DOCSLIB.ORG

Gamtoos Estuary Management Plan Volume I Situation Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gamtoos Estuary Management Plan Volume I Situation Assessment Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. C.A.P.E. ESTUARIES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME GAMTOOS ESTUARY MANAGEMENT PLAN VOLUME I SITUATION ASSESSMENT (STATE OF PLAY REPORT) Produced by: Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. P.O. Box 94 Grahamstown 6140 Produced for: Cape Nature December 2007 C.A.P.E. Estuaries Management Programme; Gamtoos Estuary Management Plan: Situation Assessment 1 Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. 1. INTRODUCTION Estuarine ecosystems are not isolated systems. They form an interface between marine and freshwater systems and are part of regional, national and global ecosystems either directly via water flows or indirectly through the movement of fauna. In addition to the biota that these estuaries support, they provide a range of goods and services (uses) to the inhabitants of the various regions. Disturbances in one estuary can influence a wide variety of habitats and organisms in the broader freshwater or marine ecosystem. Thus, the interaction between the systems and users creates a delicate balance, the sustainability of which needs to be addressed by some form of management plan. In order to address this balance in a consistent manner in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), the Cape Action for People and the Environment (C.A.P.E.) Estuaries Management Programme has developed a holistic and inclusive management process representative of all stakeholders. The programme is governed by a Task Team comprising of officials from C.A.P.E., CapeNature, Marine and Coastal Management (MCM), the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (DWAF), the Eastern Cape Parks Board (ECPB) and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), which heads the technical support group. The urgent need for Estuary Management Plans (EMPs) became apparent during the development of the new Integrated Coastal Management Bill. Estuaries and the management thereof have not been adequately addressed by past marine, freshwater and biodiversity conservation Acts. Estuaries and estuaries management have been marginalized due to the fact that they do not fit the ambit of any one government Department. Estuaries and the management thereof now form an integral part of the new Integrated Coastal Management Bill which outlines a National Estuarine Management Protocol. The protocol identifies the need for the development of EMPs, as these would help to align and coordinate estuaries management at a local level. Approximately 62 estuaries exist within the CFR. These vary from small relatively simple systems to large complex systems. In order to create a focal area within which the programme can be initiated, six priority estuaries were identified at a stakeholder workshop (proceedings available on request). These priority estuaries are located on the following six rivers: the Olifants, Breede, Heuningsnes, Klein, Knysna and Gamtoos. Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. has been contracted by Cape Nature to address the development and implementation of an (EMP) for the Gamtoos estuary. This report fulfills the requirements of Objective 1, namely a Situation Assessment, and is presented in the form of a State of Play or SOP Report. 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE OBJECTIVE 1: SITUATION ASSESSMENT The consultant is expected to review all existing local information in the form of local research reports and management processes. This information can be obtained from Local Authorities and forums. A map of the estuary should be developed identifying different habitats and potential and existing management zones. The map should identify and record all developments in at least a 500m zone surrounding the estuary. The possible direct impacts of these and other local developments should be noted. C.A.P.E. Estuaries Management Programme; Gamtoos Estuary Management Plan: Situation Assessment 2 Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. The description of the current situation should include information on: • Legal requirements relevant to the specific estuary • Requirements stipulated under existing institutional Management Strategies such as Catchment Management Strategies, IDP (including SDF and Water Development Services Plan), Ramsar & National Heritage Site Strategies, Protected Area & Conservation Plans (C.A.P.E. Estuaries) relevant to the specific estuary • the Biophysical environment (present Ecological Health & Important physical processes) • the Socio-Economic environment (e.g. demographics & economic profile, land-use and planning provisions, cultural & heritage resources, water supply & demand, waste management etc.) • Conservation Planning • The Exploitation of living resources • Mariculture activities • Resource Directed Measures, e.g. Classification, Reserve and RQO • Current institutional structures governing estuarine issues The estuary should be represented spatially in the form of a GIS Map indicating the following: • Important biophysical features • All protected/conservation areas • Areas earmarked for rehabilitation • Land-use and planning provisions of surrounding lands • Infrastructure • Cultural & heritage sites • Recreational activities • Living resource exploitation • Mariculture activities • Wastewater discharges • Stormwater drains • Solid waste dump sites. Finally, an assessment of the opportunities and constraints (e.g. legal obligations, constraints of tenure, prior usage, health and safety, natural hazards) should be done to guide the development of the EMP. 3. PROJECT TEAM Overall responsibility for the project lies with Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. The project and team will be managed by Dr Tim Andrew of EFA; Dr Aidan Wood from Gleneagles Environmental Consulting CC is the project coordinator and will provide specialist input where required; Dr Warren Potts, a post-doctoral student in Ichthyology at Rhodes University, will provide specialist input with regards living resource exploitation and the bio- physical aspects of the estuary; Dr Rob Palmer from Nepid Consultants will provide specialist input with regards the catchment, water use and water requirements; and Dr Albrecht Goetz from the South African Environmental Observation Network will be responsible for all mapping and GIS work. 4. BIO-PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION C.A.P.E. Estuaries Management Programme; Gamtoos Estuary Management Plan: Situation Assessment 3 Enviro-Fish Africa (Pty) Ltd. 4.1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The Gamtoos estuary (33º58’S; 25º04’E) is a medium/large, permanently open, shallow mud- dominated turbid system, entering the sea through a dynamic coastal dunefield, with a shallow (< 1.5 m) tidal inlet when the estuary is not in flood. Historically however, the estuary has not always been open to the sea. During the drought in the late 1950s up until 1960, the mouth was closed. A flood in 1961 opened the mouth on the eastern shore (Salme 1994) but by 1969 the mouth of the estuary had closed again. However during the1971 floods, there were five mouth openings of which the biggest was 4.2 km west of the position in the early 1960’s. The previous opening eventually closed forming a tidal inlet or lagoon on the eastern shore (Marais 1983). Since the early 1980s, the mouth position has remained relatively stable and at the time of this survey (5 – 9 November 2007) was to the right of the abandoned tidal inlet referred to as "Gamtoos Lagoon", which is shallow (< 1.8 m), navigable only on a fuller tide, with a maximum width of ∼ 200 m (Heinecken 1981; Reddering and Scarr 1990). The mouth itself is narrow (< 50 m) at its closest point to the sea, but widens to ~250 m for the first 1.5 km upstream where there is an extensive flood tide delta. This area hosts a variety of wading and other sea birds, including a large number of the endangered Oyster Catcher. The estuary remains relatively wide in the middle reaches and the main channel deepens to ~4 m. From 7 km upstream (approximately opposite the Ferry Hotel) the estuary is channeled and narrows to < 100 m with steep banks and a narrow intertidal region dominated by Phragmites reed beds. The channel at this point is shallow (< 2.5 m), and the depth gradually gets less until it measures < 1.0 m deep at the tidal head some 20 km upstream (Schlacher and Wooldridge 1996). The exact position of this tidal head is also transitory and its distance from the mouth depends on the degree of river scouring and the amount of freshwater input into the system. The catchment area that drains into the tributaries of the Gamtoos is extensive (±34 500 km 2), and extends far into the interior. An average of <600 mm of rain falls in the catchment annually, and dams are required to conserve freshwater for agricultural, industrial and private requirements (Schumann and Pearce 1997). There are three major dams on the catchment, including the Kouga Dam, that have reduced the supply of freshwater to the estuary. The total storage capacity of the main reservoirs is between 249 and 255 x 10 6 m3, which equates to 3 approximately half of the mean annual runoff of the catchment (495 to 501 x 10 6 m ; Jezewski and Roberts 1986; Midgley et al . 