Vikas Kumar Vidyarthi et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Investigation of sensitivity of popular training methods to initial weights in ANN rainfall-runoff modeling Vikas Kumar Vidyarthi and Ashu Jain Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India
unoff estimation is a key input in any water resource management activity. It is generally estimated by developing rainfall- Rrunoff (RR) models. There are many techniques employed for RR modeling and artificial neural network (ANN) is one of the popular methods among them. The gradient descent (GD) and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization methods are commonly adopted algorithms for the training of ANN models. It has been reported that the performance of these algorithms is always sensitive to their initial weights. In this paper, the sensitivity of these two training algorithms to initial weights in the performance of ANN-RR model was investigated. The best ANN architecture was determined using a trial and error procedure in which the number of hidden neurons was varied from 1 to 20 and the architecture giving best performance in terms of certain error statistics was selected as the best. Each of the twenty architectures was trained using BPA and LMA and the best architecture was selected, named ANN-BPA and ANN-LMA, respectively. Then, these best ANN architectures were trained on ten different set of initial weights using both BPA and LMA. The performance of the best ANN model trained by BPA and LMA on different initial weights was then compared using standard error statistical measures. The daily rainfall, runoff data derived from Bird creek basin, Oklahoma, USA have been employed to develop all the models included here. The input variables were selected on the basis of correlation analysis. The performance evaluation statistics such as average absolute relative error (AARE), Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and threshold statistics (TS) were used for comparing all the models developed using both the optimization algorithm here. Based on the results obtained in this study, it has been found that the LMA trained ANN model performed better than the BPA trained ANN model. Further, the LMA trained ANN model is found to be more robust than the BPA trained ANN model as the ten different set of initial weights result into final solution similar to each other in case of the LMA trained ANN models.
Biography Vikas Kumar Vidyarthi is a PhD student in the Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 72 Ila Dashora et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Comparative study of ARIMA, Thomas Fiering and ANN models for streamflow generation of intermittent river for Narmada River basin Ila Dashora, S K Singal and D K Srivastav Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India
ynthetic generation of streamflow data facilitates the planning and operation of water resource projects. Short term synthetic Sstreamflow generation helps to operate multipurpose water resource projects whereas long-term forecasting facilitates flood control operations. Significance of streamflow generation for intermittent river increases many fold so that available water can be use yearlong. In the present study monthly streamflow data for intermittent river Goi of Narmada river basin is been used. Herein the performance of stochastic streamflow generation models - ARIMA (p, d, q) and Thomas-Fiering model are being compared with Artificial Neural Network approach. The study reveals that ANN performs better than stochastic models. The neural network application in proportion of 70:15:15 for training, validation and testing respectively performs best among other ratios. Stochastic model ARIMA (2, 1, 2) has more reliability over Thomas-Fiering model. The performance is measured on the basis of RMSE and coefficient of determination. This forecasting is helpful for small dam construction so that water can be harnessed for multipurpose utility. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 73 Prasoon Kumar Singh et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Water contamination index: Important tools for groundwater quality assessment Prasoon Kumar Singh and Poornima Verma Indian School of Mines, India
ater is the essential part for the development of any area; in which groundwater is one of the most valuable resource Wand one of the basic needs for human being. The inadequate availability of surface water makes people dependent on ground water resources to fulfill their needs. Ground water is the major source of water supply for drinking purposes in most parts of India. It is also our most important sources for irrigation. But unfortunately, due to the rapid increase in population, intense urbanization and large extent of industrialization, ground water quality is being increasingly threatened by agricultural chemicals and disposal of urban and industrial wastes. It has been estimated that once pollution enters the subsurface environment, it may remain concealed for many years, becoming dispersed over wide areas of ground water aquifer and rendering ground water supplies unsuitable for consumption and other uses. The quality of water contamination index evaluation attempt single value which decreases the big quantity of parameters and represents data in a simple way. Water Contamination Index (Cd) is an effective tool for evaluating and mapping the degree of groundwater contamination. It is the sum of the individual factors of single component that exceeds the maximum permissible concentration of water quality parameters. These tools have been used for the classification of the contamination in terms of Low, Medium, or High grade. These methods provide a suitable technique to evaluate the actual and potential groundwater contamination of any area for environmental scientist and decision-makers. The present paper highlights in brief about the different contamination index methods for evaluation of groundwater quality assessment. [email protected] , [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 74 Ashwani Kumar Tiwari et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Quality assessment of mine water in the West Bokaro coalfield area, India Ashwani Kumar Tiwari, Prasoon Kumar Singh and Mukesh Kumar Mahato Indian School of Mines, India
est Bokaro coalfield plays an important role in Indian coal production. Coal is exploited by both opencast as well as Wunderground mining methods and during this process, a huge quantity of water is discharged from coal mines to the natural drainage to facilitate safe mining. The discharged mine water varies greatly in the concentration of contaminants present, and in some cases it may even meet the drinking water specification. A geochemical study of mine water in the West Bokaro coalfield has been undertaken to assess its quality and suitability for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. For this purpose, fifteen mine water samples collected from different mining areas of West Bokaro coalfield were analysed for pH, 2+ 2+ + + - l- electrical conductivity (EC), major cations (Ca , Mg , Na , K ), anions (F , C , HCO3-, SO42- and NO3-) and trace metals. pH of the analyzed water samples varied from 6.6 to 8.3 and the average pH was found to be 7.7 indicating mildly acidic to 2- 2+ 2+ slightly alkaline nature. SO4 and HCO3- are dominant in the anion and Ca and Mg in the cation chemistry of mine water. 2- The drinking water quality assessment indicates that number of mine water samples have high TDS, total hardness and SO4 , concentrations. Concentrations of some trace metals (i.e., Fe, Mn, Ni) were found to be above the levels recommended for drinking water. However, the mine water is good to permissible quality and suitable for irrigation, except at some sites, where higher salinity and Mg-ratio restrict its suitability for irrigation at some sites.
Biography Ashwani Kumar Tiwari is the youngest researcher in the field of Environmental Hydrogeochemistry, Water Resources Management and GIS. He is pursuing PhD research work entitled “GIS Based Aquifer Vulnerability Assessment and Qualitative Analysis of Water Resources in a Coal Mining Area, Jharkhand” at Indian School of Mines (ISM) Dhanbad, Jharkhand. He has done MSc and MPhil in Environmental Science with first class. He has worked as a Research Fellow about one & half years at Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India. He has published eight research papers in peer-reviewed international and national journals. He has also contributed four chapters in a research book and edited the proceeding of a National Seminar.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 75 Barikara Umesha, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Study of micro irrigation in soil less media for tomato in polyhouse cultivation Barikara Umesha University of Agricultural Science, Raichur, Karnataka, India
he field experiment on micro irrigation in soilless culture was conducted at Department of Soil and Water Conservation TEngineering, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the effect of drip irrigation on different soil less media and fertigation under naturally ventilated poly house for tomato. The highest yield per plant (2.16 kg/plant) and yield per hectare (112 t/ha) was registered in Peat:Vermicompost (T4F2 )and the lowest yield per plant was recorded in Coir pith:Vermicompost T2F1 (1.07 kg and 55.48 t/ha) respectively under polyhouse condition. The highest water use efficiency (1972.87 kg/ha.cm) was obtained in T4F2 and the lowest was obtained in T2F2 (977.30 kg/ha.cm) in poly house. The highest N fertilizer use efficiency (700 kg/ ha.kg of N) was recorded in T4F2 at 80% of fertigation and the least efficiency was noted in T2F1 (277 kg/ ha. kg of N). The highest K fertilizer use efficiency (560 kg/ ha.kg of K) was recorded in T4F2 at 80% of fertigation and the least efficiency (222 kg /ha.kg of K) was noted in T2F1. The highest benefit cost ratio 2.33 was recorded in T4F2. The physico-chemical properties like bulk density, particle density, water holding capacity, EC and pH have positive influence on tomato yield. Addition of peat would influence the physico-chemical properties of soil less medias.
