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ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS Draft Decision Submitted by the Chair of Working Group II

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CBD Distr. LIMITED CBD/COP/14/L.34 28 November 2018 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Fourteenth meeting Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 17-29 November 2018 Agenda item 25 MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY: ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS Draft decision submitted by the Chair of Working Group II The Conference of the Parties, Reaffirming decisions X/29, XI/17, XII/22and XIII/12 on ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, Reiterating the central role of the General Assembly of the United Nations in addressing issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, [Recalling that United Nations General Assembly resolution 72/73 reaffirms that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out1,] [Recalling that the United Nations General Assembly resolution 72/73 reaffirms that the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out and also recognizing the existence of other instruments providing the legal framework for regulating marine activities, including customary international law,] [Recalling that international law including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as customary international law, sets out the legal framework within which all activities in the oceans and seas must be carried out] [Recalling the United Nations General Assembly resolution 72/73 on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea] Noting the negotiations under way in the Intergovernmental Conference on an International Legally Binding Instrument under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, following United Nations General Assembly resolution 72/249, 1. Welcomes the scientific and technical information contained in the summary reports prepared by the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice at its twenty-second meeting, as contained in annex I to the present draft decision, based on the reports of the two regional workshops for describing ecologically or biologically significant marine areas in the Black Sea and the 1 Noting that Turkey voted against UNGA 72/73 and Colombia, El Salvador and Venezuela abstained CBD/COP/14/L.34 Page 2 Caspian Sea, and in the Baltic Sea,2 and requests the Executive Secretary to include the summary reports in the EBSA repository, and to submit them to the United Nations General Assembly and its relevant processes, as well as Parties, other Governments and relevant international organizations, in line with the purpose and procedures set out in decisions X/29, XI/17, XII/22 and XIII/12; 2. Also welcomes the report of the Expert Workshop to Develop Options for Modifying the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas, for Describing New Areas, and for Strengthening the Scientific Credibility and Transparency of this Process, 3 held in Berlin from 5 to 8 December 2017, and [endorses][takes note of] the set of options, as contained in annex II to the present decision; 3. Takes note of the addendum to the terms of reference of the informal advisory group on ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (annex III of decision XIII/12) contained in annex III to the present decision; 4. Requests the Executive Secretary to work with Parties, other Governments and relevant organizations to facilitate implementation of this set of options through the provisioning of scientific and technical support to Parties, other Governments and relevant competent intergovernmental organizations, as appropriate; 5. Calls for further collaboration and information-sharing among the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the International Maritime Organization and the International Seabed Authority, as well as regional fishery bodies, regional seas conventions and actions plans, and other relevant international organizations, regarding the use of scientific information on ecological and biological features related to ecologically or biologically significant marine areas as one of the key pieces of information that can be used inter alia for guidance regarding area-based management tools, with a view to contributing to the achievement of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and relevant Sustainable Development Goals; 6. Invites Parties to submit descriptions of areas that meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas in the North-East Atlantic; [7. Reaffirms that the sharing of the outcomes of the process under the Convention for the description of areas meeting the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas does not prejudice the sovereignty, sovereign rights or jurisdiction of States (coastal, archipelagic).] 8. Reaffirms that the present decision and its implementation shall be without prejudice to the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, nor does it have economic or legal implications. It is strictly a scientific and technical exercise. 2 CBD/EBSA/WS/2017/1/3 and CBD/EBSA/WS/2018/1/4. 3 CBD/EBSA/EM/2017/1/3. CBD/COP/14/L.34 Page 3 Annex I SUMMARY REPORT ON THE DESCRIPTION OF AREAS MEETING THE SCIENTIFIC CRITERIA FOR ECOLOGICALLY OR BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MARINE AREAS BACKGROUND 1. Pursuant to decision X/29, paragraph 36, decision XI/17, paragraph 12, decision XII/22, paragraph 6 and decision XIII/12, paragraph 8, the following two additional regional workshops were convened by the Executive Secretary of the Convention on Biological Diversity: (a) Black Sea and Caspian Sea (Baku, 24 to 29 April 2017);4 (b) Baltic Sea (Helsinki, 19 to 24 February 2018).5 2. Pursuant to decision XI/17, paragraph 12, summaries of the results of these regional workshops are provided in tables 1 and 2 below, respectively, while full descriptions of how the areas meet the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas (EBSAs) are provided in the annexes to the respective reports of the workshops. 4 Report contained in CBD/EBSA/WS/2017/1/3. 5 Report contained in CBD/EBSA/WS/2018/1/4. CBD/COP/14/L.34 Page 4 3. In decision X/29, paragraph 26, the Conference of Parties noted that the application of the EBSA criteria is a scientific and technical exercise, that areas found to meet the criteria may require enhanced conservation and management measures, and that this can be achieved through a variety of means, including marine spatial planning, marine protected areas, other effective area-based conservation measures and impact assessment. It also emphasized that the identification of ecologically or biologically significant areas and the selection of conservation and management measures is a matter for States and competent intergovernmental organizations, in accordance with international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.6 4. The description of marine areas meeting the criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Nor does it have economic or legal implications; it is strictly a scientific and technical exercise. Key to the tables 6 United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1833, No. 31363. CBD/COP/14/L.34 Page 5 RANKING OF EBSA CRITERIA CRITERIA Relevance C1: Uniqueness or rarity H: High C2: Special importance for life-history stages of species M: Medium C3: Importance for threatened, endangered or declining species L:Low and/or habitats -:No information C4: Vulnerability, fragility, sensitivity, or slow recovery C5: Biological productivity C6: Biological diversity C7: Naturalness CBD/COP/14/L.34 Page 6 Table 1. Description of areas meeting the EBSA criteria in the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea (Details are provided in the appendix to annex V of the report of the Regional Workshop to Facilitate the Description of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) in the Black Sea and Caspian Sea (CBD/EBSA/WS/2017/1/3)) Location and brief description of areas C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 For key to criteria, see page 2 Black Sea 1. Ropotamo Location: Ropotamo is located at latitude 42.3019 ºN and longitude 27.9343 ºE. It covers 981 km2, of which 89.9 per cent is marine (881.91 km2). The area comprises both a coastal and marine area along the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea. The terrestrial part includes Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar Convention, CORINE Biotope sites (under the European Commission) and national protected areas. The marine area stretches over 881.91 km2 (89.9 per cent of the total area). It comprises a variety of habitats of high conservation importance, distinguished by high biodiversity, good ecological status and extensive span – including the unique European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) H H H M - H H biogenic reefs, the rare sciophilic association of the red seaweed Phyllophora crispa on infralittoral rock, productive communities of photophilic brown macroalgae, mussel banks on sediment, with high diversity of invertebrates and fishes, sandbanks and seagrass meadows. The marine area is an important habitat for shad fish, providing feeding grounds and migration routes to the spawning grounds. It is significant for the protection of the three small cetacean populations that occur in the Black Sea. The area represents the largest marine protected area within the Natura 2000 ecological network in the Bulgarian Black Sea, namely the Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Ropotamo BG0001001, designated under the Habitats Directive. 2.
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  • Temperature Tolerance and Biogeography of Seaweeds: the Marine Algal Flora of Helgoland (North Sea) As an Example* K

