Jamaica Journal

Index with abstracts

1990 – 2008

Compiled by :

Cheryl Kean and Karlene Robinson University of the , Mona.

Preface

Coverage The purpose of this index is to articles that have been published in the Journal since 1997. It covers the following issues:- Vol 23 no. 1 (1990) to Volume 31 nos. 1 & 2 (2008). All articles, book reviews, poems and short stories are included in the index.

Arrangement The index is arranged in two sections. The first section is a general List of abstracts arranged alphabetically by the first named author or title. This is a list of all articles that are included in this index with an abstract provided for each article with the exception of book reviews, stories and poems. All entries are numbered.

The second section is an Author and keyword list. The number that is listed beside each term corresponds to the number that is given to each entry in the general list of abstracts. Library of Congress Subject Headings were used to generate the list of keywords for all the entries in the index with the exception of a few cases where no appropriate terms existed to capture the subject material.

List of Abstrtacts

1. The Altamont DaCosta Institute. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):Back cover. Abstract: This article presents a brief biography of Altamont DaCosta, former mayor and custos of Kingston. The Institute was the former dwelling house of Mr. DaCosta and was willed to the people of Jamaica in 1935.

2. The Calabash tree (crescentia cujete). Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):Back cover.

3. Capture of a slaver. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):9-12. Abstract: Article reprinted from the Illustrated London News of June 20, 1857 and documents the capture of a slave ship with 370 slaves on board off the coast of Cuba.

4. Carl Abrahams 1911-2005: In tribute. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):32-7. Abstract: A biography and tribute to the man and his legacy is presented in this article. Carl Abrahams is described as one of the true pillars of twentieth Jamaican Art. 5. Dr. Franklyn Prendergast: Gold Musgrave medalist. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):66 . Abstract: In October 2003, the Gold Musgrave Medal was awarded by the to Professor Franklyn Prendergast. The citation read at the awards ceremony in May 2004 is reproduced in this article. The article documents the many outstanding accomplishments of this distinguished professor.

6. Drug-producing plants, from use to abuse. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):62-4. Abstract: This article examines the history of three drug producing plants: poppy; cocoa and ganja and their beneficial use to man for thousand of years until they were replaced by "modern, more reliable man-made drugs". It also looks at how modern man have abused the "valuable special qualities of these plants and the manner in which they have now "become part of today's drug culture".

7. Fellows of the Institute of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):26-30. Notes: In keeping with its mission to encourage literature, science and art, the Institute of Jamaica installed four Jamaican luminaries who have excelled in the fields of culture, science, and history in 2003 as Fellows of the Institute. They are: Sir Roy Augier in history; The Honourable Gerald Cecil Lalor in science; George Lamming in literature and the Honourable Louise Bennett-Coverley in culture. This article in addition to highlighting their achievements presents photographs and a brief biography of these icons.

8. The gentle tutor: Sir Philip's statue unveiled. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):24-5. Abstract: On Tuesday 25 February 2003 a statue of Sir Philip Sherlock, was unveiled on the Mona Campus of the University of the West Indies. This section of three pieces includes the opening remarks given on that occasion by Professor the Honourable Rex Nettleford, vice chancellor of the University of the West Indies; a brief biographical sketch of Sir Philip Sherlock; information on the background of the artist Valerie Bloomfield-Ambrose as well as her impressions of Sir Philip Sherlock and the decisions she had to make in representing him in art.

9. Guidelines for obtaining approval to restore and develop historic sites and districts. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):33. Abstract: This article sets out the guidelines that have been prepared by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust (JNHT) to assist in the preservation and development process. The architects believe that if the recommendations listed in these guidelines are carefully followed, the amount of time and money spent in seeking the approval will be kept to a minimum.

10. Historic structures: Malabre House. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):Back cover. Abstract: This short article traces the history of Malabre House situated at 11 North Street in Kingston

11. Honouring our ancestors: Interfaith ancestral funeral rites ceremony. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):31. Abstract: This brief article highlights the choice by the Jamaica National Bicentenary Committee (JNBC) of an interfaith ancestral funeral rites ceremony as a means of marking the bicentenary of the passing of the British act to legislate the end of the Transatlantic Trade in Africans in the former British colonies.

12. Institute of Jamaica's Musgrave Medals: Awards 1999. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):40. Abstract: The is a list of the bronze, silver and gold Musgrave Medal awardees for 1999.

13. Institute of Jamaica's Musgrave Medals Awards 2000: Taking the Musgrave to the streets. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):25-7. Abstract: Excerpts from a speech presented by Professor Barry Chevannes at the Institute of Jamaica's Musgrave Medals Awards in 2002. In the speech, he explains the reasons for staging this prestigious event outdoors. A list of the gold, silver and bronze Musgrave medal awardees is also provided.

14. Island Voices. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):37. Abstract: Island voices is an international writers exchange programme, which was born out of an attempt to create a cross cultural community of writers from East Midlands an the . The Institute of Jamaica, was attracted by the opportunity to develop its commitment to literature and the potential for writers workshops to involve rural communities. The project was managed at its outset from the Institute's Development Office, primarily as an outreach project. The article describes the project's structure, funding, support and activities.

15. . Jamaica Journal and the Environment. 26. 1996:58 . Abstract: This one page article is an overview of the range of topics presented on the environment covered by the Jamaica Journal from 1967 to 1995. "From its first appearance in December 1967, Jamaica Journal has carried articles on the environment. The Natural History Division of the Institute of Jamaica has consistently contributed timely articles and notable environmentalists have submitted important papers on special areas of interest".

16. Jamaican art for UNICEF cards. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):62. Abstract: Each year an international Art Committee from UNICEF selects the works of the most suitable artist to decorate greeting cards. These are sold globally and the proceeds go to aid thousands of destitute children world wide. In 1995 the work of two Jamaican artists are featured on UNICEF greeting cards: Caribbean Regatta done by Audrey Lazarus and Santa Fish by resident Rita Genet.

17. The Junior Centre - 60 years young. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):13-4. Abstract: This article outlines the various activities of the Junior Center of the Institute of Jamaica.

18. Late 17th century Bellarmine bottle. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):60. Notes: Series Treasures of Jamaican Heritage feature the Bellarmine bottle. Abstract: Bellarmine bottle or Bellarmine jars, Greybeards and Bartmann flasks made from brown, salt glazed stoneware were extensively use to store and transport liquids in the 16th and 17th centuries. The material from which they were made prevented loss of the contents through seepage or evaporation.

19. Materialising slavery: Art, artefact, memory and identity. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):71. Abstract: An exhibition titled Materialising slavery: Art, Artefact, Memory and Identity opened at the Institute of Jamaica on 16th September 2007. This article describes the main features of the exhibition which was designed to explore the "complex relationships between slavery, identity and belong in contemporary Jamaica and examined the intersection of slavery, history trauma, memory and representation.

20. Memorialising the victims of the Zong Massacre. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):23 . Abstract: On 28 December 2007, the Institute of Jamaica, in collaboration with the Jamaica National Bicentenary Committee, unveiled a plaque at the Black River Market in St. Elizabeth to memorialise the lives of 133 Africans who died after they were savagely thrown overboard a British slave ship, the Zong, while en route to Jamaica from West 's Gold Coast. On 28 December 1781, the Zong docked in Black River with 208 Africans, 232 less than when it had departed the Gold Coast. The Zong is said to rank among the ships with the highest mortality rates, and is noteworthy because the majority of the deaths were deliberate and premeditated.

21. Modern interiors, Jamaican style: Twentieth-century furniture in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):67-. Abstract: The museums of the History and Ethnography Division of the Institute of Jamaica curated the sequel of the first furniture exhibition with Modern Interiors, Jamaican Style: Twentieth-Century Furniture in Jamaica, which was mounted from September to 31 October 2008 at the Institute of Jamaica Exhibition Gallery.

22. Moore Town Maroon music: An international masterpiece. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):65. Abstract: The unique and rich musical heritage of the More Town Maroons is highlighted in this article.

23. Musgrave gold medalists of the Institute of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):64-7. Notes: The article is a tribute to the work of Gold Musgrave Medalists for 2005, Olive Senior and Richard Hart. The citation read at the award ceremonies is reproduced in this article. Abstract: In this short tribute, Olive Senior is hailed as "... the master discerner of the hearts of Jamaican grandmothers and mothers, the master discerner of Jamaican childhood and the master discerner of Jamaican rural and urban mores. "

A part of the citation to Hart reads as follows: "Richard Hart has contributed to Jamaica's political awakening by his selfless commitment to political education and organization geared towards bringing an end to the racist and undemocratic legacies of colonialism and effecting political, social and economic transformation of Jamaica within the framework of Caribbean regional unity." 24. Musgrave gold medallists of the Institute of Jamaica. 2008; 31(1-2):53-5. Notes: In October 2007, the Institute of Jamaica awarded a Gold Musgrave medal to Professor Bertram Fraser-Reid and a special Gold Musgrave medal to the Mystic Revelation of Rastafari. The citations are reproduced in this article. Abstract: Professor Fraser-Reid has made significant contributions in the areas of sugar and chemistry. In 1998 his research on oligosaccharides earned him a nomination for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He has co-authored over 330 publications and has received many international awards for his work.

Analysis of the contribution of the Mystic Revelation of Rastafari to the development of Jamaican music shows that their use of the drum, their musical instrument of choice, and the pioneering work of the band's late founder and musical director "Count Ossie" (Oswald) Williams were critical to the introduction and establishment of a revolutionary sound later to be brought to pre-eminence in the cultural landscape of this island.

25. Musgrave Medalists. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):69. Abstract: This a list of the Musgrave medal awardees from 1989-1992.

26. Musgrave Medalists . Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):48. Notes: This is a list of Musgrave medalists from 1994-1998. Abstract: This short article is an overview of a selection of Musgrave medalists from 1994-1998. These awardees span a number of disciplines and professions.

27. Musgrave Medalists. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):64-6. Notes: On 15 October 2008, the Institute of Jamaica awarded Gold Musgrave Medals to Professor Mercedes Richards for distinguished eminence in the field of astronomy and Mr. Carey Robinson in the field of Community Development and Heritage. The citations are reproduced in this issue.

28. A national environmental policy. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):13. Abstract: The government of Jamaica has made proper environmental planning and protection a national priority and has expressed this in a National Environmental Policy.

29. The National exhibition: Questions on the selection process. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):19-23. Abstract: This article gives background information on the history of the Annual National Exhibition in Jamaica. Information on the regulations regarding the composition of the jury and the criteria and judging mechanism for the inclusion of a work of art in the exhibition is also presented.

30. National monuments and protected heritage sites. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):39-41. Abstract: This article discusses the various monuments and protected heritage sites across the island. 31. OAS funding for the Institute of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):30. Abstract: Through the funding of projects and the sponsorship of workshops, the Organization of American States has been instrumental in assisting the Institute of Jamaica to upgrade its facilities and train personnel. Between 1979 and 1998, staff members from the Cultural Training Centre now School for the Visual Arts, the National Gallery and the Port Royal Archaeological Project benefited from training programmes in museum management, archaeology, conservation and restoration of ceramics, museology and craft design. These programs were conducted in countries such as Costa Rica, , Colombia, Mexico, Italy and the United States.

32. The OAS working to revitalize indigenous culture. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):31-2. Abstract: The Organization of American States (OAS) has always recognized the urgent need for programmes which aim to develop the whole human being as a prerequisite for building strong social structures. It is further recognized that essential to this development process is the creation of a 'cultural confidence' which has remained an elusive goal in Caribbean societies long after the attainment of political independence. It was this consciousness and this aim which gave rise to Training Methodologies in Community Cultural Animation, a project organized by the Jamaica Cultural Development Commission in collaboration with the OAS.

33. Of space and remembrance: Kingston's Liberty Hall. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):16 . Abstract: On February 23, 2000, Professor Robert Hill delivered a lecture at the Institute of Jamaica on Kingston's Liberty Hall, headquarters of 's United Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. His lecture traced the development of the UNIA-ACL as a world-wide movement of the black race led by Marcus Garvey and the significance of Liberty Hall to that effort.

34. Port Royal in Miami. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):68. Abstract: This article describes an exhibition of 150 rare artifacts from Port Royal mounted in the Miami Museum (16 February-3 June, 2007). The exhibition was organized by the Institute of Jamaica and the Historical Museum of Southern Florida.

35. The Preamble to the Charter of the United Nations . Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):68 . Notes: The Charter of the United Nations was adopted at San Francisco on 25 June 1945, and was signed the following day. It came into force on 24 October 1945, when the majority of the signatories had ratified it.

36. Procedure for declaring a site a national monument or designating a site a protected national heritage. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):32. Abstract: The Jamaica National Heritage Trust (JNHT) legally protects the nation’s architectural, cultural and material heritage in two ways: (1) declaring a site a national monument, and (2) designating a site a protected national heritage. This article outlines the procedures involved and also what is done in the event that a historic site has not yet been declared or designated and is under threat of demolition, damage or removal. 37. Reliving the past, embracing the present: The UWI Mona Campus Culture and Heritage Tour . Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):48-9. Abstract: This article highlights an initiative by the University of the West Indies (Mona) campus to showcase the rich heritage and culture of the institution, having once been a sugar plantation.

38. Remembering the 1907 earthquake. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):98. Abstract: In January 2007, an exhibition titled 1907 Quake: Before, During, After was mounted by the Institute of Jamaica in collaboration with the National Gallery and other agencies. This was done to "bring attention to the impact and consequences of the seismic event". These factors are briefly discussed in this article.

39. Saving 's Iron Bridge. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):55-6. Abstract: This article highlight the efforts of the Spanish Town Iron Bridge Foundation to save the structure of the Iron Bridge, which was built in 1800 and was the first of its kind in the western hemi-sphere. An international appeal has been launched and has met with some success. Plans for the development of the land surrounding the bridge are also outlined.

40. A selection of pieces by Jamaica's master potter, Cecil Baugh. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):60. Notes: A series of photographs of a selection of pottery pieces to mark the 90th birthday of master potter Cecil Baugh is presented in this article. These photographs include Third World, 1970; Cat and his Prey, 1971; Stoneware Vase; 1971; Vase with Two Dancers, c. 1978. A photograph of Cecil Baugh demonstrating the walk-around technique for BBC TV in 1949 is also included

41. Silver Musgrave Medalist 2005: Johnson, Linton Kwesi: Silver . Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):68. Abstract: A tribute to Linton Kwesi Johnson, Silver Musgrave Medalist for 2005. The citation which was read at the award ceremony is reproduced in this article.

42. Tissue culture. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):32. Abstract: Between 1990 and 1995, the Organization of American States played an integral part in the expansion of a tissue culture project implemented by the Jamaican Scientific Research Council. This project aimed to increase the productive capabilities of the Jamaican agro and horticultural sector by improving the quality and quantity of planting material used by our farmers.

43. Triton Shell Horn. 1993; 24(3):64. Notes: This is an article in the series Treasures of Jamaican Heritage. Abstract: A Triton shell horn was discovered at the Arawak site at Chancery Hall, St. Andrew and at another similar site. The fact that the shell has been clearly adapted for use demonstrates that the Arawaks were familiar with methods of transforming marine shells into horns for signaling over long distances or, possibly as musical instruments. 44. . Two - Jamaica Green Fund Project. 26. 1996:62-4. Abstract: The Canada/Jamaica Green Fund was developed within the context of increasing environmental degradation in Jamaica. The country faces major environmental problems including pollution of the island's interior and coastal waters; the erosion of the coast as a result of illegal removal of beach sand; the subsequent erosion of the remaining shoreline leading to further vulnerability of inland areas to coastal flooding; poor solid waste disposal in and around major settlements, creating health hazards for residents; and air pollution caused by effluent from refineries, power stations bauxite and other plants, and the emissions from gas-burning vehicles. All these problems combine to diminish the quality of life and threaten the sustained development of Jamaica in terms of the economic development and health of its people. It is against this background that the Canadian government through its International Development Agency (CIDA) would provide assistance for improved environmental management through the Green Fund Project. This article explains the objective, structure and the desired outcome of this project.

45. Two tributes: Sir Egerton Richardson and G. Arthur Brown. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):10. Abstract: These two tributes highlight the contributions of these two Jamaican stalwarts: Sir Egerton Richardson (1912-1988) and G. Arthur Brown (1922-1993). Sir Egerton Richardson made a major contribution to Jamaica by preparing it for "the administrative responsibilities of nationhood", and at a time when many of his countrymen "did not recognize that the country was ready to accept such a responsibility". "Sir Egerton was largely responsible for the development of Jamaica's public finance system and gave overall direction to the team which drafted the "Financial Administration and Audit Law". The Honourable G. Arthur Brown also made major contribution in the area of finance. From 1978-1990 he served as Deputy Administrator and then Associate Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). His previous experience as one of the most outstanding public officers in Jamaica in the field of finance and development made him uniquely fitted for service at UNDP.

46. The UN and the Changing world of women: From a Jamaican point of view. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):44-8. Notes: The information in this article is the result of collaborative effort of Vilma McNish of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Patricia Durrant and the staff of her office, Angela King, Marcella Martinez, and Joan Allman of the UNDP Library. Abstract: This paper examines the structure of the United Nations system and the extent to which it presently allows women to play important roles in light of "Equality, Development and Peace" - the slogan of the first Decade of Women it declared in 1975. It also highlights the concerns of women in general, and the contribution of Jamaican women in particular to various areas within the United Nations system up to its fiftieth anniversary. It further articulates the role that women in general can play in helping to solve global issues.