Biography Barikara Umesha is pursuing his PhD at University of Agricultural Science, Raichur (Karnataka). He completed MTech (Ag Engg.) from TNAU, Coimbatore. He was awarded with Senior Research Fellow by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi and was selected for Student Fellowship by Tamil Nadu Council for Science and Technology, Chennai. He worked has Research Associate and Senior Research Fellow in different institutions for a period of two years. He has published more than 10 papers in international and national reputed journals, 25 abstracts, 4 popular articles, 4 practical manuals. He is the Life member in Indian Society of Agricultural Engineers (ISAE) New Delhi, Life member in Indian Institute of Engineers (IEI), Life member in Bose Science Society and Fellow of Bose Science Society (TN).
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 76 Rakesh Kant Kamal, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Application of water quality index for ground water quality assessment in mining talukas of Goa Rakesh Kant Kamal Indian School of Mines, India
n attempt has been made to understand the ground water quality by using the water quality index (WQI) in the mining Aregion of Goa. WQI, a technique of rating water quality, is an effective tool to assess spatial and temporal changes in ground water quality. Forty five groundwater samples were collected from open and tube wells during summer, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons. The groundwater samples were subjected to comprehensive physio-chemical analysis 2+ 2+ + + 2++ 2 3 involving major cations (Ca , Mg , Na , K , Fe ) anions ( HClO3-, Cl, SO4 -, NO3-, F-, PO4 -) besides general parameters (pH, EC, TDS, alkalinity, total hardness, color, turbidity). The water quality index rating was calculated to quantify overall water quality for human consumption. For calculating WQI 10 parameters, namely pH, TDS, total hardness, chloride, nitrate, turbidity, fluoride, iron, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness were considered. The values of WQI have been affected mainly by the concentration of dissolved ions (F, NO, Ca and Mg) in ground water. Concentration of dissolved solids found to be more during monsoon season. It may be due more seepage and movement of ground water due to excessive rainfall there. The values of WQI of the samples were found in the range of 8-12 for all the seasons and considered to be in the very good category.
Biography Rakesh Kant Kamal is pursuing PhD from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad Jharkhand. Currently he is working as Junior Research Fellow (JRF) in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, ISM, Dhanbad.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 77 Boddula Swathi et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Groundwater pollution management using simulation-optimization models Boddula Swathi and Eldho T I IIT Bombay, India
n view of the increasing population and uncontrolled pollution worldwide, there is an urgent need to manage and protect Ithe shrinking groundwater resources efficiently to ensure its sustainable utilization. The occurrences of groundwater contamination and quality of groundwater have become major issues since the discovery of numerous hazardous waste sites. The objectives of any groundwater pollution management system are to determine the presence and extent of dissolved or free-phase contaminants, as well as likely rate and direction of contaminant migration within the groundwater flow system through simulation models and to remediate the polluted sites with preventive measures with the help of optimization models. For these studies numerical modeling plays a pivotal role which helps end users/government in evolving useful guidelines for future planning. This paper gives the bird view of state of art available currently in the field of simulation-optimization modeling being applied in groundwater pollution management system including different in-situ and onsite remediation techniques. Special focus is laid upon the application of bioremediation technology. A case study with coupled simulation- optimization model is also presented depicting the methodology to be applied for a typical problem.
Biography Boddula Swathi is currently pursuing PhD in the field of Numerical Simulation of Groundwater systems from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay. She did her Masters from Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and Bachelors from University College of Engineering, Osmania University.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 78 Anil Barla et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Movement of arsenic in amon (monsoon) rice plants cultivated on arsenic contaminated agricultural fields of Nadia district, West Bengal Anil Barla, Anamika Shrivastava and Sutapa Bose Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India
griculture in West Bengal (WB) is the means of livelihood of about 65% of the population of the state living in villages. AThe agricultural economy of the state is heavily dependent on the vagaries of monsoon with an average annual rainfall of 195.98 cm. Approximately, 47% of the gross rice area is grown under rainfed condition. Rice is the main dietary source of arsenic consumption in this region where rice is a staple food. The presence of As in food through the water-soil crop routes has raised a worldwide concern in terms of food safety. This triggers a possible dietary risk to human health and also risk of environmental hazards. Accumulation of As by rice mostly depends on oxidation-reduction potential in plant and soil phosphate concentration, rhizosphere iron plaque formation, microbic activity, and rice selection. In spite of rice varieties, accumulation of As is observed approximately twenty eight times and seventy five folds higher in roots than that of shoot and raw rice of grain. The permissible limit of Asin rice grains is 1.0 mg Kg-1 as per World Health Organization. The present study was conducted in the months of August to November 2013 where the amon (monsoon) rice was collected to assess the arsenic concentration in different parts of rice plant. Mainly the mean arsenic concentration (mg/kg) in root of the matured plant was around 36 followed by straw, husk and grains as 16.28, 1.65 and 0.52 respectively. Thus, the present study reveals that rice grown in the study area is safe for consumption, for now. But, the arsenic accumulation in the crop should be monitored periodically as the level of arsenic toxicity in the study area is increasing day by day.Also consumption of rice straw containing considerable amount of arsenic by cattle could potentially lead to increased arsenic levels in meat or milk and thus posing threats to human health.
