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Abstracts 101St Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Austin, Texas

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Abstracts 101St Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Austin, Texas Abstracts 101st Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Austin, Texas Presenting authors are denoted by an astrisk (*) phytotoxicity at the lowest application rate, suggesting that the some of the phytotoxins were volatile. Dichloromethane, methanol and water Number preceeding title corresponds to the location of the poster extracts of the wetted seedmeal were bioassayed against wheat and in the Rio Grande Exhibit Hall sicklepod radicle elongation. Only the dichloromethane extract was found to be strongly inhibitory to both species. Fractionation of the dichloromethane extract identifi ed two major phytotoxins, identifi ed by GC-MS and NMR analyses as 2-propen-1-yl (allyl) isothiocyanate Poster Session 1—Weed Control and Pest Management (AITC) and allyl thiocyanate (ATC), which constituted 80.9 and 18.8%, July 17, 2004, 12:30–1:30 PM Rio Grande Exhibit Hall respectively, of the active fraction. When seeds of wheat, arugula and sicklepod were exposed to volatilized AITC and ATC, the germination of all three species were completely inhibited by both compounds at 1 GIS Analysis of Sweetpotato Weevil Trap Data in Louisiana concentrations of 5 ppm or less. Arthur Villordon * 1, Craig Roussel 2, Tad Hardy 3 1 2 LSU AgCenter, Sweetpotato Research Station, Chase, LA 71324; Louisiana Dept. of 4 Phytotoxicity and Weed Control Effi cacy of Three Non-labeled Agriculture and Forestry, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA Herbicides for Field-grown Hemerocallis spp. 70821; 3Louisiana Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry, Agriculture and Environmental Sci- 1 2 3 ences, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 Patricia R. Knight* , Christine E. Coker , Benedict Posadas , John M. Anderson 4 The Louisiana Dept. of Agriculture and Forestry (LDAF) conducts 1Mississippi State Univ., Coastal Research and Extension Center, Poplarville, MS 39470; sweetpotato weevil [SPW, Cylas formicarius ( Fabricius )] monitoring 2Mississippi State Univ., Coastal Research and Extension Center, Biloxi, MS 39531; 3Mis- in support of the statewide SPW quarantine program. The monitoring sissippi State Univ., Coastal Research and Extension Center, Biloxi, MS 39531; 4Mississippi activity primarily involves a statewide pheromone-based trapping State Univ., Coastal Research and Extension Center, Poplarville, MS 39470 process that generates trap data for sweetpotato beds and production The IR-4 program works to identify potential minor-use horticultural fi elds. We conducted GIS analysis of SPW trap data, collected over chemicals and evaluate them for phytotoxicity and effi cacy. The objec- three years, to assess the potential use of GIS tools in managing and tive of this experiment was to evaluate phytotoxicity and weed control interpreting the data. The LDAF has already generated shapefi les for of three unlabeled herbicides on fi eld production of Hemerocallis spp . all beds and fi elds in each of three years, facilitating GIS analysis. ʻMing Toyʼ. Ten-cm pots of ʻMing Toyʼ were planted into the fi eld 16 However, trap data was manually collected and statewide data was July 2001. Each plot consisted of 3 plants per treatment with 6 replica- compiled and stored in spreadsheet fi les. Trap data was mapped to tions in a completely random design. Each herbicide was analyzed as specifi c beds and fi elds in each of three years, generating layers that a separate experiment. Herbicide treatments consisted of clopyralid clearly showed fi elds and parishes that reported high trap counts. GIS (0.14, 0.28, 0.56, or 1.1 kg·ha –1 a.i.), clethodim (125, 250, or 500 mL·L –1 analysis showed potential SPW “hotspots” in each year, indicating that a.i.), or bentazon (1.1, 2.2, or 4.4 kg·ha –1 a.i.). Data collected included certain beds or fi elds are more prone to SPW infestation than others. weed number, percentage of weed coverage (% weed coverage), and This information can be useful in planning SPW management strategies phytotoxicity and foliar color ratings for ʻMing Toyʼ. Clopyralid by growers and other stakeholders. The GIS database also provides the reduced total weed number 90 DAT although % weed coverage was foundation for the development of descriptive and predictive models of similar or worse compared to the control treatment. Phytotoxicity 90 SPW occurence in Louisiana. Compiling the SPW trap data into a GIS DAT was not signifi cant for plants treated with clopyralid, but foliar database allows the data to be distributed over the Internet, facilitating color ratings were reduced. Application of clethodim to ʻMing Toyʼ real-time access by stakeholders. plots, regardless of rate, resulted in similar weed numbers compared to the control 49 DAT. Clethodim application, regardless of rate, reduced % weed