DOCSLIB.ORG

Gender, Fraud and Victimization Risks in the Context of Family-Related Migration in Germany

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gender, Fraud and Victimization Risks in the Context of Family-Related Migration in Germany Docile Housewives or Empowered Entrepreneurs? Gender, Fraud and Victimization Risks in the Context of Family-Related Migration in Germany Universität Hamburg Fakultät für Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Würde der Doktorin der Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften (gemäß der PromO vom 24.August 2010) vorgelegt von Julia Rushchenko aus Kharkiv Hamburg 2016 Datum der Disputation: 19.01.2016 Prof. Dr. Christine Hentschel, Professor - WiSo Vorsitz/Gutachterin Prof. Dr. Torsten Heinemann, Juniorprofessor - WiSo Gutachter Prof. Dr. Francois Kristen, Hochschullehrer - extern Gutachter Prof. Dr. Richard Staring, Hochschullehrer - extern Gutachter PD Dr. Nils Zurawski, Privatdozent - WiSo Gutachter The degree is awarded as part of a Joint Doctorate with Utrecht University This thesis was accomplished with financial support from the European Union’s Education Audiovisual and Cultural Executive Agency’s Erasmus Mundus Scheme ii CONTENTS SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. X 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH: CRIMINAL MANIPULATIONS OF MARRIAGE AGENCIES VS. THE STORY OF TRANSNATIONAL ROMANCE IN UKRAINE ..................................................................... 1 1.2. SOCIETAL AND ACADEMIC RELEVANCE OF THE TOPIC ........................................................................ 6 1.3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS & RESEARCH FOCUS ............................................................................................ 8 1.4. IMPORTANCE OF DISCOURSE ON BI-NATIONAL MARRIAGES IN GERMANY .................................. 9 1.5. OUTLINE OF THE DISSERTATION ................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................. 13 2.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2. CONCEPTUALIZING THE TERM “MAIL-ORDER” BRIDE IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL DATING AND MARRIAGES ....................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3. WHAT IS BEHIND THE SCENE? TRYING TO GRASP THE “MAIL-ORDER” BRIDE PHENOMENON: LEGAL VS. ETHNOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE ...................................................................... 17 2.4. GENDER, RACE, MASS MEDIA, AND COMMODIFICATION ................................................................. 23 2.5. SECURITIZATION OF MIGRATION AND BI-NATIONAL MARRIAGES: "BONA FIDE” OR “FRAUDULENT” UNIONS? ....................................................................................................................................... 27 2.6. BRIDES, GROOMS, AND EXPECTATIONS FROM OVERSEAS: CAPITALS IN THE FIELD OF TRANSNATIONAL MARRIAGE .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.6.1. Erotic Capital in Transnational Matrimonial Field ........................................................................ 36 2.7. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 43 3.1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................. 43 3.2. RESEARCH APPROACH, RESEARCH FOCUS AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ..................................... 43 3.3. EPISTEMOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................... 45 3.3.1. Interpretivism & constructivism................................................................................................................ 46 3.3.2. Social constructionism and phenomenology....................................................................................... 46 3.4. METHODOLOGY AND CULTURAL CRIMINOLOGY ................................................................................ 47 3.4.1. Virtual ethnography vs. offline ethnography: Methodological assumptions and Practice ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 49 3.4.2. Ethnographic research in cooperation with NGOs: Advantages and ethical barriers .... 53 3.4.3. In-depth interviews .......................................................................................................................................... 63 3.4.4. Extended case study ........................................................................................................................................ 67 3.4.5. Analysis of documents ................................................................................................................................... 69 3.4.6. Validity, reliability and triangulation ..................................................................................................... 70 3.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................. 71 CHAPTER 4: FOREIGN SPOUSES IN GERMANY: “MIXED” COUPLES IN HISTORICAL AND LEGAL PERSPECTIVES ................................................................................................................. 