In Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan
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Jpn. ). Infect. Dis., 53, 2000 present reglmenS Of the combined therapy have to be further Viro1., 37, 303-306. evaluated. lt will be also important to take measures fわr 2. Hoshiba, T.,Asamoto,A. and Yabuki,A. (1998): Decreased preventmg mother-to-child CMV infection, such as treatment incidence ofanti-cytomegalovirus antibody positive preg- with hyperimmune anti-CMV sera or vaccination (4). nant women. Nihon-Rinsho, 56, 193-I 96 (in Japanese). 3. Kovacs, A., Schluchter, M., Easley, K., Demmler, G., Shearer, W., La Russa, P., Pitt, J., Cooper, E., Goldfarb, REFERENCES J., Hodes, D., Kattan, M. and Mclntosh, K. (1999): 】. Hirota, K., Muraguchi, KリWatabe, N., Okumura, M., Cytomegalovirus infection and HIV- 1 disease progres- Kozu, M., Takahashi, K., Machida, Y., Funayama, Y., sion in infants bom to HIV-1-iTlfected women. N. Engl. Oshima, T･ and Numazaki, Y. (1992): Prospective study J. Med., 341, 77-84. on maternal, intrauterine, and perinatal infections with 4. Marodi, L. (2000): CMV in HIV-infected newborns. cytomegalovirus in Japan during 1976-1990. J. Mらd. Pediatr. Res,, 47, 173. Laboratory and Epidemiology Communications The First Reported Case of J叩aneSe Spotted Fever in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan Shinichi Takao*, Yoshiro Kawadal, Motohiko Ogawa2, shinji Fukuda, Ⅵlkie Shimazu, Masahiro Noda and Shizuyo Tbkumoto Dt'vision ofMicrobio/ogy II. Hiroshima Prefectural Institute ofHealth and EnviflOnment, Minami一machi 1-6-29, Minami-ku, Hir10Shima 734-0007, 1Department of Dermatology, Onomichi Municipal Hospital, Shin-takayama 2-ll 70-I 77, Onomichi 722-8503 and 2Department of Virology II, National Institute of lnfectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Too,0 162-8640 Communicated by Hiroo lnouye (Accepted November 21 , 2000) The spotted fever group rickettsioses, which are transmitted by ticks, have a worldwide distribution. Japanese spotted fever (JSF), one of the newcomers to this group, was first reported in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan in 1984 (112). The causative千gent orJSF was isolated in 1986 (3) and named Rt'ckettsiaJaPOnica (4). FoHowlng that, surveillance for JSF was started by the Working Group fわr Tsutsugamushi Disease Surveillance, which is composed of munlCIPal public health institutes and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Japan. Accord- lng tO the surveillance information provided by this group, a total of over 200 JSF cases have been reported &om 10 different prefectures between 1984 and 1998, With the JSF-endemic prefectures alHocated on the Pacific coast except for Shimane and Hyogo Prefectures (5). On the other hand, there have been no reports ofJSF from the prefectures located along the Seto Inland Sea coast except for Hyogo and Wakayama Prefectures (Figure). In this paper, We report the first case ofJSF in Hiroshima Prefecture determined by serologlCal diagnosis. An 82-year-old man from Onomichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, visited a local clinic on October 8, 1 998, complain- ing ofa fever (37･8oC), head ache, general fatigue, and rash. *Co汀eSpOnding author: Fax:十8 1 -82-252-8642, E-mail: takao@ Figure･ Geographic distribution of JSF positive case by prefecture, 1984-1998, Japan. urban. ne.J p 216 Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 53, 2000 Table. Indirect irrmuno爪uorescent andbody dter against Ricke胎1'ajaponl'ca and A-enh'a肋Esugamzehl' Antibody liter by: Days after onset R L-ckeEts ia japan l'ca Orientfa Esutsygamush t' Date or illness (YH strain) (Kato, Karp, Gilliam strains) IgG IgM IgG IgM Oct. 14, 1999 7 <20 V_ 6V0 0 0 <10 <10 Nov. ll, 1999 35 40 <10 <10 Apr. ll, 2000 