coverage compared to the control treatment. Phytotoxicity 90 2 Poster withdrawn. DAT was not signifi cant, regardless of herbicide treatment, but foliar color ratings were lower for herbicide treated plants compared to the 3 Biofumigation Potential of Field Pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense ) control. Bentazon, regardless of rate, reduced weed number and % Seedmeal weed coverage 49 DAT compared to the control. Phytotoxicity was Steven Vaughn * 1, Terry Isbell 2, David Weisleder 3, Mark Berhow 4 similar to the control for plants treated with 1.1 kg·ha –1 a.i. 1 USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, New Crops and 2 Processing Technology Research, Peoria, IL 61604; USDA-ARS, National Center for 5 Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Agricultural Utilization Research, New Crops and Processing Technology Research, Peo- Perennials ria, IL 61604; 3USDA-ARS, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, New 1 2 3 Crops and Processing Technology Research, Peoria, IL 61604; 4USDA-ARS, National James Klett * , Dave Staats , Matt Rogoyski Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, New Crops and Processing Technology 1Colorado State Univ., Horticulture and Landscape Architecuture, Fort Collins, CO 80523; Research, Peoria, IL 61604 2Colorado State Univ., Horticulture and Landscape Architecture; 3Colorado State Univ., Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Field pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.) seedmeal was found to suppress seedling germination/emergence and biomass accumulation when During the 2003 season, preemergence herbicide was applied to twelve added to a sandy loam soil containing wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), container grown herbaceous perennials and woody plants and evalu- arugula [ Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.] and ated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The sicklepod ( Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby) seeds. Covering herbicide and rates were: Flumioxazin (Broadstar) 113.5 g (label rate), the pots with petri dishes containing the soil-seedmeal mixture increased 227 g and 454 g a.i./A. Herbicides were applied to Buxus microphylla HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 39(4), JULY 2004 745 poster_745-840.indd 745 5/25/04 3:22:56 PM ʻWinter Gemʼ, Cytisus purgans ʻSpanish Goldʼ, Festuca ovina glauca of broadleaf and grass species and number of annual and perennial ʻElijah Blueʼ, Hakonechloa macra ʻAureolaʼ, Lonicera tatarica ʻArnold species. The total number of weeds in weeded and non-weeded sub- Redʼ, Pachysandra terminalis ʻGreen Sheenʼ, Hydrangea arborescens plots was lowest in the buckwheat and highest in the clover. Species ʻAnnabelleʼ, Mahonia aquifolium , Phalaris arundinacea ʻPictaʼ, diversity in weeded subplots was lowest for the control and highest in Carex buchananii,Cerastium tomentosum , and Achillea millefolium clover while species diversity in non-weeded subplots was lowest in ʻRed Beautyʼ. Weed control was excellent at all rates and controlled buckwheat and highest in the control. Overall, most weeds present were at least 99% of all weeds. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent broadleaf annuals including pigweeds ( Amaranthus spp.), shepardʼs on Mahonia,Buxus, Cytisus, Festuca, Hakonechloa, Pachysandra or purse ( Capsella bursa-pastoris ), common lambsquarters ( Cheno- Phlaris . Phytotoxicity resulted on some of the other plants. Carex podium album ) and common purslane ( Portulaca oleracea). Based had smaller plants (dry weights) at all rates. Cerastium had severe on this 1-year study, which will be repeated in 2004, the buckwheat phytotoxicty at the 227 g and 454 g rates and moderate stunting at treatment is likely the most effective in managing weeds in edamame the recommended label rate, 113.5 g. Hydrangea became chlorotic fi eld production for consideration by Pennsylvania growers. and stunted at the 113.5 g rate and some fatal toxicity ocurred at the 227 g and 454 g rates. Phytotoxicity resulted on Lonicera at all rates and ranged from mild chlorosis in leaf veins (113.5 g rate) to plant 8 Pre and Early Postemergence Herbicide Phytotoxicity and Yield death (454 g rate). Achillea at the 113.5 g rate only resulted in stunted Effects in Transplanted Peppers 1 plant growth while the 227 g and 454 g rates resulted in severe phy- Russell W. Wallace* 1 totoxcity and plant death. Texas A&M Univ., Horticultural Sciences, Lubbock, TX 79403 Field research was conducted to evaluate pre-transplant (PRE) applica- –1 6 Mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ) Rhizome Regeneration in Pine tions of sulfentrazone (0.20 or 0.41 kg·ha a.i.) and fl ufenacet (0.045 Bark, Soil and Sand Substrates kg·ha –1 a.i.), or early postemergence (EPOST) halosulfuron (0.027, –1 William E. Klingeman* 1, Darren K. Robinson 2, Gary L. McDaniel 3 0.036 or 0.054 kg·ha a.i.) on phytotoxicity
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