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Download Special Issue International Journal of Genomics Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease Lead Guest Editor: Michele Purrello Guest Editors: Massimo Romani and Davide Barbagallo Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease International Journal of Genomics Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease Lead Guest Editor: Michele Purrello Guest Editors: Massimo Romani and Davide Barbagallo Copyright © 2018 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “International Journal of Genomics.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Andrea C. Belin, Sweden M. Hadzopoulou-Cladaras, Greece Ferenc Olasz, Hungary Jacques Camonis, France Sylvia Hagemann, Austria Elena Pasyukova, Russia Prabhakara V. Choudary, USA Henry Heng, USA Graziano Pesole, Italy Martine A. Collart, Switzerland Eivind Hovig, Norway Giulia Piaggio, Italy Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz, Poland Hieronim Jakubowski, USA Mohamed Salem, USA Marco Gerdol, Italy B.-H. Jeong, Republic of Korea Wilfred van IJcken, Netherlands João Paulo Gomes, Portugal Atsushi Kurabayashi, Japan Brian Wigdahl, USA Soraya E. Gutierrez, Chile Giuliana Napolitano, Italy Jinfa Zhang, USA Contents Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease Davide Barbagallo, Gaetano Vittone, Massimo Romani , and Michele Purrello Volume 2018, Article ID 9135073, 2 pages Circular RNAs: Biogenesis, Function, and a Role as Possible Cancer Biomarkers Luka Bolha, Metka Ravnik-Glavač, and Damjan Glavač Volume 2017, Article ID 6218353, 19 pages MicroRNA in Glioblastoma: An Overview Barbara Banelli, Alessandra Forlani, Giorgio Allemanni, Anna Morabito, Maria Pia Pistillo, and Massimo Romani Volume 2017, Article ID 7639084, 16 pages Molecular Crosstalking among Noncoding RNAs: A New Network Layer of Genome Regulation in Cancer Marco Ragusa, Cristina Barbagallo, Duilia Brex, Angela Caponnetto, Matilde Cirnigliaro, Rosalia Battaglia, Davide Barbagallo, Cinzia Di Pietro, and Michele Purrello Volume 2017, Article ID 4723193, 17 pages The miRNA Pull Out Assay as a Method to Validate the miR-28-5p Targets Identified in Other Tumor Contexts in Prostate Cancer Milena Rizzo, Gabriele Berti, Francesco Russo, Monica Evangelista, Marco Pellegrini, and Giuseppe Rainaldi Volume 2017, Article ID 5214806, 7 pages Identifying Novel Glioma-Associated Noncoding RNAs by Their Expression Profiles Alenka Matjašič, Mojca Tajnik, Emanuela Boštjančič, Mara Popović, Boštjan Matos, and Damjan Glavač Volume 2017, Article ID 2312318, 18 pages Tissue- and Cell Type-Specific Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA Klhl14-AS in Mouse Sara Carmela Credendino, Nicole Lewin, Miriane de Oliveira, Swaraj Basu, Barbara D’Andrea, Elena Amendola, Luigi Di Guida, Antonio Nardone, Remo Sanges, Mario De Felice, and Gabriella De Vita Volume 2017, Article ID 9769171, 7 pages MicroRNAsasBiomarkersinThyroidCarcinoma Marilena Celano, Francesca Rosignolo, Valentina Maggisano, Valeria Pecce, Michelangelo Iannone, Diego Russo, and Stefania Bulotta Volume 2017, Article ID 6496570, 11 pages Overexpression of Chromosome 21 miRNAs May Affect Mitochondrial Function in the Hearts of Down Syndrome Fetuses Antonella Izzo, Rosanna Manco, Tiziana de Cristofaro, Ferdinando Bonfiglio, Rita Cicatiello, Nunzia Mollo, Marco De Martino, Rita Genesio, Mariastella Zannini, Anna Conti, and Lucio Nitsch Volume 2017, Article ID 8737649, 10 pages Biological Function of MicroRNA193a-3p in Health and Disease Ilaria Grossi, Alessandro Salvi, Edoardo Abeni, Eleonora Marchina, and Giuseppina De Petro Volume 2017, Article ID 5913195, 13 pages MicroRNA Profiling in Cartilage Ageing Panagiotis Balaskas, Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall, Peter Clegg, Yongxiang Fang, Andy Cremers, Pieter Emans, Tim Welting, and Mandy Peffers Volume 2017, Article ID 2713725, 11 pages The Role of miRNAs as Biomarkers for Pregnancy Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review Martina Barchitta, Andrea Maugeri, Annalisa Quattrocchi, Ottavia Agrifoglio, and Antonella Agodi Volume 2017, Article ID 8067972, 11 pages Hindawi International Journal of Genomics Volume 2018, Article ID 9135073, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9135073 Editorial Noncoding RNAs in Health and Disease 1 2 3 1 Davide Barbagallo, Gaetano Vittone, Massimo Romani , and Michele Purrello 1Section of Biology and Genetics Giovanni Sichel, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy 2Section of Philosophical, Psychological, Pedagogical and Social Sciences, Department of Humanities, University of Catania, Catania, Italy 3Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Michele