Biography Anil Barla is pursuing his second year of PhD.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 79 Neha Singh et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Role of hydrogeochemistry in the release of arsenic in 24 Parganas districts, West Bengal Neha Singh, Ratan Sen, Chandrasekhar Azad Vishwakarma and Saumitra Mukherjee Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
n West Bengal, arsenic contamination in groundwater is a crucial water quality problem. Various studies have reported Idifferent source of arsenic, but the source and mechanism of its release into groundwater is still not clear. In present study, based on the samples of the groundwater collected from North and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, an attempt has been made to understand the hydrogeochemistry of the area. Durov and Schoeller diagram shows the dominance of bicarbonate, chloride, alkali and alkaline earth metals. The groundwater quality data was subjected to various conventional graphs for evaluation of hydrogeochemistry. Silicate weathering and ion exchange are the dominant processes in the area with carbonate weathering at some of the places. Calcium and magnesium in the water are replaced by sodium and potassium from the host rocks as chloro-alkaline indices are negative at most of the places. Arsenic was reported to be adsorbed on the surface of grains coated with iron oxyhydroxides and to iron hydroxide coated sand grain margins and also to clay minerals. Saturation index indicates that groundwater is oversaturated with iron containing minerals like Goethite, hematite, Fe(OH)3 and iron oxyhydroxides. Goethite forms through the weathering of various iron rich minerals in the zone of oxidation within the soil. Oversaturation of Goethite in groundwater indicates that the mineral may have formed in the subsurface in aerated zone within the aquifer created by the fluctuation in the water table due to increased use of it for irrigation purpose. Weathering of iron rich minerals in the aquifer thus may be responsible for the release of arsenic into the groundwater. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 80 P Kumararaja et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Amino functionalized bentonite as a potential adsorbent for heavy metal removal from aqueous system P Kumararaja2 and K M Manjaiah1 1Indian Agricultural Research Institute, India 2Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, India
ollution of water with toxic substances especially heavy metal is of major concern for human health as well as for the Penvironmental quality and it has received a great deal of attention due to their toxic effect to the ecosystem, agriculture, and human health. Therefore, to control the heavy metal disposal into the environment by removing heavy metals various conventional technologies such as precipitation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and filtration had been developed. However, these methods have several disadvantages/limitations such as being expensive, generating secondary pollutants like sludge and ineffective in treating effluents with low metal concentrations etc. Among the physico-chemical treatments, adsorption process is easy to operate and can treat waste effluents with high loadings and at very low concentrations. Use of clays as adsorbents to remove contaminants has been increasingly paid attention because of their low cost and most effectiveness. Modified clay minerals with enhanced cation exchange capacity and specific surface area for the adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions, for the purpose of water purification or industrial wastewater treatment, have been widely studied. With this background, an amino functionalized bentonite was synthesized and characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, infra- red spectroscopy, scanning electron micrography, surface area and cation retention capacity. Batch adsorption experiment was carried out to study the potential of functionalized bentonite for heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni and Cd) sorption in aqueous system. The effect of adsorbent amount, pH and concentration of metals on the extent of adsorption was investigated. The adsorption data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Hargins-Jura and Flory-Huggins adsorption isotherms. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of functionalized bentonite as obtained from Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be 48.49 mg g-1, 42.99 mg g-1, 21.55 mg g-1 and 18.54 mg g-1 for Zn (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II), respectively. The order of adsorption capacity was found to be Zn (II) > Cu (II) > Ni (II) > Cd (II). The study demonstrates that amino functionalized bentonite could be potentially used for removal of Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II) and Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution.
Biography P Kumararaja has completed Post-graduation in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry from Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, India. He did his MSc research work on the topic “Fate of applied micronutrients to Organic matter”. He is a PhD Research Scholar at Indian Agricultural Research Institute in the Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry and is working on the topic “Modified clay minerals as heavy metal adsorbents and their influence on heavy metal uptake by crop plants”. At present he is working as Scientist in Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division (AAH&ED), Central Institute of Brackish Water Aquaculture (CIBA), Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 81 Taufique Warsi et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Assessing feasibility of limestone aquifer for managed aquifer recharge Taufique Warsi, Farooq Ahmad Dar, S Sarah, Tanvi Arora and Shakeel Ahmed CSIR, India
he scenario of groundwater is very precarious in Raipur due to industrialisation, urbanisation as well as limited water Tresources. Climatic conditions and land use are major factors for ground water conditions (decline in water level and changing in water quality) of Chandi limestone aquifer. The only source of water in Chandi limestone aquifer is rainwater and the surface water is so polluted that it is only utilised only for livestock and irrigation. Raipur area is increasing day-by-day hence, imparting the problem for ground water in both quality as well quantity. Therefore, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is necessary for managing groundwater resources of this economical hub of Chattisgarh state for its sustainable development. In order to make MAR a successful method in limestone of Raipur area, hydrogeological and hydro-geophysical knowledge has been gained along the Chokra Nala of Raipur to characterize the karstified Chandi limestone aquifer in order to determine its groundwater rechargeability. With geological point of view the limestone is compact, massive and stromatolitic. Karst features are also observed in the limestone out crop as well as from the drill samples. Primary porosity is absent in the limestone but due to joints and karstification secondary porosity is observed. The results demonstrate that solution channel has modified the hydraulic properties of the aquifer by altering the fractures, bedding planes and interstices. With the help of geophysical results it was observed that subsurface mafic dykes have intruded the limestone and it will have a bearing on the groundwater system. Due to the presence of various features suitable for increasing infiltration to the aquifer, it was observed that the area towards east of Raipur (Telibanda area) is favorable area for effective MAR. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 82 Radha Rani et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Status of ground water contamination by land filling of coal combustion residue: An overview Radha Rani and Manish Kumar Jain Indian School of Mines, India
n India, large quantity of coal combustion residue is being generated, as most of our energy demand is met through coal Ibased thermal power stations. It’s generation in the country has increased from 40 Mn T/yr. in 1994 to about 220 Mn T/yr in 2012. It is projected to be 350 Mn T/yr in 2017. Coal Combustion Residue (CCR) is generated during the combustion of pulverized coal in coal-fired power stations. They contain toxic metals much higher concentrations than soil background levels that can be released into the underground water through leaching processes. Due to generation in large value, its utilisation is a major challenge to the scientist world. Availability of land is also limited for land disposal. Mine fill is an area where one can utilise the CCR in large volume. Before such utilisation, it’s leaching behaviour towards toxicity of metal needs to be clarified. Therefore this presentation tries to review an extensive look at the extent to which major and trace elements are leached from CCR during mine filling. The alkalinity of CCR attenuates the release of a large number of elements of concern such as Cd, Co, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn or Zn among others, but at the same time, it enhances the release of oxyanionic species such as As, B, Cr, Mo, Sb, Se, V and W.
Biography Radha Rani has registered for PhD at Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India, 2013, under the supervision of Dr. Manish Kumar Jain. Her research topic is “Environmental Evaluation of Fly Ash from Selected Thermal Power Plants with Reference to Mining Filling.” She has presented two papers, one in national conference and other in international conference on the same topic.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 83 Kruttika R Apshankar et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Optimizing electrocoagulation-filtration for nitrate removal from drinking water – tracer and other studies Kruttika R Apshankar, Shyamal Mondal and Sudha Goel IIT Kharagpur, India
lectrocoagulation (EC) is a well-known technique for the treatment of water as well as wastewater. The principle of EC Einvolves a sacrificial anode which dissolves in an electrolytic cell containing the feed water to release ions of the coagulant material which form polymeric hydroxide complexes. These complexes can then remove dissolved and suspended pollutants by flocculation thereby removing them. The objective of this study was to optimize operating conditions for nitrate removal using electrocoagulation and filtration. Continuous-flow experiments for nitrate removal were conducted with tap water or ground water obtained from within IIT Kharagpur campus. Mild steel electrodes were used for anode and cathode. Tracer studies were performed with different baffle configurations to evaluate the flow regime in the EC reactor and to compare analytical results obtained using an ISE probe versus ion chromatography. The differences in the results are discussed in detail. The reactor proved to be close to a CSTR even at a very low flow-rate of 1 L/h. Nitrate removal efficiency was inversely proportionate to the initial nitrate concentration. Removal efficiencies ranged from 87% in tap water to 99% in groundwater. Similar removal efficiencies were obtained with distilled water and ground water in this study and addition of kaolinite as a coagulant aid did not result in any significant difference in nitrate removal. While the final, treated water met nitrate standards for drinking water, turbidity standards were not met. Longer settling time, longer filtration time along with finer filtration media will be required to meet turbidity standards.