47. The UNESCO World Heritage Project. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):63-4. Abstract: As part of the celebrations marking Earth Day on May 5, 1995 a display was mounted in the Exhibition Room of the Institute of Jamaica. Among the exhibits were three outstanding models, or maquettes, representing three of Jamaica's most famous sites - Spanish Town Square, the archaeological site of Sevilla la Nueva; and Black River and the YS Falls. The maquettes were the work of members of UNESCO Clubs in nine schools across the island, that were part of an interregional project for the Participation of Young People in the Preservation and Promotion of World Heritage.

48. UNICEF, VOUCH and Richard Brown. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):62. Abstract: This very short article highlights the work of UNICEF in rescuing Richard Brown from the streets and assisting him with medical care and later transferring him to the care of VOUCH while still living at home with his father.

49. The United Nations and Jamaican music makers. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):66. Abstract: This short article highlights the fact that "as early as December 1964 , Jamaican music was singled out for recognition by the United Nations". It displays photographs of leading Jamaican musicians: Third World; The Frats Quintet and Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers.

50. Aarons GA. The Jamaican Taino: The Aboukir Zemis: Symbols of Taino Philosophy, Mysticism and Religion. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):11-7. Abstract: This article focuses on the Aboukir Zemis, symbols of the Taino Indians' philosophy and which featured in their religion. These three objects were excavated in the 1940s and were later transferred to the National Gallery in October 1992, and since then have been continuously on public display. They were also given wide coverage outside of Jamaica, having been featured on US television (CNN) in October 1992. In September 1993 an item in the 'Geographica' section of National Geographic quoted this writer and showed the largest of the carvings. Professor Barry Higman of the History Department, University of the West Indies first introduced the carvings to the writer and discussions with Ainsley Henriques, Chairman, JNHT, Dr. Boxer and Mrs. Grey led to his subsequent study of them with the purpose of documenting and classifying the finds and preparing a monograph.

51. Aarons J. The National Library of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):50-1. Abstract: The author outlines the function and operations of the National Library, and describes the kinds of material that is collected for the institution. The library is keeping pace with advances in technology and is described overall as a "treasure house which all Jamaicans should be "proud to own."

52. Agorsah K. Archaeology and the Maroon heritage in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):2-9. Abstract: Of all the fascinating aspects of Jamaican history, the Maroon element appears to be the only one that weaves through the whole period, including the present day. Referring to themselves as 'True blu chankofi piti bo', some Maroons of Moore Town in the parish of Portland claim that, with the exception of the freedom fighters of South Africa, they are the only genuine and most honourable freedom fighters worthy of the name. This article discusses the work of the University of the West Indies Mona Archaeology Research Project (UMARP) in obtaining archaeological data that can be used for the interpretation of the sociocultural patterns of the behaviour of the Maroon with the overall objective of identifying the character and mechanism of the functional adaptation of Maroon societies in Jamaica over time. The results of the 1991 archaeological find raise many issues suggesting a rethinking of the standard interpretation of Jamaica's history.

53. Aiken K. A really little fish story: an unusual fish phenomenon in the Yallahs River, St. Thomas. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):62-7. Abstract: This article discusses an unusual phenomenon that occurred in the Yallahs River in early January 2006 when millions of tiny fish were discovered swimming upstream in the river. The author identifies the species and describes their biology, ecology and behaviour and provides an explanation for the mass migration.

54. Alexander P. John H Rapier Jr and the Medical Profession in Jamaica, 1860-1862. Pt 1. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):37-46. Abstract: John Rapier was a black American who hoped to find better social and professional opportunities in the West Indies than in either or his homeland. In this article Rapier compared the option for social prominence and wealth in Haiti and Jamaica and concludes that Jamaica was the better option because of greater tolerance for black people of different shades, greater political stability and less threat of violence or upheaval. The article details the many experiences Rapier had in making a living until he decided to enter the medical profession.

55. Alexander PN. John H. Rapier, Jr and the Medical Profession in Jamaica 1860-1862: Part Two. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):55-62. Abstract: This is a continuation of part one of a previous article written on John Rapier a black American who hoped to find better social and professional opportunities in Jamaica than he could in the country of his birth. It discusses the issues surrounding the reform of the medical profession in Jamaica at the time when Rapier was making preparation to enter it. The article however focuses on Rapier's desire for social prominence and wealth and his belief that the medical profession could be such a vehicle. The article also provides social commentary of Jamaican society in the post emancipation era of the 1860s.

56. Allswoth-Jones P. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):82-3. Notes: Philip Allsworth-Jones reviews Bricks and stones from the past: Jamaica's geological heritage written by Anthony R. D. Porter

57. Anderson K. John Dunkley: An analysis of three paintings. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):20-3. Abstract: The National Gallery of Jamaica has paid homage to John Dunkley in an exhibition which opened on 10 December 1991, the hundredth anniversary of Dunkley's birth. Apart from a few pieces by Dunkley, the exhibition consisted of works by twenty-seven Jamaican artists each of whom felt some special relationship with this original and very private artist. In this article Kay Anderson examines three of Dunkley's paintings: Bustamante - The Good Shepherd, Back to Nature, Jerboa and opens a pathway into his interior landscape.

58. Archer P. Art and emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes Belisario and his worlds. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):80-3. Abstract: The exhibition titled Art and Emancipation in Jamaica: Isaac Mendes Belisario and his worlds was organized by the Yale Center for British Art to commemorate the bicentenary of the abolition of the British slave trade. In this article, the author gives her views on the exhibition while providing important historical information on the artist and the context in which these paintings were created.

59. Archer-Straw P. Desperately seeking Africa within Jamaican art. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):20-3. Abstract: By using a range of images, from self taught sculptor David Miller to sophisticated photographer Albert Chong’ the author explored the way in which 'perceptions of Africa have influenced Jamaican art, and the way in which our visual representations of diaspora identity shaped by imagery not just from Africa but also Europe’. She also‘wanted to show that Jamaican art’s iconography is truly distinctive - a reflection of our complex cultural perceptions’.

60. Archer-Straw P. Rethinking family in black and white. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2 ):6-9. Abstract: The author recalls her family's history through family photographs, and recounts the nuances of life of that face diasporic families.

61. Armstrong DV. A first-hand look at life on a Jamaican plantation: An archaeological study of the Afro-Jamaican Community at Drax Hall . Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1 ):3-8. Notes: This paper is a result of research conducted in cooperation with the Institute of Jamaica and the Jamaica National Heritage Trust. It was presented at the Caribbean Island Section of the February 1997 Conference on Race and Revolution: African Americans, 1770-1830, at the Smithsonian Institution Abstract: In the Caribbean and throughout the Americas, researchers are examining Afro-American social and cultural systems. This research is part of a general re-evaluation of the past. More specifically, it is a reflection of the growing awareness that black history and Afro-American heritage are an important part of the culture and history of the Americas. This archaeological and historical study of Drax Hall sugar plantation on the north coast of Jamaica explores the everyday lives of slaves as reflected by the material remains that they left in the ground such as refuse, trash and abandoned structures at a village occupied in the seventeenth through nineteenth centuries.

62. Atkinson L-G. Deacon Bogle and the Highland Castle Chapel: The Stony Gut Research Project . Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):42-7. Abstract: The Stony Gut site provided the means for reconstructing Bogle’s life, as his experience was in many ways atypical of the Afro-Jamaican post-slavery experience. The main objectives of the Stony Gut Research Project discussed in this article therefore are to highlight the development of the Stony Gut village, exploring the life of Paul Bogle and the importance of Bogle’s Chapel within the village, and to discover other archaeological sites within the area.

63. Baker A. Two Poems -A celebration of the windmill:The Windmill. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):56. Abstract: These are two poems written by Akil Bakeron 1. A celebration of the windmill 2. The windmill

64. Bandara S. Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):57-8. Abstract: In reviewing the bibliographical work titled Jamaica by K. E. Ingram, the author used the same criteria to judge the first edition: (1) the selection from the available literature, (2) organization of the selected material, (3) interpretation of the material so selected and organized. As with the first edition this revised edition scored highly as it also fulfilled these three main responsibilities of a bibliographer and is undoubtedly the most valuable single contribution made to general documentation of Jamaican studies that has appeared in recent years'. He highlights the clever way in which Ingram was able to comprehensively cover and expand entries to subjects while remaining within the limitations of the size imposed by editorial policy. The author noted that this new edition is without doubt a worthy successor and a rich supplement to the original work.

65. Barnett LMH. The Future of the United Nations: Reflections and speculations at its 50th year. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):49-53. Abstract: The uncertainties and questions that heralded the formation of the United Nations Organization fifty years ago are no longer with us; the philosophical underpinnings have largely been replaced, the actors have changed, the aspirations have been altered and, most important, the distribution of power has shifted. In the altered international environment will the United Nations as we know it have any relevance? This paper critically analyses the role and work of the UN in the past fifty years and questions whether it can cope with the complex issues facing the world. It articulates for reform of the United Nations in the light of shifting international relationships which are very different from the apparent certainties of the days when it was formed.

66. Batson-Savage T. Femininity in ' . Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):6-11. Abstract: This article discusses issues of femininity and sexuality in the latest by DJ Tanya Stephens. The author describes the album titled "Gangsta blues" as a combination of "poetry, fairy tales, hip-hop, and dance hall to create the musical version of a woman who refuses to be defined by any single thing." In this album the artist celebrates her sexuality and sees this as an important part of her femininity but departs from other dancehall DJs such as Lady Saw and by making "the woman's sexual pleasure as paramount in the sexual encounter". The author places the artist in a class of her own, presenting a "revolutionary take on the feminine".

67. Baugh E. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):73-4. Notes: A review of the book Fool-fool Rose is leaving Labour-In-Vain Savannah by Lorna Goodison

68. Baugh E. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):75-7. Notes: The author reviews a collection of poems entitled: From Harvey River: A memoir of my mother and her people written by Lorna Goodison.

69. Baugh E. Poems. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):63. Notes: Features three poems by Edward Baugh: 1. Freeze warning 2. A nineteenth-century portrait 3. Holy Fever

70. Baugh E. Two poems by Edward Baugh . Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):55. Abstract: Two poems by Edward Baugh: 1. The house 2. In times like these

71. Bengry P. The Natural History Society of Jamaica: Part one. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):44-7. Abstract: This article describes the genesis of the Natural History Society of Jamaica. Its early activities which included, camps, field trips, radio broadcasts and in 1941, the Society published a cyclostyled journal titled Notes of the Natural History Society.

72. Bensen R. Columbus at the abyss: The genesis of New World literature. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):48-54. Abstract: This essay is primarily concerned with Columbus's Journal as the Genesis of literary testament of the New World. It concludes with a brief survey of the Columbian dilemma of being caught between the Old World and the New as it appears in works by three West Indian writers: Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys; The Lost Steps by Alejo Carpentier and Another Life by Derek Walcott.

73. Bent SM. Heritage tourism and its importance to Jamaica . Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):30-3. Abstract: Heritage tourism is as old as tourism itself and is closely linked to community tourism. It is synonymous with the natural beauty of Jamaica, our historical architecture, our performing and visual arts, our traditional craft, our religions, our ethnicities, our language, our local dishes and our folklore. It provides the opportunity for a country, a region, and a people to distinguish themselves from other similar destinations based on several factors, the most important being its people. The author therefore demonstrates that heritage tourism is vital to our economy, as it has a direct impact on communities by stimulating positive social and economic changes. It brings with it growth in development and improved built infrastructure to support both the tourism industry and the participating communities.

74. Bernal MR. Poem. 2008; 31(1-2):95. Notes: In 1808, one year after the abolition of the slave trade, a rogue ship entered the port of Bowden on the south-east coastline of Jamaica with 257 African slaves on board. They saw - but never made - shore. Abstract: Poem titled Drowning stone, Bowden Harbour, St. Thomas

75. Bernal RL. Jamaica in the Organization of American States. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):33-6. Abstract: This article gives a critical overview of Jamaica's involvement in the Organization of American States (OAS). It covers the benefits of membership; the major challenges facing the OAS and the image of the OAS in Jamaica. It also examines the influence that Jamaica could likely have on the OAS in the future.

76. Bishop J. Poems. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):69. Abstract: Three poems by Jacqueline Bishop 1. Fauna 2. My great grandmother 3. Leaving the noise of the world behind

77. Blake V. Norman Manley: In pursuit of excellence. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):02-8. Abstract: This article discusses Norman Manley the advocate and lawyer. This phase of his career lasted for thirty three years and ended when he became Chief Minister of Jamaica in 1955. At this point in his career he was very famous and "his name became synonymous with legal skill and expertise".

78. Boxer D. Eric Cadien, 1954-1994. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):46. Abstract: In this short article Boxer pays tribute to Eric Cadien, hailing him as one of "our most outstanding young artists ... who shone so brightly while he was here ..that he left us a rich oeuvre which will live on and on."

79. Boxer D. February 29th or March 1st? Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):22.

80. Boxer D. Osmond Watson: 1935-2005. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):24-7. Abstract: In this article the author pays tribute to the life and work of the great Jamaican artist, Osmond Watson.

81. Brodber E. Myal : Excerpt from the work of Dr. Erna Brodber. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):42.

82. Brown D. A mute witness: Kingston’s historic landmark: The story of the old Half Way Tree Courthouse. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):64-7. Abstract: This article is a first in a series of articles on Kingston’s historic landmarks launched to commemorate the two-hundredth anniversary of the birth of the city of Kingston. It explains the history, historical significance of this two centuries old courthouse in Half Way Tree and the efforts by several stakeholders to restore this historic monument.

83. Brown D, Stratchan R. Kingston's historic landmarks: Oakton House, an architectural and historic gem. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):90-4. Abstract: Situated in what is mainly a twentieth-century town stands an exemplary piece of nineteenth-century architecture - a building of historic and architectural significance, known as Oakton House. The architectural features of this house are fully described in this article which also traces the ownership of the property as well its private and public uses since the late nineteenth century.

84. Brown W. One man's confederacy. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):54-5. Notes: A review of the book Strategies by Dennis Scott

85. Bryan P. Edna Manley: Sculptor in retrospect. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):28-36. Abstract: Author critiques the Edna Manley Retrospective Exhibition mounted at the National Gallery.

86. Bryan P. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):75-7.

87. Bryan P. Book Reviews. 2008; 31(1-2):99-101. Abstract: A Review of the book Archibald Monteath: Igbo, Jamaican, Morvaian by Maureen Warner-Lewis

88. Buckley D. Plantation ruins: Excerpts from "The right to be proud". Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):75. Abstract: This article consists of excerpts from the publication titled The right to be proud: A brief guide to Jamaican heritage sites by David Buckley (2005)

89. Byles G. The Natural History Society of Jamaica: After 60 years. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):48-9. Abstract: This article highlights the contributions of the Natural History Society of Jamaica over the past six decades.

90. Cargill M. A 1955 Tribute. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):16. Notes: This tribute from Morris Cargill was taken from "A Selection of His Writings in the Gleaner 1952-1985. Tropical Publishers Ltd. Kingston, Jamaica 1987. Abstract: This tribute highlighted the qualities of Norman Manley as a broadcaster and politician. Cargill focuses on his broadcasting techniques, his integrity as a man and the magnanimity he displayed when he lost elections.

91. Carnegie J. Norman Manley: Sporting Hero and More. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):38-43. Abstract: This article highlights the remarkable achievements of Norman Manley in the arena of sports. It captures in detail all his achievements as an athlete as a schoolboy and a sports administrator and in the development of athletics. In this article Manley is remembered and admired for the role he played in single handedly helping Jamaica College to success in the Inter-Secondary Schools Championship Sports now popularly known as Boy's Champs.

92. Chambers DMM. An overview of the United Nations. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):11-4. Abstract: "The United Nations arose out of the renewed need after World War Two for an organization that could maintain international peace and security and promote economic and social progress. This article gives an overview of the work of the United Nations as a whole, since its inception in 1945 to 1995 when it celebrated its fiftieth anniversary. The article examines its impact on Jamaica as a country over these fifty years, highlighting some of the benefits from its various specialised agencies. These organizations use funds allocated by the United Nations to provide the much-needed technical assistance and cooperation aimed at enhancing Jamaica's development. 93. Chen R. The shopkeepers: Commemorating 150 years of the Chinese in Jamaica. 2004; 28(2-3):67-72. Abstract: The author presents excerpts from his forthcoming book The shopkeepers: commemorating 150 years of Chinese in Jamaica, 1854 - 2004; a historical record of their arrival and personal stories of their endeavours and experiences compiled and edited by Ray Chen

94. Chevannes B. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):77-80. Notes: A review of the book Central Africa in the Caribbean: transcending time, transforming cultures by Maureen Warner-Lewis

95. Chevannes B. The Institute of Jamaica celebrates 125 years. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):6-7. Abstract: Article discusses the origins of the Institute of Jamaica, its role in fostering and encouraging the development of science, literature and art and the challenges it must face in the future.

96. Christie P. Remembering Fred Cassidy . Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):27. Abstract: This is a tribute to this celebrated Jamaican born linguist. His major publications included Jamaica Talk -1961 and The Dictionary of Jamaican English - 1967. He was awarded both silver and gold musgrave medals from the Institute of Jamaica. He also received many accolades in the United States was the recipient of Honorary degrees from various North American universities.

97. Clarke S. UNESCO: Fifty years of human development. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):17-21. Abstract: "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, (UNESCO), was established at the end of the Second World War and celebrated its fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of its constitution at a London conference on November 16, 1945. The establishment of UNESCO came after twenty five years of attempts to establish international cooperation in education and culture, and is the successor to the League of Nations International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation." This article outlines its history and the contribution it has made to development of the lives of persons within its member states.