75 4.1. POST-WAR GERMANY AND MARRIAGE MIGRATION ........................................................................... 75 4.2. FAMILY REUNIFICATION NOWADAYS: GEOGRAPHICAL AND GENDER REPRESENTATION .. 78 4.3. LEGAL STATUS OF MARRIAGE MIGRANTS IN GERMANY: RECENT TRANSFORMATIONS ..... 81 4.4. DIVORCE AMONG “MIXED” MARRIAGES IN GERMANY ..................................................................... 85 4.5. SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................ 87 CHAPTER 5. WHO IS INVOLVED IN THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF ABUSE? ......... 89 5.1. INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE AND MIGRANT WIVES: HOW ARE THE ATTITUDES SHAPED? .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 89 5.2. FEMALE MIGRANTS IN ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS: WOMEN’S NARRATIVES ........................... 91 5.2.1. From Victimhood to Empowerment and Back ................................................................................... 91 5.2.2. Bi-polarity or Abuse? ..................................................................................................................................... 95 5.2.3. “Thanks, but no thanks!” ............................................................................................................................ 98 iii 5.3. GENDER, CULTURE AND POLITICAL ECONOMY .................................................................................. 100 5.4. FEMALE MIGRANTS IN ABUSIVE RELATIONSHIPS: PERSPECTIVES OF NGO WORKERS AND THE RISKS OF ABUSE .............................................................................................................................................. 102 CHAPTER 6: FRAUDULENT TECHNIQUES OF MARRIAGE MIGRANTS AND POLICING OF NON-CITIZENS REGARDING FAMILY REUNIFICATION........................ 107 6.1. SHAM MARRIAGES AMONG BI-NATIONAL COUPLES: GLOBALIZATION AND MIGRATION CONTROL .................................................................................................................................................................... 107 6.1.1. Family values in the West and companionate marriage: A requirement for bi-national couples .............................................................................................................................................................................110 6.1.2. “Remember, Ksusha, you only like blue” ...........................................................................................116 6.1.3. Marriage investigations in action ...........................................................................................................119 6.2. SOLIDARITY MARRIAGE AS A LEGALIZATION STRATEGY: BETWEEN KINDNESS AND CRIME? ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 121 6.2.1. Gabriela, irregular migration and marriage .....................................................................................122 6.2.2. “Schutzehe” and German background ................................................................................................125 6.3. SHAM PATERNITY AND INTERRELATIONS OF VICTIM AND PERPETRATOR .............................. 132 6.3.1. “Anchor child” and Germany ..................................................................................................................132
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prayers of Renunciation HINDUISM BUDDHISM KUNDALINI
    Prayers of Renunciation: BUDDHISM - HINDUISM - KUNDALINI Ephesians)6:10.12)“10)Finally,)my)brethren,)be strong)in)the)Lord,)and)in)the) power)of)his)might.)11)Put)on)the)whole)armour)of)God,)that)ye)may)be)able)to stand)against)the)wiles)of)the)devil.)12)For)we)wrestle)not)against)Dlesh)and)blood,) but)against)principalities,)against)powers,)against)the)rulers)of)the)darkness) of)this)world,)against)spiritual)wickedness)in)high)places.” Amanda Buys’ Spiritual Covering This is a product of Kanaan Ministries, a non-profit ministry under the covering of: • Roly, Amanda’s husband for more than thirty-five years. • River of Life Family Church Pastor Edward Gibbens Vanderbijlpark South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 16 982 3022 Fax: +27 (0) 16 982 2566 Email: [email protected] There is no copyright on this material. However, no part may be reproduced and/or presented for personal gain. All rights to this material are reserved to further the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ ONLY. For further information or to place an order, please contact us at: P.O. Box 15253 27 John Vorster Avenue Panorama Plattekloof Ext. 1 7506 Panorama 7500 Cape Town Cape Town South Africa South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 21 930 7577 Fax: 086 681 9458 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.kanaanministries.org Office hours: Monday to Friday, 9 AM to 3 PM Kanaan International Website Website: www.eu.kanaanministries.org 2 contents Preface(... 5 Declara,on(of(confidence(in(GOD’s(Protec,on(... 8 Sealing9off(prayer(before(deliverance(... 9 Prayers'of'renuncia.on'for'Hinduism'..