    Temperature Tolerance and Biogeography of Seaweeds: the Marine Algal Flora of Helgoland (North Sea) As an Example* K

    HELGOLA---~DER MEERESUNTERSUCHUNGEN Helgol~inder Meeresunters. 38, 305-317 (1984) Temperature tolerance and biogeography of seaweeds: The marine algal flora of Helgoland (North Sea) as an example* K. Lfining Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale); NotkestraBe 31, D-2000 Hamburg 52, Federal Republic of Germany ABSTRACT: Temperature tolerance (1 week exposure time) was determined at intervals during two successive years in 54 dominant marine benthic algae growing near Helgoland (North Sea). Seawater temperatures near Helgoland seasonally range between 3 °C (in some years 0 °) and 18 °C. All algae survived 0 °C, and none 33 °C. Among the brown algae, Chorda tomentosa was the most sensitive species surviving only 18 °C, followed by the Laminaria spp. surviving 20 °, however not 23 °C. Fucus spp. and Cladostephus spongiosus were the most heat-tolerant brown algae, surviving 28°C. Among the red algae, species of the Delesseriaceae (Phycodrys rubens, Membranoptera alata) ranged on the lower end with a maximum survival temperature of 20°C, whereas the representatives of the Phyllophoraceae (Ahnfeltia plicata, Phyllophora truncata, P. pseudo- ceranoides) exhibited the maximum heat tolerance of the Helgoland marine algal flora with survival at 30 °C. The latter value was also achieved by Codium fragile, Bryopsis hypnoides and Enteromorpha prolifera among the green algae, whereas the Acrosiphonia spp. survived only 20 °C, and Monostroma undulatum only 10 °C, not 15 °C. Seasonal shifts of heat tolerance of up to 5 °C were detected, especially in Laminaria spp. and Desmarestia aculeata. The majority of the dominant marine algal species of the Helgoland flora occurs in the Arctic, and it is hypothesized that also there the upper lethal limits of these species may hardly have changed even today.