1994; van Niekerk and Huizinga 2003). Evaporation and abstraction of river water further reduce freshwater flow to the estuary, and in 1997, mean freshwater flow into the Gamtoos was estimated at <1 m3 s -1 (Schumann and Pearce 1997). Agricultural pollution has been a cause for concern in the Gamtoos Estuary for some time. Marais (1983) noted high NO 2 levels in the upper catchment and attributed it to intensive farming in the Patensie floodplain. Van Niekerk and Huizinga (2003) noted that an extensive surface and subsurface agricultural drainage system directs runoff from the low-lying Loerie Flats region into an agricultural drainage pipe that empties into the estuary 16.5 km from the mouth. Outflow at the pipe has been measured at between 0.07 and 11 l s -1 (Schumann and Pearce 1997). The contribution of water to the estuary was considered insignificant, but nutrient concentrations, particularly in the upper estuary, were significant. The agricultural drainage pipe which discharges runoff from an area of approximately 50 ha and throughflow from the upper 1.2 m of soil into the estuary, gives an indication of the contribution of nutrients from surface runoff of the agricultural fields to the estuary.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Moving People and Goods in the Gamtoos Valley: a Revealing Case Study
    MOVING PEOPLE AND GOODS IN THE GAMTOOS VALLEY: A REVEALING CASE STUDY van der Mescht, J. Department of Civil Engineering, Port Elizabeth Technikon, Private Bag X6011, Port Elizabeth, 6000 South Africa. Tel: +2741 5043550. Fax: +2741 5043491. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Primary transportation infrastructure in the Gamtoos Valley, a fertile agricultural district located to the west of Port Elizabeth, consists of a single-lane surfaced road namely Route 331, as well as a narrow gauge railway line. While the road pavement is in a poor condition due to lack of maintenance and extensive damage caused by an increasing number of heavy vehicles, the rail service is under-utilised and its future uncertain. The railway is used exclusively for the conveyance of export fruit via the Port Elizabeth harbour and is only operational for the duration of the citrus season that lasts from the beginning of April till the end of October. This paper reports on a preliminary investigation into the possibility of shifting passengers and freight from road to rail in order to relieve the pressure on the road system, to optimise the use of existing transportation facilities and to preserve and extend the working life of valuable road and rail assets. The logistics of hauling both imported and exported goods were analysed to establish what portion thereof could probably be moved by rail instead of by road. Other issues that were looked at included the offering of rail concessions to private companies, the introduction of a passenger service between Loerie and Patensie and the impact that current policies of the national rail operator, Spoornet, have on the provision of a satisfactory service to existing and potential rail clients.
    [Show full text]
  • Water for Food and Ecosystems in the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve Land and Water Resources Assessment in the Baviaanskloof, Easter
    Water for Food and Ecosystems in the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve Land and water resources assessment in the Baviaanskloof, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa H.C. Jansen Alterra-report 1812 Alterra, Wageningen, 2008 ABSTRACT Jansen, H.C., 2008. Walerfor bood and hicosystems in the baviaanskloofMega Reserve. IMnd and water resources assessment in the Baviaanskloof,Hastern Cape Province, South Africa. Wageningen, Alterra, Alterra-report 1812. 80 pages; 21 figs.; 6 tables.; 18 refs. This report describes the results of the land and water assessment for the project 'Water for Food and Ecosystems in the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve'. Aim of the project is to conserve the biodiversity in a more sustainable way, by optimizing water for ecosystems, agricultural and domestic use, in a sense that its also improving rural livelihoods in the Baviaanskloof. In this report an assessment of the land and water system is presented, which forms a basis for the development and implementation of land and water policies and measures. Keywords: competing claims, IWRM, land management, nature conservation, policy support, water management, water retention ISSN 1566-7197 The pdf file is tree of charge and can he downloaded vi«i the website www.ahctra.wur.nl (go lo Alterra reports). Alterra docs not deliver printed versions ol the Altena reports. Punted versions can be ordered via the external distributor. I-or oidcrmg have a look at www.li tx> ni l) ljtl.nl/mppcirtc ilser vice . © 2008 Alterra P.O. Box 47; 6700 AA Wageningen; The Netherlands Phone: + 31 317 484700; fax: +31 317 419000; e-mail: info.alterra@,wur.nl No part of this publication may be reproduced or published in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system without the written permission of Alterra.