98. Clayton A, Haley M. The management of Jamaica's coral reefs. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):15-23. Abstract: This article discusses the major factors (natural and anthropogenic), causing damage to Jamaica's coral reefs. The efforts and responses of both governmental agencies and Non-governmental agencies have been documented. Solutions for controlling pollution and over-fishing are offered and recommendations made for policy solutions.

99. Clerk A. Arawak musical instruments. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):45-9. Abstract: This article provides a historical description of the musical instruments used by the Arawaks. It discusses how they were produced and used in various activities. 100. Coffin J. Wannabe Jamaicans: Inter-ethnic relationships and ethnic boundary maintenance among American resort owners in Negril. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):44-7. Abstract: This paper presents a case study of American entrepreneurs in an inter-ethnic setting and also provides a critique of the degree to which Barths's and Banton's propositions are useful frameworks for explaining the impact of ethnic boundary maintenance affecting the entrepreneurs' perceptions and attitudes reported in this case study.

101. Coleman RA, Porter ARD. The so called 'Spanish jars' of Jamaica and their Italian connection. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):50-61. Abstract: This article discusses the history and features of the earthenware vessels/jars, popularly called 'Spanish jars' found in Jamaica. The authors also provide a catalogue of all known oil producer's stamps found on the jars located in Jamaica.

102. Constant D. and the Jamaican society from Aux sources du Reggae. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):40-3. Abstract: In this study of reggae music the author examines the history, social structure and politics of Jamaica and specifically the relationships between reggae and the wider society.

103. Cooper C. Lady Saw cuts loose: Female fertility rituals in dancehall. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):13-9. Abstract: The author sought to examine, analyze and interpret the work of famous dancehall DJ Lady Saw with a view to dispelling the totally negative image ascribed to her by members of the public, such as American anthropologist Obiagele Lake. She also attempted to correct erroneous views expressed about her position as a fan and critic of women in dancehall music by Lake in Rastafari women: Subordination in the midst of liberation theology. The article highlights the fact that those “who pay careful attention to the full range of the DJ’s lyrics … know that she is not a one dimensional artiste who uncritically reproduces sexist norms” but also includes in her repertoire “impeccable hymns, country and western laments, songs of warning to women about the wiles of men and politically _‘conscious’ lyrics that constitute hardcore socio-cultural analysis’.

104. Cooper C. Slackness hiding from culture: Erotic play in the dancehall. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):44-51. Abstract: This article examines the sexual lyrics often described as "slackness" in the music of the Dancehall.

105. Coulon S. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):56. Notes: A review of the book Her true-true name edited by Pam Mordecai and Betty Wilson.

106. Cresser J. Lucas Club: A pioneering Jamaican cricket club. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):24-7. Abstract: Discusses the significance of the establishment of the Lucas Cricket Club in opening up the sport of cricket to black working class cricketers. Lucas Cricket club has contributed to popularizing the game of cricket among the masses of the Jamaican people, making it "the game of the country".

107. Cresswell P. Art: insiders and outsiders: The 1991 Annual National Exhibition and homage to John Dunkley. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):29-35. Abstract: A critique of two exhibitions 1. Annual National Exhibition held in 1991 and 2. Homage to John Dunkley. In the latter, a group of invited artists were asked to create a work art in honour of Dunkley.

108. Curtin M. Carvings from the well at New Seville: European or Amerindian inspiration? Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):19-23. Abstract: This article discusses carvings from New Seville, also known as Sevilla Nueva or Seville de Oro, situated in the parish of St. Ann, which was once the site of an Amerindian village. It attempts to explain the remnants of fine masonry work, carved pilasters, cornices, lintels and door jambs unearthed in the area by Jamaica's first archaeologist, Charles Cotter. The writer describes in detail each item and explains their historical and artistic value and origin.

109. D'Costa J. The and the cabin boy. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):72-4. Notes: This is a short story written by Jean DaCosta. The plot of this story is based on actual events taken from a ship's log (the Ruby, from Bristol, in about 1730).

110. D'Costa J. Roger Mais's Jamaica: 11 August 1905 - June 1955. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):6-13. Abstract: The life and work of Roger Mais including the social, political and economic factors that helped to influence his writing are discussed in this article.

111. Daley DA. Copyright: Protecting the visual arts in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):7. Abstract: Discusses the provisions of the Jamaica Copyright law and the various rights provided under this law for visual artists. It also examines other issues related to copyright such as documentation of works for proof of authorship, licensing arrangements, and the approaches used by developed countries to protect the rights of visual artists. The ongoing efforts to strengthen our own Jamaican initiatives such as the Jamaica Copyright Licensing Agency (JAMCOPY) and the Jamaican Artists and Craftsmen's Guild (JACG) are also highlighted.

112. Davies O. The Wailers: Giving thanks and praise. 2004; 27(2-3):4-12. Abstract: The author “sought to review and analyze the contributions of the Wailers Bob Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer… to religious music”. He considered their earlier works, the cover version of hymns and Negro spirituals, their adaptations of songs and their own original compositions. The music they composed reflecting the Rastafarian faith far outnumbered the other areas.

113. Dawes K. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):102-5. Abstract: A review of the book I been there sort of: New and selected poems by Mervyn Morris

114. de Juan A. A Woman to Remember. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):26-7. Notes: Book review of Edna Manley - The Diaries edited by Rachel Manley - Heinemann Publishers (Caribbean) Limited, Kingston: 1989. Abstract: This a book review of an autobiography of Edna Manley edited by her granddaughter Rachel Manley. The material for this volume came from four books of diaries written by Edna Manley.

115. DiaMorrison E. Diabetes in the Caribbean: Excerpt from the work of Prof. Errol Morrison. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):41-2.

116. Donovan SK. Book review . Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):49. Notes: Jamaica : A geological portrait (1990) by Anthony R D Porter is reviewed by Stephen K. Donovan. Abstract: Donovan states that the literature of Jamaican geology is almost entirely concentrated in sources that are either inaccessible or unintelligible to the layman, in research theses, monographs and papers published in scientific journals. This is unfortunate as there are less popular books and booklets covering various other aspects of the island's natural history which are no more, or less, deserving of consideration than the geology. The one general text that is available which is compact, inexpensive, a mine of information but is prohibitive to the casual reader is Minerals and Rocks of Jamaica (1982) by Tony Porter, Trevor Jackson and Ted Robinson. Tony Porter's Jamaica: A geological portrait deserves to become a best seller amongst amateur and professionals, visiting and residential scientists and natural historians because of its sensible structure outlining the techniques and terminology of the science before discussing some of the important events in the development of our understanding of Jamaica geology and later explaining those feature of the island such as caves and blue holes, that are a fascination to just about everyone.

117. Donovan SK. Jamaica's ancient sea-eggs. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):34-9. Abstract: Jamaica has a large and diverse fossil record with new species, or better preserved specimens of lesser known taxonomic groups being found and described. This is so because much of the island is composed of and exposes the sedimentary rocks in which the fossil remains of ancient organisms are almost exclusively found. Limestone is the most common, but there are also sandstones, shale, mudstones and volcaniclastic deposits (volcanic ash deposits which have been resedimented often in an underwater environment). This article gives an overview of these fossils found in Jamaica.

118. Down L. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):77-8. Abstract: A review of the book My mother who is me: Life stories from Jamaican women in New York by Jacqueline Bishop

119. Edwards N. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):80-4. Notes: A review of the books Paint the town red by Brian Meeks and Such as I have by Garfield Ellis

120. Ellis G. For nothing at all: Excerpt. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):60-2. Notes: An excerpt from the novel, For nothing at all. Macmillan Pubs. , 2005

121. Eyre A. Dusky doctress: A Jamaican perspective on Mary Grant-Seacole. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):42-9. Abstract: Author challenges some of what has been written about Mary Seacole and answers six pertinent questions about her life and work - Was she a "black" woman?, Was she a "nurse"?, Was she a Briton? Was she an "unsung heroine"? Was she "charismatic"? And was Mary Seacole "eclipsed" by her "more famous white contemporary, Florence Nightingale"?

122. Eyre LA. The tropical rainforests of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):26-37. Abstract: Tropical rainforest is the most genetically diverse, biologically productive and scientifically exciting arena of terrestrial life on our planet. This article gives an overview of tropical rainforests in Jamaica. It highlights their characteristics; the threats and challenges to their existence; their chances of survival and the way forward.

123. Farr TFE. Tribute to Bernard Lewis. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):25-6. Abstract: This is a tribute to C. Bernard Lewis, Director of the Institute of Jamaica from 1950-1973. It describes his character and contribution to the development of the Natural History Museum in Jamaica.

124. Figueroa E. "I am written'': Kei Miller's literary abundance. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):68-71. Notes: A variety of literary works, prose and poetry are highlighted from Kei Miller's books: Prose - 1. There is an anger, 76; Fear of stones, 106; Same earth, 12-13; There is an anger, 41; Same earth, 227; Same earth 230. These poems also appeared in his collection: There is an anger that moves: The church woman goes through menopause; The church woman experience shekinah; The church woman visits a hospital; The silent things.

125. Fincham AGFAM. The Potoo Hole pictographs: A preliminary report on a new Amerinidian cave site in Clarendon, Jamaica and some notes on paleoclimate. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):2-6. Abstract: The use of caves in Jamaica as burial sites by Taino Amerindian peoples has been extensively documented. Over the past few years (1993 -1996) a series of paleontological expeditions organized through the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York, have spent several weeks in exploration of the caves of the Jackson Bay area of south Clarendon with the authors acting as principal 'cave guides' to the paleontologists. In 1993 a previously unrecorded cave entrance the Potoo Hole was discovered. In this preliminary report, a brief description of the site, along with some representative images are presented. Additionally, included is a discussion of the significance of these and other observations to the interpretation of climatic changes in this area of the island. The authors suggest that the location is an important site in the record of the pre-Columbian culture and history of the island and should be carefully preserved for posterity.

126. Fisher E. Jamaica launches bio-diversity website. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):51- cont. pg. 56. Abstract: One of the requirements of the International Convention on Biodiversity, to which Jamaica is a party, is the establishment of a clearing house mechanism (CHM) to promote and facilitate technical and scientific cooperation and to submit national reports on the implementation of the convention to the Conference of Parties. Jamaica's CHM website was launched on April 27, 2000. The site contains biodiversity related information and will facilitate access to and exchange of information. The site will not only provide local information but links to other organizations involved in biological diversity. Jamaica has therefore fulfilled one of its important obligations in the implementation of the Convention.

127. Francis Brown S. Finnish sailors among World War II internees. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):60-2. Abstract: In this article, the author chronicles the presence of Finnish soldiers at the Gibraltar Camp in Jamaica during World War II.

128. Francis Brown S. The Spanish Town iron bridge: The western world's first cast iron structure and first prefabricated iron bridge. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):54-8. Abstract: The history of the creation of the Spanish Town iron bridge is documented in this article.

129. Gauntlett D. Poems. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):76. Notes: Three poems by Delores Gauntlett 1. Emily 2. Monday on a hill 3. Freeing her hands to clap

130. Gaviria C. Message from the Secretary General of the OAS...to Member States on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the OAS. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):26. Abstract: In his brief message as part of the fiftieth anniversary of the O.A.S., the Secretary of States articulated that "The Organization of the American States through a restructured and administrative machinery and more sharply focused vision, is poised to assume and exercise a more significant, direct and consequential function in collaboration with all social partners in the implementation of our hemispheric agenda".

131. Girling Chalyn. Talking to Eric Cadien. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):46-7. Abstract: This article is an excerpt from an interview with artist Eric Cadien recorded by Chalyn Girling in May 1993 in Berkeley, California. Eric Cadien was there to take part in an exhibition at the Giorgio Gallery along with Gene Pearson and Judy Macmillan.

132. Glickman W. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):55-6. Notes: A review of the book The Nature of Science by Neville McMorris. 133. Goffe LG. A Jamaican in Jim Crow America. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):62-7. Abstract: Article discusses the circumstances surrounding the arrest, trial and subsequent acquittal of Jamaica businessman, Alfred Constantine Goffe, a banana trader in the early 20th century.

134. Goodbody I. Avian Refugees. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):55-60. Abstract: Species of plants and , or any other form of life, which are unique to an area are referred to as 'endemic species'. Care must be taken not to confuse the word endemic with indigenous; an indigenous species is a native inhabitant of the area (i.e.occurring naturally and not introduced) but may occur elsewhere, while endemic species are found nowhere else and have a unique genetic composition. Jamaica has a very high level of endemism among both its plants and . The present essay is concerned with the endemic species and sub-species of bird in Jamaica and its aim is to stress that the endemic flora and fauna are as much a part of the nation's heritage as are cultural artefacts such as Arawak pottery from White Marl and that the survival of endemic animals is dependent on the maintenance of their habitat.

135. Goodbody I. Natural history in Jamaica: Reflecting on the past and charting the future. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):48-53. Abstract: This article gives a general overview of natural history highlighting: the rise of amateur natural history; the growth of natural history societies; the influence of British natural history in Jamaica; early naturalist in Jamaica. He explains the work of some five individuals who contributed to the field of natural history through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Jamaica. The article also examines how and why the Institute of Jamaica was founded as well as the _‘mission and responsibility for the coming century’. He clearly identifies a number of areas that need to be addressed.

136. Goodison L. Mother the great stones have to move: Excerpt from the work of Lorna Goodison. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):43.

137. Goucher CL. John Reeder's foundry: A study of eighteenth-century African-Caribbean technology. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23 (1):39-43. Abstract: Article documents the history of the John Reeder foundry erected in the parish of St. Thomas in the East. During the brief history of the foundry 1774 - 1782, a variety of useful articles were manufactured including large iron boilers, iron rollers for pressing canes, brass howitzers, cast utensils, mortars, petards, cannon and lead bullets.

138. Graham G. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):74-5. Notes: Review of the book Near death experience by Oswald Harding

139. Grant L. Protecting Jamaica’s underwater cultural heritage. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3): 26-9. Abstract: UNESCO seeks to take the protection of heritage into the realm of international law through international conventions such as the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 1970, and more recently, the controversial Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (CPUCH) 2001. For Jamaica having been an active participant in the negotiations process, the CPUCH is particularly important. Sites which hitherto were considered too costly or time consuming to research and explore are now being considered due to the vast improvement in technology and new methodologies in the field that make the formerly impossible, possible. This article therefore examines the question ‘Will the CPUCH aid Jamaica’s ability to protect, learn from and enjoy these resources or will it hinder it?’

140. Greenland J. Art and society: Interview with Eddie Chambers. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):30-7. Abstract: Eddie Chambers was the curator of the exhibition "Curators eye, dentity and History: Personal and social narratives in art in Jamaica" which was shown at the National Gallery early in 2006. He discusses his work in this exhibition with Jonathan Greenland.

141. Greenland J. For the love of the game: Interview with Barrington Watson. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):6-11. Abstract: Renowned Jamaican artist Barrington Watson shares his interest in cricket and discusses his paintings in the exhibition titled Cricket, lovely cricket: The cricket paintings of Barrington Watson (National Gallery of Jamaica, March 10 - April 28, 2007) with Dr. Jonathan Greenland, executive director of the gallery.

142. Gregg VM. Busha's mistress: Lest we forget. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):64-9. Abstract: This article discusses the issues of race, sex, gender, morality, and slavery in the book "Busha's mistress or Catherine the fugitive: a stirring romance in the days of slavery in Jamaica by Cyrus Francis Perkins and Lady Nugent's journal of her residence in Jamaica from 1801 to 1805 by Lady Maria Nugent ed. by Philip Wright.

143. Gutzmore C. Cricket, painful cricket: Failing at the game of 'two halves' or 'three paradigms'. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):12-5. Abstract: The author discusses the rise and demise of West Indies cricket in the context of "three powerful cricketing paradigms" presented in the works of Professor Hillary McD Beckles.

144. Gutzmore C. The SS Empire Windrush: myths and facts. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2 ):11. Abstract: The author discusses the "myths and facts" surrounding the voyage and passengers of the SS Empire Windrush in 1948. This voyage carried the first post-1945 Caribbean migrants to the UK.

145. Hamilton B. The Legendary Marcus Garvey. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):54-8. Abstract: The death of Marcus Garvey in London fifty years ago was greeted with great suspicion and widespread disbelief by many of his followers in Jamaica. The reaction was not the result of the usual shock of hearing of the passing of a loved one but mainly because Garvey in his fifty-three years had managed to assume mythical, almost divine, qualities in the eyes of many. And divine personages do not die. One year later one of the officers of Garvey's organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), felt compelled to write the following '... in spite of all evidence... Negroes still believe that Garvey is still not dead. What is wrong? Was he mortal? Was he not human and subjected to sickness and death like the rest of us?'

146. Hanna M. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 31(1-2):109-10. Notes: A review of the book titled The pirate's daughter by Margaret Cezair-Thompson

147. Hanna WJ. Early days of commercial aviation in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):11-8. Abstract: The pioneer commercial airline in the Caribbean was Pan American Airways which, with its affiliates, had established commercial aviation routes in the region as early as 1929. Together with a few other companies, they made up the network that served some West Indian island and Central and South America. Initially Jamaica was not part of that network. The only flights to the island were made by the occasional intrepid aviator on an exploratory flight, testing the limits of his plane or displaying the capabilities of this new method of transport. This article gives a comprehensive historical, anecdotal overview of commercial aviation in Jamaica.

