Plasticizers
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II. Plasticizer-Free Polyvinyl Chloride, Plasticizer-Free Copolymers of Vinyl
This is an unofficial translation. Only the German version is binding. II. Plasticizer-free Polyvinyl Chloride, Plasticizer-free Copolymers of Vinyl Chlo- ride and Mixtures of these Polymers with other Copolymers and Chlorinated Polyolefins Containing Mainly Vinyl Chloride in the Total Mixture As of 01.01.2012 The monomers and other starting substances as well as additives used in the production of plasticizer-free polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer-free copolymers of vinyl chloride containing mainly vinyl chloride, mixtures of these polymers with other copolymers, and chlorinated polyolefins containing mainly vinyl chloride in the total mixture are subject to the requirements of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Otherwise, there are no objections to the use of these plastics for commodities in the sense of § 2, Para. 6, No 1 of the Food and Feed Code (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), pro- vided they are suitable for their intended purpose and comply with the following conditions: 1. The use of monomers and other starting materials for polyethylene is subject to the stipula- tions of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. The evaluation presented in the following refers to polymers from the following monomeric starting substances: a) Vinyl chloride b) Vinylidene chloride c) Trans-dichloroethylene d) Vinylesters of aliphatic carbonic acids C2-C18, in so far as covered by the positive list of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 e) Esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or maleic acid or fumaric acid with -
A Rapid and Robust Method for Determination of 35 Phthalates in Influent, Effluent and Biosolids from Wastewater Treatment Plants
37th International Symposium on Halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants Vancouver, Canada August 20-25, 2017 Page 1 – June-14-17 Page 2 – June-14-17 Page 3 – June-14-17 A Rapid and Robust Method for Determination of 35 Phthalates in Influent, Effluent and Biosolids from Wastewater Treatment Plants Tommy BISBICOS, Grazina PACEPAVICIUS and Mehran ALAEE Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada Burlington, Ontario Canada L7S 1A1 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) • PVC was accidentally synthesized in 1835 by French chemist Henri Victor Regnault • Ivan Ostromislensky and Fritz Klatte both attempted to use PVC in commercial products, • But difficulties in processing the rigid, sometimes brittle polymer blocked their efforts. • Waldo Semon and the B.F. Goodrich Company developed a method in 1926 to plasticize PVC by blending it with various additives. • The result was a more flexible and more easily processed material that soon achieved widespread commercial use. From Wikipedia; accessed Oct, 2014 Plasticizers • Most vinyl products contain plasticizers which dramatically improve their performance characteristic. The most common plasticizers are derivatives of phthalic acid. • The materials are selected on their compatibility with the polymer, low volatility levels, and cost. • These materials are usually oily colorless substances that mix well with the PVC particles. • 90% of the plasticizer market is dedicated to PVC • worldwide annual production of phthalates in 2010 was estimated at 4.9 million tones* From Wikipedia; accessed Oct, 2014; and Emanuel C (2011) Plasticizer market update. http://www.cpsc.gov/about/cpsia/chap/spi.pdf (accessed March, 2014). Phthalate Uses • Plasticizers: – Wire and cable, building and construction, flooring, medical, automotive, household etc., • Solvents: – Cosmetics, creams, fragrances, candles, shampoos etc. -
Consumer Safety Compliance Standards for Use with These New Testing Regulations
Your Science Is Our Passion® Consumer Safety Analytical Standards for Consumer Safety Compliance New regulations are constantly being enacted to protect consumers from a variety of potentially dangerous compounds and elements. Recent global regulations have restricted levels of heavy metals in consumer products and waste electronics. Regulations have also been enacted to control a variety of phthalates in children’s products. SPEX CertiPrep has continued to lead the Certified Reference Materials field by creating a line of Consumer Safety Compliance Standards for use with these new testing regulations. For additional product information, please visit www.spexcertiprep.com/inorganic-standards/consumer-safety-standards-inorganic for Inorganic products and www.spexcertiprep.com/organic-standards/consumer-safety-standards-organic for Organic products. Phthalates in Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Polyvinyl chloride, or PVC, is a very common plastic used in a wide range of common consumer products, from children’s toys and care items to building and construction materials. In the US, ASTM and the CPSC have designated methods for testing children’s toys and childcare articles for compliance with the restricted use of six designated phthalates: DBP, BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DIDP, and DINP. SPEX CertiPrep is proud to offer the first Certified Reference Materials for phthalates in polyvinyl chloride produced under the guidelines of ISO 9001:2015, ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016. Designed for Methods: • US Methods CPSC-CH-C1001-09.3 • ASTM D7823-13 • EU -
Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi
Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi Cite this article as: Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi. Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate[J]. Chinese J. Polym. Sci, 2019, 37(7): 681-686. doi: 10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y View online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y Articles you may be interested in Antistatic PVC-graphene Composite through Plasticizer-mediated Exfoliation of Graphite Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2018, 36(12): 1361 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2160-5 SYNTHESIS OF POLYURETHANE MODIFIED BISMALEIMIDE (UBMI) AND POLYURETHANE-IMIDE ELASTOMER Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2008, 26(1): 117 Synthesis and Properties of Reversible Disulfide Bond-based Self-healing Polyurethane with Triple Shape Memory Properties Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2019, 37(11): 1119 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2268-2 增塑剂对碱木质素/HDPE复合材料性能影响研究 The Effect of Plasticizer on the Properties of Alkali Lignin/HDPE Composites 高分子学报. 2014(2): 210 https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1105.2014.13204 泊肃叶流中环形高分子的迁移行为及与线性高分子的差异 Migration of Ring Polymers in Poiseuille Flow and Comparison with Linear Polymers 高分子学报. 2019, 50(11): 1229 https://doi.org/10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.19074 聚醚硅油表面迁移行为对聚苯乙烯表面极性的影响 THE IMPROVEMENT OF POLARITY OF POLYSTYRENE SURFACE BY THE SELECTIVE SURFACE MIGRATION OF POLYETHER SILICOME OIL 高分子学报. 2007(2): 165 Chinese Journal of POLYMER SCIENCE ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y -
Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers With
materials Review Recent Attempts in the Design of Efficient PVC Plasticizers with Reduced Migration Joanna Czogała 1,2,3,* , Ewa Pankalla 2 and Roman Turczyn 1,* 1 Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland 2 Research and Innovation Department, Grupa Azoty Zakłady Azotowe K˛edzierzynS.A., Mostowa 30A, 47-220 K˛edzierzyn-Ko´zle,Poland; [email protected] 3 Joint Doctoral School, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (R.T.) Abstract: This paper reviews the current trends in replacing commonly used plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, formulations by new compounds with reduced migration, leading to the enhance- ment in mechanical properties and better plasticizing efficiency. Novel plasticizers have been divided into three groups depending on the replacement strategy, i.e., total replacement, partial replacement, and internal plasticizers. Chemical and physical properties of PVC formulations containing a wide range of plasticizers have been compared, allowing observance of the improvements in polymer per- formance in comparison to PVC plasticized with conventionally applied bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate and di-n-octyl terephthalate. Among a variety of newly developed plasticizers, we have indicated those presenting excellent migration resistance and advantageous mechanical properties, as well as those derived from natural sources. A separate chapter has been dedicated to the description of a synergistic effect of a mixture of two plasticizers, primary and secondary, that benefits in migration suppression when secondary plasticizer is added to PVC blend. -
WO 2017/004282 Al 5 January 2017 (05.01.2017) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/004282 Al 5 January 2017 (05.01.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 8/35 (2006.01) A61K 8/37 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, (21) International Application Number: BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, PCT/US20 16/040224 DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, 29 June 2016 (29.06.2016) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, (25) Filing Language: English PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (26) Publication Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 62/186,240 29 June 2015 (29.06.2015) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant: TAKASAGO INTERNATION CORPORA¬ GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TION (USA) [US/US]; 4 Volvo Drive, Rockleigh, NJ TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, 07647 (US). -
HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS a Compilation of Substances Linked to Asthma
HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS A Compilation of Substances Linked to Asthma Prepared by Perkins+Will for the National Institutes of Health, Division of Environmental Protection, as part of a larger effort to promote health in the built environment. July 2011 PURPOSE STATEMENT This report was prepared by Perkins+Will on behalf of the National Institutes of Health, Office of Research Facilities, Division of Environmental Protection, as part of a larger effort to promote health in the built environment. Our research team noted that based on extensive experience, there is a need for more research on the impact that materials and conditions in the built environment have on occupant health. Additionally, existing research data has not been compiled and made available in a form that is readily usable by building professionals for integrating health protective features in the design and construction of buildings. Toward meeting these needs our research team set out to compile data on substances in the built environment that may cause or aggravate asthma, a disease of high and increasing prevalence and major economic importance. This list should be a valuable resource for identifying asthma triggers and asthmagens, minimizing their use in building materials and furnishings, and contributing to our larger goals of fostering healthier built environments. HEALTHY ENVIRONMENTS CONTENTS 02 Purpose Statement 04 Executive Summary 05 Defining Asthma 06 Asthma in the Global Context 07 Cost of Asthma 08 Framing the Issue 10 Asthma Triggers and Asthmagens 10 Development -
Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Cross Linked Sulphonated Poly(ether ether ketone) for the Development of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Abdul Ghaffar Al Lafi, MSc. A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Metallurgy and Materials, The College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. September 2009 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Synopsis Ion irradiation has been investigated as a route for the preparation of mechanically stable and highly durable cross linked sulphonated PEEK for fuel cell application. Ion irradiation was carried out using the University of Birmingham’s Scanditronix MC-40 Cyclotron operating at 11.7 MeV for H+ and 30 MeV for He2+ and the irradiated materials were characterized focusing on structural, thermal, morphological as well as dielectrical properties. Alterations produced in the molecular structure of amorphous PEEK by ion irradiation have been interpreted as due to chain scission and formation of cross links, as confirmed by sol-gel analysis in MSA using the well known Charlesby–Pinner equation. The thermal decomposition of irradiated PEEK was similar to that of untreated PEEK in that it occurred by a random chain scission process. -
High Performance Ester Plasticizers