    [Show full text]
  • Women Leading Change Leading Women SPECIAL REPORT SPECIAL
    SPECIAL REPORT Women Leading Change This collection of essays was developed as part of a project at the Wellesley Centers for Women, “Women’s Leadership Network: Women’s Political, Public, and Economic Participation in the Muslim World.” Introduction by: Rangita de Silva-de Alwis, SJD Director of International Human Rights Policy Programs, Wellesley Centers for Women (2010) . THE NANCY GERTNER HUMAN RIGHTS PAPER COLLECTION On the occasion of the 35th Anniversary of the Wellesley Centers for Women (WCW) in 2009-2010, WCW was honored to dedicate the Human Rights Paper Series to The Honorable Nancy Gertner, U.S. District Court, District of Massachusetts, in recognition of her contributions to the Centers’ work and to her tireless commitment to women and the law in the U.S. and around the world. Learn more about the Wellesley Centers for Women project, “Women’s Leadership Network: Women’s Political, Public, and Economic Participation in the Muslim World” at: www.wcwonline.org/muslimworldleaders Women Leading Change A collection of essays from women leaders advancing justice in the Muslim world This collection was developed as part of a project at the Wellesley Centers for Women, “Women’s Leadership Network: Women’s Political, Public, and Economic Participation in the Muslim World.” These analyses* are the work of individual authors and do not necessarily reflect the positions of the Wellesley Centers for Women, Wellesley College, or other Network members. Introduction by: Rangita de Silva-de Alwis, SJD Director of International Human Rights Policy Programs Wellesley Centers for Women This work was funded with generous support from Lynn Dixon Johnston and Robert F.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Talk About Marriage and Committed Relationships, Let's Talk About Divorce and Broken Relationships, Let's Talk About Families and Loss
    Taking It Home: Families and Faith Tools for Deepening Your Faith at Home Let's Talk About Marriage and Marriage is one of the most remarkable and most courageous of human acts, the promise of two human Committed beings to share life together on all levels --physical, economic, spiritual --a promise made in the face of the certainty of death, the certainty of change, and the Relationships uncertainty of everything else. There is nothing else quite like this act, nothing so foolish, nothing so profound. --From the UU wedding of Douglas Neff & Corey by Pat Hoertdoerfer and Rothermel Lynn Ungar Love one another, but make not a bond of love: Let it rather be a moving sea between the shores of your souls... But let there be spaces in your togetherness, Contents And let the winds of the heavens dance between you. Love one another, but make not a bond of love. How to Use This Guide --Kahlil Gibran What is a Marriage/Committed Relationship? How can we tell if our union is a marriage from the Marriage and Unitarian Universalist Faith heart? To be sure there are signs--just-because gifts, Committed Relationships Across the Lifespan jokes told through eye contact or a quiet touch at exactly Activities the right moment. Partners in this healthy mode Footnotes seem tenderly amazed by one another. They have an immense respect for one another and an instinctual Resources sense of kindness. UU Principles (Adult and Children's versions) --Lois Kellerman, Marriage From the Heart About the Authors, About FMTF, About the Series 1 How to Use This Guide At different times in history, people with entirely contrary views of marriage lived literally side- by-side under different marriage rules.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Marriage Migrants and Contested Belonging in Hong Kong and Taiwan
    INTIMATE FRONTIERS: CHINESE MARRIAGE MIGRANTS AND CONTESTED BELONGING IN HONG KONG AND TAIWAN by Man Chuen Cheng A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Toronto © Copyright by Man Chuen Cheng 2018 Intimate Frontiers: Chinese Marriage Migrants and Contested Belonging in Hong Kong and Taiwan Man Chuen Cheng Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology University of Toronto 2018 Abstract Based on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Taiwan and Hong Kong between June 2014 and July 2016, this dissertation examines the everyday regulation and negotiation of belonging at various sites of Chinese marriage migrants' personal lives, including social service encounters, domestic space of the home, and Chinese