    [Show full text]
  • Misgund Orchards
    MISGUND ORCHARDS ENVIRONMENTAL AUDIT 2014 Grey Rhebok Pelea capreolus Prepared for Mr Wayne Baldie By Language of the Wilderness Foundation Trust In March 2002 a baseline environmental audit was completed by Conservation Management Services. This foundational document has served its purpose. The two (2) recommendations have been addressed namely; a ‘black wattle control plan’ in conjunction with Working for Water Alien Eradication Programme and a survey of the fish within the rivers was also addressed. Furthermore updated species lists have resulted (based on observations and studies undertaken within the region). The results of these efforts have highlighted the significance of the farm Misgund Orchards and the surrounds, within the context of very special and important biodiversity. Misgund Orchards prides itself with a long history of fruit farming excellence, and has strived to ensure a healthy balance between agricultural priorities and our environment. Misgund Orchards recognises the need for a more holistic and co-operative regional approach towards our environment and needs to adapt and design a more sustainable approach. The context of Misgund Orchards is significant, straddling the protected areas Formosa Forest Reserve (Niekerksberg) and the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve. A formidable mountain wilderness with World Heritage Status and a Global Biodiversity Hotspot (See Map 1 overleaf). Rhombic egg eater Dasypeltis scabra MISGUND ORCHARDS Langkloof Catchment MAP 1 The regional context of Misgund Orchards becomes very apparent, where the obvious strategic opportunity exists towards creating a bridge of corridors linking the two mountain ranges Tsitsikamma and Kouga (south to north). The environmental significance of this cannot be overstated – essentially creating a protected area from the ocean into the desert of the Klein-karoo, a traverse of 8 biomes, a veritable ‘garden of Eden’.
    [Show full text]
  • PIA Wanhoop Oct 2010
    PALAEONTOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: DESKTOP STUDY WANHOOP BOREHOLE SCHEME EXTENSION, EDEN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE Dr John E. Almond Natura Viva cc, PO Box 12410 Mill Street, CAPE TOWN 8010, RSA [email protected] October 2010 1. SUMMARY The latest phase of the ongoing upgrade of the water supply for Willowmore (Eastern Cape Province) involves several small developments c. 35km to the south of town on the farm Wanhoop in the adjacent Eden District Municipality. The proposed new water pipelines will involve excavations of up to one and a half metres depth but the Devonian to Cretaceous bedrocks and younger superficial sediments affected – viz. the Baviaanskloof Formation (Table Mountain Group), Buffelskloof Formation (Uitenhage Group) and Quaternary alluvium - are mostly of low palaeontological sensitivity. Installation of new powerlines and a short section of new access road are unlikely to involve extensive bedrock excavations and are not regarded as palaeontologically significant. It is concluded that the proposed water supply developments on Wanhoop will not substantially compromise palaeontological heritage and there are therefore no objections to approval on these grounds, nor is any specialist palaeontological mitigation required. However, any substantial fossil remains - such as bones, teeth or dense accumulations of shells or plants – that are exposed during excavations should be reported to Heritage Western Cape and / or a qualified palaeontologist for formal collection and documentation. 2. PROJECT OUTLINE & BRIEF As part of the ongoing upgrade of the water supply for the town of Willowmore (Eastern Cape Province) several proposed developments will take place on the remainder of Wanhoop 19, Wanhoop Farm in the adjacent Eden District Municipality, Western Cape Province, approximately c.
    [Show full text]
  • Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study For
    Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study for South Africa Using Systematic, Historical and Palaeoflood Data Pilot Study – Catchment Management Area 15 by D van Bladeren, P K Zawada and D Mahlangu SRK Consulting & Council for Geoscience Report to the Water Research Commission on the project “Statistical Based Regional Flood Frequency Estimation Study for South Africa using Systematic, Historical and Palaeoflood Data” WRC Report No 1260/1/07 ISBN 078-1-77005-537-7 March 2007 DISCLAIMER This report has been reviewed by the Water Research Commission (WRC) and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the WRC, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION During the past 10 years South Africa has experienced several devastating flood events that highlighted the need for more accurate and reasonable flood estimation. The most notable events were those of 1995/96 in KwaZulu-Natal and north eastern areas, the November 1996 floods in the Southern Cape Region, the floods of February to March 2000 in the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape provinces and the recent floods in March 2003 in Montagu in the Western Cape. These events emphasized the need for a standard approach to estimate flood probabilities before developments are initiated or existing developments evaluated for flood hazards. The flood peak magnitudes and probabilities of occurrence or return period required for flood lines are often overlooked, ignored or dealt with in a casual way with devastating effects. The National Disaster and new Water Act and the rapid rate at which developments are being planned will require the near mass production of flood peak probabilities across the country that should be consistent, realistic and reliable.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter of Exemption
    A LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION (WITH CONDITIONS) FOR THE EXEMPTION OF A FULL PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED UPGRADING OF THE HANKEY SANITATION SYSTEM WITHIN THE KOUGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY OF THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Prepared for: Terratest (Pty) Ltd. P.O Box 27308 Greenacres Port Elizabeth 6057 Tel: 041 390 8730 Contact person: Ms. Kim Brent Email: [email protected] Compiled by: Dr. Johan Binneman and Mr. Kobus Reichert On behalf of: Eastern Cape Heritage Consultants cc Reg. no: 2006/088345/23 P.O. Box 689 Jeffreys Bay 6330 Tel: 042 296 0399 Cell: 072 800 6322 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Date: November 2020 1 PROJECT INFORMATION Eastern Cape Heritage Consultants cc has been appointed by Terratest (Pty) Ltd to conduct a Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment (AIA) for the proposed maintenance and upgrade of the sanitation system in Hankey within the Kouga Local Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The upgrading works will include the augmentation of the existing sewage bulk infrastructure in the residential areas of Hankey, Hankey Town, Old Town Hankey, and Phillipsville, by providing an additional pump station, a new rising main and a new waterborne gravity sewerage system for these areas. The areas to be serviced consist of some 449 erven. The total length of the lines will equate to approximately 11 000 m. In addition, a detention pond will be constructed adjacent to the pump station to deal with any sewage spillage because of major equipment or electrical failure. Sewage will be pumped through a UPVC (Un-plasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride-lined) pipeline, from the pump station, to the existing Hankey Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW).