Biography Kruttika R Apshankar (MTech) is currently doing her PhD in IIT Kharagpur. She has published two conference papers and presented one poster in international conferences.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 84 Rajendra Kumar et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Effect of fluoride on health of teeth of school children in Barkagaon, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India Rajendra Kumar and D N Sadhu Vinoba Bhave University, India
xcessive fluoride concentrations have been reported in ground waters of more than 20 developed and developing countries Earound the world including India where 20 states are facing acute fluorosis problems. In this paper, the teeth of 152 school children (06 to 11yrs) of Govt. Primary school, Gandhoniya, Barkagaon, Hazaribag, and Jharkhand, India were surveyed and collected data were compared with Dean’s Index. The results clearly indicate that the most of them are suffering from dental fluorosis consequently creating a lot of problems such as poor health, endurance of dental abscesses, inability to chew food well, embarrassment about discoloured & damaged teeth and distraction from play & learning in the area. School based oral health check-up programme be organised regularly for awareness of general mass. It should include screening, referral and case management to ensure the timely receipt of oral health care from health professionals in the community. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 85 Sneh Lata et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Removal of heavy metals from drinking water using coconut husk Sneh Lata and S R Samadder Indian School of Mines, India
eavy metal contamination in groundwater and surface water used for drinking purposes has been envisaged as a problem Hof global concern as millions of human beings have been exposed to excessive heavy metal concentrations. Various remediation technologies have been developed to treat the heavy metals contaminated groundwater and surface water. But conventional treatment technologies further generate huge amount of toxic chemical by-products. So, a feasible technology for rural application is required that generates less or no toxic by-products. For this reason bio-adsorption using low cost waste products as adsorbents emerged as potential alternatives to existing conventional technologies. The bio-adsorbents have affinity for heavy metal ions to form metal complexes or chelates due to the presence of functional groups including carboxyl, hydroxyl, imidazole, sulphydryl, amino, phosphate, sulfate, thioether, phenol, carbonyl and amide etc. Coconut husk (CH) is one of the low cost bio-adsorbent which has been used intensively for the removal of various heavy metals and metalloids (such as Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni and As) from both groundwater and surface water. The present study is focused on critical review of the previous and current available information on potential of natural and modified coconut husk for the removal of heavy metals and metalloids (arsenic). Various studies on adsorption efficiency of coconut husk considering the parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dose (coconut husk), initial concentration of heavy metals, pH, and temperature which have been studied by many researchers. This paper critically analyzed the available studies and commented on the applicability of coconut husk as a potential adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals.
Biography Sneh Lata is pursuing PhD on “Study of feasible arsenic removal techniques from ground water for rural areas” in Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, ISM Dhanbad, under the guidance of Dr. S R Samadder. She has qualified UGC-NET/JRF in June 2012. She has one paper in International Journal of Environmental Research and Development.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 86 Tapas Nandy et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Flow visualization of pollutant mixing in freshwater body near the density maximum Tapas Nandy, Malay Goel, Ankit Gupta and Ritesh Vijay CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India
ixing in water bodies forms a major part of the environmental hydraulic studies. In the present study, effects of density Mvariations in freshwater manifested in the form of convection currents on the water quality parameters is studied. Convection forms a dominant mixing mechanism for near-stagnant lakes i.e., with high residence times. However, due to tedious computations involved in simulating natural convection, water quality models available commercially or open-source solve vertically hydrostatic equations which fail to capture the circulation currents. A hydrodynamic model is conceptualized for describing the setting up of vertical circulation currents driven by the buoyancy. 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes, plus equations for transport of scalars (heat and concentration) are formulated and solved. Concentration profile of a conservative parameter is simulated to study the anomaly in temperature-density relationship on mixing. Density is assumed to be a function of temperature only (at 0.1Mpa) and various formulations like linear, quadratic and IAWPS (The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam) are used in the model. The phenomenon is investigated near 4°C i.e., at the anomalous behavior of temperature-density curve. Impact of this anomaly on the hydrodynamics and subsequently on the mixing of water quality parameter is studied and visualized to facilitate interpretation and use. Modeling and simulation results for the hydrodynamics are validated against reported work.
Biography Tapas Nandy is Chief Scientist and Head of Waste Water Technology Division at CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur. He has extensive experience of 30 years in research and development in the field of wastewater treatment and water resources management. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed research journals and 5 patents in his credit. He has vast experience in implementation of full scale technologies for wastewater treatment and water recovery.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 87 Sheetal Sharma, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Variations in natural water availability due to increasing built-up area induction in urbanization: A case of Bhopal, India Sheetal Sharma MANIT, India
rbanization is physical transformation of landscapes where natural land covers are replaced by Developed one, mostly Uimpervious layers. Most of the changes in natural system due to urban development are irreversible and gives a very strong reflection of impact of anthropogenic activities on it. Since open spaces are replaced steadily there are dramatic changes observed in the water flows and water infiltration parameters of hydrological cycle. Natural drainages have been replaced by human structures, or reengineered for human purposes. Urban factors like increase in built-up areas that add to the impervious layers and also the behavioral changes of hydrogeology on the induction of these surfaces on different types of soils give different responses for surface flows and resulting water recharge. The paper is an attempt to analytically workout changes in natural drainage and its relation with urbanization considering the soil characteristics of different catchments. This was analyzed using Arc GIS for Built up calculations and recharge with SWMM model as well as water level observations for past 20 years. The results obtained were correlated to the geological characteristics so as to obtain a relation between natural drainage system and urbanization. Depending upon the observations and correlations, conclusion was made for suitable percentage of Built up/ impervious layers induction on the type of soil so that natural system of drainages can work along with development. Also land use activities were suggested as per different soil types.
Biography Sheetal Sharma is a full time Research Scholar (PhD) in Department of Architectural and Planning, with Graduation in Bachelor of Architecture (Gold Medalist) in 1997 and Masters in Urban Planning in 2010 as University Topper from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India. She is a reputed Architect having 17 years of Experience in field as well as an excellent academician having brilliant performance always and very hardworking towards the research activities and analysis. Having published around 12 papers worldwide she is progressing intensely towards her Doctorate degree with environmental planning subject in area of surface water flows in urban areas in context of physical planning.
[email protected], [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 88 Rakesh K Tiwari et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Geophysical loom for deducing 3-D structure of palaeo-channels in middle Ganga plain (MGP), Bihar, India Rakesh K Tiwari, N C Mondal, Subhash Chandra and Shakeel Ahmed CSIR, India
alaeo-channel are potential sources of groundwater and help in augmenting groundwater resources by acting as Precharge channel due to presence of buried pediments and alluvial fan. These features are natural recharge sites due to high permeability and water storage capacity. In such case, deducing of palaeo-channel and demarcation of its boundaries is essential for management of groundwater resources. An integrated geophysical loom of VES, ERT and the Heli-borne SkyTEM techniques was adopted to delineate palaeo-channels in middle Ganga plain (MGP), Bihar. The middle Ganga plain lies between the Munger - Saharsa ridge in the east and Faizabad ridge in the west. The study area is in western and south- western part of the Patna district and underlain by thick alluvial deposits of quaternary age. These deposits comprise of various grades of clay, silt and sandstone which constitute the groundwater reservoir. The entire alluvial thickness overlies on the Precambrian basement. Physiographically, the area is monotonously flat. The elevation of the area varies from 46 to 62 m amsl. The integrated geophysical results shows that the resistivity of the palaeo-channels varies from 60-200 Ω-m depending upon the water saturation in the sand horizons and thickness varies from 20 to 60 mbgl, which is well-correlated with the existing borehole lithologs. The 3-D view of the palaeo-channels was prepared which indicates the change in the course and meandering of the river in the past. It is constituted by alternating layer of fine to medium sand including kankar at certain place indicating flood and quiet period. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 89 Smita Kujur et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
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Study of runoff characteristics of a micro watershed in Sundarban, West Bengal Smita Kujur and P B Chakraborty Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Regional Research Station (CSZ), India
eekly rainfall data for the period from 1990-2005 was used to estimate weekly runoff of a micro watershed in Canning- I WBlock of Sundarban, using curve number method. The relationship between weekly runoff and rainfall for 23-45 weeks were analyzed and found significantly linear. Further analysis revealed the similar trend at 5.88, 17.64, 47.05, 76.47 and 88.23 per cent levels of probability. However the best fit linear regression equations were emerged to predict runoff successfully from weekly total rainfall and most of the equations were found to explain more than 90% of the variables. Ultimately a nomograph has been developed to predict weekly runoff for Sundarban delta.