marriage migrant communities. As Chinese women married across the two politically contested borders, their post-migration lives are situated within the frontiers of intimate family lives but also historically grounded political struggles and renewed local discontent against China’s political encroachment. The struggles of belonging faced by Chinese marriage migrants illuminate the norms, values, and ideologies upheld by citizens and the states of Hong Kong and Taiwan. As Chinese marriage migrants yearn to integrate into the Hong Kong and Taiwanese societies, some Chinese marriage migrants mobilized hegemonic discourses of belonging to make meanings of their everyday lives, others contested their exclusion by redefining their identities and in the process, producing new ii layers of inequalities against less-privileged Chinese marriage migrants. Delving into the narratives of belonging developed in everyday interaction, this dissertation shows how national belonging is a regulated and negotiated process beyond legal categories and immigration policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Marrage Book Final
    JAIN ACADEMY PUBLICATION MARRIAGE Reflections & Understandings from Nine Faiths in Britain E d i t o r : D r N a t u A[h¨gm b h a i S h Editor a h Dr Natubhai Shah MARRIAGE Reflections & Understandings from Nine Faiths in Britain Jain Academy Project Support by Awards for All CAD A EM r Local IN fo G A Y ts n r J a o r u G p y s r e t t o L Charity Reg. No. 1018833 AWARDS Jain Academy FOR ALL Executive Editor : Dr Natubhai Shah Assistant Editors : Dr Anna Sallnow & Ramesh Pattni Contributors on Wedding Rituals: Baha'i : Vicky Golestaneh and Gita Meshaki Buddhist : Anil Goonewardene Christian : Chrysoulla Nicolaou & Anna Sallnow Hindu : Madhava Turumella & Prabhu Shastry, Islamic : Dr M Raza-Muslim College Jain : Dr Natubhai Shah Jewish : Rabbi Bernd Koschland & Rabbi Alan Plancey Sikh : Charanjit Ajitsingh Zoroastrian : Ervad Rustom K Bhedwar These materials can be freely reproduced for use in all educational and other similar organisations for non-profit purposes acknowledging the original source. April 2010 Published by : Jain Academy 20 James Close, London NW11 9QX Printed by : www.amrutprint.co.uk 020 8090 5040 03 FORWARD By Hon.Barney Leith (Chair Religions and Belief Consultative Group UK; Chair Faith Based Regeneration Network; Director Office of Public Information, National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the UK) Despite the growing numbers of couples in the UK who live together as if married, but who remain unmarried, marriage remains a sacred commitment for people of all the major faiths.
    [Show full text]
  • Socrates, Jesus and Dorothy
    THE SHIFTING BOUNDARIES OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AMERICA THROUGH THE LENS OF INTERFAITH MARRIAGE A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Theological and Religious Studies By Erika B. Seamon, M.A. Washington, D.C. March 22, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Erika B. Seamon All rights reserved ii THE SHIFTING BOUNDARIES OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN AMERICA THROUGH THE LENS OF INTERFAITH MARRIAGE Erika B. Seamon, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Chester Gillis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This dissertation explores interfaith relationships and the nexus of personal and communal religious identity in the United States. The thesis is that religious intermarriage is both a reflective and a predictive material representation of the continual movement and redefinition of the boundaries of religious traditions and the boundaries of the religious and secular. Part I chronicles key historical events that contributed to the slow erosion of theological, legal, and social barriers to intermarriage among Catholics, Protestants, and Jews. As authority over religion and marriage moved from church to state to society, an era of ‗intra-religious‘ marriage became one of ‗interreligious‘ marriage by the mid-twentieth century. Part II investigates the characteristics of contemporary intermarriages, based upon qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews with 43 individuals in Christian- Jewish, Christian-Muslim, Christian-Hindu, or Christian-Buddhist marriages. Contrary to the opinions of some prominent voices in religious communities, these contemporary intermarriages are not simply forms of syncretism or secularism; they are much more complex.