High Performance Ester Plasticizers Abstract Traditional elastomer polymers, such as nitrile, polychloroprene, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene, have for years used moderate- to low- performance ester plasticizers. However, longevity requirements for rubber articles made from these elastomers have created a need for higher-performance ester plasticizers. With the increasing high-temperature demands required by automotive, other elastomers such as acrylic, high-saturated nitrile, epichlorohydrin and ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM are replacing the more traditional elastomers. Plasticizers commonly used for the traditional and the high-temperature polymers are extractable, incompatible or too volatile. This paper provides information on plasticizers that are designed for traditional elastomers and high-performance polymers. The test data will include heat aging, extraction by hydrocarbons and low-temperature as molded after aging. The information provided indicates that the permanence of the plasticizer after these various agings is the key to the retention of physical properties. Introduction End uses for elastomer compounds are quite diverse, but they can be loosely categorized as being either general performance or higher performance applications. Each of these performance categories requires a different set of considerations in terms of compounding with ester plasticizers. An ester plasticizer, in its simplest concept, is a high-boiling organic solvent that when added to an elastomeric polymer reduces stiffness and permits easier processing.1 For general performance applications, compounders require moderate performance in several areas without particular emphasis on any one. Some general performance ester plasticizers used in the marketplace today are DOA, DIDA, DIDP, DOP, DINP and other phthalates and adipates made from straight-chain alcohols of 7–11 carbons in length. -
CAS 84-69-5 Diisobutyl Phthalate (DIBP)
CAS 84-69-5 Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) Toxicity The European Union classified DIBP as a reproductive Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC).1 A 2011 study observed decreased testicular testosterone in male rats fed DIBP for 4 days.2 Borch et al. 2006 found male offspring of female rats exposed to DIBP from gestation day 7 to gestation day 20 or 21 had significantly reduced anogenital distance.3 The Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (CHAP) determined, due to toxicological profile similarities to Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), exposure to DIBP contributes to a cumulative antiandrogenic effect with other phthalates and should be permanently banned in children’s toys and child care articles at levels greater than 0.1 percent.4 In 2017 the CPSC permanently banned DIBP in children’s toys and childcare articles at levels greater than 0.1 percent.5 Exposure The 2015 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) monitored a metabolite of DIBP in human urine, and the levels appear to be increasing.6 Metabolites of DIBP were detected in the urine of pregnant Danish women in a 2010-2012 study.7 A significant correlation was found between DIBP metabolite concentrations in the urine of Danish children and increased levels of DIBP in bedroom dust and day care centers.8 Other DIBP is used as a substitute ingredient to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) due to structural similarities, therefore, its’ presence in products may increase.3 References 1. European Commission, Endocrine disruptor priority list. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/endocrine/strategy/substances_en.htm 2. Hannas, B.R., Lambright, C.S., Furr, J., Howdeshell, K.L., Wilson, V.S., Gray, L.E., Jr. -
Chemical Resistance of Plastics
(c) Bürkle GmbH 2010 Important Important information The tables “Chemical resistance of plastics”, “Plastics and their properties” and “Viscosity of liquids" as well as the information about chemical resistance given in the particular product descriptions have been drawn up based on information provided by various raw material manufacturers. These values are based solely on laboratory tests with raw materials. Plastic components produced from these raw materials are frequently subject to influences that cannot be recognized in laboratory tests (temperature, pressure, material stress, effects of chemicals, construction features, etc.). For this reason the values given are only to be regarded as being guidelines. In critical cases it is essential that a test is carried out first. No legal claims can be derived from this information; nor do we accept any liability for it. A knowledge of the chemical and mechanical Copyright This table has been published and updated by Bürkle GmbH, D-79415 Bad Bellingen as a work of reference. This Copyright clause must not be removed. The table may be freely passed on and copied, provided that Extensions, additions and translations If your own experiences with materials and media could be used to extend this table then we would be pleased to receive any additional information. Please send an E-Mail to [email protected]. We would also like to receive translations into other languages. Please visit our website at http://www.buerkle.de from time to Thanks Our special thanks to Franz Kass ([email protected]), who has completed and extended these lists with great enthusiasm and his excellent specialist knowledge. -
Appendix B Reproductive and Other Toxicology
Report to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission by the CHRONIC HAZARD ADVISORY PANEL ON PHTHALATES AND PHTHALATE ALTERNATIVES July 2014 APPENDIX B REPRODUCTIVE AND OTHER TOXICOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Nonreproductive Toxicity ................................................................................................ 2 2 Permanently Banned Phthalates .............................................................................................. 3 2.1 Di-n-Butyl Phthalate (DBP) ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Human Data .............................................................................................................. 3 2.1.2 Animal Data .............................................................................................................. 4 2.1.3 Studies Reported Since the NTP-CERHR Report in 2000 ....................................... 4 2.2 Butylbenzyl Phthalate (BBP) ........................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Human Data .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.2 Animal Data .............................................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 Studies Reported Since the NTP-CERHR Report in 2003 ......................................