148. Hanna WJ. Motoring in Jamaica: The early years. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):49-54. Abstract: Newspapers of the day served to publish both the views of early 'automobilists', (as they called themselves) as well as of those not so inclined to this mode of transport. Editorials usually sought to highlight both points of view but seemed to accept that cars had arrived to stay. The activities of the Legislative Council; were also reported in the papers, so it is possible to get an idea of the then Government's viewpoint on this new and evolving phenomenon. By 1908 road guides of the island, complete with maps and motoring tips were being published for both tourists and locals alike. From all these sources, it is possible to gain a sense of early motoring in Jamaica as well as the difficulties and problems faced by motorists.

149. Harriott A. Yardies and dons: Globalization and the rise of Caribbean transnational crime. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):34-9. Abstract: The author discusses the emergence of transnational crime in the Caribbean region and the role that Jamaica plays in this network. He examines other social factors such as migration and the resultant social disruption of the Jamaican society, the alienation of Caribbean youths in the North American and the UK and the contribution of said factors to the development of criminal behaviour.

150. Hart R. Norman Manley: Federation an Ill-fated Design. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):10-6. Abstract: This article discusses the issues related to federation of the British colonies and the role Norman Manley played in garnering support for federation from Caribbean parliamentarians. This concept of a strong federal government was based on the idea that this would foster regional economic growth. This article also examines the factors that led to demise of this thrust.

151. Haynes-Sutton A, Sutton RL. Out for a Duck: The Need for Conservation of Ducks in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):39-48. Abstract: This article discusses the biology, status and importance of ducks in Jamaica and in particular the endangered West Indian Whistling Duck which is an international resource. It highlights their characteristics; habitat; causes of their decline; threats to their existence and recommends a strategy for recovery.

152. Hearne S. Mutabaruka. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):48-52. Abstract: This article is an interview of famous Jamaican poet Mutabaruka. He expresses his views on a number of subjects including choice of career, religion, race, black consciousness, drugs and the impact of foreign culture on Jamaican youths.

153. Hendriks AM. The annual national exhibition: On the eve of a new era. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):23-31. Abstract: The 1990 Annual National Exhibition at the National Gallery of Jamaica brought together just over a hundred works by seventy-two artist to present a fair cross-section of work done last year by Jamaican artists and artists from overseas who have lived and worked here. Although the absence of our major artists was regrettably evident, the Exhibition showed some of the extraordinary artistic energy still surging in Jamaica. As might be expected from seventy-two searching individualists, the exhibits varied in concept, technique and style. The three main media used - painting, sculpture and ceramics - were vehicles to convey social satire, penetrations and into death, despair or the subconscious, environmental protest and other aspects of nature and humanity. All the works showed facets of society and its environs reflected by the artists, but only after they have passed through the alembic of the individual mind and have been coloured and shaped by it.

154. Henriques A. The Jamaica National Heritage Trust: Reflections on the first fifty years. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3): 6-11. Abstract: The author discusses the role of the Jamaica Heritage Trust and its accomplishment during the first fifty years of its existence. He also compares the role of the Institute of Jamaica as collector and keeper of the heritage against the newly created Jamaica National Trust Commission (1958). The article discusses a number of significant restoration projects such as Port Henderson; Rockfort Mineral Baths; Firefly, the former home of the late Sir Noel Coward in St. Mary, and the Rio Nuevo battle site, to name a few that were undertaken by the Trust.

155. Henry B. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):77-8.

156. Henry B. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):79.

157. Hickling FW. Grappling with British racism: A Jamaican psychiatrist's struggles with mental illness in African-Caribbean people in the UK. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):20-9. Abstract: Author documents the activities and outcomes of two mental health projects in the United Kingdom which utilized principles of mental health care adopted from Jamaican initiatives. The projects involved the application of methodologies that included culturally appropriate psychiatric-led assessments and were successful in the management of African Caribbean mentally ill patients in the various communities in Birmingham.

158. Higman BW. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):85-6. Notes: A review of the book Encyclopedia of Jamaican heritage by Olive Senior

159. Hinds A. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):53. Abstract: A review of the book Caribbean slave: A biological history by Kenneth Kiple

160. Horst HA. The most English town in Jamaica: myths, memories and other returning resident dilemmas. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):50-5. Abstract: This article "explores the production of Mandeville as an English place, locating Mandeville's origins as a British hill station and relating it to the arrival of returnees, often referred to as 'the English' and the ways they interpret and resituate their identification with Englishness and, in turn, being Jamaican."

161. Hudson BJ. Climbing waterfalls: A Jamaican tourist activity. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):20-3. Abstract: Waterfalls because of their aesthetic appeal are attractive to visitors. However they also offer opportunities for a variety of recreational activities such as bathing, and in many places, are popular picnic spots. For centuries, residents of Jamaica and visitors to the island have enjoyed the waterfalls there, admiring the spectacular natural beauty, frolicking in the cascading streams, and relaxing often with food and drink. This tourist activity is examined here from a geographical and historical perspective. This paper seeks to explain the origins of waterfall climbing in Jamaica and to consider why it became so popular among locals and foreign tourists. Finally the environmental impacts of this practice are considered; and a proposal is suggested as a possible means of reducing pressures of tourism on Dunn's River Falls.

162. Hussey D. Bob Marley: A global icon . Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):3-6. Abstract: In this tribute, Hussey discusses the life and legacy of this musical icon. He also examines the issues surrounding the selection of Marley's album "Exodus" by Time Magazine as the album of the century.

163. Hutton C. An African-American in Jamaica in the nineteenth century: John Willis Menard in the struggle for the definition of Post-slavery society. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):56-63. Abstract: John W. Menard was an African American who made a significant contribution to the struggles of African-Jamaicans in post slavery society. This article documents his activities during his brief time in Jamaica. His ideas concerning the black masses of the country were "antithetical to the ideology, culture, and psychology of the white supremacy and the plantocratic system in Jamaica". This ideology which underpinned most of his writings in Jamaica is fully discussed as well as his relationship and possible influence on some of the important men who were implicated in the Morant Bay Rebellion of 1865. The circumstances surrounding his arrest and subsequent expulsion from the island to the United States are also documented.

164. Hutton C. Women in the Morant Bay Rebellion: A Force in the Struggle for the Definition of Post-Slavery Society. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):10-3. Abstract: The role of black women in the Morant Bay Rebellion should be seen within the context of attempts by African-Jamaicans to bring about, in their favour, a social economic, political, cultural psychological and philosophical definition of post-slavery society. The Morant Bay Rebellion represented the highest expression of the antagonisms between the plantocracy and the recently freed Africans over the direction of post-slavery construction and development. This paper examines the role women played in this rebellion.

165. Ingledew J. Jamaican postage stamps. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):2-7. Abstract: Discusses the history of the postage stamp in Jamaica.

166. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Dragonflies and damselflies of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):Back cover. Notes: This is an article in the series Glimpses of Jamaica's natural history Abstract: This brief article describes these , and provides brief notes on their habitat and uses to man

167. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. The flower eaters. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):Back cover. Notes: The flower eaters is one article in the series Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History which highlights the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: The flower eaters (Macraspis tetradactyla) are beetles about 25 mm (1 inch) in length, almost totally black and with wing covers (elytra) polished so highly that they glisten in the sunlight. This short article explains about this specie of beetles.

168. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Jamaica rose. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: This is a very short article on the Jamaican rose, Blakea trinervia (Family - Melastomataceae) popularly known as Cup and Saucer or Wild Rose . This endemic plant is a "scrambling shrub bearing bright pink flowers with unusual yellow anthers.

169. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Jamaican black-billed parrot. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):Back Cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. This article was written by Thomas Farr, late of the Natural History Division of the Institute of Jamaica Abstract: An endemic species mostly green in colour, the Jamaican Black-billed parrot (Amazona agilis) can be distinguished from the Yellow-billed parrot by its distinctly greyish-black beak and greenish throat.

170. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. The Jamaican crocodile. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: The Jamaican crocodile (Crocodilus acutus) sits proudly atop the Royal Helmet and Mantlings on the Jamaican Coat of Arms and as such is part of our heritage. It is thought to have inhabited Jamaica from the formation of the island when it drifted away from other land masses and is found predominantly in the mangrove swamps on the south coast of the island.

171. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. The Jamaican iguana (Cyclura collei). Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):Back cover. Notes: This an article in the series Glimpses of Jamaica's natural history Abstract: A short article highlighting the need for conservation strategy to protect this endemic species.

172. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. John Crow Blow Nose//John Crow Nose Hole. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):Back cover. Notes: John Crow Blow Nose/John Crow Nose Hole in Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is part of a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: John Crow Blow Nose (Clathrus sp.) is an extremely fragile member of the genus Clathrus, commonly known as Stink Horn Fungi and characterized by a strong offensive odour.

173. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Kingston buttercup. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: The Kingston Buttercup also known as Police Macca, Kill Buckra, Puncture Vine and Jamaica Fever Plant is scientifically known as Tribulus cistoides L. This plant is widespread in the tropics, is a member of the family of Zygophyllaceae and is related to Jamaica’s national flower, the Lignum Vitae.

174. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. The Mason River Field Station. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: This short article discusses a nature reserve near Kellits, on the borders of St. Ann and Clarendon. Despite the fact that 'originally dense forest' have been 'cut down or destroyed by fire, the reserve is home to over 400 species of fern and flowering plants endemic to Jamaica and the area'. The insectivorous plant Drosera capilaris, the Sundew, native to Jamaica and other tropical areas is found in this area and is particularly noted for its method of feeding. 175. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Pimento. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: Describes the Jamaican pimento plant (Pimenta dioica) from the family Myrtaceae which includes such plants as the guava, otaheiti apple and rose apple. Native to Jamaica, it is one of the island's traditional crops. This article also discusses the uses and benefits of this tropical plant.

176. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Portlandia Proctorii (Aiello) Delprete. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):Back cover. Notes: This is an article in the series Glimpses of Jamaica's natural history Abstract: This article is a brief discussion of the genus of this rare plant which is a member of the coffee family, and confined to the parish of St. Catherine.

177. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. The Sphingid : The Satellite Sphinx Moth - Satellitia Satellitia (Linnaeus, 1771): The Frangipani Caterpillar - Pseudosphinx tetrio. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):Back cover. Abstract: A brief exposition on the Sphingid moth or Hawk moth and the larvae of these commonly called 'hornworms'.

178. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Spiny lobster. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: Spiny lobster (Panulirus argus) gets its name from the long whip-like antennae or spines on its head. One of the Palinuridae family, it differs from true lobsters in, that it does not have claws. This short article describes the life cycle and patterns of the spiny lobster.

179. Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division. Trumpet Tree. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Jamaica's Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: The Trumpet Tree or Snake Wood is a member of the family of Moraceae and therefore related to the fig, breadfruit and jackfruit. This tree is a native to Jamaica and is abundant in the West Indies and Central America. The fruit is edible and taste like figs. The wood is soft and is used commercially to make match sticks, boxes, crates and paper pulp.

180. Issa R. Port Royal Naval Dockyard repairs in 1789. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):11-4. Abstract: Much has been written about Port Royal since it was first founded. There are detailed descriptions of the erection of the original fort there in 1656, the great earthquake of 1692 and various historic events that took place subsequently. In addition buildings there such as Fort Charles, the other forts, St Peter's Church, the Royal Naval Hospital and Nelson's Quarterdeck have all been the subject of studies. The daring expeditions of the past and contemporary excavations have also been fully described and the findings documented in detail. However the Naval Dockyard has been neglected in the written records although it played an important part in the history of Port Royal from 1735 or even earlier, until 1905 when it was closed. This article sheds light on the strategic importance of the Dockyard and includes a letter which gives an account of the progress of the expansion work at the Dockyard, a plan of the yard, as well as detailed information about the work and costs involved.

181. Jackson C, Webber M. Sponges of the Port Royal mangroves and factors that affect their distribution. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):42-9. Abstract: This article examines the primitive multicellular animals called sponges. The authors discuss, the characteristics used to identify sponges, the factors that contribute to their uniqueness, the various kinds of sponges identified around the Port Royal Lagoons, and the reasons why researchers take an interest in this specie of animals.

182. James W. Claude McKay's date of birth: A controversy, its resolution and a document. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):7-12. Abstract: This carefully researched article puts to rest the controversy concerning the date of birth of renowned Jamaican poet and author Charles McKay. Admirers in three continents wanted to pay homage to his memory but were uncertain of the year he was born. Up to 1920, McKay had accepted, and all the biographical notices about him had suggested that he was born on September 15, 1889. However in 1922, McKay's Harlem Shadows gave, without explanation, his date of birth as 1890. Between 1924 and 1927 McKay wrote a series of angry letters to Alain Locke, Professor of Philosophy at Howard University and one of the protagonists in the Harlem Renaissance, accusing Locke of cowardly and arrogant editorial policies. It was in one of these letters that McKay chided Locke for getting his date of birth wrong.

183. Johnson A. The all-time Jamaican eleven. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):16-9. Abstract: The all-time Jamaican eleven is a selection of outstanding Jamaican cricketers that were highlighted in the book, City of Kingston souvenir by Anthony Johnson. The author presents a brief synopsis of the extent of their contribution to the sport of cricket as the basis for the selection of each of the eleven cricketers.

184. Johnson LK. Poems. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):69. Abstract: This work features 2 poems by Linton Kwesi Johnson: 1. Inglan is a bitch 2. New word hawdah

185. Jones D. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):111. Notes: A review of the books titled Fight for freedom: The destruction of slavery in Jamaica by Carey Robinson and The iron horn: The defeat of the British by the Jamaican Maroons by Carey Robinson

186. Jones D. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):85. Notes: The rise and fall of Falmouth: World heritage Georgian site written by Carey Robinson is reviewed by Dennis Jones 187. Jones K. Liberty Hall: Cradle of liberty. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):7-15. Abstract: This article captures the symbolic importance of Liberty Hall as a place and space for the gathering of thousands of African Americans and Jamaicans in the 1920s and 30s. The first Liberty Hall was opened in 1919 New York City and was a place of refuge for the ordinary man, of cultural and spectacular social events, for educating the masses as well as a space for intellectual debate and inspiration. It was described by one observer as ... "the forum of Negro thought and intellect and the fountain of inspiration which has its reaction in the ever increasing race consciousness that is pervading Negroes the world over." By 1927 there were as many as fourteen hundred Liberty Halls across the United States and elsewhere in the world. Jamaica's own Hall was eventually established at 76 Upper King Street and was more than just a home for the U.N.I.A. Like it's counterpart in New York, it was a nursery and haven for young black musicians, dancers, speakers, dramatists, comedians and other entertainers, it was a place for educating ordinary men and women in subjects such as mathematics, english, latin and geography. It was also a platform for budding intellectuals who were later to make a great impact on Jamaican society.

188. Josephs AJ. More than a nurse: Mary Seacole as wife, 'mother' and businesswoman. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-3):50-5. Notes: This paper gives an account of Mary Seacole as a wife, widow, mother and businesswoman whose ventures included gold prospecting, storekeeping and hotel keeping.

189. Josephs KB. Ventriloquising the Caribbean: Interview with StaceyAnn Chin. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):28-33.

190. Kerr R. Jamaica's sea turtles. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):2-6. Abstract: Sea turtles represent a unique part of the world's biological diversity. The reptilia have colonized most of the earth's terrestrial niches, but only the sea turtles and the sea snakes (relatives of the cobras) have successfully tackled the marine environment. This article discusses the nature and habitat of these endangered sea creatures and the role and work of the Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST). This is an autonomous non-governmental organization (NGO) formed to assist Caribbean governments to discharge their obligations under the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) Protocol. Their aim is to produce Recovery Plans for each of the territories of the region. It also highlights the work of a local Sea Turtle Recovery Network primarily charged with the task of preparing the Jamaica Sea Turtle Recovery Action Plan.

191. Klobah LC. Still dancing on John Wayne's head: Jamaican and indigenous collaboration, dubwise. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):40-8. Abstract: This article examines the efforts of TFTT ( The Fire This T ime) and IR/IR (Indigenous Resistance, Indigenous Reality) in "fostering cultural, musical and political collaborations between African peoples, Jamaicans, "Blakk Indians", indigenous peoples and other cultures of resistance". The authors contend that both these collectives, founded in Canada and Brazil respectively, utilize Jamaican reggae and dub music to "build a foundation for actualizing the kind of 'harambee' (working together in unity) principle that reggae proclaims. Their experimental films, documentaries and cyber publications stress the importance of conducting research into untold histories, reading conscious literature and creatively generating social transformation through direct action".

192. Lalor G, Vutchkov MK, Preston J. Lead poisoning in Jamaican children. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):38-41. Abstract: Discusses the incidence and prevalence of lead poisoning in Jamaican children with specific reference to the Kintyre Basic School located near the Mona Campus of the University of the West Indies. The authors also discuss the occurrence of lead in Jamaican soils and the sources or causes of lead poisoning in Jamaica.

193. Leach S. The comforting arms. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):68-72. Abstract: This story examines the complex relationship between two sisters, Sugar and Celine.

194. Lennard J. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):80-1. Notes: In search of buccaneers by Anthony Gambrill was reviewed by John Lennard

195. Levy A. That polite way that English people have. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):70-4.

196. Levy C. The environmental NGO movement in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):22-5. Abstract: The environmental non-governmental movement in Jamaica owes a great debt to the teachers of yesteryear. These dedicated persons helped to found and maintain volunteer groups, many of which, still exist today. In the face of prolonged and serious degradation and devaluation of the natural resources of the island since the 1950s, they have been the guardians of information. The growing awareness in the general society of the importance of the natural environment can also be traced to their efforts. However, at the time they were formed they were not called 'Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations'. This is a term of relatively recent usage, reflecting present-day problems and concerns. This article traces the growth and development of environmental NGOs in Jamaica and their value to the Jamaican society.

