Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 122 45th International Philological Conference (IPC 2016) «Горит восток зарею новой» (Hor. Epod. 9, 17)

Егорова Софья Кондратьевна Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет (СПбГУ), Санкт-Петербург, Россия

«The new dawn burns the eastern sky…» (Hor. Epod. 9, 17)

Egorova Sofia Saint Petersburg State University (SPSU), St. Petersburg, Russia

Аннотация i. e. to Marc Antony, mentioned in vv. 11–13. Meanwhile the previous line В докладе рассматривается has a masculine noun sol. In my opinion, текстологическая трудность в 9м эподе the author of the reading ad hunc might Горация. В 17–18 стихах в рукописях have understood it as ad solem (orientem) читаем: adhuc/ad hunc – «the Galatians turned their horses frementesverteruntb is mille equos / Galli toward the rising sun, i. e. to the East». It canentes Caesarem. Обычно под is quite possible, that the phrases местоимением hunc понимают Марка olaspicitconopium (‘the Sun saw a Антония (упомянутого в стт. 11–13), mosquito net’) describes sunrise – the хотя предшествующий стих также time usual for observing the enemies’ содержит сущ. м. р. sol. На мой взгляд, arrangement in ancient armies. автор чтения adhunc понимал его как adsolem (orientem) – «повернули коней Ключевые слова: битва при Акции, на восток»: представляется, что Гораций, рукописная традиция выражение solaspicitconopium (солнце Горация, эподы Горация. узрело москитную сетку) указывает именно на рассвет – время, когда в древности производился осмотр Keywords: the battle of Actium, Epodes, диспозиций врага. Horace, manuscript tradition of Horace.

Abstract I have chosen this verse from «Poltava» (tr. by I. S. Eubanks) as a title not only The article deals with a textology because it expresses well my assumption question in Ninth Epode by Horace. The for the passage in question, but also verses 17–18 gives as follows: adhuc/ad suggesting imagining the situation when hunc frementesverteruntb is mille equos / we would use this Pushkin’s poem as one Galli canentesCaesarem. The usual of the courses for reconstruction of the understanding of the noun hunc is to him, battle. Meanwhile it occurs often for one

Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 18 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 122 of the Epodes by Horace that depicts the battle of Actium (2Septemper 31 BC; for †adhunc†frementisverteruntbis mille more information and the scheme of equos action see e. g. [The Cambridge Ancient Galli canentesCaesarem, History 2001, 54–59]). hostiliumquenaviumportu latent puppessinistrorsumcitae. 20 Ninth Epode by Horace Тwo thousand Galatians turned their The Epode (a iambic poem, 38 lines long) snorting horses [†…] praising Caesar has a ring composition: the beginning and <=Octavianus>, and the sterns of the the conclusion dealwith the topic of a enemies’ ships are closed in a harbor, festive banquet – and here we can beingswift to the left (For the meaning of observe that this content is familiar for a the verses 19–20 describing some naval young poet; the center part, i. e. the actions,see the article by E. Wistrand). description of the news of the battle itself, Let us examine the manuscript variant: is rather indistinct, though it contains adhuc (C1 λ l δ2 ) ‘still, till this time’ some particular details.The following This variant is an evident corruption, as verses refer to the overland phase of the this adverb does not suit any of two battle and first of all the desertion of the verbs. Galatian cavalry. (The text with the † athuc(a2 unus Bland.)‘but here / manuscript variants and scholars’ hither’ This poorly represented variant conjectures are given according to the often can be read in the editionswith a edition of IstvánBorzsák.) crux desperationis, the general meaning being: But the Galatians turned their Romanus, eheu (posterinegabitis) horses to out side[Mankin 1995, 38, 168]. emancipatusfeminae But the most common reading is ad fertvallum et arma miles et spadonibus hunc (V A a1 Ccorr. R F δ1 p u Ott. Ox. servirerugosispotest, P Э+ the reading adhuc might go back to interquesignaturpemilitaria 15 it either) ‘to it/to him’. sol adspicitconopium. The usual way to explain this ad hunc from ancient time is as ‘to the Roman Alas! A Roman ’, i. e. Marc Antony, the Antony> – this will be denied by the preposition ad ‘to’ meaning ‘against’ posterity – being rented by a woman, here[Watson 2003, 325]. Bentley finds it marches as a soldier and can serve to awkward, if not impossible (who, wrinkled eunuchs, and the sun sees a nevertheless, proposes an unsuccessful mosquito net between army Opera… Bentleii 1711, 192]). standards. Another weakness both of this understanding ofad hunc and of the «Locus difficillimus» reading at huc is a dynamic character of Galatians’ moving, as if it were a cavalry Further we find the most difficult passage field maneuver with a sudden change of («locus difficillimus» as Richard Bentley direction. Meanwhile the location (and calls it [Horati Opera… Bentleii 1711, especially a coastline of the Ambracian 191–192]), the difficulty being still worse gulf) makes it highly improbable. because of a text corruption represented Galatians must have left Antony in some in all the medieval manuscript tradition. other way.