187 160 <10 <10 Faropeneum sodium, fosfomyclne, and isepamyclne Sulfate shown in this report, we propose a careful monitonng ofJSF were administered for several days without effect,and he was as an emerglng infectious disease eveninareas non-endemic admitted tothe Onomichi Municipal Hospital, where he was for JSF. treatedwith minocycline hydrochloride for 4 weeks until he recovered･ His clinical symptoms on admission were high REFERENCES fever (40.OoC), erythematous eruption, eschar on the right side of his back, reglOnal lymphadenopathy, and hepatosple- 1. Mahara, F.(1 984):Three Weil-Felix reaction (OX2) posi- nomegaly. A few days before the onset ofillness, he had been tive cases with skin eruptions and high fever. J. Anan. engaged in forestry activities and farming near his house. At Med.Assoc., 68, 4-7 (in Japanese). first sight, the epidemiologlCal states and clinical symptoms 2. Mahara, F., Koga, K., Sawada, S., Taniguchi, T･, Shigemi, were like those or tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus). F., Suto, T., Tsuboi, Y., Oya, A., Koyama, H., Uchiyama, However, serodiagnoses of the acute-and convalescent-phase T. and Uchida, T. (1985): The flrSt report Oftherickettsial sera by means of indirect immunonuorescence assay using infections of spotted fever group in Japan; three climical Orientia tsutsugamushi antigen (Kato, Karp, and Gilliam cases. J. Jpn.Assoc. Infect. Dis., 59, 1165-1 172 (in Japa- strains) and R. japonica antigen (YH strain) revealed it to nese). be JSF infection.Asshown in Table, while no specific anti- 3. Uchida, T. ( 1 993): Rickettsiajaponica, the edologic agent bodies to 0. lsutsugamushi or R.japonica were found in the of oriental spotted fever. Microbiol. Immuno1., 37, 9 ll acute-phase serum, R.japonica-specific IgG (I :40) and IgM 102. (1 : 160) antibody were found in the serum collected on the 4. Uchida, T., Uchiyama, T., Kumano, K. and Walker, D. 35th day aRerthe onset of illness. The patient's IgGantibody H. (1 992): Rickettsiajaponica sp. nov., the etiological titer further increased to 1 : 160 at 6 months (187 days) after agent of spotted fever grouprickettsiosis in Japan. Int. J. the onset of illness. No increase ofanti-0. tsutsugamushi anti- Syst. Bacterio1., 42, 3031305. body was seen. 5. National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infectious JSF is not commonly recognized by clinicians, because Disease Control Division, Minisby ofHealthand Welfare outbreaks of JSF have been sporadic and limited. However, (1999): Japanese spotted fever. Infect. Agents Survei1- since the endemic area of JSF appears to be expanding, as lance Rep., 20, 211'-212'. Laboratory and Epidemiology Commumications Computer Simulation of SuⅣival of Mutants under Non-Selective Condition Yoshimitsu Yanaka, Ken-Ichi Hanaki, Hiroshi Yoshikura and Kenji Yamamoto* Department of Medical Ecology and lnformatics, International Medical Center ofJapan, Toyama I-21-I, Shinjuku-ku, Tob70 162-8655 Communicated by Hiroshi Yoshikura (Accepted November 22, 2000) The horizontal transmission of dmg resisやce PR) markers acquired DR from GMO-derived food (thoughthis event has from genetically modified foods (GMO) to Intestinal bacteria not been unequivocally demonstrated) Canpersist inthe over- and their persistence are important issues in the recent whelming number of resident bacteria in the intestines. debate on the safetyof GMO-derived food. This paper deals The simulation was performed based on the followlng with the latter question, i.e., whether bacteria which once premises. The bacterial nora consisted of a slngle species. The replication rate was the same for the wild type and the 'Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] mutant, and there was no selection advantage for either. The 217.