197. Lewin O. Traditional Jamaican music : Mento. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):49-53. Abstract: In discussing Jamaican traditional music in particular mento, Lewin stated that colonial policies caused Jamaicans not only to be ignorant of their African past but also to despise sounds, sights and ideas that did not synchronize with those of the ruling powers. She noted that in spite of the neglect and outright rejection by certain levels of society, the traditional music of Jamaica survived. It was interwoven with all aspects of everyday life, it made communication with the God and spirits possible and generated and maintained feelings of belonging and self-worth. However, the middle and upper 'echelons of society', exposed as they were to the Eurocentric influences of their education and the effects of colonial rule, were unaware of the cultural wealth of the music of the people. It is ironic but not surprising that visiting English and American scholars such as Walter Jekyll, Martha Beckwith and Helen Roberts first took the trouble to research and document aspects of Jamaica cultural heritage which was later continued by Jamaican educators.

198. Lewis CB. The Natural History Society of Jamaica: Part two. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):47- cont. p. 49. Abstract: This article traces the development and describes the content of the publication "Natural History Notes" (6 vols.).

199. Lewis R. Barrington Watson's Pan-Africanists. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):23-7. Abstract: The author explores the contributions made by the seventeen Pan Africanists chosen for inclusion in a painting of the same title, by Barrington Watson. These seventeen activists struggled for the liberation of Africa as well as for the abolition of slavery, colonialism, apartheid and all forms of racial discrimination.

200. Lewis R. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):59. Notes: Review of Tony Martin's Marcus Garvey: Hero. Abstract: Especially since Garvey's centenary year in 1987, there has been discussion about the teaching of his life and work in schools. Some have argued that while there are academically researched books on Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association for mature readers there is a dearth of materials for young readers. The author disagrees with this viewpoint and opines that Tony Martin's book is one of several titles on Marcus Garvey for young readers published in the 1980s.

201. Lewis R. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):63-5. Abstract: Lewis states that Dr Obika Gray's, Radicalism and social change in Jamaica, 1960-1972 is a well researched and documented study of the alternative traditions in Jamaican politics in the decade after Independence in 1962. He discusses Rastafarianism and a number of left-wing and Marxist organizations. These include Abeng, Unemployed Workers Council, the Young Socialist League, New World, ITAC (Independent Trade Union Advisory Council) and other organizations which were dominated in the main, by middle-class radicals connected to, or disconnected from the People's National Party, but whose political concerns went beyond electoral politics.

202. Lewis R. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):67-8. Notes: 740 pgs. illus., with 5 maps. Abstract: The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers: Africa for the Africans, edited by Robert Hill is the ninth volume in the series and covers the period from June 1921 to December 1922 using documents from a number of African sources. This is the second of the three African Series volume in the Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) Papers project. This work includes document from Belgian, Italian, South African, American, Portuguese and French archives which emanated from the extensive surveillance and repression of Garveyite activity by European colonial officials. Also covered are the debates concerning the role of blacks from the Diaspora, including African-American, in the emancipation of Africa from European colonial rule.

203. Lewis R. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):75-8. Abstract: This is a review of the book From Garvey to Marley: Rastafari theology by Noel Erskine.

204. Logan V. The role of the Jamaican Artists and Craftsmen's Guild (JACG) in the art community. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):23-4. Abstract: This article describes the educational, promotional and welfare roles of the Jamaican Artists and Craftman's Guild (JACG).

205. Lombal-Bent M. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):56-7. Abstract: This includes four poems by Marie Lombal-Bent: 1. The voice 2. Grey hairs 3. Walls 4. Circus Act.

206. Lovindeer L. Women in dancehall: a response. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):51-2. Notes: Transcribed and edited by Carolyn Allen, Research Fellow, Institute of Caribbean Studies, UWI, Mona. Abstract: This article explains the use of "slackness" in dancehall music and the differences in the sexual language of the 'ghetto' and ' uptown'.

207. Manley N. Benno Moiseivitch. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):22. Abstract: This is a critique of the artistic talent of Benno Moiseivitch by Norman Manley. He compares his work to Chopin and declares that Moiseivitch "provides the raw material which, wrought on, becomes exquisite miracles of polish, of beauty indifferent to aims... this is superb playing judged on the basis of its own intention".

208. Manley R. Michael Manley ... in memory. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):65. Abstract: Rachel Manley reflects on her father's love and passion for the arts. She not only highlights his enthusiasm for sports and the creative arts but also his insight as a discerning judge/critic.

209. Manley R. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):44. Notes: Three poems by Rachel Manley, 1. NWM 2. Memory 3. Regardless Abstract: The subject of the three poems is primarily her grandfather Norman Washington Manley, depicting different aspects of their relationship and the things they treasure.

210. Marshall EZ. From messenger of the gods to muse of the people: The shifting contexts of Anansi's metamorphosis. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):64-70. Abstract: The aim of the author's research in Jamaica was to answer some questions regarding the popularity and significance of Anansi in Jamaican society and to explore his place in the memory of the Jamaican people. Marshall traces the historical symbolism of the Anansi character in the sacred religion of the Asante in , to the New World where he is identified as a representation of the human condition of enslaved Jamaicans. Given the changing value systems in the society, Anansi's relevance in contemporary Jamaica is also examined as well as the metamorphosis of the culture of Anansi storytelling which the author sees as moving away from the streets and villages of the ordinary folk to the "comfortable spaces of the theatre."

211. McDonald S. Jamaica and the International Seabed Authority: Fifty years after Bretton Woods. 1995; 25(3):23-33. Abstract: The entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - The Montego Bay Convention or UNCLOS - occurred on November 16, 1994, with the opening of the Inaugural Meeting of the International Seabed Authority in Kingston Jamaica. The two main institutions to be created by the Convention are the Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The former to be sited in while the ISA is to be established in Jamaica. This paper addresses the issues involved in the creation of the ISA and particularly, though not exclusively, in the context of the contributions made by Jamaicans.

212. McKenzie E. Philosophy in Jamaican proverbs. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):50-3. Abstract: This article examines some of the philosophical tenets to be found in some Jamaican proverbs. Proverbs are concerned with the nature and existence of reality (metaphysics); the nature of knowledge and the reliability of our claims to it (epistemology). Ethics and aesthetics are all also examined. The author concludes that the study of proverbs "can reveal aspects of our world-view and give insights into the structure of the Jamaican mind."

213. McKenzie Herman I. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):55-7. Abstract: McKenzie reviews a book written by Darell E. Levi on Michael Manley: The Making of a Leader. Levi is an American academic who attended a lecture by Michael Manley at Florida State University in 1983 and was so impressed by Manley's presentation that he decided to write the latter's biography. He was granted interviews and access to Manley's private correspondence for the 1970's and 1980s, given unrestricted access to PNP files, and also introduction to numerous associates. The treatment of the subject is reasonably comprehensive: from Manley's childhood to his period in opposition during the 1980s, with a brief epilogue on his return to power following the 1989 elections.

214. McMorris N. Beauty: The art of Lawrence Rowe. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):20-3. Abstract: The author reminisces on the abilities and achievements of Lawrence Rowe as a batsman of extraordinary talent.

215. McMorris N. Images of Einstein. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):54-9. Notes: The author gives a peak into the nature and personality of Albert Einstein. His scientific achievements are chronicled and the author provides some insights of the legacy of Einstein's theories here in Jamaica and specifically at the University of the West Indies.

216. McNeill A. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):58-9. Abstract: An octet of poems from the ms Summer maid by Anthony McNeil: 1. The West Indian poet/1; 2. The dove of the future/1; 3. The god of night/1; 4. The new poem/1; 5. The Jamaican musician/1; 6. The death of love/2; 7. The ghost's meditation/1; 8. West Indian poet/3.

217. McNeill T. Prose and Poems. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):59-63. Abstract: Tanya's magic kit is taken from the ms of extended prose poems 'Christopher Dillons's Fall Recollection'. Poems from ms 'William, lifted from death by the father of shining, Give thanks anyway': 1. William steps forth from the Temple of Stone through the Father of Shining; 2. William re-dreams his own death amid the white driftwood and 3. Ruth.

218. Mendes J. Coral reefs and coastal pollution. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):70-1. Abstract: This relatively short article looks at the ecological functions of coral reefs and their susceptibility to pollution. It highlights sections of the island where pollution is responsible for certain damaging effects to coral reefs, in particular Half Moon Bay in Hellshire.

219. Miller D, Horst H. Cell phone come like a blessing. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):12-7. Abstract: This article discusses the socioeconomic impact of the cellular phone on the inhabitants of a rural town in Clarendon and a housing scheme in Portmore. The researchers discovered a strong connection between the cell phone and people's religious beliefs.

220. Mills D. Jamaica, the UN and the environment. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):35-43. Abstract: In the fifty years of the existence of the United Nations there have been many great changes in the world: changes in the conditions of peoples and nations and their relationships; in technology, with very far-reaching consequences; in perceptions about the global society which has been emerging and the way in which human beings live on planet Earth. The UN came in to existence in 1945 to address the economic turbulence of the 1920s and 1930s, the conflict of the Second World War and the failure of its predecessor the League of Nations to bring some coherence, discipline and peace to the world. That purpose still stands today, although the UN preoccupations have changed over the past fifty years. This paper gives a historical overview of the role of the UN, its impact in the Caribbean and presents justification for its existence.

221. Mitchell S, Ahmad MH. Protecting our medicinal plant heritage: The making of a new national treasure. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):28-33. Abstract: The authors record 30 common medicinal plants found in the collection of the University of the West Indies. Their traditional and scientific names are recorded as well as their therapeutic value.

222. Mitchell S, Webster S, Ahmad MH. Jamaica's top fruit: Ackee (Blighia sapida). Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):84-9. Abstract: Although there have been previous review articles on ackee, this article includes more recent information and research results on this crop attempting to summarize, in one place, historical and up-to-date knowledge of this tree - for consumers, for processors, for the younger generation and for our visitors. Information is presented under the following headings:- history; what is ackee; agriculture; export trade; fresh and canned ackee; the poisonous nature of ackee; use of ackee as food; ackee and prostate cancer; other uses; natural chemicals; production of elite planting material.

223. Mordecai M. The Junction road: The future of the book in the Information Age. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):15-8. Abstract: This paper examines the importance of the book as the conveyor of culture and discusses the impact of information technology on the publishing and existence of the book in paper format. The author concludes that the real challenges to the existence of books is not technology, but rather the global economy which epitomizes the concept of return on investment, and could lead to the publishing of only those books deemed marketable.

224. Morris M. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):61-2. Abstract: Morris reviews A quality of violence written by Andrew Salkey. This book first appeared in 1959 published by Hutchinson and later as paperback by Four Square Books in 1962. This novel is full of religious imagery and 'among other things, explores the interaction between African and European influences in Jamaican culture.

225. Morris M. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1 - 2):76. Abstract: This is a review of the book, Over the roofs of the world by Olive Senior.

226. Morris M. Dennis Scott: A remembrance. Jamaica Journal 1992; 24(2):53-4. Notes: Delivered at the Little Theatre Sunday, 10 March 1991. Abstract: This remembrance of Dennis Scott highlights his contribution to Jamaican culture. Dennis Scott 1939-1991 was a Caribbean man of considerable achievement: poet, playwright, director, actor, dancer, critic and teacher. He was a master at what he did. He took his work seriously and had a positive impact on people.

227. Morris M. Miss Lou: Some heirs and successors. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):31-4. Abstract: This article highlights the contribution of Louise Bennett-Coverley (Miss Lou) to West Indian literature internationally and locally as well as her influence on various Caribbean writers and, Jamaican dub poets and performers, and compares her work with theirs. In commenting on the legacy she left behind the author states ‘there is no West Indian author, living or dead, more often credited with having cleared the way’. In particular he singles out the work of artists such as Joan Andrea Hutchinson and Amina Blackwood-Meeks concluding that they are ‘distinctly talented writers and precisely effective performers’ who‘have absorbed and, in their differing ways, have begun to extend the creative legacy of Louise Bennett’.

228. Morris M. Printing the performance. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):21-6. Abstract: This article examines the issues that arise in the writing of performance poetry. 229. Morrison A. Making cassava bammy from scratch: An interview with Olive Senior. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):26-31. Abstract: In this interview with celebrated author Olive Senior, the author discussed with her, among other things "her enduring connection to home...the role of creole in her fiction, the importance she attaches to giving voice to 'ordinary people', attitudes to literature in the Caribbean and the 'labour of love' that resulted in the monumental Encyclopedia of Jamaican Heritage (Twin Guinep, 2004)."

230. Morrison E. The Jamaican folklore and natural history video series. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):49. Abstract: This article outlines the contents of a video series released on DVD consisting of six short documentaries highlighting Jamaican flora and fauna and their connection to Jamaican folklore.

231. Morrison E. The Jamaican giant anole (Anolis Garmani). Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3 ):Back cover. Notes: This is an article in the series Glimpses of Jamaica's natural history Abstract: A short exposition on the giant anole, popularly known as the 'green lizard'. It is endemic to Jamaica and can be found in all regions of the island.

232. Moses K. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):73-5. Abstract: This is a review of the book Regional footprints: The travels and travails of early Caribbean migrants, edited by Annette Insanally, Mark Clifford and Sean Sheriff.

233. Mullings E. Wind turbine generator: Keeping pace with technology. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):53-5, 57. Abstract: Munro College, established in 1856 has undoubtedly been at the forefront of the more notable learning institutions in international stalwarts, but it is now contributing in a more tangible manner to the economic development and growth of Jamaica. This status has been earned as a result of the installation of Jamaica's first wind turbine generator nestled beautifully on the northern end of the campus.

234. National Gallery of Jamaica, Cooper C, Van Asbroeck H, Oberli A. Remembering Ras Dizzy, 1932-2008. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):58-63. Notes: These are 4 tributes made to Ras Dizzy, self taught artist. All tributes have been entitled, Remembering Ras Dizzy.

235. National Gallery of Jamaica, Van Ashbroeck H, Boxer D. Milton George, 1939-2008. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):50-3. Notes: These are 3 tributes made to Milton George in the Art's section of this issue: 1. Milton George 1939-2008: Tribute from the National Gallery; 2. An encounter with Milton by Herman Van Ashbroeck; 3. Milton George: A personal memoir by David Boxer.

236. National Gallery of Jamaica. Education Department. Gifts for the Nation: The donations of Aaron and Marjorie Matalon. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):28-36. Abstract: Aaron and Marjorie Matalon turned over to the National Gallery, a collection of art, which in sheer numbers, was equivalent to the collection utilised by the Institute of Jamaica to establish the National Gallery in 1974. Ths extraordinary act of generosity was celebrated by a mammoth exhibition, considerably larger than any exhibition ever staged by the National Gallery. This donation included Printed maps including the first printed map of Jamaica Bordone published in Venice in 1528; 18th and 19th century Jamaican and West Indian prints and paintings; 19th and 20th century photograps and 20th century Jamaican art.

237. Natural C. Be You. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):39.

238. Neil CL. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):56. Abstract: This poem written by Craig L. Neil is entitled, A celebration of the windmill.

239. Nelson B. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):76-8. Notes: A review of the books Flowers of Jamaica by Monica F. Warner and Manual of Dendrology, Jamaica by Tracey Parker.

240. Nettleford R. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):84-5. Abstract: This is a review of the book Mona, past and present: The history and heritage of the Mona Campus, University of the West Indies by Francis Brown, Suzanne

241. Nettleford R. Cecil Baugh 1909 - 2005. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):22-3. Abstract: This is a tribute to the outstanding Jamaican potter, Cecil Baugh.

242. Nettleford R. Celebrating tolerance, peace and understanding: Jamaica's National Dance Theatre Company. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):54-61. Abstract: This article enumerates Jamaica's contribution to different aspects of global peace through the promotion of mutual understanding by cross-cultural interaction between herself and other Member States of the United Nations. It highlights the power of the creative arts to bring about tolerance, peace and understanding in people although not sustained. It showcases the achievements of Jamaicans in music, dance, literature and the impact this has had on world peace, but focuses particularly on the work of National Dance Theatre Company in building cultural bridges not only in the Caribbean and Latin America but globally.

243. Nettleford R. Edna Manley: Sense and sensibility. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):17-22. Abstract: Nettleford pays tribute to Edna Manley on the occasion of the opening of the Edna Manley Galleries at the National Gallery of Jamaica, March 1, 2000.

244. Nettleford R. Fifty years of pantomime 1941-1991. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):2-9. Abstract: One of the genuine traditions of modern Jamaica is the annual Little Theatre Movement Pantomime which has opened on every Boxing Day since 1941. The Jamaican 'panto' though reaching fifty in 1991, boasts an even more ancient pedigree having come from the line of nineteenth century English pantomimes. These in turn are supposed to have descended from Renaissance Italy's commedia del arte which spread to France and to the rest of Europe complete with such stock characters as Harlequin, Pulcinello and Scaramouche. This is a historical description of these annual productions highlighting the writers and artists and the content of their work as well as the influence of the National Dance Theatre Company.