    [Show full text]
  • Explore the Eastern Cape Province
    Cultural Guiding - Explore The Eastern Cape Province Former President Nelson Mandela, who was born and raised in the Transkei, once said: "After having travelled to many distant places, I still find the Eastern Cape to be a region full of rich, unused potential." 2 – WildlifeCampus Cultural Guiding Course – Eastern Cape Module # 1 - Province Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Province Overview Module # 2 - Cultural Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Cultural Overview Module # 3 - Historical Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Historical Overview Module # 4 - Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Component # 1 - Eastern Cape Wildlife and Nature Conservation Overview Module # 5 - Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole Component # 1 - Explore the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropole Module # 6 - Sarah Baartman District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 1) Component # 2 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 2) Component # 3 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 3) Component # 4 - Explore the Sarah Baartman District (Part 4) Module # 7 - Chris Hani District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Chris Hani District Module # 8 - Joe Gqabi District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Joe Gqabi District Module # 9 - Alfred Nzo District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the Alfred Nzo District Module # 10 - OR Tambo District Municipality Component # 1 - Explore the OR Tambo District Eastern Cape Province Overview This course material is the copyrighted intellectual property of WildlifeCampus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phase 1 Archaeological Impact Assessment (Aia) for the Proposed Granor Passi Effluent Evaporation Ponds, Louterwater, Sarah Ba
    A PHASE 1 ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (AIA) FOR THE PROPOSED GRANOR PASSI EFFLUENT EVAPORATION PONDS, LOUTERWATER, SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, KOUGA LOCAL MUNICIPALITY, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE. Prepared for: SRK Consulting PO Box 21842 Port Elizabeth 6000 Tel: 041 509 4800 Fax: 041 509 4850 Contact person: Ms Karissa Nel Email: [email protected] Compiled by: Ms Celeste Booth t/a Booth Heritage Consulting 5 Queens Terrace 12 Chapel Street Grahamstown 6139 Tel: 082 062 4655 Email: [email protected] Contact person: Ms Celeste Booth Date: July 2016 1 CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3. 1.1. Purpose of the Study 3. 1.2. Brief Summary of Findings 3. 1.3. Recommendations 4. 1.4. Declaration of Independence and Qualifications 4. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION 5. 2.1. Applicant 5. 2.2. Consultant 5. 2.3. Terms of Reference 5. 3. HERITAGE LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 6. 4. BRIEF ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 8. 4.1. Early Stone Age (ESA) - 1.5 million to 250 000 years ago 9. 4.2. Middle Stone Age (MSA) – 250 000 – 30 000 years ago 10. 4.3. Later Stone Age (LSA) – 30 000 years ago – recent (100 years ago) 11. 4.4. Last 2 000 years – Khoekhoen Pastoralism 13. 4.5. Human Remains 14. 4.6. Rock Art (Paintings and Engravings) 14. 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTY 15. 5.1. Location data 15. 5.2. Map 15. 6. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 21. 6.1. Methodology 21. 6.2. Results of the Archaeological Investigation 21. 7. DESCRIPTION OF SITES 29. 7.1. Middle Stone Age stone artefact occurrences 29. 8. COORDINATES AND SITES FOR THE PROPOSED SAND MINING ON ERF 220 AND ERF 252 OF THE FARM COEGAS RIVER MOUTH 303, COEGA, NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITY (NMMM), EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Abiotic Events Or Human‐Aided Dispersal
    Historical abiotic events or human-aided dispersal: inferring the evolutionary history of a newly discovered galaxiid fish Gamuchirai Chakona1,2, Ernst R. Swartz2 & Albert Chakona2 1Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, P. O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa 2South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa Keywords Abstract Cape Floristic Region, Galaxias, interbasin dispersal, mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, Range expansion of obligate freshwater fishes in the Cape Floristic Region phylogeography. (CFR) of South Africa has mostly been attributed to river capture events and confluence of rivers following sea-level regression. The role of low drainage Correspondence divides and interbasin water transfers has received less attention. This study Gamuchirai Chakona, South African Institute analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess the processes that for Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, could have influenced the phylogeographic patterns of a newly discovered line- Grahamstown 6140, South Africa Tel: 046 6035800; Fax: +27 46 622 2403; age of Galaxias zebratus (hereafter Galaxias zebratus “Joubertina”) that occurs E-mail: [email protected] across two currently isolated river systems close to the Joubertina area in the eastern CFR. Results from both analyses revealed that observed genetic differen- Funding Information tiation cannot be explained by isolation between the two river systems. No Funding was provided by the South African genetic differentiation was found between the Krom River system and a popula- Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and tion from one of the Gamtoos tributaries. Shallow genetic differentiation was the Rhodes University Margaret Smith found between the Krom and the other Gamtoos populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps
    Threatened Ecosystems in South Africa: Descriptions and Maps DRAFT May 2009 South African National Biodiversity Institute Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Contents List of tables .............................................................................................................................. vii List of figures............................................................................................................................. vii 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 2 Criteria for identifying threatened ecosystems............................................................... 10 3 Summary of listed ecosystems ........................................................................................ 12 4 Descriptions and individual maps of threatened ecosystems ...................................... 14 4.1 Explanation of descriptions ........................................................................................................ 14 4.2 Listed threatened ecosystems ................................................................................................... 16 4.2.1 Critically Endangered (CR) ................................................................................................................ 16 1. Atlantis Sand Fynbos (FFd 4) .......................................................................................................................... 16 2. Blesbokspruit Highveld Grassland
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of the Phylogeny, Biogeography and Taxonomy of Galaxioid Fishes
    Aspects of the phylogeny, biogeography and taxonomy of galaxioid fishes Jonathan Michael Waters, BSc. (Hons.) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, / 2- Oo ( 01 f University of Tasmania (August, 1996) Paragalaxias dissim1/is (Regan); illustrated by David Crook Statements I declare that this thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published o:r written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text. This thesis is not to be made available for loan or copying for two years following the date this statement is signed. Following that time the thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Signed Summary This study used two distinct methods to infer phylogenetic relationships of members of the Galaxioidea. The first approach involved direct sequencing of mitochondrial DNA to produce a molecular phylogeny. Secondly, a thorough osteological study of the galaxiines was the basis of a cladistic analysis to produce a morphological phylogeny. Phylogenetic analysis of 303 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome b _supported the monophyly of Neochanna, Paragalaxias and Galaxiella. This gene also reinforced recognised groups such as Galaxias truttaceus-G. auratus and G. fasciatus-G. argenteus. In a previously unrecognised grouping, Galaxias olidus and G. parvus were united as a sister clade to Paragalaxias. In addition, Nesogalaxias neocaledonicus and G. paucispondylus were included in a clade containing G.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarah Baartman District Municipality Coastal Management Programme
    A Coastal Management Programme for the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (Draft) October 2019 Project Title: A Coastal Management Programme for the Sarah Baartman District Municipality (Draft for Public Review) Program prepared by : CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit 36 River Road Walmer, Port Elizabeth. 6070 South Africa Phone (041) 581-2983 • Fax 086 504 2549 E-mail: [email protected] For: Sarah Baartman District Municipality Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 A Coastal Management Programme for the Sarah Baartman District Municipality - Overview................................................................. 11 Scope of the CMPr ..............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]