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Mary, the Us Bishops, and the Decade

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Mary, the Us Bishops, and the Decade REVEREND MONSIGNOR JOHN T. MYLER MARY, THE U.S. BISHOPS, AND THE DECADE OF SILENCE: THE 1973 PASTORAL LETTER “BEHOLD YOUR MOTHER WOMAN OF FAITH” A Doctoral Dissertation in Sacred Theology in Marian Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Sacred Theology DIRECTED BY REV. JOHANN G. ROTEN, S.M., S.T.D. INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON DAYTON, OHIO July 19, 2017 Mary, The U.S. Bishops, and the Decade of Silence: The 1973 Pastoral Letter “Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith” © 2017 by Reverend Monsignor John T. Myler ISBN: 978-1-63110-293-6 Nihil obstat: Francois Rossier, S.M.. STD Vidimus et approbamus: Johann G. Roten, S.M., PhD, STD – Director Bertrand A. Buby, S.M., STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson, S.M., PhD – Examinator Daytonensis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum die 19 Julii 2014. All Rights Reserved Under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Printed in the United States of America by Mira Digital Publishing Chesterfield, Missouri 63005 For my Mother and Father, Emma and Bernard – my first teachers in the way of Faith… and for my Bishops, fathers to me during my Priesthood: John Nicholas, James Patrick, Wilton and Edward. Abbreviations Used CTSA Catholic Theological Society of America DVII Documents of Vatican II (Abbott) EV Evangelii Nuntiandi LG Lumen Gentium MC Marialis Cultus MS Marian Studies MSA Mariological Society of America NCCB National Conference of Catholic Bishops NCWN National Catholic Welfare Conference PL Patrologia Latina SC Sacrosanctam Concilium USCCB United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Contents Introduction I. Focus of Study . xi II. A Short History of Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith . xiv III. Timeline – “Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith” . .xviii IV. Methodology Both Historical and Analytical. xx V. General Review of the Sources . xxii Chapter 1 – Historical Context: The U.S. Bishops and Mary Before, During and After the Council 1.1 The U.S. Bishops and Mary in the Years Before the Council . 1 1.1a On Doctrine: The Marian Dogmas and the Voices of the U.S. Bishops. 1 1.1b On Devotion: The Bishops and the Swelling Voices of Marian Devotion ���������������������������� 6 1.1c Really a “Crescendo”? The U.S. Bishops’ Expectations for the Council . 16 1.2 The U.S. Bishops and Mary During the Council ����������������������������� 21 1.2a U.S. Bishops Hear the “Periti” ����������������������������������������� 21 1.2b The Bishops’ Vote: “Stunned Silence” . 24 1.2c World-wide Echoes: Interpretations by the Press and Theologians �������������������� 28 1.2d Echoes One Year Later – Final Vote and “Mother of the Church” . 31 1.3 The U.S. Bishops and Mary After the Council �������������������������������� 34 1.3a Effects of Vatican II Theology on Marian Devotion: A Confusion of Voices. 34 1.3b The Effects of the Societal Explosions of the 1960’s . 39 1.3c The Silence about Mary . 42 Chapter 2 – NCCB Debate, Decision and Direction on a Marian Pastoral Letter 2.1 The NCCB, Other Bishops’ Conferences and Other Letters ����������� 61 2.1a Background of the NCCB. 61 2.1b A 1967 Pastoral Letter: “The Church in Our Day” ����������� 63 2.1c The Marian Pastorals of Other Bishops’ Conferences . 64 The Bishops of Holland.. 64 The Bishops of Australia. �������������������������������������������� 67 The Bishops of Poland. 68 2.2 The Work of the Mariological Society of America �������������������������� 70 2.3 The Bishops, the Catholic Press and the Catholic People . 72 2.4 The Question Before the Shrine Board/Response of Theologians �� 76 2.5 Correspondence Between the Cardinals . 81 2.5a Cardinal Carberry’s Letter of Request . 82 2.5b Cardinal Dearden’s Hesitant Response ����������������������������� 84 2.6 The Bishops Preliminary Outline – The Committee’s First Meetings ����������������������������������������������������� 90 2.6a Father Carroll’s “Towards a Pastoral on Our Lady” . 94 2.6b The Second Meeting of the Bishops’ Ad Hoc Committee 95 2.6c A Request from a Woman . 96 Chapter 3 – The Work of the Theologians and the Bishops 3.1 “Draft A” — March 1972 . 107 3.1a Review of “Draft A”. 108 3.1b The ad hoc Committee’s Responses to “Draft A”. 110 3.1c A Suggestion About Including Women ����������������������������112 3.2 “Draft B”- July 1972 . 113 3.2a An Attempt to “Shelve” the Letter? . 113 3.2b “Draft B” — Review . 115 3.2c The Bishops’ First Replies: Modi on “Draft B”. 118 3.2d Presidents of Mariological Society and Catholic Theological Societies . 121 3.3 “Draft C” — February 1973 . 123 3.3a Ad Hoc Committee Meeting of September 1972 ������������ 123 3.3b Modi from the Vatican. 125 3.3c Review of “Draft C”. 127 3.3d The Impact of Roe v. Wade . 128 3.3e The Bishops’ Second Set of Modi. 130 3.4 “Draft D” — April 1973 . 