245. Nettleford R. The psychic inheritance: The transatlantic slave trade and slavery. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):6-11. Notes: This is an adaptation of an address delivered by Professor Rex Nettleford on the occasion of the United Nations Observance of the Commemoration of the 200th Anniversary of the Abolition of the Trans-Atlantic Slaver trade at the UN headquarters, New York on 26th March, 2007. Abstract: Author argues among other things that the brutal elements of the slave trade should never be shrouded in silence. To do this is to deny much of humanity the chance to define and determine their own destiny, a destiny which in the historic past, had been "long relegated to stations of humiliation, would-be psychic despair and non personhood." Nettleford lauds the UNESCO Slave Route Project as one that is committed to identifying the cultural and social forces which have prevented a repetition of the obscenities of the past, and denied humanity the memory of it.

246. Nettleford R. Sir Philip Sherlock O.M., C.B.E. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):3-6. Abstract: Remembrance by Prof. the Hon. Rex Nettleford, O.M. Vice Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, Mona, delivered at the University Chapel, December 9, 2000, on the occasion of the funeral of Sir Philip Sherlock who died December 4, 2000.

247. Newell D, Institute of Jamaica. Natural History Division/. Sea turtles. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):Back cover. Notes: Glimpses of Natural History is a series highlighting the flora and fauna of Jamaica. Abstract: This article describes the sea turtle; its habitat; uses and protection. The author notes that the wide use of sea turtles to produce shell craft items and jewellery has led to the development of local legislation for the protection of several species.

248. Niaah SS. Kingston's dancehall spaces. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):14-21. Abstract: This is a discussion of dancehall venues in Kingston. It provides a classification of dance hall venues and discusses the development of Stone Love, a popular Jamaican sound system.

249. O'Callaghan E. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):60-2. Notes: A review of Velma Pollard's Crown Point and Considering Woman

250. O'Gorman P. An eighteenth century Jamaican oratorio: Part 2: the music of Samuel Felsted's Jonah. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):14-5. Abstract: This article gives background information on the origin and popularity of the oratorio in England in the 18th century and presents a musical critique of the oratorio 'Jonah' written by Samuel Felsted in 1770. 251. O' Gorman P. Music: Drumming in Jamaica: Marjorie Whylie's contribution. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):33-6. Abstract: In 1974 when the Jamaica School of Music began to transform itself into an identifiably Jamaican institution, the first person to be engaged as a new full-time member of staff was Marjorie Whylie. She brought with her a unique combination of musical talent, training and education. A trained classical pianist she mastered a wide range of popular styles. She was one of the principal drummers with the NDTC, and one of the first persons to teach the drum systematically as a serious instrument in musical education. This article describes the factors influencing her musical talent; her contribution to the teaching of drumming and in particular her work at the Jamaica School of Music.

252. O'Gorman P. Norman Manley: Music: A Personal Memoir. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(1):18-24. Abstract: This article describes Norman Manley's passionate love for classical music. It explains his love of the "challenge of a new work or the fresh interpretation of an old one" and his insatiable appetite to collect contemporary art music.

253. Otuokon S. National parks: Beating a path for sustainable development. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):14-21. Abstract: The concept of national parks is new to Jamaica. However the first national park in the world Yellowstone, USA was established in 1872 and the second, Royal, Australia in 1879. The concept of setting aside land, protecting it from certain destructive uses and preserving it for other uses beneficial to people is even older than this, as even so-called primitive societies had such sacred sites. This article examines the development of national parks worldwide and in Jamaica. It focuses on the challenges and the way forward.

254. Parrent J. Historic Port Royal and the Palisadoes. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):12-9. Abstract: The town of Port Royal is located on the south coast of Jamaica, across the harbor from Kingston, the capital of Jamaica. During the second half of the seventeenth century, Port Royal was built on the end of a long sand spit at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour. The sand spit connects Port Royal to the mainland and is called the Palisadoes. This article highlights the historic significance and heritage tourism potential of Port Royal and the Palisadoes by drawing attention to the history of the place as well as the many historic sites existing there.

255. Paul A. Voices or echoes: A look at the 1993 annual national exhibition and the state of art in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):37-45.

256. Pennant L. East to West: The Indian presence in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):63. Abstract: This article gives a brief history of the East Indians in Jamaica. The author also discusses the exhibition of artefacts, documents and other ephemera, titled East to West: The Indian presence in Jamaica which opened at the Institute of Jamaica in August 2005. 257. Pereira J. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):74-5. Abstract: A review of the book

258. Pinnock A. Book Reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):107-8. Notes: A review of the book titled Blood, bullets and bodies by Imani Tafari-Ama

259. Pollard V. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):105-7. Notes: A review of the book Shell by Olive Senior

260. Pollard V. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):62-3. Abstract: These three poems are written by Velma Pollard: 1. After Heartease New England; 2. My daughter resembles Harry Belafonte's daughter; 3. a kind of dying

261. Porter ARD, Goffe A. Agate: A Jamaican gemstone. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):14-20. Abstract: Agate is a semi-precious gemstone found worldwide. It is a conspicuously banded variety of the mineral quartz, a naturally occurring compound consisting of two elements, silicon and oxygen, represented by the chemical formula SiO2. Quartz is a very common mineral, found in a wide variety of forms in all the major classes of rocks; igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. Generally speaking agates possess characteristic features which are not difficult to recognize although there may be various structures peculiar to specific areas. This paper examines the structure; occurence; geological background; formation ; discovery in Jamaica and possible commercial utilization.

262. Porter ARD. Fossil wood in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):13-7. Abstract: This careful documented geological history of fossil wood in Jamaica examines its discovery and occurence; current investigations and the possibility of commercial use. In some countries, well preserved specimens of petrified wood, capable of taking an attractive long lasting polish, are important and eagerly sought after for making jewellery and ornaments.

263. Porter ARD. Port Royal: Its geologic heritage. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):35-40. Abstract: The author outlines the geological history of Port Royal and identifies and sources the various imported and local building stones used in the area since 1655 as well as the potential this city has as a foreign exchange earner. He concludes that despite Port Royal being a 'shadow of its former self’, it still has some man made treasures (some intact, others ruined) which, when combined with its geologic setting are a potential tourism goldmine. However until the government and people of Jamaica commit 'to clean up, manage and protect this fragile town, it will not be possible to have it listed as a World Heritage Site’.

264. Porter ARD. A pre-Columbian stone artefact found in Jamaica: A geo-archaeological study. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):49-53. Abstract: This article examines the history and composition of polished celt specimens in Jamaica, and in particular the presence of polished greenstones. The author examines the possibility of the natural existence of jade in Jamaica but concludes that no known sources have yet been discovered. The author makes recommendations for future studies with regard to testing techniques.

265. Poupeye-Rammelaere V. Garveyism and Garvey iconography. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):9-21`. Abstract: In a 1987 opinion poll conducted by Carl Stone, Marcus Mosiah Garvey was rated as Jamaica's most popular National Hero [Gleaner 8.7 87]. The Marcus Garvey Centenary celebrations probably contributed to these results. Even without his National Hero status or the activities of the Centenary, Garvey would undoubtedly be one of the country's most popular and influential historical personalities, however controversial. Garvey's popularity and the direct and indirect impact of his philosophy are reflected in Jamaican art. Portraits of Garvey and Garveyite symbols form a substantial part of the Jamaican popular and official commemorative iconography and can be found on city walls, on coins, and postage stamps as well as in the paintings and sculpture of some of Jamaica's best known artists. Garvey has been described as an art lover and collector and as someone who clearly understood the importance of cultural achievement as part of the foundation of a people's identity. Furthermore, few Jamaican artists will deny the fundamental importance of the Garveyite philosophy and black consciousness in general for the Jamaican art movement. Several recent publications have explored the cultural aspects of Garveyism, but none of them has looked specifically at its influence on the Jamaican visual arts.

266. Poupeye-Rammelaere V. Garveyism and Garvey iconography in the visual arts of Jamaica. Journal Jamaica 1992; 24(2):24-33. Abstract: In his definitive essay. 'Jamaican Art 1922-82', David Boxer wrote: 'When we refer to Jamaican Art, the Jamaican Art Movement, or the Jamaican School, we speak essentially of the art that had developed as an integral part of the nationalist, anti-colonial consciousness underlying the cultural and intellectual life of the island since the 1920s'. Since Garvey contributed substantially to the development of this consciousness, there can be no doubt that Garveyism has contributed, at least indirectly, to the development of the Jamaican Art Movement, an assumption confirmed by the first part of this article which appeared in the Jamaica Journal 24:1. A number of Jamaican artists explicitly acknowledged Garvey's direct influence on their beliefs and art. This final section presents an overview of the impact of Garveyism on Jamaican art and at the same time touches on some of the most striking examples.

267. Poupeye V. Liminal spaces: Laura Facey's The everything doors (2006). Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):72-9. Abstract: The author discusses an exhibition by artist Laura Facey titled The everything doors: drawings in wood which was mounted at the National Gallery in October 2006. She describes the exhibition overall as "one which made an unusually cohesive statement conceptually and visually as an exhibition that transcended the individual works presented in it and reflected her commitment to personal and communal healing, renewal and spiritual transcendence." 268. Poupeye V. A monument in the public sphere. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):36-48. Abstract: The article dissects the issues involved in the controversy and debate that ensued around the monument that was created for the Emancipation Park in New Kingston. The debate which was conducted in the print and electronic media concerned the monument titled "Redemption Song" which was sculpted by Laura Facey.

269. Poupeye V. Redefining Jamaican art. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):37-47. Abstract: The author critiques the 1997 Annual National Exhibition and comments that "... the older, more traditionalist artists were virtually absent- although most of those who are still active had been invited- and the exhibition was dominated by artists such as Milton George, Petrona Morrison, Charles Campbell, David Boxer, Helen Elliot, and Nicholas Morris, whose work departs in various ways formally and thematically, from the conventions of Jamaican art. Because of the absences, the exhibition was not entirely representative of current artistic production in Jamaica but what was on view seemed to challenge the notion of a recognizably Jamaican school."

270. Rappaport H. The lost portrait. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):38-41. Abstract: The author recounts her experience in finding a "lost" portrait of Mary Seacole.

271. Rashford J. Africa's baobab tree in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):51-8. Notes: Includes photographs and maps. Abstract: The baobab is rare in Jamaica. Though introduced some two hundred years ago, it remains unknown to most Jamaicans (Adams 1972, Powell 1972). The purpose of this paper is to document the history and its cultural importance in Jamaica. This article also includes a map of Jamaica's baobabs, photographs of these trees identified since 1987, six drawings showing the variation in the size and shape of the fruits from the only two bearing trees, and a table that brings together information for all known baobabs in the island with details of their status, size, flowering fruiting and use.

272. Rashford J. Arawak, Spanish and African contributions to Jamaica's settlement vegetation. Jamaica Journal 1993; 24(3):17-23. Abstract: The national motto of Jamaica Out of Many, One People, is a recognition of the diverse geographical and cultural origins of Jamaicans. This recognition however is not extended to include the great variety of useful plants upon which the people of Jamaica now depend. Yet, like the people, most of the important species commonly associated with the human environment also have diverse geographical and cultural origins and are now established as 'one' in the form of Jamaica's settlement vegetation. The different plant communities of vines, herbs, shrubs and trees that make up much of Jamaica's vegetation today are the result of human settlement and the activities associated with it. These plant communities are the ones with which people are in regular contact and upon which they depend for their domestic, economic, recreational and religious life. In addition to Native American influence, Jamaica's settlement vegetation is the outcome of the island's position in the post-Colombian world, the development of which has been based, in part, on the worldwide dispersal of useful plants. This paper focuses on the Arawak, Spanish, and African contributions to Jamaica's settlement vegetation up to 1655 when the British captured the island.

273. Rashford J. The star apple: Symbol of meanness in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):49-53. Abstract: The star apple tree (Chrysophyllum cainito) has long been a symbol of deceit in Jamaica. This belief is expressed in proverbs and at least three variations have been reported: Woman deceitful like star apple leaf [Rampini 1873, 145; Cundall and Anderson 1972, 118], Woman two-face like a star apple leaf [Beckwith 1970, 124] and Man two-face like star apple [Cundall and Anderson 118]. To any Jamaican, the reason for the tree's association with deceit is obvious. Star apple leaves are of two colours - glossy green on top and gold underneath. When people are compared to them, the suggestion is that they are not as they seem; they differ on the inside from their outward appearance.

274. Reckord M. The cleaning class. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):96-7.

275. Reid A. Abolition watch: Jamaican port cities. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):18-22. Abstract: This article provides important information on the ports of arrival in Jamaica during slavery, the number of enslaved Africans who disembarked at these ports, the names of the ships that transported the enslaved and the mortality rates on some of these slavers.

276. Reid TS. Poems. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):73. Abstract: These are four poems by Tyrone Reid: 1. Viola; 2. Annie Palmer's last soliloquy; 3. Going to the movies; 4. To the shrink at Bellevue who insists I am bipolar

277. Reynolds CR. Hope Gardens: Natural beauty. Jamaica Journal 2000; 27(1):52-4. Abstract: The author relates the history of Hope Gardens and reminisces on the 'glory days' of the Gardens where it is described as "a place near to the biblical Garden of Eden".

278. Robertson G. A 17th century depiction of African dress in Gold Coast. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):21-4. Notes: Includes notes and illus. Abstract: These notes compiled by Glory Robertson as well as illustrations of the dress of Africans in the Gold Coast (Ghana) are taken from Jean Barbot's, Description of the Coasts of North and South-Guinea and of Ethiopia Inferior, vulgarly : being a New and Accurate Account of the Western Maritime Countries of Africa, published in London in 1732. In the text Barbot also gave a detailed description of the clothes worn by various classes of Gold Coast Africans

279. Robertson-Hickling H. Turning history upside down: how Jamaicans colonised England in reverse. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30 (1-2):17-9. Abstract: The author discusses the migratory experience of Jamaicans to England from the 1940s onwards, the challenges of racism that they faced as well as their contribution to British popular culture.

280. Robertson J. As the John Crow flies: A preliminary survey of aerial images of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):44-53. Abstract: "This article surveys some of the extensive accumulation of photographs held in Jamaica, discusses why they were made and offers some initial suggestions on how archaeologists and historians may draw on the resulting sequence of images."

281. Robertson J. The first of August ,1838, never to be forgotten through all generations: Recalling emancipation in Spanish Town. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):44-52. Abstract: Autor recalls the ceremonial events of Emancipation day, August 1, 1838 in Spanish Town. The implications for the social and economic changes for the ex-slaves society in the months and years following end of apprenticeship are also discussed . Subsequent commemorative efforts to mark the end of slavery in the decades following emancipation did not receive the support of the plantocracy and political elite.

282. Robertson SJ. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):78-9.

283. Robinson K. New art galleries. Jamaica Journal 1991; 24(1):38-47. Abstract: The Kingston art scene has been enlivened in the past two years or so by an unexpected development: the opening of eight new galleries. The first in 1989 was Babylon Gallery, followed by the gallery extension at Patoo, Gallery Pegasus, The Palette, Chelsea Galleries and The Art Gallery.

284. Royes H. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):67. Abstract: The title of the three poems written by Heather Royes are:1. Theophilus Jones walks naked down King Street 2. Me and my Self-flagellation Committee and 3. I no longer read poetry.

285. Ruddock LC. Season of workers time: Reflections on the 1970s Sugar Workers Cooperatives in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):2-9. Abstract: The actual date when sugar was introduced to Jamaica is uncertain. However what is certain is that it played a pivotal role in the socioeconomic development and political history of the island. The importance of sugar to Jamaica is clearly demonstrated by the fact that in addition to being Jamaica's greatest employer of labour for four centuries, and the principal foreign exchange earner and contributor to national income for most of the time, the sugar industry was intimately involved in every decisive stage of Jamaican history and development. The Maroon War, Sam Sharpe's Christian Rebellion, the Abolition of Slavery, the Morant Bay Rebellion and the 1938 riots are all important landmarks in Jamaica's history, had their roots deep in the sugar plantations across the island.

286. Scott NAT. 1992 The Annual National Exhibition: National Gallery of Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 1993; 25(01):45-53. Abstract: This article focuses on the exhibition of seventy five artists who displayed their work at the 1992 Annual Exhibition at the National Gallery. Forty two of these artists had been invited to participate in the exhibition while the others were chosen by a panel of qualified selectors based on the wok they submitted. The variety of works presented were from artists that could be classified as 'mainstream (trained) and intuitive (self-taught),' and covered a wide number of art forms. The works depicted a wide variety of themes, 'ranging from wide social issues through to introspective examination'. However the overall exhibition was noted for two dominant themes from the history and culture of Jamaica: the recognition of Columbus's first voyage to the Caribbean and the archaeological find of valuable Taino sculptures in a cave in St Ann.

287. Seaga E. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):74-6. Abstract: The author reviews the book Sound clash: Jamaican dancehall culture at large ed. by Carolyn Cooper

288. Seaga E. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):75-7. Abstract: A review of the book Deported by Bernard Headley.

289. Seaga E. The origins of Jamaican popular music. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):8-14. Abstract: This article traces the development of Jamaican music "in the sequence of the emergence of its rhythms and styles: rhythm and blues (R&B)/pre-ska, ska, rock steady, reggae, and dub/deejay/dancehall."

290. Senior CH. Asiatic cholera in Jamaica (1850-1855): Part 1. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):24-33. Abstract: The modern history of the Asiatic cholera began in 1817 and reached the shores of Jamaica in the 1850s. This article is essentially a narrative description of the progress of this epidemic. It examines its causes and infection and the reasons for its spread in Jamaica. It looks at the measures taken by the authorities to meet its challenges.

