Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society Winter 2018 Professionalism A core tenet of AΩA THE PHAROS of Alpha Omega Alpha honor medical society WINTER 2018 Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society “Be Worthy to Serve the Suffering” Founded by William W. Root in 1902 Editor Richard L. Byyny, MD Officers and Directors at Large Eve Higginbotham, SM, MD President Managing Editor Dee Martinez Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Alan G. Robinson, MD Art Director and Illustrator Jim M’Guinness President Elect Los Angeles, California Designer Erica Aitken Joseph W. Stubbs, MD, MACP Immediate Past President Albany, Georgia Wiley Souba, Jr., MD, DSc, MBA Editorial Board Secretary-Treasurer Hanover, New Hampshire Robert G. Atnip, MD, FACS, RPVI Jeremiah A. Barondess, MD James G. Gamble, MD, PhD C. Ronald Mackenzie, MD Hershey, Pennsylvania New York, New York Stanford, California New York, New York Holly J. Humphrey, MD David A. Bennahum, MD Michael Gerber, MD Philip A. Mackowiak, MD Chicago, Illinois Albuquerque, New Mexico Denver, Colorado Baltimore, Maryland Richard B. Gunderman, MD, PhD John A. Benson, Jr., MD Dean G. Gianakos, MD Ashley Mann, MD Portland, Oregon Lynchburg, Virginia Kansas City, Kansas Indianapolis, Indiana Richard Bronson, MD Jean D. Gray, MD J. Joseph Marr, MD Sheryl Pfeil, MD Stony Brook, New York Halifax, Nova Scotia Broomfield, Colorado Columbus, Ohio John C.M. Brust, MD Richard B. Gunderman, MD, PhD Aaron McGuffin, MD New York, New York Indianapolis, Indiana Huntington, West Virginia John Tooker, MD, MBA Charles S. Bryan, MD Lara Hazelton, MD Stephen J. McPhee, MD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Columbia, South Carolina Halifax, Nova Scotia San Francisco, California Steven A. Wartman, MD, PhD Robert A. Chase, MD David B. Hellmann, MD Janice Townley Moore Washington, DC Peterborough, New Hampshire Baltimore, Maryland Young Harris, Georgia Lynn M. Cleary, MD Pascal J. Imperato, MD, MPH&TM Francis A. Neelon, MD Syacuse, New York Brooklyn, NY Durham, North Carolina Medical Organization Director Fredric L. Coe, MD Therese Jones, PhD Douglas S. Paauw, MD, MACP Atul Grover, MD Chicago, Illinois Aurora, Colorado Seattle, Washington Association of American Medical Colleges Jack Coulehan, MD John A. Kastor, MD John S. Sergent, MD Washington DC Stony Brook, New York Baltimore, Maryland Nashville, Tennessee Gregory Davis, MD Henry Langhorne, MD Jan van Eys, PhD, MD Councilor Directors Lexington, Kentucky Pensacola, Florida Nashville, Tennessee Regina Gandour-Edwards, MD Lawrence L. Faltz, MD Jenna Le, MD Abraham Verghese, MD, DSc University of California Davis School of Medicine Larchmont, New York New York, New York (Hon.) J. Mark Kinzie, MD Joseph J. Fins, MD Michael D. Lockshin, MD Stanford, California Oregon Health and Science University School New York, New York New York, New York Steven A. Wartman, MD, PhD of Medicine Faith T. Fitzgerald, MD Jerome Lowenstein, MD Washington, DC Kahtleen F. Ryan, MD Sacramento, California New York, New York Gerald Weissmann, MD Drexel University School of Medicine Lester D. Friedman, PhD Kenneth M. Ludmerer, MD New York, New York Geneva, New York St. Louis, Missouri Coordinator, Residency Initiatives Suzann Pershing, MD Stanford University www.alphaomegaalpha.org Student Directors Jeremy T. Bolin Uniformed Services University of the Health Manuscripts being prepared for The Pharos should be typed double-spaced and conform to the format outlined Sciences F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine in the manuscript submission guidelines appearing on our website: www.alphaomegaalpha.org/contributors.html. Editorial material should be sent to Richard L. Byyny, MD, Editor, The Pharos, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Suite Samantha Dizon 270, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: [email protected]. University of Maryland School of Medicine Requests for reprints of individual articles should be forwarded directly to the authors. Sean Christensen, MSIV The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society (ISSN 0031-7179) is published quarterly by Alpha University of South Carolina School of Medicine Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Suite 270, Aurora, CO 80045, and printed by The Ovid Bell Press, Inc., Fulton, Missouri 65251. Periodicals postage paid at the post office at Aurora, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2017, by Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. The contents of The Pharos can only be reproduced with the written permission of the editor or managing editor. (ISSN 0031- Administrative Office 7179). Richard L. Byyny, MD Circulation information: The Pharos is sent to all dues-paying members of Alpha Omega Alpha at no additional Executive Director cost. All correspondence relating to circulation should be directed to Ms. Dee Martinez, 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, Colorado Suite 270, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: [email protected]. 12635 E. Montview Blvd, Suite 270, Aurora, CO 80045 POSTMASTER: Change service requested: Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society, 12635 E. Telephone: (720) 859-4149 Montview Blvd, Suite 270, Aurora, CO 80045. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Editorial I Medical professionalism in the modern era Richard L. Byyny, MD, FACP 12 AΩA 2016-2017 Fellows in Leadership are prepared to serve by Richard Byyny, MD, FACP; Brian Clyne, MD; Nora Gimpel, MD; and Susan Lane, MD 20 Quest for the AIDS virus Harry W. Haverkos, MD 28 Update on the Aliki Initiative at year 10: Changing the culture of medicine to know our patients as individuals Laura A. Hanyok, MD; Janet D. Record, MD; Colleen Christmas, MD; David B. Hellmann, MD; Cynthia S. Rand, PhD; Roy C. Ziegelstein, MD 35 But Momma why? Lama R. Noureddine 36 The importance of medical mnemonics in medicine James B. Lewis, Jr., MD, MACP; Rebekah Mulligan, MD; Neal Kraus, MD 43 Parallel Universes: Will higher education follow medicine? J. Joseph Marr, MD 49 Finding strength in my weakness: A reflection on becoming a patient in medical school Samantha Roman, MD Winter 2018 Winter • 51 Whiznap for elderly male multitaskers Martin Kohn, PhD 52 The Army Medical Corps Reserve in World War I: Centennial notes and letters from the front Francis A. Wood, MD 60 Reviews and reflections Volume 81 Number 1 Number 81 Volume 63 Chapter and National news • 64 Medicine on the big and small screen: Awakenings The Pharos IN THIS ISSUE Medical professionalism in the modern era by Richard L. Byyny, MD, FACP he modern era of medicine has brought about and other aspects of the modern era. incredible advances in science and technology The changes presented by this modern era require lead- designed to improve the care of patients and popu- ership and education on the critical core values and ethics Tlation health. At the same time, major social changes are in medicine, and the care of the patient. occurring that impact society, patients, physicians, medi- cine, health care, and medical education. Professionalism past, present, and future Medical professionals are governed by ethical codes, The first oath for medical ethics was written as The and profess a commitment to competence, integrity, mo- Code of Hammurabi in 2000 BC. Hippocrates and rality, altruism, and support of the public good. This is a Maimonides subsequently developed oaths codifying the social contract, a covenant of trust with patients and soci- practice of medicine as the sacred trust of the physician ety that determines medicine’s values and responsibilities to protect and care for the patient, and a set of values for in the care of the patient. physicians.2,3 Both emphasized teaching and learning, Medical professionalism continues to be a core value and the primacy of benefiting the sick according to one’s and responsibility of physicians in the care of patients. Sir ability and judgment while adhering to high principles William Osler made the point, “the good physician treats and ideals. These oaths were a form of social contract the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has that codified what patients and society should expect the disease.” 1 As physicians and medical professionals from the physician. committed to caring for patients, meeting professional- Hippocrates combined physicians’ scientific and ethical ism responsibilities requires that we identify, understand, promises with the precept against intentional harm as a develop, and implement best practices in the education central ethical duty, and humility as a core virtue. and development of future generations of physicians, and In the 1800s, Thomas Percival developed the concept of medical professionals. shared professional responsibilities with the Manchester As an important part of our commitment to medical infirmary rules.4 He recognized the complexity of the professionalism, we must address the role of changes in medical environment in hospitals, coined the terms “medi- society, our profession, scientific medicine, students, resi- cal ethics” and “professional ethics,” and developed the dents, colleagues, the business of medicine, government, profession’s compact with society. 2 The Pharos/Winter 2018 The 1847 Code of Medical Ethics of the American A profession is an occupation for which the necessary Medical Association was a landmark in medical profes- preliminary training is intellectual in character, involving sionalism.5 Derived from Percival’s earlier work, it was the knowledge, and to some extent learning, as distinguished first national code of ethics for any profession. It was an from their skill; a profession is an occupation which is explicit professional compact defining obligations to pa- pursued largely for others and not merely for oneself; it is tients, colleagues, and community, along with reciprocity. an occupation in which the amount of financial return is It implied social and economic rewards for those in the not the accepted measure of success.6 profession in exchange for putting patients’ interests first, and required competence of practitioners and guarding of In 2004, Drs. Richard and Sylvia Cruess wrote that the the public’s health. profession of medicine is: AΩA was founded in 1902, before the Flexner re- port and the Liaison Committee on Medical Education.