    [Show full text]
  • When a Wife Is a Visitor: Mainland Chinese Marriage Migration, Citizenship, and Activism in Hong Kong
    WHEN A WIFE IS A VISITOR: MAINLAND CHINESE MARRIAGE MIGRATION, CITIZENSHIP, AND ACTIVISM IN HONG KONG by Melody Li Ornellas Bachelor of Social Science (1st Hons.), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000 Master of Philosophy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2014 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH THE KENNETH P. DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Melody Li Ornellas It was defended on April 21, 2014 and approved by Robert M. Hayden, Professor, Department of Anthropology Evelyn Rawski, Professor, Department of History Gabriella Lukacs, Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology Dissertation Director: Nicole Constable, Professor, Department of Anthropology ii Copyright © by Melody Li Ornellas 2014 iii WHEN A WIFE IS A VISITOR: MAINLAND CHINESE MARRIAGE MIGRATION, CITIZENSHIP, AND ACTIVISM IN HONG KONG Melody Li Ornellas, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2014 This dissertation investigates contemporary Hong Kong-China cross-border marriages. In particular, it focuses on the family life and the complexity of politics, power, and agency in mainland Chinese migrant wives’ individual and collective experiences of rights and belonging in Hong Kong. The women in question are allowed to live temporarily in Hong Kong as “visitors” by utilizing family visit permits which must be periodically renewed in mainland China.
    [Show full text]
  • Macaulay Matters Spring 2021
    S P R I N G 2 0 2 1 I S S U E MACAULAY MATTERS Bringing Our People Together A NEW LOOK FOR WHAT'S INSIDE THIS ISSUE: MACAULAY MATTERS Gretna Green With a new editor comes a new look for Scottish Traditions in Weddings your MacAulay Matters newsletter. We Making a Splash The Ancient Celtic Tradition of hope you will enjoy the new layout. Handfasting Reflections Meet the Member As spring is finally here, this issue is Meet the Commissioner/ Ambassador focused on weddings, so you'll have the Meet the Executive The Chief's Corner opportunity to learn about some wedding Heritage Fund traditions and peek in on the weddings of Mackenzie Agricultural & Pastoral Show members and family members. New Member Welcome New Life Members Upcoming Scottish Festivals and Highland Games Our summer issue will be all about travel. Contest We hope that you will share one of your MacAulay 2022 International Gathering travel adventures to Scotland and/or Prince Philip Passes Member Wedding Photos Northern Ireland/Ireland. Clan MacAulay Executive This is your newsletter. We welcome This newsletter is about you, and for you. interesting stories and pictures. No limits to your creativity! It’s about Enjoy! sharing everything MacAulay. GRETNA GREEN Rachel L. MacAulay As seen recently in the popular Netflix series “Bridgerton” and, of course, as made famous by Jane Austen in her novels, Gretna Green has long been associated with elopement. This association began more than 250 years ago, when Lord Hardwicke’s Marriage Act was passed in England in 1754. This said that couples who wanted to marry without their parents’ or guardians’ consent had to be older than 21 and their marriage had to take place publicly in their parish with a member of the Church clergy officiating.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrancy Today Newsmagazine Celebrant Foundation & Institute Tenth Year Anniversary Edition— Winter/Spring 2011
    Celebrancy Today newsmagazine Celebrant Foundation & Institute Tenth Year Anniversary Edition— Winter/Spring 2011 Home Funerals, Celebrating Life & Death CF&I Tenth Anniversary– The Power of 10! Celebrants, New Traditions in Modern & Meaningful Ceremonies Baseball & Dad, on the path as a Celebrant Photo: Island of Naxos, Greece 1 Thank you for reading the Celebrant Foundation & Institute Newsmagazine. Celebrants are welcome to submit their articles, questions or concerns to Priya Navani, office manager at [email protected] FEATURES Celebrant Lois Heckman Creates New Opportunities in her Backyard, by Dorry Bless Pg 30 Our Tenth Anniversary– The Power of 10! by Charlotte Eulette Pg 3 Very Small Weddings, by AC Warden Pg 33 Fun-damentals of Celebrancy, poem Introducing the Master Life–Cycle Celebrant (R) by Cynthia K .Reed Pg 4 by Sally Brucker Pg 34 How Baseball, the English Divorce Court and My Life-Cycle Celebrant (R) News Round Up Pg 5 Father‘s Funeral Made me a Celebrant Ode to Myself, poem by Julian Spalding Pg 17 by Beth Palubinsky Pg 35 Healing Power of Ceremony & Indian Ceremonies The Southwest Mourns the Tucson Shooting by Carolyn Neithammer Pg 18 by Carolyn Neithammer Pg 38 A Celebrants Path & What If, poem SoCal Funeral Celebrant Caroline Flanders Interview by Marilyn Rampley Pg 20 Pg 39 Giving Back to the Community by Priya Navani Pg 22 Children are This Year‘s Center Piece by Charlotte Eulette Pg 41 Chicago Area Celebrant Raises the Curtain on the Majes- tic Theatre, by Toni Hasset Pg 23 A Funeral Celebrant,