291. Senior CH. Asiatic cholera in Jamaica (1850-1855): Part 2. Jamaica Journal 1997; 26(2):25-42. Abstract: In Part 2 of this article the writer examines the response of the Legislature and the Colonial Office in London in the 1850-1851 and the report written by Dr. Milroy to Sir Charles Grey, March 31, 1851. The author discusses Milroy's submission to the Assembly in which he described the cause of cholera in general as well as local island circumstances and pointed to the need for a comprehensive scheme of sanitary and health reform.

292. Senior O. Mad fish. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):68-71. Abstract: This is a short story written by Senior about a village and how a boy in the village named Radio with a speech impediment, got his speech corrected as if by a miracle when fishermen caught a large “’mad’ or ‘mud’ fish”. This fish acted very strange, stayed alive a long time out of water, could wine and dance like a dancehall queen and had an impact on the people in the village in a variety of ways.

293. Shepherd V. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):84. Notes: The earliest inhabitants: The dynamics of the Jamaican Taino by Lesley-Gail Atkinson was reviewed by Verene Shepherd. This review was adapted from an address given at a book launch on 22 May 2007.

294. Shepherd V. Jamaica and the debate over reparation for slavery: An overview. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):24-30. Abstract: In this article, the author discusses the longstanding "nature of the struggle of the people in Jamaica, and in the African diaspora more broadly, for redress on account of the injustices of conquest, colonization, genocide against the indigenous peoples, the Maafa, indentureship and the perpetuation into the postcolonial and post-independence periods of the mentalities of slavery."

295. Shepherd V. The monument as public archive: From text to public space. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):34-8. Abstract: The Jamaica National Heritage Trust (JNHT) starting from the standpoint that the tangible sites of memory that have been showcased traditionally, continue the silencing of the voices of many of our ancestors, took up the challenge in 2004, at the height of the Haitian Bicentenary, to construct more people-centred monuments freedom monuments to satisfy the need to memorialize the trauma of slavery as it affected the rank and file. It is against the background that ‘every monument has a narrative’ that the author summarizes the rationale for the freedom monuments in this article.

296. Shepherd V, Reid A. An overview of the transatlantic trade in Africans and its abolition. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):12-7. Abstract: This paper examines the structure of the trade in terms of the number of Africans that were supplied from the various regions of Africa (Senegambia region to the West-central Africa) as well as the gender structure of the trade. The opposition to the trade from black, white and female activists in England is also discussed. The Slave Trade Abolition Bill was eventually passed in March of 1807 but the authors note that this did not result in the immediate abolition of the trade in Africans illegal activity continued the trade in humans long after the bill was passed.

297. Shepherd V, Reid A. Rebel voices: Testimonies from 1831-32, emancipation wars in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):54-63. Abstract: The authors acknowledge that several historians have previously presented detailed studies of the causes; course and consequences of the 1831-32 emancipation war in Jamaica, but these have only been presented in summaries. Therefore their main rationale for this article is to present the ‘the entire testimonies and trial evidence available in order to hear from the rebels and other participants themselves, thus giving readers a source that can supplement the edited accounts of historians’. This is the first of a series of articles that the authors hope will give exposure to some unfamiliar voices of the rebellion - the unsung heroes who assisted Sam Sharpe in the planning and execution of the rebellion.

298. Shepherd VA. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):108-. Notes: A review of the book titled Pieces of the past: A stroll down Jamaica's memory lane by Rebecca Tortello

299. Shepherd VA. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):78-80. Notes: This is a review of James Robertson's Gone is the ancient glory: Spanish Town Jamaica, 1534-2000 by Verene Shepherd. This was adapted from an address given at the book launch on 3 November 2005.

300. Shepherd VA. Monuments, memorialization and decolonization in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2005-2006; 29(3):34-43. Abstract: This paper discusses the attempts by Caribbean peoples to resurrect the anti-slavery and anti-colonial struggles of the Caribbean people on the post colonial landscape, through the creation of monuments and memorials mainly to the heroes of these struggles. The author suggests that there is a strong view that the unsung heroes, the ordinary rank and file of these liberation struggles have been largely unrepresented among the memorials in Jamaica and makes a strong case for the construction of war memorials in Jamaica to iconize these unsung heroes and heroines of the past, thereby "reversing their characterization in the archival records as criminal elements."

301. Shepherd VA. "To be hanged by the neck until he be dead": The King against Samuel Sharpe, April 1832. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):54-9. Abstract: This article presents nine testimonies of slaves who were called upon to give evidence at the trial of Samuel Sharpe, leader of the 1831-1832 Emancipation War in Jamaica.

302. Shepherd VA, Reid A. Rebel voices: Confessions, testimonies and trial transcripts from the 1831-32 emancipation war in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):59-64. Notes: Continued in next issue Abstract: Article contains "largely unedited depositions, testimonies and confessions of fifteen enslaved men ....who witnessed or participated in the 1831-32 [emancipation] war."

303. Simpson GE. Some reflections on the Rastafari Movement in Jamaica: West Kingston in the early 1950s. Jamaica Journal 1994; 25(2):3-10. Abstract: The Rastafari Movement has undergone, considerable change in the ideology, cultural symbols, and social organization since its inception in the early 1930s. In the broadest sense it has undergone a transformation from a form of peasant resistance to a varying type of international activity. Even in terms of its geographic and social distribution in the Jamaican context, Rastafari has changed extensively in the intervening years. Not only has it penetrated nearly every level of society, but it has gone from a movement, based around a few loosely-knit groups - principally in West Kingston- to an islandwide network of yards and communes whose members celebrate a number of annual events. The Movement has had an enormous impact on Jamaican popular culture and music. This paper looks historically at the growth and development of the Movement , the factors motivating it and the attitude of Jamaicans towards it.

304. Smith HF. Poems. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):56. Abstract: A poem by Honor Ford Smith: The thief.

305. Tanna L. Book reviews. 2001; 28(1):28. Abstract: A review of the book titled Rock it come over: The folk music of Jamaica by Olive Lewin.

306. Tanna L. The honourable Cecil Baugh, OJ, aboard the SS Empire Windrush. 2006; 30(1-2):14-5.

307. Tate G. Downtown Kingston: A legacy worth preserving. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(3):20-5. Abstract: The author states that ‘downtown is the only place in Jamaica that is representative of all facets of Jamaican history and culture. It resonates a dynamism and life all of its own and commands a place in our history that is unique. The legacy of downtown Kingston must be treasured, protected, preserved and promulgated’. He therefore makes a very strong case for the restoration and preservation of downtown Kingston as a cultural and tourism centre. He sets about outlining the history of the city, the established buildings and activities that characterize the heart of the capital; the importance of, and the efforts made so far to restore it so as not to lose its ‘uniqueness in the heat of development and good intentions’.

308. Thomas CR. The Caribbean in the Organization of American States: On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the organization. Jamaica Journal 1998; 26(3):27-9. Notes: Presentation given by the Assistant Secretary General of the Organization of American States, Christopher R. Thomas, to the Institute of International Relations in Trinidad October 1997. Abstract: This paper discusses the impact of the English speaking Caribbean countries on the Organization of the American States (OAS) during the period of their membership. Caribbean membership of the OAS dates from the latter part of the nineteen-sixties. Trinidad and Tobago was first in 1967, followed in the same year, Jamaica in 1969, and others joined after they achieved political independence. The entry of English speaking states of the Caribbean into the OAS changed the composition of the membership which had previously been comprised of Spanish speaking member states of the hemisphere, Brazil, Haiti and the USA. Since Caribbean states did not join the Organization as a group; given the established character of the Organisation; and the development of the Caribbean Free Trade Agreement (CARIFTA), their impact was more gradual and progressive than immediate. However due to the changing circumstances of the region, the Caribbean is providing leadership within the Organization on the important question of structured economic advancement, entrenchment of human rights, regional trade integration and hemispheric security and in circumstances which point to review and revision of the basic instruments of the Organization. 309. Tortello R. Mouth open, story jump out: A survey of Jamaican children's books. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):70. Abstract: This article discusses the importance of children's literature and chronicles the development of this genre in Jamaica.

310. Tortello R. Some recently published children's books. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):71. Abstract: This is a review of the books : Jojo's treasure hunt by Cherrell Shelley-Robinson; Every little thing will be all right by Diane Browne; Anancy and friends by Beulah Richmond

311. Ventura A. Scientific knowledge the way to peace. Jamaica Journal 1990; 23(1):58-61.

312. Wade B. The environmental imperative in Jamaican Development: Global perspectives and local challenges. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):7-13. Abstract: One of the outcomes of the Rio Conference was the convening in May 1994 of a conference in Barbados to deal with the problems of Small Island Developing States. This conference identified the particularly fragile nature of island ecosystems and explored in depth the economic consequences of their disruption or destruction. The considerations were far-reaching and the conclusion frightening that several Small Island States face enormous development threats with the distinct possibility of environmental and economic collapse. As a result of these painful realities, the developing world has been searching for new models of development which are more in keeping with the need to utilize their natural resources while not reducing or destroying future options for use. In this regard, the concept of sustainable development, newly discovered by the economist but long regarded by ecologists through theories of sustainable yield has found increasing favour. This article indicates a need for sustainable development in Jamaica as in other parts of the world, and examines the challenges in addressing this.

313. Wainwright L. Art and inclusion at Jamaica's National Gallery: The 2004 national biennial. Jamaica Journal 2005; 29(1-2):18-25. Abstract: The author discusses the National Biennial 2004 art show which ran at the National Gallery in Kingston Jamaica, from 12 December 2004 to 29 March 2005. He critiques the works on display by many artists and describes the event as the proudest, most vibrant art show of the winter 2004-5 in the Anglophone Caribbean.

314. Waldemar P. Digital art. Jamaica Journal 2001; 28(1):29-30. Abstract: Noted Jamaican artist Patrick Waldemar shares of the of his collection [of digital art] and the method of execution.

315. Walker HS. Jamaica and the United Nations 1962-1995. Jamaica Journal 1995; 25(3):2-9. Abstract: One of the remarkable features of the United Nations is that all members, rich or poor, powerful or weak, are given a chance to influence international affairs. Member states, regardless of their political, economic or social systems, can bring to the United Nations issues of concern which they believe warrant the attention of the international community. Jamaica is one such contributing member state. This article is a history of the relationship between Jamaica and the United Nations between 1962 and 1995.

316. Warner GF. Black corals in Jamaica. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):41-4. Abstract: This article defines, classifies and explains the biology of corals, in particular the black corals of Jamaica. It makes the point that ‘unlike stony corals and gorgonians, black coral skeleton is sufficiently hard and dense to take a high polish… branches that are thick enough can be shaped carved and polished into jewellery and ornaments’ and therefore is a ‘precious coral’. The author concludes that there are more species of corals to be described and named, and that the basic biology of black corals is also poorly known. He states that ‘we need to understand their reproduction, growth rate and ecology in order to adequately conserve them’. He noted however that research on black corals is currently being carried out in Jamaica from the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, University of the West Indies.

317. Warner-Lewis M. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 2006; 30(1-2):77-8. Abstract: A review of the book Songs of silence by Curdella Forbes.

318. Warner-Lewis M. 's unusual transatlantic odyssey. Jamaica Journal 2008; 31(1-2):32-43. Abstract: The life story of Catherine Mulgrave is recounted in this article. Using the testimony of her second husband, , the author 'fleshes out' the details of her childhood in Africa, the social and economic conditions of the society into which she was born., her ancestry, as well as the events surrounding her abduction from her native village in Africa by soldiers on board a Portuguese schooner. The eventful details of the voyage to the West Indies and eventual shipwreck of the schooner which landed her on the shores of Jamaica are fully discussed. Her life in Jamaica saw her coming under the care of the Governor and his wife who were responsible for her education and vocation as a school mistress. She married a Jamaican , and became a missionary herself traveling to Africa with her first husband. Her second marriage to a German missionary, led to her eventually traveling to Europe. She returned to Africa in 1877and died in 1891.

319. Warner-Lewis M. Jamaica's Central African Heritage. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):24-35. Abstract: This article examines the cultural influence of West Central Africa through slavery on the religion, music dance, vocabulary and idiom, place names, food culture and basketry on present day Jamaica.

320. Warner M. Duppy plants revisited. Jamaica Journal 2004; 27(2-3):45-7. Abstract: This is a short illustrated tour to explore eight members of a group of plants given the designation ‘duppy’, said to be mischievous ghosts or spirits of the dead. The author provides an explanation as to why these plants are so named and concludes that these eight species "constitute about half the pool of remembered ‘duppy’ plants," in Jamaica.

321. Winkler A. Closet drama. Jamaica Journal 2007; 30(3):70-2. Abstract: Dr. Ashley Cooperton arrives at a Modern Language Association conference in St. Louis when he sees someone whom he has hated and loved for as long as he could remember.

322. Winkler A. A Jamaican fruitcake. Jamaica Journal 2004; 28(2-3):73-5. Notes: Short story about a man named Everton who came to believe that sole purpose of his life was to lend a book to another human being

323. Worthington EB. Conservation and ecology. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):59-61. Notes: This article first appeared in volume 4 issue 4 December 1970 of Jamaica Journal. Abstract: In July, 1970, a Caribbean Cultural and Conservation Conference was held in Jamaica. The noted British conservationist, Dr E. Barton Worthington, gave the keynote address on environmental issues. After more than a quarter of a century, his message is meaningful for Jamaica and the Caribbean. This article is the text of his presentation.

324. Wright R. Book reviews. Jamaica Journal 1996; 26(1):50. Notes: Book reviews of Environment and Development in the Caribbean: Geographical Perspective edited by David Barker and David McGregor published by UWI Press, 1995 and Economic Policy and the Environment: The Caribbean Experience edited by Mark Griffith and Bishnodat Persaud published by Centre for Environment and Development (UWICED) UWI, 1990. Abstract: Environmental concerns is a review of two books that discuss environmental issues. While the authors of Environment and Development in the Caribbean: Geographical Perspective present insights into some of the environmental issues facing the Caribbean, Economic Policy and the Environment: The Caribbean Experience examines "many of the relevant approaches to evaluating environment costs and benefits, and indicate some fiscal policies that will ensure 'greening' in tandem with growth".

Keywords

Aarons, George A. 50

Aarons, John 51

Abrams, Carl 1911 - 2005 4

Ackee 222

Actors 226

Aerial photography 280

African retentions - See Jamaica-Civilization-African influences 319

Agates 261

Agorsah, Kofi 52

Ahmad, Mohammed H. 221, 222

Aiken, Karl 53

Alexander, Philip 54, 55

Allswoth-Jones, Philip 56

Altamont DaCosta Institute 1

Anansi (Legendary character) 210

Anderson, Kay 57

Animals 230

Aquatic parks and reserves - Management 98

Arawaks - See Taino Indians 43, 99

Archaeological site location 62

Archeology 52

Archer, Petrine 58

Archer-Straw, Petrine 59, 60

Architecture - Georgian 83

Armstrong, Douglas V 61

Art 16, 199, 265

Art criticism 269

Art galleries - Commercial 283

Art, Jamaican 59, 234

Art, Jamaican - Exhibitions 29, 57, 107, 140, 141, 153, 255, 267, 269, 286, 313

Art -Private collections-Exhibitions 236

Artifacts 34, 108

Artists 4, 57, 78, 80, 131, 235, 266, 267, 286, 313

Arts 242

Athletes 91

Atkinson, Lesley-Gail 62, 293

Augier, Roy 7

Authors, Jamaican 110, 124, 182

Automobile driving 148

Aviation 147

Awards 5, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 26

Baker, Akil 63

Baobab 271

Barker, David 324

Barnett, L. M. H. 65

Batson-Savage, Tanya 66

Baugh, Cecil, 1908 - 2005 40, 241, 306

Baugh, Edward 67, 68, 69, 70

Beetles 167

Belisario, Isaac Mendes 1795-1849 - Exhibitions 58

Bellarmine Bottle 18

Bengry, Phillip 71

Bennett-Coverley, Louise 7, 227

Bensen, Robert 72

Bent, Siran Mitchell 73

Bernal, Margaret Record 74

Bernal, Richard L. 75

Biodiversity 126

Biodiversity-Conservation 122

Birds - Conservation 151

Bishop, Jacqueline 76, 118

Black corals 316

Blacks - Reparations 294

Blackwood-Meeks, Amina 227

Blake, Vivian 77

Bloomfield-Ambrose, Valerie 8

Bogle, Paul 62

Books 223

Books - Reviews 56, 64, 67, 68, 84, 86, 87, 94, 105, 113, 116, 118, 119, 132, 138, 146, 155, 156, 159, 185, 186, 200, 201, 202, 203, 213, 224, 225, 232, 239, 240, 249, 257, 258, 259, 282, 287, 288, 293, 298, 299, 305, 310, 317, 324