Biography Smita Kujur completed her MSc (Ag) Soil and Water conservation BCKV, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India. Currently, she is working as Extension Inspector in Coffee Board in India.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 90 M N V Anil, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
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Meteorological parameter estimation using field monitored data and its comparison with prognostic model generated parameters for source dispersion modelling M N V Anil National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India
he topic of meteorological model evaluation has been the focus of many air quality-related studies. A large majority Tof meteorological model evaluations center on how the model performs with regard to predicting surface-based measurements of temperature, wind speed, moisture, and precipitation. Results from air quality simulations, which can have extensive ramifications, are closely linked to the meteorological models that drive the chemical transport, diffusion, and chemical reactions in the air quality. Thus, meteorological models need to be evaluated thoroughly along with the air quality models A prognostic meteorological model MM5 was used to generate meteorological fields in the Chandrapur region of India for 2010, with a view to verify MM5 for use in environment impact assessments and associated air pollution studies. Comparisons were made between field monitored and model generated data on May 20, 2010 in Chandrapur region. Field monitored data was collected using Sodar and Minisonde for estimating wind profile and temperature respectively. Wind rose diagrams were used to compare wind direction and wind speed. Temperature profile form Minisonde was used to determine Mixing height. The surface and upper air files were created for input to AERMET meteorological preprocessor and the model was run to determine atmospheric boundary layer parameters for comparison. Four sets of simulation were carried out for different input variables, using field monitored data and prognostic model generated data. Wind speed, Temperature, Surface Heat Flux, Friction Velocity, Mixing Height and Wind direction were estimated and compared to evaluate the MM5 prognostic model.
Biography M N V Anil is pursuing MTech in Environment Systems Design and Modeling from CSIR-National Environment Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India. He is designated as Trainee Scientist and has completed his BTech from JNTU, Hyderabad in Mechanical Engineering. He has participated in prestigious MIT Media Lab, Design and Innovation Workshop, held at Mumbai, 2014. He has created software for directly converting field monitored parameters to AERMET readable format. His research interests include dispersion modelling, meteorology, biodiversity and waste management. He is currently carrying out his thesis work in Air Pollution Control Division of NEERI, Nagpur.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 91 Laxmi Narayan Sethi et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Spatio-temporal rainfall analysis for crop planning in Barak Valley of north east of India Laxmi Narayan Sethi, Hillolmoy Chakraborty and Jesmine Lyngdoh Assam University, India
he pattern and amount of rainfall are among the most important factors that affect agricultural systems. It governs the crop Tyields and determines the choice of the crops that can be grown. Therefore, a detailed knowledge of rainfall regime is an important prerequisite for agricultural planning. Agricultural production in Barak Valley (Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi) is mainly controlled by rainfall only. So, in the present study, spatial (station, districts and valley) and temporal (month, annual and seasonal) rainfall analysis, statistical and probability analysis has been carried out to presents the rainfall characteristics for crop planning in Barak Valley. The average annual rainfall of the Barak Valley was determined considering the ten year (2001 to 2010) observations from nine raingauge stations distributed in three districts of the valley. It was found that the mean annual rainfall in Barak valley is 2950 mm with a standard deviation of 475.74 mm and coefficient of variation of 16.13%. The average contribution of mean annual rainfall in summer (March to May), Kharif or monsoon season (June-September) and Rabi or winter (October to February) are found 28, 63, and 9%, respectively. The average annual rainfall received by the districts Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi are 2956, 3431 and 2454 mm with a coefficient of variation of 15.14, 6.34 and 3.46%, respectively. However, the average rainfall received by the districts Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi during the monsoon season is 1857.13, 2180.49 and 1515.65 mm, respectively. The expected occurrence of rainfall at different probability levels during each seasons of the three districts was estimated using the SMADA (Stormwater Management and Design Aid, version 6.0) and suggested that long duration flood resistance crops for the monsoon and short duration cropping pattern for the non-monsoon season for increasing the agricultural productivity in the Barak Valley. Since, the valley is under high rainfall zone, so a protected cultivation inside poly houses, green houses or shade-net houses could be planned by creating the rainwater harvesting structure. [email protected], [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 92 Mayurakshi Bhuyan, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Investigation of rainfall trend in Jorhat town, Assam Mayurakshi Bhuyan North-Eastern Hill University, India
ainfall is the prime source of all water. Jorhat experiences the predominant influence of the south-west tropical monsoon Rwhich reigns from June to October with occasional winter showers. Pre-monsoon rain also occurs during April and May with occasional thunder and hailstorm and sometimes it rains from cyclones as well. Low-pressure areas forming over the Bay of Bengal also causes rainfall over this region. The analysis of rainfall is important as it is the sole source of water for running a Municipality at Jorhat with more than one billion population. Most of the consumable water is collected from surface source of river Bhogdoi. The uncertainty or variability and concentration of rainfall to few months increase the possibility of water scarcity in dry periods. The nature of the variability and extent to concentration is analyzed to understand the causes of water scarcity. Hence, the change in rainfall has been focus of study of a number of scientists as it influences man and environment both. The present study is an attempt to highlight whether rainfall in Jorhat town has been increasing or decreasing over the years (1958-2007) through an analysis of rainfall trends in the area.
