nematode parasites of P. reticulata from four waste water drains in Lagos State. Sampling was carried out monthly using a 2 mm mesh-sized scoop net along selected drains at Igi-Olugbin Street (A), Basil Ogamba Street (B), Ahmadu Bello Road (C) and Adenaike Alagbe Street (D) between March, 2004 and February, 2005. The selected drains were contiguous to human habitation and industrial activities but each in different local government areas of Lagos State. Sixty female and sixty male samples were randomly selected from each drain for dissection and microscopy. Nematodes observed were identified using standard identification guides. Prevalence was determined as percentage infection in guppies examined. Intensity was determined as total parasite count per host. They were calculated in relation to sex of guppies and drain location for sample collection.
    [Show full text]