Bottles 18

Boxer, David 78, 79, 80, 235

Bridges 39, 128

Brodber, Ena 81

Brown, David 82, 83

Brown, G. Arthur 45

Brown, Richard 48

Brown, Wayne 84

Browne, Diane 310

Bryan, Patricia 85

Bryan, Patrick 86, 87

Buccaneers-History 194

Buckley, David 88

Businessmen 100

Byles, Gill 89

Cadien, Eric - Interviews 131

Caiden, Eric 1954 - 1994 78

Calabash 2

Canada-Jamaica Green Fund Project 44

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) 44

Cargill, Morris 90

Caribbean, English speaking - Foreign economic relations 308

Caribbean Free Trade Agreement 308

Carnegie, Jimmy 91

Cassidy, Fred 1907 - 2000 96

Caterpillars 177

Caves - Jamaica - Surveying 125

Cellular telephones-Social aspects 219

Cezair-Thompson, Margaret 146

Chambers, Donnette 92

Chambers, Eddie - Interviews 140

Chemists 24

Chen, Margaret 255

Chevannes, Barry 94, 95

Children's literature 309

Chin, Staceyann 189

Chinese - Jamaica - History 93

Cholera-Jamaica-History-19th century 290, 291

Christie, Pauline 96

Clarke, Simon 97

Classical music 252

Clayton, Anthony 98

Clerk, Astley 99

Clifford, Mark 232

Clothing and dress - Ghana - 18th century 278

Cocoa 6

Coffin, James 100

Coleman, Ronald A 101

Constant, Dennis 102

Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970) 139

Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (2001). 139

Cooper, Carolyn 103, 104, 234, 287

Cooperatives, worker 285

Copyright - Art 111

Coral reef management 98

Coral reefs and islands 218

Corals 316

Coulon, Shiela 105

Cresser, Julian 106

Cresswell, Peter 107

Cricket 106, 141

Cricket-West Indies 143

Cricketers 183, 214

Crime 149

Crocodiles 170

Cultural exchanges 242

Cultural property 154

Culture 32

Curtin, Marguerite 108

D'Costa, Jean 109, 110

DaCosta, Altamont 1

Daley, Dianne A. 111

Damselflies 166

Dancehall 248

Dancehall music 66, 103, 104, 206, 289

Dancehall venues 248

Davies, Omar 112

Dawes, Kwame 113 de Juan, Adelaida 114

Decolonization 300

Deforestation 122

Deportees 288

Diabetes Mellitus 115

Digital art 314

Donovan, Stephen K. 116, 117

Down, Lorna 118

Dragonflies 166

Drax Hall Plantation site (Jamaica) 61

Dress 278

Drug abuse 6

Drummers (Musicians) 251

Dub (Music) 191, 289

Dub Poetry 184

Dub poets 41, 152

Ducks 151

Dujon, Jeffrey 183

Dunkley, John 57, 107

Earthquakes 38

East Indians-Jamaica-Exhibitions 256

Ecology 323

Economic development 312

Edwards, Norval 119

Einstein, Albert 215

Ellis, Garfield 120

Emigration and Immigration 232

Emmigration and immigration - Social aspects 279

Endemic animals 134, 171, 231

Endemic birds 134

Endemic plants 168, 174

Environment 15, 196, 323

Environment - Caribbean area 324

Environmental policy 28

Erskine, Noel 203

Excavations (Archaeology) 61

Exhibitions 19, 34, 38, 47, 85

Eyre, Alan 121

Facey, Laura 267, 268

Falmouth, Jamaica 186

Farr, Thomas 123, 169

Fauna 167

Federation - See West Indies (Federation) 150

Felsted, Samuel 250

Fiction 224

Figueroa, Esther 124

Finance - Jamaica 45

The Fire This Time (TFTT) 191

Fisher, Elaine 123, 126

Flora 168, 179, 230, 320

Folk medicine - See Traditional medicine 221

Folk music 22, 197

Folklore 230

Forbes, Curdella 317

Forrest Reserves 174

Fossil wood 262

Fossils 117

Foster, Maurice 183

Francis Brown, Suzanne 127, 128

Fraser-Reid, Bertram 24

The Frats Quintet 49

Funeral rites and ceremonies 11

Fungi 172

Furniture-Exhibitions 21

Gambrill, Anthony 194

Ganja - See Marijuana 6

Gardens 277

Garvey, Marcus, 1887 - 1940 145, 200

Garvey, Marcus 1887-1940 - Iconography 265, 266

Garvey, Marcus 1887-1940 - Influence 266

Garvey, Marcus, 1887-1940 - Manuscripts 202

Gauntlett, Delores 129

Gaviria, Cesar 130

Gayle, Christopher 183

Gemstones 261

Geology 56, 116

George, Milton, 1939-2008 235

Gibraltar Camp (Jamaica) 127

Gifts 236

Girling, Chalyn 131

Gobies - See Gobiidae 53

Gobiidae 53

Goffe A. 261

Goffe, Alfred Constantine - Trials, litigations etc. 133

Goffe, Leslie Gordon 133

Goodbody, Ivan 134, 135

Goodison, Lorna 67, 68, 136

Gordon- Smith, O'Neil 'Collie' 183

Goucher, Candice L. 137

Gourds 2

Graham, George 138

Grant, Lisa 139

Gray, Obika 201

Greenland, Jonathan 140, 141

Greeting cards 16

Gregg, Veronica Marie 142

Griffith, Mark 324

Guilds 204

Gutzmore, Cecil 143, 144

Hakka (Chinese people) - Jamaica - History 93

Haley, Michael 98

Hamilton, Beverley 145

Hanna, Mary 146

Hanna, W. J. 147, 148

Harding, Oswald 138

Harriott, Anthony 149

Hart, Richard 23, 150

Headley, Bernard 288

Headley, George 183

Hearne, Shivaun 152

Hendriks, Anna Maria 153

Henriques, Ainsley 154

Henry, Balford 155, 156

Heritage sites 37, 154

Heritage sites, Historic 9, 30, 36

Heritage tourism 37, 73, 254, 307

Hickling, Frederick W 157

Highland Castle Chapel 62

Higman, B.W. 158

Hill, Robert 33, 202

Hinds, Allister 159

Historic Buildings 10, 82, 83, 240

Historic sites 39, 88, 240, 263

Holding, Michael 183

Hope Botanical Gardens 277

Horst, Heather 160, 219

Hotelkeepers 100

Hudson, Brian J. 161

Hussey, Dermot 162

Hutchinson, Joan Andrea 227

Hutton, Clinton 163

Iguans (genus) 171

Immigration - See Emigration and Immigration 232

Indigenous peoples-Jamaica-Political activity 191

Indigenous Resistance, Indigenous Reality(IR-IR) 191

Ingledew, John 165

Ingram, K.E 64

Insanally, Annette 232

Institute of Jamaica 95

Institute of Jamaica - Awards 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 26, 41

Institute of Jamaica - Exhibitions 19, 38

Institute of Jamaica, Natural History Division 15, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 247

Institute of Jamaica - Programs 14, 17

International Convention on Biodiversity 126

International relations 75

International Seabed Authority 211

Iron and steel bridges 39, 128

Iron smelting 137

Issa, Richard 180

Jackson, Celia 181

Jade 264

Jamaica - Antiquities 108

Jamaica-Art-African influences 59

Jamaica - Bibliographies 64

Jamaica - Civilization -African influences 94, 319

Jamaica Cultural Development Commission 32

Jamaica - Description and travel 161

Jamaica - Encyclopedias 158

Jamaica - Fiction 81, 124

Jamaica - History - Morant Bay Rebellion, 1865 163, 164

Jamaica Journal 15

Jamaica National Environmental Action Plan 28

Jamaica National Heritage Trust 9, 36, 154

Jamaica - Politics & government 201, 213

Jamaica - Religion 203

Jamaica- Religion-African influences 319

Jamaica Sea Turtle Recovery Network 151

Jamaican art 266, 269

Jamaican diaspora 60

Jamaican proverbs 212

Jamaicans - Great Britain 60

Jamaicans in art 265, 266

James, Winston 182

Johnson, Anthony 183

Johnson, Linton Kwesi 41, 184

Jones, Denins 185

Jones, Dennis 186

Jones, Ken 187

Josephs, Aleric J. 188

Josephs, Kelly Baker 189

Junior Center (Kingston, Jamaica) 17

Kerr, Rhema 190

Kingston 307

Kiple, Kenneth 159

Klobah, Loretta Collins 191

Kumina 319

Lady Saw 103

Lalor, Gerald 7, 192

Lamming, George 7

Leach, Sharon 193

Lead poisoning in children 192

Lennard, John 194

Levi, Darell E. 213

Levy, Andrea 195

Levy, Catherine 196

Lewin, Olive 197, 305

Lewis, Bernard 123

Lewis, C. Bernard 198

Lewis, Rupert 200, 201, 202, 203

Liberty Hall 33, 187

Libraries, National 51

Linguists 96

Literary exchanges 14

Livingstone , Albert, 1932-2008 234

Lizards 231

Lobsters 178

Logan, Vivienne 204

Lombal-Bent, Marie 205

Lovindeer, Lloyd 206

Lucas Cricket Club (Kingston, Jamaica) 106

Mais, Roger 110

Mandeville (Jamaica) 160

Manley, Edna 1900 - 1987 85, 114, 243

Manley, Michael 208, 213

Manley, Norman 77, 91, 150, 207, 209, 252

Manley, Rachel 208, 209

Marijuana 6

Marley, Bob 162

Marley, Ziggy 49

Maroons - Jamaica 22

Maroons - Social life and customs 52

Marshall, Emily Zobel 210

Marson, Michelle 92

Martin, Tony 200

Massacres - Jamaica - History - 18th Century 20

Matalon, Aaron 236

Matalon, Marjorie 236

Mayal 319

McDonald, Sheldon 211

McGregor, David 324

McKay, Claude - Date of birth 182

McKenzie, Earl 212

McKenzie Herman I. 213

McMorris, Neville 132, 214

McNeill, Anthony 216

McNeill, Tony 217

Medical doctors - See Physicians 5

Medicinal plants 6, 221

Medicine - Jamaica 55

Melody Makers 49

Menard, John Willis 163

Mendes, Judith 218

Mental disorders - Diagnosis and treatment 157

Mento - See Folk music 197

Metallurgy 137

Migration 144

Miller, Daniel 219

Miller, Kei 124

Mills, Don 220

Mitchell, Sylvia 221, 222

Moiseivitch, Benno 207

Monuments and memorials 300

Monuments - Social aspects 268

Morant Bay rebellion - See Jamaica - History - Morant Bay Rebellion, 1865 164

Mordecai, Martin 223

Mordecai, Pam 105

Morris, Mervyn 113, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228

Morris, Neville 215

Morrison, Anthea 229

Morrison, Elizabeth 230

Morrison, Errol 115

Morrison, Petrona 255

Moses, Knolly 232

Moths 177

Mulgrave, Catherine 1822 - 1891 318

Mullings, Evon 233

Munro College 233, 238

Musgrave medals - See Institute of Jamaica - Awards 13

Music teachers 251

Musical instruments 99, 319

Mutabaruka - Interviews 152

Mystic Revelation of Rastafari 24

National Dance Theatre Company of Jamaica 242, 244

National Gallery of Jamaica 234, 235

National Gallery of Jamaica. Education Department 236

National heritage 9, 30, 36

National Library of Jamaica 51

National monuments 30, 36, 37, 295

National parks and reserves 253

Natural, Cherry 237

Natural history 116, 135, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 179, 230, 247

Natural History Society of Jamaica 71, 89, 196, 198

Nature Reserves - See Forrest Reserves 174

Neil, Craig L. 238

Nelson, Barbara 239

Nettleford, Rex 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246

Newell, Dionne 247

Niaah, Sonjah Stanley 248

Non-governmental organizations 98

Non Governmental Organiztions 196

Norman Manley 90

O'Callaghan, Evelyn 249

O'Gorman, Pamela 250, 251, 252

Oakton House (Kingston, Jamaica) 83

Oberli, Andreas 234

Opium poppy 6

Oral interpretation of poetry 228

Oratorios 250

Organization of American States 32, 75, 130, 308

Organization of American States - Technical assistance 31

Organized crime-Jamaica 149

Otuokon, Susan 253

Paleoclimatology 125

Palisadoes 254

Pan-Africanists 199

Pantomime (Christmas Entertainment)-History 244

Parker, Tracey 239

Parks and Gardens 277

Parrent, James 254

Parrot, Black-billed 169

Patterson, Patrick 183

Paul, Annie 255

Peace 311

Pennant, Latoya 256

Pereira, Joe 257

Performance poetry 189, 228

Persaud, Bishnodat 324

Petrology 264

Physicians 5

Pimento (Allspice) 175

Pinnock, Agostinho 258

Plantation life - Jamaica - History 61

Plants 272

Poetry 63, 68, 69, 70, 74, 76, 124, 129, 136, 205, 209, 216, 217, 225, 237, 238, 249, 260, 276, 284, 304

Poets 189

Pollard, Velma 249, 259, 260

Pollution 98

Pollution - Environmental aspects 44

Pollution-Jamaica-Hellshire 218

Popular culture 191

Popular music 24, 49, 66, 103, 112, 191, 289

Port Royal 254, 263

Port Royal (Jamaica)-Antiquities 34

Port Royal Naval Dockyard 180

Porter, Anthony R.D. 56, 101, 116, 261, 262, 263, 264

Portlandia - See Rubiaceae - Classification 176

Ports of entry - Jamaica - History 275

Postage stamps 165

Potoo Hole (Clarendon, Jamaica) 125

Pottery 40, 241

Poupeye-Rammelaere, Veerle 265, 266

Poupeye, Veerle 267, 268, 269

Prendergast, Franklyn 5

Preston, John 192

Prime Minister-Jamaica-Biography 213

Prose 217

Publishing 223

Rachel Manley 114

Rae, Allan 183

Rainforests 122

Rapier, John H. 54, 55

Rappaport, Helen 270

Ras Dizzy, 1932-2008 234

Rashford, John 271, 272, 273

Rastafari movement 201, 203

Rastafari movement - History 303

Rastafari movement-Influence 303

Rastafari movement - Music 112

Reckord, Michael 274

Reeder, John 137

Reggae music 102, 112, 162, 191, 289

Reid, Ahmed 275, 296, 297, 302

Reid, Tyrone S. 276

Reparations for historical injustices 294

Reynolds, C. Roy 277

Richards, Mercedes T. 27

Richardson, Egerton 45

Richmond, Beulah 310

Robertson, Glory 278

Robertson-Hickling, Hilary 279

Robertson, James 280, 281, 299

Robertson, Shirley J. 282

Robinson, Carey 185, 186

Robinson, Carey Fitzwilliam 27

Robinson, Kim 283

Rowe, Lawrence 183, 214

Royes, Heather 284

Rubiaceae - Classification 176

Ruddock, Leonard C. 285

Salkey, Andrew 224

Science - Social aspects 311

Scott, Dennis 84, 226

Scott, Nadine A.T. 286

Sculptors 85

Sea turtles-Protection 190, 247

Seacole, Mary 121, 188, 270

Seaga, Edward 287, 288, 289

Senior, C. H. 290, 291

Senior, Olive 23, 158, 225, 259, 292

Senior, Olive- Interviews 229

Sharpe, Samuel - Trials, litigations etc. 297, 301

Shelley-Robinson, Cherrell 310

Shepherd, Verene A. 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302

Sheriff, Sean 232

Sherlock, Philip 8, 246

Short stories 109, 120, 193, 195, 274, 292, 321, 322

Sicydium Antillarum 53

Sicydium punctatum 53

Simpson, George Eaton 303

Slave insurrections - Jamaica -1831-1832 297, 301, 302

Slave narratives 302

Slave trade 3, 11, 245, 275, 296, 318

Slave trade - Atrocities 20

Slavery 245, 294

Slavery - Exhibitions 19

Slavery- Fiction 142

Slavery in art 58

Slaves and slavery 164

Slaves - Emancipation 281

Smith, Honor Ford 304

Spanish jars - See Storage Jars 101

Spanish Town, Jamaica 299

Spiny lobsters - Caribbean 178

Sponges-Jamaica-Port Royal 181

SS Empire Windrush 144

States, small 312

Statues 8

Statues-Social aspects 268

Stephens, Tanya 66

Stone implements 264

The Stony Gut Research Project 62

Storage jars- Jamaica-History 101

Stratchan, Racquel 83

Suckstone fish - See Gobiidae 53

Sugar workers 285

Sustainable development 253, 312

Tafari-Ama, Imani 258

Taino Indians 99, 293

Taino Indians - Antiquities 43, 50

Taino Indians - Religion 50

Tanna, Laura 305, 306

Tate, Gavern 307

Technical assistance - Jamaica 31

Third World 49

Thomas, Christopher R. 308

Tissue culture 42

Tortello, Rebecca 298, 309, 310

Traditional medicine 221

Transnational crime-Caribbean Area 149

Trees, Africa 271

Trees-Jamaica-Folklore 273

UNESCO 97, 139

UNESCO World Heritage Project 47

United Nations 35, 46, 49, 65, 92, 220, 315

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 16, 48

United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) 211

Universal Negro Improvement Association (U.N.I.A.) 187

University of the West Indies, (Mona Jamaica) 240

Valentine, Alfred 183

Van Asbroeck, Herman 234

Van Ashbroeck, Herman 235

Vegetation and climate 272

Ventura, Arnoldo 311

Visual arts 111

Voluntary Organization for the Upliftment of Children (VOUCH) 48

Vutchkov, Mitko K 192

Wade, Barry 312

The Wailers 112

Wainwright, Leon 313

Waldemar, Patrick 314

Walker, H. S. 315

Walsh, Courtney 183

Walter, Glickman 132

Warner, George F. 316

Warner-Lewis, Maureen 87, 317, 318, 319

Warner, Monica F. 239, 320

Waterfalls 161

Watson, Barrington 199

Watson, Barrington - Interviews 141

Watson, Osmond 1935 - 2005 80

Webber, Mona 181

Webster, Seymour 222

West Indian Literature - History and criticism 72

West Indian Whistling Ducks 151

West Indies (British) - Politics and Government 150

West Indies (Federation) 150

West Indies - In literature 72

Whylie, Marjorie 251

Wilson. Betty 105

Wind turbines 233

Windmills 238

Winkler, Anthony 321, 322

Women 46

Women slaves 164

World War 1939-1945 - Refugees 127

Worthington, E. Barton 323

Wright, Raymond 324

Zygophyllaceae 173