    [Show full text]
  • Manipulation and Domination of the Body of Christ Through Witchcraft
    Manipulation And Domination of the Body of Christ through Witchcraft To keep Satan from getting the advantage over us; for we are not ignorant of his wiles and intentions. Corinthians 2:11 (AMPC) Dr. Ria Fouché A practical guide in deliverance relating to Witchcraft 1 Disclaimer This is a research paper compiled from articles, websites and extractions from books written by various other authors and the author of this paper do not claim it to be original. This material is for informational purpose only and does not constitute professional advice. You may or may not get any results from using the principals taught here. 2 Contents 1.1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................7 1.1.1 Zero Point (Maya) .............................................................................................8 1.1.2 Obstacles to deliverance ...................................................................................9 1.2. Demonic Entities .................................................................................................... 10 1.3. Definition of Witchcraft ........................................................................................... 13 1.3.1 Sorcery ........................................................................................................... 13 1.3.2 Magick ............................................................................................................ 14 1.3.2.1 Components of magic rituals ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Family Relations (58Th, Minneapolis, MN, November 14-18, 1996)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 410 498 CG 027 974 AUTHOR Al Naser, Fahad TITLE Social Change & Marriage Norms-Values in the Middle East. A Case-Study of Kuwait. PUB DATE 1996-11-00 NOTE 17p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Council on Family Relations (58th, Minneapolis, MN, November 14-18, 1996). PUB TYPE Information Analyses (070) Speeches/Meeting Papers (150) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Behavior Standards; Cultural Influences; Foreign Countries; *Marriage; Mate Selection; 'Social Behavior; *Social Change; Social Influences; Social Structure; *Sociocultural Patterns; Values IDENTIFIERS *Kuwait ABSTRACT The term "social change" refers to variations over time in the ecological ordering of populations and communities, in patterns of roles and social interactions, and in the cultures of societies. Some facets of social change in one middle eastern country are presented in thispaper. The study looks at the influence of social changes on marriage norms, andwas conducted in the context of the socio-cultural change that has accompanied the altered political and economic circumstances of the country. Aftera brief literature review and history, the details of mate selection,age criteria, and marriage ceremonies are presented. Results of the research indicate that the people of this country have a strong tendency to follow dictates of age, religion, sect, nationality, and caste when marrying someone. However, the numbers of those marrying across these lines has increased in the past 10 years, especially among people of higher socio-economic status with a college education and a high-status job. It is assumed that these kinds of marriages will increase during the 1990s.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Stands up to Violence
    OUT January 11, 2013 | Volume X, Issue 16 Maryland, and we are excited to open City Hall to host some of the first wedding ceremonies in our great state. Newly mar- ried couples will stand before their friends and family to pro- ‘I Do!’ fess their love and commitment BY STEVE CHARING to each other. This is what we worked for, Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings- and I am looking forward to take part in this Blake, who was a high-profile advocate for historic and jubilant day.” marriage equality – especially during the Jim Scales, a 40-year employee of Bal- referendum battle – decided to open the timore City and has been an office manag- doors of City Hall to allow same-sex cou- er serving all mayors since William Donald ples to marry as soon as it was legal. Be- Schaefer, and his partner Bill Tasker were ginning at 12:30 a.m. on New Year’s Day, the first to get married in City Hall at 12:30 seven couples participated in ceremonies a.m. on January 1. The couple who reside with the first one officiated by the Mayor in Essex have been together for 35 years. herself. “We didn’t want to rush into this,” Scales “New Years Day will have a new mean- said with his tongue firmly planted in his ing for the hundreds – if not thousands – of cheek. They waited and waited until mar- couples who will finally have the right to riage for same-sex couples became legal marry the person they love,” said Mayor in their home state.
    [Show full text]