134 3.4a A Stylist for the Pastoral Letter ��������������������������������������� 135 3.4b Review of Draft D. 135 3.4c The Bishops’ Regional Voting. 137 3.4d Introduction and Title ������������������������������������������������������ 141 Chapter 4 – Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith : Synthesis and Analyses 4.1 A Synthesis of the U.S. Bishops’ Pastoral Letter ��������������������������� 149 4.2 Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith and Lumen Gentium Chapter VIII . 156 4.2a “The Biblical Movement”. 161 4.2b “The Patristic Movement”. 164 4.2c “The Ecclesiological Movement” . 167 4.2d “The Heilsgeschichte (Salvation History) Movement” 171 4.2e “The Liturgical Movement”. 173 4.2f “The Missionary Movement” ������������������������������������������ 175 4.2g “The Ecumenical Movement”. 176 4.3 Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith and Marialis Cultus . 179 4.3a The Trinitarian Aspect. 182 4.3b The Christogoical Aspect ������������������������������������������������ 183 4.3c The Ecclesiological Aspect ��������������������������������������������� 184 4.3d The Biblical Guidelines . 186 4.3e The Liturgical Guidelines . 187 4.3f The Ecumenical Guidelines . 188 4.3g The Anthropological Guidelines . 189 Chapter 5 — Conclusion: The Time after Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith 5.1 The Implementation of Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith ������ 200 5.2 The Validation of the Pastoral Letter. 203 5.2a Validation from Marialis Cultus and Other Bishops’ Letters. 203 5.2b Validation from Evangelii Nuntiandi ������������������������������ 206 5.2c Validation in the Marian Direction of John Paul II ��������� 208 5.2d Validation from Benedict XVI . 210 Sources. 217 Oral History – Interview — Eamon R. Carroll, O Carm . 229 Index . 259 Introduction I. Focus of Study Fall 1963: On October 29, 1963, the Bishops of the United States played a pivotal role in the Vatican II vote to incorporate a previously separate document on the Virgin Mary as a single chapter in the schema “on the Church,” the Dogmatic Constitution Lumen Gentium. Before the vote was taken, the day’s moderator, Gregorio Cardinal Agagianian, assured the Council Fathers gathered in Saint Peter’s that: No vote on either side can be construed as constituting any lessening of the dignity of the Blessed Virgin or any diminution of her preeminent role the Church.1 The assurance given at the Council that day proved almost immediately problematic. The decision to combine the schema on Our Lady with the schema on the Church was made by 1,114 Bishops voting in favor and 1,070 voting in opposition; the required majority was only 1,097. Thus, by a margin of 17 votes, the Bishops in Council had made a decision, but had shown a virtual 50–50 split on the Marian question. The next morning, Americans read front-page newspaper headlines such as: “Council Votes to De-Emphasis Mary” – The Rome American “Schema on Mary Barred in Rome” – The New York Times “Victory for Minimalists, Christian Unity” – The New York Herald Tribune 2 xi The newspapers reported correctly that in the Council hall itself, when the results of the voting had been announced, there was none of the usual applause – only silence. Fall 1973: An uneasy decade later – called by some “the decade of silence about Mary” – the Bishops of the United States issued their first-ever Pastoral Letter on the Virgin: Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith. John Cardinal Carberry of St. Louis announced in Washington, D.C. on Nov. 21, 1973: “Through our pastoral letter, we, your Bishops, hope to set aside completely the report that Vatican Council II had de-emphasized love and devotion to Mary.”3 In the post-Conciliar years, the previously-thundering sounds of Marian devotion in the U.S. Church were stilled. Mary’s role in the Church became unclear to many. The decade from 1963 and 1973 did indeed seem to be the time of a “Marian crisis.” The reasons were many and varied. Cardinal Newman had written that there had seldom been a Council without great confusion after it.4 Rene Laurentin identified seven “movements” which inevitably affected the Church and Mariology immediately before, during and after the Council. Eamon R. Carroll, O.Carm., the principal author of Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith, maintained that “there was unrest…seething like a volcano. Something had to give, and it blew up in an extremely common, recognizable aspect of Roman Catholic life – devotion to Our Lady, in all its manifestations.”5 This study is the first and only in-depth history and analysis of the U.S. Bishops’ Behold Your Mother Woman of Faith. The Pastoral Letter was written in response to the crisis in Marian devotion, often traced to the 1963 conciliar decision on Mary and Lumen Gentium. That vote demonstrated a polarization among the Council Fathers not unlike that which was to manifest itself frequently in the U.S.
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