Biography Mayurakshi Bhuyan has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong. She has published 8 papers in reputed journals or books and was awarded Best Paper in XXXII INCA (Indian National Cartographic Association) International Congress, Dehradun, 2012 and Commendation Certificate, 34th Indian Geography Congress of National Association of Geographers, India (NAGI), Patna University, 2012.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 93 Kumar Ravi Prakash et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Interannual variability of salinity profiles from Argo in the Bay of Bengal Kumar Ravi Prakash and Vimlesh Pant Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
onthly, seasonal, and annual variations of salinity profiles over different sectors of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are investigated Musing seven years of Argo data. The salinity profile analysis together with the analysis of variability in surface circulation and precipitation utilized to understand interannual and seasonal variability in salinity profiles over three sectors of BoB i.e., northern (NBoB), central (CBoB), and southern (SBoB). The influence of massive river outflow close to river mouths in producing the observed sea surface salinity minima in the coastal northern BoB during November-December is highlighted. Seasonal changes in salinity profiles are primarily caused by freshwater flux, mixing processes and advection. In general, NBoB remains fresher as compare to CBoB and SBoB throughout the year. Interannual variability of salinity structure was found to be maximum in NBoB, particularly in post-monsoon (ON) and winter (DJF) seasons, where the differences in surface salinity between the years were found to be up to 2 psu. CBoB shows minimum interannual variations in salinity profiles, except unusual decrease in surface salinity on two occasions. Analysis suggest crucial role of coastal currents, gyres and surface circulation in controlling seasonal and interannual variability in salinity profiles. Some unusual features observed in salinity profiles during pre-monsoon season of year 2009 in the SBoB, which is analyzed further with other data sets and discussed in detail. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 94 Tanuja Nigam et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Coastal upwelling features in the Arabian Sea from ROMS model Tanuja Nigam and Vimlesh Pant Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
pwelling is an important oceanic phenomenon in which subsurface cold and nutrient enriched water rises near to Uthe surface and enhances biological productivity and therefore, affects the regional coastal climate. Coastal upwelling generally occurs when surface alongshore wind blows equatorward (poleward) along the eastern (western) boundary of an ocean. Horizontal divergence at the surface layer caused by Ekman transport is responsible for the ascending motion from the subsurface layers due to convergence below. During Indian summer monsoon (June-September) the strong southwest winds blows over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) basin, producing upwelling at the coasts of Somalia, Oman and the west coast of India. In this study, we use a free surface, hydrostatic, primitive equation ocean model- Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) to simulate upwelling features along eastern and western boundaries of Arabian Sea (AS). The model follows sigma coordinate in the vertical. The horizontal and vertical resolutions of model are 0.25° × 0.25° and 32 vertical levels, respectively. The domain of the study is set as 30°E-120°E and 30°S-30°N with boundaries closed in north and west. The east and south boundaries are open and relaxed to climatology. The model is initialized with annual mean climatology and forced by Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Sets (COADS) Ocean surface monthly climatology. The model is spun up for 20 years to simulate the upwelling features in the Indian Ocean. In general, the model is able to capture the coastal upwelling features. The Ekman transport, as calculated from the data, is found to be four times larger at the Somali coast as compare to the eastern boundary of AS near Kerala Coast. Large transport values are evidence of significant upwelling observed near these coasts with a maximum in July. The capability of the model to simulate upwelling is analyzed by comparing the model temperature profiles and vertical velocity with earlier studies/observations. It is observed that the model is able to capture upwelling phenomenon along the Somali and Oman coast during the summer monsoon season. Although, the model simulates colder temperature during this season with the minimum temperature remaining lower than the climatological value. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 95 K K Sandeep et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Simulation of thermohaline and circulation features in the North Indian Ocean K K Sandeep, Vimlesh Pant and A D Rao Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
he unique geographical setting of tropical Indian Ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the regional and global climate. TThe northern boundary of the Indian Ocean lies in the tropics and is closed by the Indian subcontinent land masses. The Indian peninsula splits the North Indian Ocean (NIO) into two basins, namely Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB) with different oceanographic features. The BoB is less saline than AS almost throughout the year due to the contribution of fresh water influx from both river runoff and heavy precipitation than evaporation. Variability in the dynamics along the east and west coast of India because of seasonal reversal of the wind pattern causes the exchange of salt between two basins. In the present study the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) is used to simulate climatological features of sea surface temperature (SST), profiles of salinity, temperature and currents in the Indian Ocean. ROMS is a free-surface primitive equation model with hydrostatic approximation which implements the terrain following sigma coordinates in the vertical. The model domain comprises the tropical Indian Ocean confined between 30°S-30°N, 30°E-120°E. The northern and western boundaries are closed and eastern and southern boundaries are relaxed to climatology. The model is initialized with annual mean climatology of temperature and salinity and forced at the surface by monthly climatology from Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Sets (COADS) and the model is spun-up for 20 years. Model simulations are validated with the available in-situ observations and satellite derived data sets. The ROMS model in general is able to capture the seasonal variations of temperature and currents. Ocean Surface Current Analyses Real time (OSCAR) monthly mean sea surface currents are used for assessing the zonal and meridional currents simulated by the model. Monthly climatological simulations from ROMS model and their departure from observations are discussed. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 96 Atahar Perwez et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
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Air quality assessment and management in iron ore mining region of Goa Atahar Perwez and Gurdeep Singh Indian School of Mines, India
ining is one of the core industrial activities responsible for deterioration of environmental quality. Goa has been a diverse MState enriched with iron ore reserves. For, the past decades the rampant mining of iron ore has led to the degradation of all environmental regimes especially ambient air. Air quality closely reflects the health status of the population in a respective area. This paper envisioned towards the assessment of ambient air quality in the iron ore mining region of Goa and development of management plans for the mitigation of pollution levels in order to harmonize the goal of development with the need of wholesome environment. The variation in concentration levels of pollutants with respect of meteorological conditions, especially wind speed and relative humidity is also investigated. To envisage upon the quality of air environment, monitoring at thirty four (34) locations, cited as per selection criteria provided under IS: 5182 Part XIV for SPM, PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOX was undertaken in the study. This also helped in identification of the criteria pollutants in the ecologically rich State. Ambient air quality monitoring revealed that particulate pollutants (SPM, PM10and PM2.5) are the major pollutants to be concerned in this area. Ore transportation activity is observed as the major source of pollution in the iron ore mining areas of Goa as evidenced by a considerable load of particulate pollution levels. Based on the observations appropriate management plans are also delineated.
Biography Atahar Perwez has completed his MSc in Environmental Science from Patna University, Patna. He is currently pursuing PhD from Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 97 Namrata Rasal et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
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Indoor air quality in municipality schools in Mumbai Namrata Rasal1, Poorva Chavan2, Hrishikesh Badrike2 and Anjali Shrivastava2 1National Institute of Technology, India 2NIT Warangal, India
ndoor Air Quality (IAQ) refers to the air quality within the building structures. Indoor air comprises of a mixture of the Iindoor micro-environment already present and the contaminated outdoor air infiltration. IAQ is essential for human health because we spend nearly 70% of our time indoors and thereby we are frequently exposed to indoor air pollutants. These pollutants arise from activities, products and materials that we use every day. Depending on the type of contaminant, IAQ can lead to a number adverse health effects. Children and aged are more vulnerable to the consequences of poor IAQ as they spend maximum time indoors. IAQ is particularly important at schools because children spend most of their time (6 to 8 hours per weekday) at school. A study was designed to determine SO2, NO2, NH3, H2S, PM10, PM2.5 concentrations and temperature and relative humidity in three schools of Mumbai. The schools selected are municipal schools of G ward in South Mumbai. These schools are situated close to main roads and are liable to get more outdoor air in their indoor environment. It was observed that in absence of indoor source of pollution outdoor concentrations were higher than that observed indoors thereby indicating near 100% ventilation in the municipal schools. The problem of IAQ in schools needs to be addressed in order to ensure the safety of students and staff members.