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Sources on the desertion of Galatians mean: ‘Galatians turned their horses to the rising sun, i. e. to the East’. Velleius Paterculus mentions the The verbaspicio in the verse 16 was desertion of the Galatian king Amyntas understood earlier as ‘to watch’, ‘to look very briefly: rexAmyntasmeliora et at’ (with the epic topos «the sun watches utiliorasecutus (84.2). all»), but it means rather ‘to throw a According to Plutarch’s evidence, glance’, ‘to (start to) see’.For a Galatian left Antony’s camp a week or at confirmation two passages from Horace least a few days before the battle (Ant. can be quoted, with the context being 63.3). almost the same: in the 16th Epistle this Dio Cassius (50. 13. 8) reports of an verb describes the rising sun: interesting detail: he focuses not on a sedutveniensdextrum latus aspiciat sol desertion itself, but on Antony’s fear to (Hor. Epist. 1, 16, 6), and in another be left by his allies. In the chapter passage a rise of constellations is meant: previous to the one describing the naval Seu Libra seu me Scorpios aspicit (Hor. battle Antony is said to recall Galatians, Carm. 2, 17, 17). The passage with the who had been sent to collect taxes to word aurora is also relevant here: Tertia Thrace.The historian does not mention, if post Idusnudos aurora Lupercos / aspicit, they really came back, and one can etFauni sacra bicorniseunt (Ovid. Fast. 2, assume that they did not. 267-8). The situation itself speaks in favor of ad hunc – ad solem the morning, as it was usual time for watching the enemy’s camp from afar: I would like to offer a new see e. g. Caes. B.G. 1, 22, 1-2; Liv. 22, understanding for the manuscript reading 28; 42. ad hunc, referring the pronoun to the noun Sol from the previous verse, i. e. to The origin if the reading ad hunc it = to the sun. The usage of this pronoun is found in The author of the reading ad hunc, Horace’ poetry (47 times only in this though he most probably was not Horace particular form, 9 times in lyric poetry). himself, could refer the pronoun to the Although it is often the opposition ‘this– noun Sol. If this variant comes from Late that’ (see e. g. the passage of two mice: Antiquity or the Early Medieval time, a Serm. 2, 6, 90: tandem scribe or a reviser must have known urbanusadhunc…inquit …), there are to where the cape Actium is – in the most be found passages, where the pronoun hic western part of the Balkan Peninsula. denotes a person or an object mentioned Therefore, in his opinion, Galatians above: e. g. A. P. 278: post hunc (v. 276 intending to leave Antony should turn to Thespis) personae the East. pallaequerepertorhonestae…. Литература The rising sun The Cambridge Ancient History. Ed. by The specification «to the sun» has sense A. K. Bowman a. o. Cambridge: only if the sun is in some certain position, Cambridge University Press, 2001. for example it rises on the east. The Latin 704 P. expression sol oriens is quite common for EubanksI. S. (Transl.) A. Pushkin. the East direction, and then the text will «Poltava» // The Pushkin Review

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(Пушкинский вестник). http://www.pushkiniana.org/index.ph p/vol11-newtranslations (27.06.2016) Horace. Epodes. Ed. by D. Mankin. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1995.321 P. Q. HoratiFlacci Opera, ediditStephanus Borzsák. Lipsiae: TeubnerVerlag, 1984.420 P. Q. HoratiFlacci Opera ex recensioneRichardiBentleii.Amstelod ami, 1711. 306 P. Watson L. C. A Commentary on Horace’s Epodes. Oxford, 2003.568 P. Wistrand E. Horace’sNinth Epode and its Historical Background// StudiaGraecaetLatina Gothoburgensia. VIII. 1958. P. 2-65.

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