Emma Goldman a Documentary History of the American Years
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EMMA GOLDMAN A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN YEARS Candace Falk, editor Barry Pateman, associate editor Jessica M. Moran, assistant editor Susan Wengraf, illustrations editor Robert Cohen, consulting editor 1. Made for America, 1890–1901 2. Making Speech Free, 1902–1909 A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN YEARS VOLUME ONE Made for America, 1890 –1901 CANDACE FALK • EDITOR BARRY PATEMAN • ASSOCIATE EDITOR JESSICA M. MORAN • ASSISTANT EDITOR SUSAN WENGRAF • ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR ROBERT COHEN • CONSULTING EDITOR UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS Berkeley Los Angeles London The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous contribution to this book provided by the General Endowment of the University of California Press Associates, and by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. frontispiece The young Emma Goldman just after her arrival in the United States from Russia in 1885. Fermin Rocker remembers his father, the eminent German anarchist activist and historian Rudolf Rocker, commenting wryly that his friend and comrade Emma Goldman was “made in America.” (Emma Goldman Papers) University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2003 by The Emma Goldman Papers Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Emma Goldman : a documentary history of the American years / Candace Falk, editor ; Barry Pateman, associate editor ; Jessica M. Moran, assistant editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-520-08670–8 (v. 1 : alk. paper). 1. Goldman, Emma, 1869–1940. 2. Anarchists—United States— Biography. 3. Anarchism—United States—History—Sources. 4. Freedom of speech—United States—History—Sources. I. Title: Documentary history of the American years. II. Goldman, Emma, 1869–1940. III. Falk, Candace, 1947– IV. Pateman, Barry, 1952– V. Moran, Jessica M., 1977– hx843.7.g65 e427 2003 335Ј.83Ј092—dc21 [b] 2002028943 Manufactured in the United States of America 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 10987654321 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48–1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). ᭺ϱ We dedicate our work to all who champion liberty and strive for social and economic justice. This page intentionally left blank SPONSORS The Emma Goldman Papers thanks all of our supporters, including these sustaining sponsors Carolyn Patty Blum for the volumes, for helping to keep history alive Mariam Chamberlain through their generous contributions. Patrick Coughlin Barbara Dobkin, Ma’yan, The Jewish Women’s National Historical Publications and Records Project Commission E. L. and Helen Doctorow Marilyn French University of California, Berkeley, Office of The Funding Exchange the Vice Chancellor for Research Peter Glassgold and Susan Thibodeau Lois Blum Feinblatt, Irving and Lois Blum the late Alice Hamburg (Agape Foundation) Foundation Louis and Sadie Harlan Cora Weiss, Samuel Rubin Foundation Nancy Hewitt and Stephen Lawson Ronald Hill Judith Taylor, The Murray and Grace Nissman Ronald Hogeland Foundation Bill Jersey and Shirley Kessler, Catticus Stephen M. Silberstein Corporation National Endowment for the Humanities Deborah Kaufman and Alan Snitow Hannah Kranzberg Furthermore: A Project of the J. M. Kaplan Maya Miller Fund Joan K. Peters and Peter Passell the late Art and Libera Bortolotti Robert Segal and Nancy Bissel Segal Michelle Shocked and Bart Bull Ben and Ida Capes family: Judith Smith and family David Capes, Judith Capes, Shirley Van Bourg Bonnie Capes Tabatznik, Susan Chasson, and Albert Chasson Mecca Reitman Carpenter The list of donors to the Emma Goldman Papers Project as well as donations in remem- the late Marcus and the late Harryette Cohn brance of and in honor of others continues Eric Alan Isaacson and Susan Kay Weaver with Emma’s List, beginning on p. 591. This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS List of Documents xi List of Illustrations xv Foreword xvii Forging Her Place: An Introduction 1 Editorial Practices 85 List of Abbreviations 91 DOCUMENTS, 1890 –1901 93 Chronology 489 Directories Individuals 516 Periodicals 563 Organizations 570 Selected Bibliography 581 Emma’s List 591 Acknowledgments 597 Index 615 This page intentionally left blank THE DOCUMENTS 1890 October 25 Article in the Baltimore Critic: “An Eloquent Woman” / 95 1892 May 3 Article in the New York World: “Anarchists in Charge” / 96 July 25 Article in the New York World: “Berkman’s Career Here” / 100 July 28 Interview in the New York World: “Anarchy’s Den” / 111 July 30 To Der Anarchist (in German) / 116 July 30 To Der Anarchist / 119 August 13 Appeal in Der Anarchist (in German) / 122 August 13 Appeal in Der Anarchist: “Attention!” / 123 August 20 From Alexander Berkman (in German) / 124 August 20 From Alexander Berkman / 125 October From Alexander Berkman (in German) / 127 October From Alexander Berkman / 129 October 8 To Max Metzkow / 130 October 19 From Alexander Berkman / 132 November 