Biography Namrata Rasal is studying MTech Environmental Engineering at National Institute of Technology Warangal. She is presently undergoing training at CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) and working in Air Pollution Projects. She has presented 2 papers at an international conference and published a paper in a reputed journal.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 98 Sayan Bhattacharya et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Hydrological, agricultural and environmental surveys of Lava and Rishop: Two ecologically important hamlets of North Bengal, India Sayan Bhattacharya1,3, Debayan Purkait2, Arkajyoti Shome2, Subrato Sarkar1 and Uday Chand Ghosh3 1Rabindra Bharati University, India 2Asutosh College, India 3Presidency University, India
ava is a small hamlet situated 34 km. east of the Kalimpong subdivision in Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal, LIndia. Rishyap/Rishop, which nestles amidst the hidden hills of Neora Valley is around 9 km. from Lava. The main objectives of the present research work were to study the social, environmental, agricultural and hydrological conditions of Lava and Rishop area and to highlight the proposals for sustainable management policies of those ecologically sensitive zones. The study was done in April 2014, by visiting Lava, Rishop and Neora Valley National Park. Information on agricultural activities was collected from the local villagers. Report on the Silviculture unit (hills) of Lava was prepared based on the information displayed there. Rainwater harvesting structures used and water management policies followed in those regions were observed by visiting in the village areas and at the local hotels. The common cultivable plants in the areas are rice, ginger, beans, radish, maize, green peas, potatoes, cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, garlic, coriander etc. In both regions, organic cultivation is done by using cowdung and jungle soil (rich in organic matter and micronutrients). Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum) production has been severely affected at Rishop due to water crisis (according to local reports). In the Lava Silviculture Unit, various methods are followed for forest plants preservation, which include the clonal propagation, nursery work, composting, green house preservation etc. Main species cultivated here are Rhododendron grande, Betula alnoides, Acer hookeri, Elaeocarpus sikkimensis etc. The main source of water in Lava is the Neora River situated in the Neora Valley National Park. Long pipelines are constructed from the water source to Lava and water is distributed through networks of pipes in the houses. The roofs of the hotels, resorts and houses of Rishop have aluminium gutters for collecting rainwater. In spite of getting so much attention in the recent time as tourist spots, Lava and Rishop areas are not adequately developed. There is an urgent need for implementing sustainable management systems in the areas for the betterment of the socio-environmental and hydrological conditions.
Biography Sayan Bhattacharya completed his MSc and PhD in Environmental Science from University of Calcutta. He has been engaged in Post Doctoral Research in Dept. of Chemistry, Presidency University from September, 2012 to present. He has published 18 international journal papers, 10 book chapters, 30 international conference proceedings and many national conference proceedings. He received Young Researcher Award from Govt. of India International Conference. He is in the reviewers’ committee of many international journals and in the editorial boards of international journals with high impact factors. He has over 7 years of teaching experiences in 5 colleges and universities of West Bengal.
[email protected], [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 99 Jitendra Pandey et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
The influence of atmospheric deposition and land surface runoff on carbon and nutrients loading to Ganga River Jitendra Pandey, Pooja Kaushik and Anand V Singh Banaras Hindu University, India
rom the last few decades, the Ganga River basin, along its 2525 km course from Gangotri in Himalaya to its confluence with FBay of Bengal, is facing tremendous human pressure including massive input of carbon and nutrients through atmospheric deposition (AD). For this river however, the issues related to AD- input of carbon and nutrients remain completely unresolved. This long- term study was an attempt to investigate the contribution of AD- coupled land surface runoff on carbon and nutrient loading along a 35 km stretch of Ganga River at Varanasi. The chosen determinants were: Six sub- catchments and atmospheric deposition and surface runoff of carbon, NO3-, NH4+ and PO43- measured along the river gradient. Although N:P stoichiometry of atmospheric deposition showed a declining trend, there was over 1.5 to 2.2 fold increase in AD- C, N and -P input over time from 2007 to 2014. We found strong link between AD- coupled surface runoff and river water C, N and P. Correspondence analysis (CA) ordination segregated a relatively non-source oriented site from rest of the sites characterized by atmospheric loading. The study indicated that the AD- and runoff fluxes of carbon and nutrients constitute a significant portion of C, N and P budget of Ganga River. We suggest that future studies on river basin should consider the changing state of land- atmosphere- water transfer for more accurately predicting climate change drivers and designing integrated river basin management (IRBM) strategy. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 100 Anurodh Mohan Dayal, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Wastewater production, treatment and use in India Anurodh Mohan Dayal CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
ater security is emerging as increasingly important and vital issues for India with the growth rate in population and Wliving standard. Major city in the India were developed along the major river as the water as source for daily need and industry was available. But with the rapid growth of population, industrial and urbanization most of the river basins in India are experiencing severe water shortages. In rural area agricultural growth with multiple crops in a year has increased the demand of water. Current and future fresh water demand could be met by enhancing water use efficiency and demand management. Essential treatment of wastewater or low quality water is potential source for the increasing demand of water in 2020. With the current statics the estimated sewage generated in major cities of India is 38350 million litres per day (MLD). The sewage treatment capacity in the country is only of 11786 MLD. Similarly, only 60% of industrial waste water, mostly large scale industries, is treated. Remaining 40% goes to the rivers or ponds without any treatment and pollute the surface water. Performance of sewage treatment plants working in different states for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Such water from the treatment plants is not suitable for household purpose. This is being used mostly to agricultural and industrial purposes. However, there is high risk associated to human health and the environment on use of wastewater for agriculture in developing countries. [email protected]
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 101 Anamika Shrivastava et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Arsenic and other heavy metals contamination in shallow groundwater of Chakdhah Block, West Bengal, India Anamika Shrivastava and Sutapa Bose Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, India
he study area comes in one of the eight districts in West Bengal where groundwater contains arsenic above the prescribed Tlimit by WHO (10 μg/l). Each day, groundwater is being withdrawn by the village people for the fulfillment of their basic needs and for agricultural purposes. With the groundwater along with high concentration of arsenic (As), many other heavy metals are also getting introduced in the environment. In the areas with a long history of use of such groundwater, the agricultural lands have been affected severely. The extent of contamination has increased to a level where the crops grown in those lands are becoming a major source for arsenic and other heavy metals poisoning and subsequently transfer to different trophic levels. Based on this concern a somewhat detailed study was carried out to obtain an idea about the magnitude of water contamination in the area taking the rain-fed pond as control. In case of the pond water, the mean concentration (μg/l) of As (32.63), Fe (57.21), Mn (30.25), Cu (0.82). Whereas in case of shallow groundwater there was more increase in the case of As (76.43), Fe (5493.22), Mn (253.63), and Cu (1.825). Other heavy metals in groundwater were high enough to pose threats but surprisingly the concentration of arsenic even in the pond water was above than the safety standards (32.63±0.88 μg/l) given by WHO (10 ppb) though below than ISI (Indian Standard of Bureau) standard (50 ppb). Thus there is a serious immediate concern for the people and other life forms living in this area regarding the poisoning through crops and drinking water as well.
