NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 BUTTE-ANACONDA HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: Butte-Anaconda Historic District (Revised documentation) Other Name/Site Number: Butte Historic District NHL Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway Historic District Headframes and Mine Yards in Butte Socialist Hall, Butte Anaconda Commercial Historic District Anaconda Goosetown Historic District Anaconda West Side Historic District Anaconda Mining Company Smoke Stack Tuttle Manufacturing and Supply Company 2. LOCATION Street & Number: Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A City/Town: Walkerville, Butte and Anaconda State: Montana Counties: Silver Bow and Deer Lodge Code: 093, 023 Zip Code: 59701, 59711 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property: Category of Property: Public: X Building(s): ___ Private/Local: X District: X State: X Site: ___ Public-Federal: X Structure: ___ Object: ___ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 5952 1872 building(s) 2 1 sites 36 21 structures 1 0 objects 5991 1894 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: N/A (Contributing resources were not formally tallied in earlier Butte NHL listings) Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 BUTTE-ANACONDA HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this ____ nomination ____ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property ____ meets ____ does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of Commenting or Other Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau 5. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that this property is: ___ Entered in the National Register ___ Determined eligible for the National Register ___ Determined not eligible for the National Register ___ Removed from the National Register ___ Other (explain): Signature of Keeper Date of Action NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 BUTTE-ANACONDA HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 3 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 6. FUNCTION OR USE Historic: Sub: INDUSTRY Extractive Facility, Manufacturing Facility, Processing Site, Industrial Storage TRANSPORTATION Rail-related, Road-related SOCIAL Meeting Hall DOMESTIC Single Dwelling, Multiple Dwelling, Boardinghouse, Hotel COMMERCE Organizational, Business, Professional, Financial Institution, Warehouse, Grocery Store, Specialty Store, Restaurant Current: INDUSTRY Extractive Facility, Manufacturing Facility, Industrial Storage TRANSPORTATION Rail-related, Road-related, Pedestrian-related DOMESTIC Single Dwelling, Multiple Dwelling, Hotel COMMERCE Business, Professional, Financial Institution, Warehouse, Grocery Store, Specialty Store, Restaurant 7. DESCRIPTION ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION: LATE VICTORIAN: Queen Anne, Italianate, Second Empire, Gothic, Shingle Style, Romanesque MID-19th CENTURY: Exotic Revival LATE 19TH & 20TH CENTURY REVIVALS: French Renaissance, Georgian Revival, Late Gothic Revival, Colonial Revival, Neo-Classical Revival, Tudor Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival LATE 19TH & EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS: Sullivanesque, Prairie School, Bungalow/Craftsman, Commercial MODERN MOVEMENT: Art Deco OTHER: Vernacular: Four-square, Shotgun, Gable Front and Wing, Bay-Fronted Flat, Porch-Fronted Walkup, Two-Story Flat MATERIALS: Foundation: Stone, Brick, Concrete Walls: Wood, Stone, Brick, Concrete, Metal, Terra Cotta, Synthetics Roof: Wood, Metal, Asphalt Other: Metal, Slag, Glass NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 BUTTE-ANACONDA HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 4 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form SECTION 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Overview: Butte-Anaconda NHL District Overview: Walkerville Overview: Butte Developmental History of Butte Butte Neighborhood Descriptions: Centerville Central Business District St. Mary’s Neighborhood South Butte South Central Neighborhood East Side Neighborhood Northwest-Big Butte Neighborhood West Side Neighborhood Southwest Neighborhood Smelter District Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology Butte Mine Yards Socialist Hall Overview: Anaconda Developmental History of Anaconda Anaconda Neighborhood Descriptions: Commercial Historic District West Side Goosetown Anaconda Copper Mining Company Smoke Stack Tuttle Manufacturing and Supply Company Foundry Overview: Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway (BA & P) Integrity of the Butte-Anaconda Historic District NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 BUTTE-ANACONDA HISTORIC DISTRICT Page 5 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Describe Present and Historic Physical Appearance. INTRODUCTION The Butte-Anaconda National Historic Landmark encompasses 9,774 acres, within which are 7,910 resources, roughly three-quarters of which (6,015), contribute to the national significance of the district. The district’s contributing resources include 5,975 buildings, two sites, 37 structures and one object. The nation’s largest NHL (in terms of resource count), the Butte-Anaconda NHL district includes three communities – Butte, Anaconda and Walkerville – as well as the Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railroad (BA & P). Butte (population 34,000), which is the largest of the three communities, was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1961.1 Walkerville (population 700) is adjacent to Butte and, though sometimes viewed as a neighborhood within Butte, is a distinct community with its own government. Anaconda (population 9,000) is approximately 26 miles west of Butte, connected to its “sister city” by the Deer Lodge Valley and the BA & P rail link. In 1961, Butte’s national prominence as a copper-producing center was recognized with its designation as a National Historic Landmark under the theme of Westward Expansion (Mining Frontier of the Trans- Mississippi West). In 1972, a nomination was prepared that defined the period of significance as 1864- 1922; the NHL boundary encompassed 2,720 acres of Butte’s uptown sector and a preliminary list of 31 sites and structures based upon a “visual survey of the ‘old town.’”2 The 1972 nomination recommended that an in-depth study be conducted to further refine the boundaries. This nomination accomplishes that boundary revision, and expands the boundaries of the NHL to include all of the copper district’s nationally significant mining resources that retain a high degree of integrity, including those within Walkerville, which was the site of the NHL district’s earliest mining operations (as well as the focus of its first labor strike), and Anaconda, a company town that was specifically established as the smelting center for Butte, and which is integral to the history of copper production with the NHL district. As noted in Section 8, this nomination also expands the district thematically, to include nationally significant resources associated with the history of American Labor. As amended, the Butte-Anaconda NHL district is an outstanding representation of national mining and labor history, representing the NHL Thematic Framework’s Theme V., Developing the American Economy. The district as a whole and all of its essential components retain an impressively high level of integrity. The sheer number of extant contributing resources and the unique industrial character of the district are extraordinary, and represent an era and a way of life tied to the industrial growth of the nation. Specific resources within the landmark district that embody these themes include: • First and foremost, the headframes, mill buildings, mines, mine yards and industrial resources that reflect Butte Hill’s 50-year reign as the world’s most productive copper district. • The Granite Mountain Mine, site of the disastrous Granite Mountain/Speculator fire that galvanized labor activists and precipitated formation of the Metal Mine Workers’ Union and events leading to the lynching of International Workers of the World (IWW) leader Frank Little. • The historic community of Walkerville, birthplace of Butte mining and the incubator of investment resources that gave rise to a copper-based mining empire. 1 Also within the town of Butte is the individually designated Burton Wheeler House National Historic Landmark (1976). 2 The 1864 beginning date for this period of significance marked the first mining discoveries in the area, which were silver rather than copper. The 1922 ending date was, presumably, the 50-year cut-off date for historical significance, as the nomination was prepared in 1972.