18 From Alexander Berkman / 134 November 30 From Alexander Berkman / 136 1893 March 4 From Alexander Berkman / 138 June 27 To Max Metzkow / 140 August 22 Article in the New-Yorker Staats-Zeitung (in German) / 141 August 22 Article in the New-Yorker Staats-Zeitung: “Badly Advised” / 144 August 25 Police affidavit / 148 September 13 Essay in Die Brandfackel (in German) / 149 September 13 Essay in Die Brandfackel: “The Right of Free Speech in America” / 151 September 17 Interview in the New York World: “Nellie Bly Again” / 155 October 4 Excerpt from trial transcript: “The People vs. Emma Goldman” / 161 October 17 Article in the New York World: “The Law’s Limit” / 177 xi November Essay in Die Brandfackel (in German) / 183 November Essay in Die Brandfackel: “American Justice” / 186 1894 May 25 To Claus Timmermann (in German) / 190 May 25 To Claus Timmermann / 192 August 18 Article in the New York World: “My Year in Stripes” / 194 August 20 Article in the New York World: “Hailed Emma Goldman” / 203 October Essay in Die Brandfackel (in German) / 209 October Essay in Die Brandfackel: “Anarchist Laws” / 211 1895 February Article in the Phrenological Journal and Science of Health: “Character in Unconventional People” / 214 July 21 To the Firebrand / 217 August 2 To the New York World: “Emma Goldman’s Attitude” / 219 September 25 Official circular of the German government / 220 October Article in Liberty: “Emma Goldman in London” / 221 October 18 Essay in the Torch of Anarchy: “The Condition of the Workers of America” / 228 1896 March 23 To Augustin Hamon / 233 April 28 To Augustin Hamon / 234 May 24 To the Firebrand: “Eastern and European Propaganda” / 236 July 23 To Augustin Hamon / 239 August 5 To the Firebrand: “The Berkman Fund Again” / 240 November 22 Article in the Pittsburg Leader: “A Woman Anarchist” / 243 November 27 Article in the Pittsburg Post: “Goldman’s Cry Against Society” / 247 December 2 To Max Metzkow / 251 December 4 From Alexander Berkman / 254 December 17 To Augustin Hamon / 257 December 17 To Max Metzkow / 258 December 30 To Max Metzkow / 260 1897 March 25 To Max Metzkow / 262 April 13 To Augustin Hamon / 263 June 25 To Augustin Hamon, with enclosure / 265 July 18 Essay in the Firebrand: “Marriage” / 269 August 17 Article in the New York World: “Anarchy in Spain and in New York” / 274 August 20 To Augustin Hamon / 280 September 4 Article in the Providence Evening Bulletin: “Anarchy” / 282 xii THE DOCUMENTS September 13 Article in the Boston Daily Globe: “Advised Strenuous Measures” / 285 September 30 Article in the Chicago Tribune: “Emma Goldman Has Her Say” / 288 October 24 Interview in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch Sunday Magazine: “What Is There in Anarchy for Woman?” / 289 December 15 Series in Sturmvogel, letters I and III (in German) / 293 December 15 Series in Sturmvogel: “Letters from a Tour” / 300 December 19 Article in Le Père Peinard: “American Post-Bag” / 318 1898 February 13 Transcript of lecture in Free Society: “The New Woman” / 322 February 23 Interview in the Pittsburg Leader: “What Emma Says” / 324 February 25 Article in the Pittsburg Post: “What Emma Goldman Thinks of Patriotism” / 327 March 15 To Solidarity / 329 April 27 Interview in the San Francisco Call: “Emma Goldman, Anarchist” / 331 July 10 To Free Society: “‘Ideas and Men’” / 334 July 15 To Solidarity: “A Short Account of My Late Tour” / 337 July 25 To the Detroit Sentinel / 340 July 31 To Free Society: “Gives Her Side” / 344 September 18 To the New York World: “New York Anarchist Leaders Denounce the Murder of Austria’s Empress” / 346 1899 January Exchange of letters in Liberty: “An Undelivered Speech” / 349 March 5 Transcript of lecture in Free Society: “Authority vs. Liberty” / 353 March 14 Interview in the Detroit Evening News: “An Interrupted Interview” / 357 July 15 Article in the Oakland Enquirer: “An Anarchist Propagandist” / 362 September 24 Interview in the Pittsburg Leader: “The Red Queen Is Here” / 366 September 27 To Augustin Hamon / 370 October 18 To Max Metzkow / 373 1900 January 4 To Max Nettlau / 374 January 24 To Max Nettlau (in German) / 377 January 24 To Max Nettlau / 379 February 19 To Max Nettlau (in German) / 381 February 19 To Max Nettlau / 382 February 20 Transcript of address in Freedom: “The Effect of War on the Workers” / 384 March 12 Communiqué from Royal Prussian Police to French Interior Ministry / 389 April 8 Transcript of address in Free Society: “The Propaganda and the Congress” / 392 April 22 To Free Society: “Observations and Suggestions” / 395 April 29 To Free Society: “Some More Observations” / 400 THE DOCUMENTS xiii May 15 To Max Nettlau (in German) / 404 May 15 To Max Nettlau / 406 May 22 French intelligence report / 408 June 31 To Max Nettlau (in German) / 410 June 31 To Max Nettlau / 412 July 15 To Max Nettlau / 414 September 25 To Free Society: “The Paris Congress” / 416 December 12 Article in the New York Times: “Rented by Emma Goldman” / 422 1901 January 6 Interview in the New York Sun: “Talk with Emma Goldman” / 423 February 8 To Marie Goldsmith / 432 February 17 To Free Society: “An Open Letter” / 434 ca.