Biography Anamika Shrivastava is pursuing her PhD under the supervision of Dr. Sutapa Bose at IISER Kolkata. After PhD submission, she worked as Assistant Professor and received DST-Young Scientist FAST- Track grant in 2007. Further, in career advancement she went to U.S.A to join the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, New York, as Senior Researcher in 2009, further she joined New York University, New York as a Post-Doctoral Researcher in 2010. She moved back to India at IISER Kolkata, Department of Earth Sciences as Ramanujan Fellow in December 2011. Recently, she was selected for “Rashtriya Gaurav Award” for her present research work from Indian International Friendship Society, New Delhi. She has published more than 25 research papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of many committee and journals.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 102 Ratna V Airsang et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Seasonal variation and diversity of phytoplankton in Arekurahatti lake of Navalgund, Dharwad district in Karnataka-India Ratna V Airsang and H C Lakshman Karnataka University, India
he present paper deals with the seasonal study of Phytoplankton belonging to four different classes of algae in Arekurahatti Tlake. Physico-chemical characteristics of this Lake were analyzed from May 2012 to April 2013. The variable physicochemical parameters like Temperature, pH, Turbidity, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Dissolved oxygen, Nitrates, Phosphates, Chemical oxygen demand etc. were played an important role in the diversity of Phytoplankton. During summer, Cyanophyceae and Bacillariophyceae members were found dominant over Chlorophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Interestingly, during rainy season the population of Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae members were documented more compared to chlorophyceae members. But during winter, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae members were found more or less in equal population and Euglenophyceae members were found to be least in number. Ecological significance of the Arekurahatti Lake and distribution of phytoplankton population has been discussed.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 103 C.M.Ramakritinan et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Spatial and Temporal Variations in Marine Litter (2013-2014) along the selected beaches of Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India C.M.Ramakritinan, B.Ramkumar, M.Santhanakrishnan and A.K.Kumaraguru Madurai Kamaraj University, India
patial and Temporal Variations in Marine Litter: Stable increase in plastic usage leads to serious litter pollution along the Scoastal areas that increase global interest on study of sources, distribution and risk assessment. Studies on sources and distribution of marine litter is lacking along the Indian coastal waters. Therefore, a systematic study on sources and distribution of marine litters of Gulf of Mannar was conducted between Dhanuskodi and Tuticorin during August 2013 and February 2014. The data were collected based on the standard protocols developed by IOC/FAO/UNEP, (1989), Cheshire and Westphalen, (2007) and Cheshire et al, (2009). The collected litters were categorized as 10 major groups i.e., Hard Plastics, Soft Plastics, Rubber, Foams, Glass, Cloth, Paper, Metal, Wood and Other Types. During August 2013, in terms of number, Mugundarayar Chadram beach (20%) found to be highly contaminated whereas the beach of Bharathinagar Nagar, Keelakkarai (2%) found to be least contaminated shore. But the most and least contaminated beaches during February 2014 were Bharathi Nagar (23%) and Kundukal (5%) as well as Vembar (5%), respectively. In terms of weight, most and least contaminated beaches during August 2013 are Pudumadam (21%) and Therkku Puthukudieruppu (2%), respectively but, during February 2014, Therkku Puthukudieruppu (15%) and Chinna Ervadi (6%) found to be the most and least polluted beaches. The present study concludes that the dominated categories along the Gulf of Mannar coast are Hard Plastics (HP), Soft Plastics (SP) and Cloths (CL). The major sources of contamination are tourism, domestic waste dumping and fishing and allied activities.
Biography C.M.Ramakritinan, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine and Coastal Studies has completed his Ph.D. and Postdoctoral studies from Madurai Kamaraj University in Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Also he is a Course Co-ordinator, UGC P.G. Diploma in SCUBA Diving for Marine Biotechnology. He has published more than 45 research papers in international and national peer reviewed and referred journals including books/chapters in book. He has presented more than 40 research papers in conferences / seminars / symposia. He is an Open Water Diver (PADI). He has been servicing as Members in various academic & research committees.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 104 Sahila Salahuddin et al., Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Hydrological Potentials of Hyper Arid Lands in the Indian Desert Sahila Salahuddin and Salahuddin Qureshi Aligarh Muslim University, India
eserts are the areas of degradation of surface and groundwater resources. The lowering of water table is one of the crucial Dindicators of the degree of desertification. The surface and groundwater conditions are important measure of sustainability in the dry and fragile ecosystems. The Indian desert comprises of three ecological units on the basis of water availability. The eastern fringe of the semi-arid lands along the Aravallis, the central arid lands which comprise the major parts of the Indian desert and a third narrow belt of hyper arid conditions along the International Border of India and Pakistan along the western fringe of Jaisalmer and Bikaner districts. Several researches have revealed that the eastern semi-arid lands with 400 – 500 mm mean annual rainfall have higher surface drainage density in the Luni river basin coupled with a relatively higher water table. The arid lands with a mean annual rainfall of 200 – 350 mm rainfall have no drainage pattern worth the name of surface water and have a drastically lower water table. The low water table in the arid lands is not necessarily a function of decreasing rainfall. A few macro and meso level studies have indicated that the water level goes on lowering in an inverse relationship with the increasing aridity index. In the present sub-micro village level study there is a crucial finding contrary to the popular belief. Surprisingly, the water table in the remotest hyper arid villages has been measured higher than the groundwater in the semi- arid ecosystems. The authors attempt an analytical enquiry into this unique phenomenon.
Biography Sahila Salahuddin is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Geography at Aligarh Muslim University. She is doing her doctoral work on “Micro Analysis of Desertification Intensity in the Hyper Arid Lands of India” with specialization in Arid Land Ecology. The researcher has qualified Joint UGC-CSIR NET and Junior Research Fellowship with 59th National Rank and acknowledges her research funding by the University Grants Commission. She has also won the Postgraduate Science Merit Scholarship of the University.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
Page 105 Ghazal Salahuddin, Hydrol Current Res 2014, 5:4 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2157-7587.S1.013
3rd International Conference on Hydrology & Meteorology September 15-16, 2014 Hyderabad International Convention Centre, India
Estimation of Urban Heat Island Intensity in the Megacity of Hyderabad Ghazal Salahuddin Aligarh Muslim University, India
rban Heat Island is a more threatening meteorological phenomenon in the longer summer tropical cities with already Ucritical thermal regime than in the longer winter temperate cities. Further, the population growth in the tropical megacities is far greater than their counterpart temperate cities. The present paper enquires the changing trends in the urban climates. Cities are recognized as urban heat islands because their temperatures are higher by 3°C to 9°C in comparison to the temperatures of the surrounding rural areas. This thermal differential is generally proportional to the city size and morphology. Larger is the city size and more diverse are its residential, industrial and commercial functions, larger and higher is its heat dome. Urban Heat Island has become a major environmental issue particularly in view of rapid urban sprawl in the developing countries. Urban Heat Islands are the nuclei of global warming and climate change. Urban Heat Island is not a cognizable problem of towns and small cities. It is a matter of great concern to the urban planners, environmentalists and citizens of the large cities, particularly the million and megacities. However, this problem is assuming a serious dimension in a fast emerging megacity of Hyderabad. The present paper estimates heat island intensity of Hyderabad. In the wake of its rapidly growing economy, size and population, the city has experienced a population growth from 1.79 million in 1971 to 7.74 million in 2011. The corresponding built-up area has recorded a growth from 298.5 sq.km. to a sprawling 851 sq.km. The paper enquires the adverse impact of this built-up growth on the daytime as well as nocturnal temperature rise. This has rendered the urban climate increasingly taxing to the human health and comfort.
Biography Ghazal Salahuddin is DST-INSPIRE Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Geography at Aligarh Muslim University. She is President of India’s Gold Medalist for the Overall Best Performance and Academic Excellence in the University. She has won three Gold Medals. She has also won the Postgraduate Science Merit Scholarship of the University. She is doing her doctoral work on “City Morphology and Urban Heat Island in the Megacities of Ahmadabad, Hyderabad and Bangalore – A Comparative Analysis”. She specializes in Urban Climatology. The researcher has qualified UGC-NET and Junior Research Fellowship and acknowledges her research funding by the DST-INSPIRE.
Hydrol Current Res 2014 Volume 5, Issue 4 ISSN: 2157-7587, HYCR an open access journal Hydrology-2014 September 15-16, 2014
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