Purrello; [email protected] Received 23 October 2017; Accepted 25 October 2017; Published 22 January 2018 Copyright © 2018 Davide Barbagallo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Genome and RNA sequencing have reliably demonstrated (4) organism where they are expressed (eukaryotes, prokary- that up to 90% of the human genome may be transcribed. otes, and Archaea). Concerning this last point, ncRNAs have According to actual estimates, the proteome genome (i.e., all been detected in organisms at all evolutionary levels, includ- genomic sequences involved in mRNA synthesis) occupies ing bacteria: this confirms their high functional biomolecular only up to 4% of the human genome [1]. The remaining part, importance within living organisms. This special issue com- which may be provisionally named as noncoding RNA prises 5 research and 6 review articles, which describe several genome (ncRNA genome), comprises genes encoding a pleth- aspects of the molecular structure and functions of ncRNAs ora of structurally and functionally different RNAs other (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs), both in physiology than mRNAs: since most of these apparently do not code and in pathology. Identification and characterization of for proteins, they have been labelled noncoding RNAs structure and function of new RNA molecules are easier (ncRNAs) [2]. These data have determined a radical para- and faster to obtain than in the past thanks to the recent digm shift in biomolecular medicine and modified our vision progress in high-throughput molecular biology techniques of genome structure and functions. They also changed objec- and bioinformatic analysis, especially applied to next- tives and perspectives of genomic research. As reminded generation sequencing (NGS). Among ncRNAs, miRNAs above, the ncRNA genome very likely occupies a very large are the most known and well characterized: they belong to molecular space; accordingly, it seems logical to hypothesize the class of small ncRNAs and act as negative regulators of that the molecular explanation of important biopathological gene expression at posttranscriptional level [3–6]. Each of phenomena (i.e., normal development and differentiation them is estimated to regulate the expression of up to 200 dif- together with their pathological alterations) is to be found ferent target mRNAs; accordingly, miRNAs occupy a leading in these regions. It is interesting to remark that they were position within molecular cell networks and their function is once deemed to be devoid of any biological function and critical in regulating both physiological and pathological inappropriately labeled as garbage DNA.Different parame- processes (e.g., cancer and neurodegenerative and neuropsy- ters are actually applied to classify and analyze ncRNAs: (1) chiatric diseases). Research in the field of miRNAs, and molecular length and structure [e.g., microRNAs (miRNAs), ncRNAs in general, ranges from investigation of pathways long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs)]; that are involved in their use as therapeutic agents and as (2) mode of expression (housekeeping ncRNAs versus cell diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. All these aspects are type-specific ncRNAs); (3) molecular mechanism of action dealt with within this special issue. I. Grossi and colleagues (miRNAs are mechanically the best characterized ncRNAs); review the characterized functions of miR-193a-3p, both as 2 International Journal of Genomics physiological negative regulator of cell cycle progression in contribute to the final cell phenotype. A final and very impor- several cell types (i.e., endothelial colony forming cells, tant consideration is that we are firmly convinced that all myofibers, and uterine epithelial cells) and as tumour sup- present and future improvements (both theoretical and tech- pressor downregulated in several cancers. The same authors nological) of the scientific community should be considered suggest an in-depth analysis aimed to unravel the role of in light of bioethics: the thirst for knowledge is one of the most miR-193a-3p in Parkinson’s disease or schizophrenia. Study sublime characteristics of man, but at its foundation there is of physiological processes as ageing can suggest how a spe- always an ethical motivation. In today’s scientific research, cific pathway is perturbed in pathological condition: this is the experiment, in itself, can modify irreversibly what we are the case of the paper by P. Balaskas and colleagues who sug- together with all that surrounds us (see CRIPSR/Cas9 tech- gest a battery of miRNAs for future functional studies in oste- nology). We
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